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. A H jji nriu6S ' ! ivirlnnliuni -S H i VOL. 2-NOL 252. ■ ... % ... • - SAVANNAH, GEORGIA., SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1966. i3Y.r-.Vy'> 30 V.&J.S5..1CSk 3Ya?.ST\<> p- ■ • -oxtiBcot tmmircrff ifloSiawv 3 ? PRICE. 5 CENTS. ettba The ^aily News amj Herald. " PUBLISHED BT s . W. MASON. BlT Stsict. Wa.hu, Gao *’ fiimi Five Cents. fttCuPJ.—, #8 BO. p *1* iwi. of ADVERTISING. 5>T first insertion, $1.50; each lnaer- flS! '. first. 75 cents. 503 ‘ ■■ ■ fri-feeWy News and Herald ‘, at JO per year, or 75 cent* per month, and <ue Weekly News and Herald ’ , 5 ;sm ed every 8a tnrday at $3 per year. ,f>B PRINTING, ' , , ie p.tly and promptly done. to enforce, by appropriate legislation. the provisions of I (235,000, It was estimated, weald be required to re- the Amendment. It will be contended that they are the fond past doe bonds, leaving to be applied to interest proper judges of what constitutes appropriate legialtl doe the stun of 1500,5*0. The precise amonnt of past tion. If, therefore, the Amendment be adopted, satt due coupons, then reported to the General Assembly innal f!nneresa. from Which the Southern StataSL was tiRM Om WfitrtK Ya Orn omminf ;.r rwat (jOV£B»NOR’3 MESSAGE. Executive D&pabtmxxt, » i UU£i» EVILLE * <**•» November let, 1808.) and Representatives? r:^. during the year now drawing to ft close, ^ ^3 have been unpropitioiift to the fcuftband- ^'wdedisappointing to the merchant, and tho * "5, timed discouraging to the patriot* blea- *P U 1t wholly “in disguise,’* have come to all. The f#^L ter rcvOguizes the hand of an over-rulinjr Sndenctf aa well in aeeming evil aa in positives f^wsunes all men, of every age and every clime, .Cnisdveraity as merited chastisement, and to filiate offended Deity by repentance and reform. * FEDERAL RELATIONS. X - QC ( vour last adjournment, little progress hac n male either in the reconstruction of a dismem- Sfflo^rur.ent, or in the restoration of material Sotr’ty 'o that portion of the country desolated by civil \ ’Hr. However produced, the fact lain- ■'i-jble that the Government of the United States ■Jjrt aiundri before the civilized world in the la- : r:iD ; ; 0 condition of dismemberment. Four of the ."•iccu States that originally took part in the forma X cl ih« Union, and six that have been added in X progress of a marvelous development, are now v excluded from participation in its legislative ‘••1’iminiBirative functions. It is true that the now ^:dc«l States did voluntarily abandon sufch partici- .. Bt by what was designed as a peaceful and per- -tnt withdrawal; but the right to do so was denied jJJes, anil upon that question of right the war en- £ The party denying the existence of the right --allied that the Union was indissoluble by such that it still existed in lull force, and nothing ■jtviH necessary than the suppression of irregular ^joace to its authority. That resistance having J suppressed, utter a struggle of five years’ con- . jXC e—the resistants having grounded their T-j-^ubmitted in word and act to the authorities fc, :el’uited States—rescinded all constitutions, or- "ItccS laws and resulutions asserting independence ; a antagonism to, that Government—declared its •’muiuuou their supreme law, and elected Senators Rcyreseutativea to the Federal Congress—the conclusion from the premises of the victors is. !*» Ee practical result should be, that the attempt failed, iud that the Union stands unshaken. AU that ’it- resistants may have done towards dismem berment they have undone The temporary breach •jity made they have repaired. Why, then, are they . ., n :i,e Union as formerly? The answer is,-that rtiedominant States, througu their representatives in C ccriS« positively refuse their admission to the na- j,J|l -ouucils, and the conclusion is inevitable, that Cii. taw refusal the present dismemberment results. Basoning upon their own theory, if the Southern be not now within the pale of the Union, few been ejected by this Congress. If they be, 4tir constitutional right of representation is denied * sB by tne same authority. "ibe President of the United States, second to none a devotion to the Union, though placed during the ic uv the intensity of that feeling, in opposition to fr'uixw section, consistently illustrates it in restored r.nv. He distinctly affirms the right of the Southern W't° representation In Congress; and, for this ad- iercu* tu principle, has been abandoned and de- toonerd bv those who placed him in power. The Legislative* a id Executive Departments of the Go- t train cut are thus brought into conflict, seemiugly irreconcilable and daily increasing in bitterness. Iiie people, too, of the dominant States now wield ing the wh.'.le power of the Government, are them- k.ves divided; and we, the excluded, against whom ;ttj recently presented the unbroken front of relent- i«s wat, though now passive and unresisting, have iilieuiv become to them an apple of discord. In this contest,’oar position, our motives and our purposes ur severely scrutinized. These are all llagrantly unrepresented by unscrupulous demagogues, and aaiit, very many, well-meaning persons are un doubted y deceived by them. Tue paling issue may not find a very early soili ng. Meantime, we pass through an ordeal thoroughly idipred -:o tru men’s souls." But we must be true 10 empires, to those who, though uot of us, are flght- ag our battles, and to the country; we must steadily udcahuly pursue the course upon which we have •Ked. neither betrayed ilito error by false represen ts.:.* of the malignant and consequently injurious cjccions of the credulous, nor, yielding to humilia- hgiiemandfl, against which justice exclaims and iciood revolts. Pursuing this course, we shall, in tse, live down both detraction and delusion, and nkve a murai victory far more enduring and en siting than any triumph of mere physical force. fEOPOSED AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION, isgarmain to the subject already discussed, I call j uraittutiou to another proposed amendment of the . -ltitution of the United SUtes, transmitted to me by the secretary of State, and accompanying this com- isiiicatiuu. The fact that your action upou it is thus —voted, Imposes ou you an obligation to consider Mpwtiully. . , ^ Tci-umendraent, designed, like all of recent origin • operate especially on Southern SUtes, contains *v c ; al actions, to some of which I invite special at- &uon. L The prominent feature of the first is, that it set- indifiuitely the right of citizenship in the several sue->, as political communities, thereby depriving in the future of all discretionary power over the iibjtct within their respective limits, and with ref- wucfc to their SUte Governments proper. It makes C peroons of color, born in the United StsteB, oiti- ifUI. 2. The second changes the basis of representation a tie popular branch of the Congress and in Presi- jenaai electoral colleges. It provides that, in appor tioning representation among the States, all persona ciapt iDUiaus not toxed) shall be taken into the enu- c-atmtlon, unless the electjve franchise be denied in 42-T State to any male inhabitants, be;ng citizens of tts United States, and twenty-one years of age, or be hi toy manner abridged (otherwise than as a punish- c«ntfor crime.) in which event the representation shl b-7 proportionately reduced. Whether the object in proposing this change be the tr.tngion ul the elective franchise to persons of Afn- descent, (nearly all of whom are notoriously uu- qnalifled for it,) or a further diminution of the already relatively small weight of the Southern States in the •dahistrailou of the Government, the adoption of ttu amendment will certainly force upon them a ch iict, between those evils. If the former be the real object, the latter alternative must be regaded simply u a penalty for refusing it In this view, it is not dif- Hult to expose the flagrant injustice of theproposi- bon. Let ua consider briefly how the amendment vJiafiect States wherein slavery did not exist prior »c the war, an a hew those wherein it existed. Ip the ’-rmer class, the selection of the one or the other al- * native will be only a matter of taste, no great public intCTrgt being involved. If the franchise be extended, Te number thus newly admitted to the ballot will be •°«mallthat no appreciable effect upon popular eleo result. If refused, the number excluded , om the enumeration in fixing the ratio of represen- jUon win still be so small, that the consequent reduc- ^on would be seriously felt, and in some instances *^<1 not probably be merely fractional, producing wrtallment at all. Now, look to the other class of There the number of voters proposed to be r&inebised. and who ly unprepared for the trust, "fold be immense, and the disturbance in the motive PJfotr of republican machinery incalculable. There, p the other band, if the franchise be withheld, ^reduction of representation would be vast. Is there there Justice in a proposed change so dif* L, • different portions of a country, uin- i under a common government for the common , ‘ Would the enforcement of such a change by a 0011 *d not barm, upon a minority It must h bea l H:a ^ magnanimity ? « may be said iu reply, that the Constitution does 8e ^ional differences—that it was designed y , Protection and advenceinent of personal rights. lr P^ extent this is an egregious error. The Union . °Rginally designed mainly for the conduct of t r- *“ a irs aud common defense, leaving to the States x of their domestic concerns. The Con- ^suited from a compromise of sectional in* yitbout which it could not have been formed, m that compromise, the rights and interests jj? ii^sian as affected by the presence of a very 2m 1 ? 111 Population in some of the States, were sSl? and adjusted. The African element, ^•ther bond or free, was c fractional Congress, from which the Southern State*, chiefly interested in it, are excluded, be empowered “to enforce it by appropriate legislation,“ what ves tige of hope remains to the people of thoee States? Nay. more, what semblance of Republican Govern* ment can the true patriot of the North discern In such state of affaire ? Yet. that is the point to which we seem to be drifting ; far there is no sssuranoe what ever that even this concession will ensure our restor ation. Amendments have already been proposed to and accepted by us. which it was believed would effect that result; but hope is still deferred, right still de nied. I will not further analyze this Amendment, equally novel and unjnst. I ash you to consider, however, why it is that you are oelled upon to vote upon its adoption, whilst your State had no voice In its preparation I The Con stitution secures to the States the one right as dis tinctly and as positively is the other. Had your Rep resentatives, and those of other States similarly situ ated, been present, siding in giving substance and form to tt, possibly it might have before you a lees odious thing The policy seems to have come been, first to push it. without their participation, beyond the Btage of amendment, and then to say to them, accept our bantling or tabs the consequeuoe. The omisston of any material part ol the process of amend ment, maKea the amendment itself unconstitu tional, nuu ana void should-the States especially to be affected by tbis amendment refuse their assent to it, it cannot be adopted withotit excluding them from the coant and placing its ratification upon the votes of three-fourths of the now dominant States. It is said, however, that unless this concession be made, the now excluded States will be kept out of the halls of Congress indefinitely. Were the Amendment >reaented with such a menace distinctly expresed, a ligher motive (if possible) than any hitherto suggested would prompt its rejection. - At the termtnsrion of hostilities, it wss right and proper that the previously resisting States should, in he most unequivocal and formal manner, abandon such resistance—should rescind all they had done in antagonism to, and do whatever was necessary and proper to place themselves in constitutional relations with that Government. AU this, we beUeve. Georgia has done. Beyond this, in acting upon any proposed change in the fundamental law, even in this crttital juncture, my advice is that her legislators act with the same intelligent judgment and the same unflinch ing firmness that they would have exercised In tho past, or wonld exercise in the future, when In full connection and unambiguous position. Any other rule of action may involve sacrifices of interest and of principle which magnanimity would not exact and self-respect could not make. _ , To submit to injurious chaeges in thsApqsntution, when forced upon a State, according tsflfifirsu pre scribed for its amendment, wonld be ad* thing ; to participate in making them, under duress, against her seDse of right and justice, would be a very dif ferent thing. The difference, in principle, is as broad as that which distinguishes martyrdom from suicide. Far better calmly await* returning sense of jcslice, and a consequent reflux of the tide] now running strongly sgainst us. The military rule to which, aa a people, we hive been subjected during the past eighteen months, so differantfrom all previous experience, must nec essarily be more or less prejudicial to onr interests and wounding to our feelings. \ou are well aware, however, that it has been greatly mitigated daring your recess. The Administration, I think, have be come thoroughly convinced that the sword and bay onet are not necessary to the enforcement of law and order in Georgia. We probably have not now a larger military, force within our borders than have often been stationed here in times of perfect peace. Our people, with rare ex ceptions, such as occur everywhere, have been quiet, orderly, and devoted to industrial pursuits. The of ficers ol the army and agents of the Freedmen’s Bu reau. stationed among us, have, with few exceptions, manifested a growing confidence and a disposition to relax their authority and leave the administration of the law to the civil conrtB. Vexations interferences sometimes occur, usually traceable to imprudent con duct on the part of misguided citizens, or to the offi cious intermeddling of- injudicious or evil-disposed subordinate*. Due allowance being made for honest differences of opinion upon questions arising in a novel state of affaire, the President and heads of de partments have manifested a gratifying determination to deal justly ami kindly with onr government and people. With a view to the adjustment of some point of difference, the more rapid restoration of mail facili ties. and the procuring of action upon the application of our citizens for amnesty, in which they naturally felt great anxiety, I made a short visit to Washington, and had abundant reason to be gratified by the kind ness shown towards onr people in word and in act. i (898.000. which added to the ainoun 5 of past due be*da made an aggregate of (830,000—showing deafly in my opinion that tho General Assembly intended to provide for no interest other than was evidenced by past due coupons. ' In this View no provision was made for the payment of in teryat accruing, on past due bonds, after their maturity. Iknaw-fiot whether this omission was or was net intentional. It is very true that, under ordinary circumstances, if the holder ot such a security fail to present-it afcmataoity.fer pay ment, he is held not entitled to interest. This rule has been applied by sundry corporations, private and public, to bonda maturing during the war. I submit to tho consideration of the General Assembly, whether snob application, under the circumstahces. is just and equitable. It is very certain that after Coinedemie and State Treasury notes had filled up the channels of circulation, the presentation of sack bonds for pay ment in the medium contracted for would nave been an idle ceremony. Ho less certain is ii that the hold ers of many of these bonds were cut off from access to the place of payment by the existing war,' and there fore could not make demand. I recommend as more consistent with the honor and dignity of the State that provision be made fbr the payment of this ln- Evidence having been presented to this department, that since the last payment by the State on its sub scription to the stock of the Atlantic and Golf Rail road, additional instalments have been paid in by the private stockholders, which by the terms of the act incorporating the company, approved 27ih February, 1888, subjected the SUte to the payment of $134,500 on her subscription, I have, in obedience to that act. caused to be executed and delivered to the company- bonds of the State for that sum. When all of the bonds authorized by the act of the General Assembly, approved 12th March, 1803, (ex cept those Intended tor the assumption of the Fedor.. ( tax,) shall have been disposed of as contemplated, the funded debt ot the State will stand thns: Bond* issued anterior to 1861 and not yet w-aatA.- - ■ .(iWMOa Mortgage Bonda issued in 1866, above men tioned V. 3,630,000 Bonda issued to the AtMxfic and fjtalf Bail Road in I860 ISitoOO USANCES, STATE DEBT AND TAXATION. You are fully aware of the difficulties that have be set the fiscal operations of the Government daring the past year. There has been no relaxation of the pressure upon the Treasury since I came Into office. Empty when the process of reorganizing the State Government commenced, aud the ordinary sources of supply suspended, it has been called upon to meet largo arrearages for the year 1865, demands origina ting anterior to that year, the expenses of the Provi sional Government (except the salary of the incum bent of this office!, expenses of the Convention of 1865, those of the reorganized Government, repairs and refitting of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, the snpply of corn for the destitute, and other appropria tions made at the late session of the General Assem bly. As was anticipated and provided for, these heavy demands could only be discharged by recourse to the credit of the SUte. The authority given me at yonr last session to raise money by sale ot the bonds of the SUte baa been par tially executed. After careful consideration and ad visement with those more versed in financial affaire than myself, I determined, in the exercise of the dis cretion reposed in me, to issue bonds with the ample security afforded by a mortgage of the Western and Atlantic Railroad. The delay Incident to the prepara tion of these bonds, and the annexation of the mort gage security, rendered a resort to temporary loans neoe8aary. A very liberal spirit was manifested by moneyed corporations and by individual-* of our own SUte; but in this time of prostration, barely enough could be realized from these sources to defray ordinary ex penses and pressing arrearages. To obtain the means of purchasing com for the destitute, and making re pairs upon the Western and Atlantic Railroad, it was found necessary to resort to localities where money was more abundant and SUtes and Individual! less needy. In Hew York, the great commercial emporium of the country, the required relief was found. Loans for four and three months were negotiated at the rate of seven per cent, per annum. Only in two or three insUnces (within the SUte), for small amounts com paratively, when there remained no other raaouroe to meet the expenses of yonr last session, rapidly draw ing to aclo?e, was more than seven per cent, paid tor these temporary loans. Ail of the short loans thus far negotiated by myself, and aU negotiated by the Provisional Governor, that have been matured, have been paid in full. The immature loans contracted by him amount, in the aggregate, to fifty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three and one-third dollars, payable in gold or its equivalent in currency. 1 found the indications clear and cheering that, notwlUistand- ing the great diminution of the material wealth sub ject to her Uxation, her bitter experiences, aud bet present prostration, onr good old SUte enjoys an hon orable and enviable credit. I entertain not a shadow ■ot doubt that, if permitted to enter the money market upon her own merits—the ban of the Federal Govern ment, which beclouds her future, removed—her se curities would command more ’ban par in the present circulating medium, notwithstanding the palpable depression resulting from this eauso (purely political), I look with confidence to their appreciation, and therefore avoided, as far as possible, precipitancy in the sale of them. It seemed to be s foregone oonola- sion st the money centre, that Georgia bonds wonld be well sold at eightv-flve in the hundreds and eo it was announced to me. The prompt and decided re jection of all offers below ninety in the hundred speed ilv brought them to that poiot, at which, however, no larger amount than present necessity required, was e °The bonds authorized by the Convention of 18C5— amounting to $500,000 and limited in time to five years—were not well received by capitalists. The time wss too short to invite permanent investment, and for that reason unsuited to speculation. The Provisional Governor effected sales of them only to the amount of (30,000 00. But this difficulty was overcome in a great measure by incorporating tattem a provision making them convertible, at the option of the bolder, into each bonds, on longer time, as the General Assembly might authorize. The eth seettem of the act on thia subject, approved 12th 1March, 1866, placing the bonds authorized by the Convention, In all respects, on the same footing with those provided for in too preceding sections, fully sustained this ex pedient. Very cheaply prepared, in a stylo and with material corresponding to the short existence intended tor them, they tided the Treasury materially whilst more available bonds were in preparation. Looking to toe substitution of toe latter for the former »t an early day. I caused bonds to be prepared conforming to the provisions of the act above referred to, aa fol- Under the ordinance of the Convention a* qualified by the act of the Legislature •••* **■?“? Under the lat section of the act. l,euu,uuu Under toe 7th section to provide for pay- ment of the Federal tax eou ' ouu Under 8th section to fund past due bonds and coupons » Under 11th section appropriation act to pur- Total '»y vv ..... $6,441,OCO Of thia amonnt $176,500 will mature in 1868; $334,- 500 in 1869; $164,500 in 1870—making a total of $675,- 500. The latter sum, therefore, must be provided lor within four years from this time. I recommend that the bonds before mentioned, prepared to meet the Federal tax, but aa yet unexecuted, be placed at the disposal ot the Governor, with authority to u6e them as occasion may be presented, by sale or exohange, if deemed advisable, in redemption of the bonds to mature in and before the year 1870. The public debt will not thus be increased- in amount and may bo somewhat diminished. Bonds amounting to $154,000 will mature in 1871, and others amounting to $721,500 in 1872, the ag gregate being $875,500 to be provided for iu six years. To meet this and subsequently accruing liabilities I recommend that the sum of one hundred aud twenty thousand dollars be annually set apart as a sinking fund accumulative. -i- If the first class of bonda (to mature within four years,) be provided for in the manner suggested, and the linking fund proposed be allowed to accumulate until 1872, at 6 per oent. interest, it will be adequate to the payment of the bonds maturing in 1871 and 1872. But, if in the then existing financial condition of the State, itshoullbe deemed advisable by your successors to meet the liabilities of 1871 and 1872 by sale of the State’s stock in the Atlantic and Gulf RMilrfkMd, or by applying any other resource available at that time, and permit the sinking fund to go on ac cumulating, the entire debt of the State may, in ^ue progress of time, be easily provided for, and her credit maintained. In urging you to look thus tar into the future, and to provide means or initiate a policy for the accomplishment of ends so desirable, think I but present a case of clear duty. It is true, that during the immaturity of State securities, if the annually accruing interest be faithfully paid, the holders have no legal right to ask more. But I would j irass upon your adoption the scheme of the sinking : “and as one of the surest props to 8tate credit, and as an act of justioe to posterity; and for these reasons, as a great measure of State policy. Its great ad vantage is, that it distributes the burthen of payment, equally over a aeries of years; and, indeed, the sum to be provided In each year will be so small as scarcely to merit the appellation of a burthen. Whensoever a large amount shall mature in any one year, without such provision, either the tax payer of that year must be oppressively burthened. or a new debt must be in curred. Should this occur when money is scarce, it may be difficult, if not Impracticable, to place a new loan, thus bringing the General Assembly face to face with the alternative of oppressive taxation or dishonor of the 8tate’a obligations. The escape from this dilemma, now proposed, is so easy, that I think it will commend itself to the favorable consideration of the General Assembly. The debt of the United States Government is so large, and her credit sustained by resources so ample, that her outstanding securitie- will always afford facilities for the investment of the •inking fund and its accumulating interest. I reiterate the conviction expressed in my first message to you, that the Western and Atlantic Rail road, put in a condition of thorough repair, anil furnished with adequate rolling stock, will in the future, with proper management, sustain itself and yield a revenue, which, increased by dividends that may reasonably be expected from the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, will always render unnecessary onerous taxation. The reports of the Treasurer and Comptroller General will furnish yon detailed information relative to toe finances of toe State, and with statistical in formation of an interesting character. 1 commend to your serious consideration the suggestions «,f the latter in reference to amendments of the revenue ta The collection of the Federal tax upon lands having been suspended before much progress hud been nude, I did not feel authorised to suspend that im posed for toe support of toe Mate Government- I re gret exceedingly tost sny portion of our fellow-citizens should have been required to pay the Federal tax, but not believing that your legislation contemplate.! partial suspension of toe Slate tax, I could not come to their relief. The State tax, acl valorem, is very light, being only one-sixth of one per cent. The tax upon toe sale of spirituous liquors seemed by its terms to embrace toe first quarter of the presen t year, which had nearly expired before the lax was imposed. Being retroactive, the seller was deprived of the opportunity to add the tax to the price, in his sales Besides, many merchants had during that quarter sold the article for non-residents, on commis sion, and made final settlements with the owner.. Esd the **- been exacted of them, it would have ex ceeded largely their commissions, and subjected them to serious loss, without fault on their part. For these reasons I suspended toe tax foe too first quarter, and now invite your attention to it The people of Georgia have always been lightly taxed, and Isee no indications that the State Govern ment will be constrained to make thia burthen oner ous in toe future. EDUCATION. The re-opening of toe University, after an unavoida ble suspension, has elicited the most satisfactory evi dence of public approval. Many of ite indst ardent friends entertained toe apprehensions that causes connected with the war recently teiminated, and chief among them tho otter impoverishment of some, and the straitened circumstances of others, formerly both able and willing to educate their sons, would occasion such diminution of patronage as would render the effort abortive. The result has been far otherwise. The number of applicants for admission, very respec table st first, baa rapidly Increased, and is still In creasing. There are now matricnUtad conmuerably more than one hundred. It offers to the peopled Georgia very great educational advantages, whilst the tons of moral and religions opinion and feeling is de- ddedly higb, without toe slightest taint of sectarian. W m’ e Hve in an age when educated mind mnst take a leading part In afitire of State. Any people negject- „ . v, free, was computed alike with refer- — —- - this identical subject of representation, and chase corn for toe destitute i; ‘Stored regarding toe elective franchise, n „Jectlon now urged against the amendment is, ly- ^ *‘ll fall upon citizens inhabiting one latitude - to avalanche from ita mountain perch, crushing settles; whilst upon those of another latitude •till alight unfelt like a feather floating in still air. “■ ite iilirti section engrafts npon toe fundamental 4»« w disqualification for office. State and Federal .^“►qualification not toe result of sny set to be i. “ter the adoption of tho amendment, but con- btf °re Us conception. The act entalUng ("qualification lor office consists in having heretofore ', a . u oath to support the Constitution of the ttS StatC8 . and having thereafter engaged to re- ‘“torrection against the same, or-ffiaving wdertre comfort to the enemies thereof. Con* il number of our < ■kosth _ ' £on- 2 number of our citizens who have taken Ovr hhder the circumstances set forth, toe tium- kS" 1 ? engaged in the war. and toe breadth Aw mo revered by the words “giving aiaan&cornr the ’"‘.enemies thereof," wo can readily perceive la character oi toe disqualification. It is 'ttted ii - v Preemptive as if toe persons to be af- uT “““ been ascertained and their names Inserted. . noted, also, that toe proscribed are all Vlfflst ii 011 one 8iJe of * certain geographical lina. aih.hu .* u,bors °f the proscription have their lo- ]S '5°» on too other side. rrmar kabl c , moreover, that there is in »ho .!“ ecll °n no saving clause to favor of those toe interval between the cessation ofhostili- c *tv«i ti “''option of the Amendment,may have re- tw amnesty of the Government. Pardoned y 0 „* y cave been, but disfranchised they will be. tt Vlli , ' “sited to give your consent that such a fate w . 0 upon many of yonr best citizens, who have vtoir, ° rea 1116 public confidence, and some of HuT fill important publlo trusts. Can Georgia j •r^'o' toes* from her eerriodt ““ “fth end last taction empower* the Congress and Atlantic Railroad, the General Assembly may, *“ perfectly good faith, if deemed advisable, order them executed and issued for any other purpose and with out additional expense. Ho bonds have been sold st a lower price then ninety cents in the dollar, and very few above it. The Trea surer’s report will advise yon of the amount told and the prooeed*. It will be necessary to dispose of toe entire amount authorized aud prepared for sale, when ever a fair price can be obtained; bat arrangements have been made which, without increased cost to toe State will obviate the necessity of lorced sales below their*real market value. The sales uot having been completed and toe bill* for materiM and work to pre- 4«ration of toe bonds uot having been rendered, the expense attending this particular service cannot now ‘"Evince having transpired that there are ertant kAndRAr tha Slate not registered In tne Treasurer 11 Aflra ffiTifl trfciieofflin^T doubtful genuineness alii office, ang wi3gwps«»»» j for refunding which me- ^^TVt toe TTO^^Vn-' any coupon* past due sasL’grJgES thia specific purpose is $880*550. uluality, Ua^ir destitution of mental culture mpet ap peal *strongly to the sympathies of their more fortu nate fellow-citizens. But flgtfqlprest in the subject rises immeasurably wlieu they are looked npon as fu- tmw members xrf the bodjTSlittfl^^nder 4 iCdhWtn- ttod extending general suffihg^to male citizens. A conscientious man.- wholly uneducated, always feels much embarrassment in choosing between nxal candidates for popular suffrage, and whatever be his natural endowments, and however prominent,his vir tues, ia*conscious of his own want of qualification for public service. No plainer proposition can be stated than that a people who govern ought to be aa. intelli- gent people. Experience has shown that it is difficult todiguutae and keep in successful operation, a system, of: com mon school education where die population ia sparse. But the difficulty should not discourage effort. Ter- sieteot trial will expose errors and suggest remedies. Even our imperfect system has, like eU otter, useful enterprises, suffered suspension. I remarked with pleasure that, at your last session, you had raised from your own bodies a joint committee to oons8der r during your recess, and on jour rca—amhiing to re port upon this great subject. Belying upon their fidelity and ability, m your own chosen depositaries of ao grave a trust, I venture npon no auggealtens aft to details. .-'cbn. It will, of course, occur to you, and will douh&aa have commanded the attention of your committee, that the source* whence tha fund for thia purpose derived have almost entirely failed. The bank eh owned by the State, and applied to this object, have Been lost. The Western aud Atlantic Railroad has yielded no revenue within the past two and a half years—aud in all probability, until It shall have thrown off the war-imposed burdens, can do litUe or nothing for this cause. Its revenues are now pledged to the payment of interest on, and a sinking fund for the public debt, necessarily considerably increased irithin the past financial year. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, I respectfully suggest that attenffmr to, aud provision for this public interest, does not ad mit of delay. 1 doubt uot that your conaUluent^ will cheerftlTly near, even now, such contributions a• may be deinamled of them to h>«r it • THE'WESTERN AND ATLAN#fc RAILROAD. I transmit herewith a copy of the report of tha * perintendent of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, accompanied by reports to him of subordinate officers, and sundry tabular statement*. From a careful perusal of these documents, not only general results, but detailed information relative to the different branches of service, and a clear Insight into the general management of thia important in terest, may be readily obtained. The very greet im provement made since the road passed under the management of the present superintendent, in the track itself, in tho motive power and other rolling stock, and in the general service, whether stationary at the termini and at intermediate depots, or moving with the trains, reflects the highest credit upon him aud hi» subordinates. These documents disclose the facts that reconstruction, renovation and increased capacity to meet the demands of travel and com merce, were required at all points and in all depart ments, and that large arrearages occurring between the 25th September, 1865, and the 1st of April, 1866, have been met since the latter day. Accidents and looses arc now of very rare occurrence, and failures or delays of trains almost unknown. During the first six months of the year the business of the road was very large, owing to the foot that many roods iu the Eastern line of comlbctian with the Northern cities wero uot in operation. They, having been put in working order daring the spring, have again drawn to themselves much of travel and trans portation formerly enjoyed and properly appertaining to them. This circumstance and a general, though, it is be lieved, temporary falling off during tbe summer mouths of thia business, have greatly curtailed the gross receipts. Should there come a revival in the activity aud prosperity of the conntry, now slowly re covering from the exhaustion of long war, railroad business will revive with them. The location and It connections of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, as well remarked by the Superintendent, insure It a large participation, under any circumstances, In the general travel and transportation, be they great or small. Should the good time hoped for come, there is every indication that this road will be in a condi tion to do its part in the general service promptly and efficiently. It was estimated, when you were last in session, that, to put the road in all respects in thorough working condition, it would be necessary Tor the State to contribute from half a million to seven hundred thousaud fiollari. The aid, so tar extended, really exceeds very little tho sum of three hundred thou sand dollars. It will probably be necessary to add to this sum two hundred aud fifty thousand dollars, being an aggregate of five hundred and fifty thousand dollars, moderately exceeding the smallest estimate. To make this furtSjer advance, you have already pro vided the means. There hangs, however, over the road a heavy debt to the United States Government, contracted in the purchase of supplies and railroad property by the provisional superintendent, for the payment of which a year iienee tbe faith of the State is pledged. The State of Georgia has a claim upon that Government for the u*e and occupation of the road and its rolling stock, aud other items, which may or may not be so far liquidated and acknowledged, by that time, as to be set off against that indebtedness. Every effort will be made to effect a full and amicable settlement, which will east; the State of this burden; but, in any event, the faith of the S.ate must be kept. Looking to the contingency of tbis payment having to be mvde, if ft be thrown upon the road no reliance can be placed upon it for revenue to meet tbe current expenses of the Government during the year upon w hich we have just entered. The precise amount of this debt has uot been ascertained, in consequence of a failure to deliver some of the cars purchased. But, deducting from tie whole amount of the invoice pay ments made, the remainder will exceed somewhat four hundred thousand dollars. It authority be given the Executive to make pay ments upon this debt from time to time, out of any money in tho Treasury not otherwise appropriated, (failing all efforta at settlement,) it may be arranged in the course of the year, and the amount of Interest meantime gradually reduced. My belief is that if the net profits from the road be even fidr. the sum esti mated by the Comptroller General to arise from that source may be deducted and this debt discharged, without creating a new loan. I ooucur in the suggestions of the Superintendent, relative to tho inadequacy of the salaries of the Trea surer and Auditor. If the ability and skill required to fill those offices properly, and the amount of labor and responsibility attending them be considered, it would seem very clear that the present salaries, in times like these, are not compensatory. I request the General Assembly to give just consideration to this subject. During tbe existence of the war authority was given to the Superintendent to issue change bills for a stated amount. Of these there are now outstanding from seventy-five to eighty thousand dollars. That the holders of these change bills are entitled to payment by some rule, can scarcely be questioned. They were not issued with any view to aid in the war, but to re lieve the road and the people from one tot the incoa- venieuces of the war—the difficulty of making change. FoPtbis purpose they were interchanged with Con federate treasury notes in settlements, and the ques tion is, whether they should be redeemed at ti*eir nominal vi'lue or at the then value of confederate notes, (on the level of which they stood,) at the time of their issue, or on what other scale ? It ia a small matter, but the Superintendint, wishing to do what is right, las lelt some embarrassment. There is little doubt that they have been to a considerable extent counterfeited, and. therefore, their payment in cur rency at some eet value would be much safer than their absorption for fare or freight on the road. The matter ia submitted for your determination. THE LUNATIC A9YLUH. '‘One of the most grievous evils to which onr rice Is subjected ia the deprivation of human reason. The greatest alleviation of thia terrible malady ia found in the establishment of asylums for the stricken, wham their wants are cared lor, their evil propensities and their power for mischief controlled and their disease skilfully treated. Georgia has established one of these institutions, devised by advanced civilization. It is m successful operation; is. I believe, wef! managed, and is dispensing a noble charity to the indigent, and a more than compensatory blessing to the wealthy, whose misfortunes bring them fto iti doors. The re port of the Superintendent and Resident Physician will be before you, advising you in detail of its condi tion and management, its wants aud susceptibility of improvement Your com mi tree# of scientific profes sional men and financier* will look into these subjects with more capacity to enlighten you than I can bring ACADEMY TOR TBE Ia the exercise of toe General Areemblr. I ha. to be re-opened. Had i« been in ; tett it a dirty so to continue tt. state of auapMuien, it would dowMeoa'hCTain quired prompt pecuniary aid to enable it to reonoto it* function*. HetantiLouaT late period cooMsuch sid have been«— J - u - J jq —mi unit ultimo te- nrOMilftito flees! embarrassments rmeelnfi enisi tin Mate. I treat, however, toaiaz tbooomjaaaesweret of another year, this may ba done, and tint It will bo tin pleasure at the General Assembly to prortde fcr it. This is another of too** great haWaalterlaa atiter- prisee which, haring been Undertaken by the State, abqwld not bo.aficred either tefhUorin taogUtah . IMDVtWAL t—Ht - ' The failure to agricultural jnwnita dazing Dm yonr 1888.~resalting to part from toe in disposition to steady labor of tan free dm en. but «MHy Bom — seasons, bat doubtless ex cnee upon toe energii to bn hoped tost they . rise shove despondency. It should be . aasirnfd ttart delta* of tosee cause, will prove eontinoios. It tha sail come ocuseouttvaly, in tke tmmUekUty. The next may reward the husbandman wtth abundant Nor should the people of the South yield readily to discouragement in regard to tbe labor ot the negro in his new sterna. All reflecting tetnda cannot Ml to perceive that the first effect of sudden m» unrated on. must be unfavorable to his wMl-doing and to hia well- befog. Unaccustomed to caring ler btmselfi ha la prone to believe that the freedom with, which he has been invested involve* freedom froriX ‘labor, which was, in his eyes, the distinctive trait in the condition of slavery. It is not to be expected that he would, at once, reason correctly aa to his surroundings and prelect*,!* adopt BTMRPtiy M» tnseotalngof toe late proprietory race. Experience aloqn.can teach him tiidoa, and what he?teaching will be la not a sot£ set of speculation; we all know what that win bn. In addition to all this, there Is abundant eridaoce that he has indulged most extravagant and unfounded expectations of benefits to be conferred upon him by toe Federal Government. He ha* expected from that sauce n fren grant dr land In Us own right, miff ha* been indisposed to cultivate tho land at atoms. If driven fern by present necessity, ha hoe regarded It as ntomporery expedient, and went to work predis posed to shirk it. Tima will dissipate these delusions. It would bn both just and kind to watt for and to as sist his awakening from them. Many who hue har ried into courses of vice and crime, will probably prove irreclaimable. These mttet he committed ton jbst and impartial administration of the taw, as is practiced with the virions of onr own race. But the great mass of these people, under good influences, may be made useful to themselves sad to toe coon- try. The planting interest to Georgia can never again be what it has been. Few, If any, will be able to prehe- cate it on as Urge a scale as some hare dene ia toe oast. But agriculture mast contiua* to be the Industrial pursuit of the State. The return of pority wilTonly be retarded by inconsiderate aba meat of it under a feeling of despondency. So fhr| as toe great step]* for export is concerned, many probably be surprised at the pecuniary results, efeu iu this disastrous year. The price of the article wifi be more than three fold that of the average ot former years, whilst the product, to weight, will be fully i third of that realised in those yrere. W* cannot rive the same consolation, to the full extent, rag tog the provision nop. That will tall short of the quantity required to subsist to. people of the State; and whilst those who combined with it toe cultivation of cotton will be abundantly ahlato sup ply the deficiency, toe poorer classes, who were never accustomed to prodnoe more than a livelihood, will be greatly straitened. But each ban bmn always their experience under like circumstances, srd they must be helped, at heretofore, by those toon fcvored. Surely it will be so. Especially should ton creditor class tavor the debtor thus unfortunately situated. He who, under such circumstances, wool* ooecoe pay ment, by legal compulsion, beyond his positive necessities, would be a monster, even tar ton family of Mammon. . , ,., Good policy and wise forecast undoubtedly require diversity of pursuits. Resources, other than agri cultural, woicb are abundant in Georgia, should bs developed. And these are ttttoe who have pecuniary ability, without adaptation to husbandry; and others who have brain, or Done and muscle, or all combined, who have neither land nor the mesne of purchasing it, to whom these other fields of enterprise are especially inviting. But agriculture is at - last the leading and the most desirable purauit, and those hav ing experience in it, or adaptability to it, combined with the possession of tbe land or tha means to purchase it, should struggle^with all possible energy mrui persistence to overcome ’all obstacles to success. In view of material prosperity, the most gloomy picture of these gloomy times ia productive land lying fallow.- Let all holders ol arable land cultivate the freedman. in ordt-r that he may cultivate the soil, to the great advantage of both parlies. And it, at last, he prove u ii tractable and unavailable, let the pauper papulation of other countries be sought after. But, come what may. let our broad acres be tilled. There lig*, for ua, foe broadest, aud deepest and most re liable source of subsistence and of wealth. Whatever the General Assembly can do to enoourage and foster this branch of industry, I earnestly urge upon them. They are thenoaelves chiefly of thia riasa. and may be supposed to comprehend its wants. At the same time, doubtless, they will be disposed to do all they can le gitimately to promote the introduction and develop ment of other industrial pursuits. rilleatveiy moderate tore, la making brick in the Puritantiar/ brick yard, la quarrying granite, w' ■ - may bnwntftaltoton Stan, or nieab1e._ Butts nwmh.. toe nnsns in) it flogs ao rapidly—ton diffi culty of employing thran sod the incidental expense Itaiw disproportion striy. If the peHey of throw- lug them upon toe bands, ot toq Executive ba bob- timied. tt is indtepenaibly neoresary tint some re*u- u|ar continuing public worth. .odaptad to towe “JJf- ^tongrel^^^taem^dUBte^ employmeBtupoa ThTpubUo need# of toe reverel asking brick for the erection of court and to kfiltang *«*«#;'*• n*d« tot their employment, to every county, which, with good management, could be made highly advauta- geoae toil. Nothing mere is wanting than a ipfrit of enterprise and improvement. Tbe roads and bollgm of the State, with rare etteptions.aro proverbi ally bad. In many otagtltaiiouta hsonre are wanted: and, in a vast majority, sate and commodious jails. R«s is aa opportunity to command ‘free labor for such useful purposes. > Many shrink from it, bacons* in too beginning, tbe laborers are too few to be profi tably employed. Bat. to* todladtioas ‘ are; that thia would b. o«riy temporary. An efficient gang .onon, made up wonld undoubtedly be maintained aa regards numbers. Wnsra ti beenmn naamaift provision might bn mode for consolidating toe gangs of two or three adjoining . arnica, end working them alter nately to the oue •'7‘ tae other. After much reflection and a little experience, lam satisfied of toereo things, lag That Owing to the-short terms of punishment, no general system of btete em ploy mem t ot these oonvtcta can be devised which wilt at all compensate fox the axpsnea of transporting, sub sisting and guarding them. 23. That the employment of ttw” in the countries where convicted can be made to relieve toe planting interest generally of an oner ous public sarvtae, (the wortrtng of roads) and to everv • ray largely bepefleial to tha eonntiea. Id. That noti ng short oflegal compulsion will induce the dourteof the counties to wnherfc to tbs enterprise. HTfata subject, to myjodgmeot, demands the serious consideration at the General Assembly. tog to provide either etementdnr. education for too mam, or to afford facilities for obtaining such higher aud more extended knowledge s* will enable tbeir youth, passing Into manhood, to master in due time difficult problems to political economy and in state policy trill assuredly tall behind to toe competition of States and nations for superior development. Prvtndices which to former times found voice in otrr legislative assemblies against liberal education, we jjgSIB3!iSsa54^.S5«®' $3,680,000 The assumption of the Federal tax not permitted, and ita suspension having disp«n«»fi tha necessity for such assumption, the bonds designed for this purpose, though engraved, have not oson executed, and are deposited in the Stodto foatGovermnent." This resource can be ap- covercd, however, by the mortgage on toe Western ^ no oorpose whatever, and toe question educated eons, in til departments of public employ ment, not to see clearly how largely her future proa- nerttv and sreatoess depend upon toe enlightenment Smb£ JSteg^reti^mieUird clause of the fifth motion second article Of the Constitution, clearly iit- diralea’that, to tb* opinion of the Convention of 18t>5, the nreeant endowment of the University of Georgia i, inadequate to ita neceaaitie*. Mtodtolrf to-se rious losses our people have recently eu.tamed, and to^temporerv deprmsi on of their material interests, vfoibeararging you at tbi* time to tocreaae toe en dowment, iy object to adverting to toe subject now ia to congregate you and jamJ=o“»ti*ii«®da ^upon tha rood uae which to being made of ta* limited aid here tofore aud a till extended to thia venerable institution, and to ask that her past and present usefulness bc^m- Mfited aa in eameetof toe fruit that may be anhet- pated from a larger endowment to more prosperous There 1b, however, s measure by which too nssf'ri- ness of toe University may be greatly increased, and S great public trust, now devolved upon toe Getmral Assembly, Judiciouslj executed, without imposing any burden upon our Impoverished people. A. '“ge «■*- tent of public lend* belonging to tho United States torn been, by an act of Congress, devoted to thve«tal>- lishmont of agricultural colleges to toe several States. At vour last session yon accepted, for toe purpose in dicated. such tend as might be allotted to Georgia un- S?to*t act, and your acceptance has born oommuui. oer tils, SOS j ... rm,!a nuuninv ran be Itv nlied to no other purpose whatever, ana im arises how it can be moot advfintogeously employe ! SXi ir a separate independent institution be e* taWJahed, much expense must be incurred, which gsSa.’gssatflgafSfflg SSktatetB* j£SE*“l2to wta toe' object^contend nbiijid tafthe establishment of tbe University oT Geor- I 2i t ?ky£ahthemeana tor ita full development have gia, though the There are now connected vrith ment of agricultural chemistry, a BUM institution, and a* fta* mnst also b* undar State **»“ recommend that the Utter be — o- __ mono of that de-. As toe University is COMMON SCHOOLS. There is no subject demanding your attention of gust* Importation to the Stela Ann that of common jldieei xdnnatiTNi Ia no targe a population than must always be* con- •Uscable number to whom, without Government aid, area elementary edotatitta moat over remain forbid- dsn fruit. If then* ba regmdwt tiiaply ta thairiadta ai deration your serious deliberation. .. Xtae Code requires tost persons of color shall be admitted into tas institution; but another section of the same Code enjoins it at an imperative duty on the Superintendent to keep pa tients of the white and African races separate, a pro vision founded ta the wisest military pahfly. Iain to- formed by the Superintendent and Resident Fhysi- sian that with the present accommodation* and plan of the 'bonding, and toe number of white patients there and likely to be there. It ia impossible to comply with both requirements of the Code. Something must be done for the enlargement of toe building, or colored neonl* mnet be excluded continuously from it The tatter alternative, allow me to my, should not be con templated for a moment The information brought tome induces theheUef that this fearfulmgady is on toe increase among that people. HwWWW accus tomed to be cared for; themselves uncaring, they have been free from very many anxieties and reapensibili- Ses, wbich'Oftefl harass and craze thorn in‘higher social position. How. suddenly, after many year* of irresponsible, uneollciton. lifo. toey find toemmlvea invested with the boon of freedom oinpled wito the burthens of aelf-pressrvation ana family npovMon, whilst their evil propensities, previously kept in check bv wholesome borne government, are left unbridled. Among them insanity most assuredly will increase. Heretofore when it has occurred, borne provision has been made for it, but boa.e. such **_toey onre.en- iotvd rcmztas to them no longer. Will the State Abandon them to all the miseries, suffering* aud perils atieutiou .istosreeeUr requested to U. ■> - 2. Tbe AC ADMIT. FOR THE BLIND. THE PENITENTIARY. The Penitentiary ot the State has been this year passing through a trying ordeal Subjected during toe war to the torch of an invading army; at tbe com mencement of the present political year it was to i state of great dilapidation—scarosly an available tone ment on toe premises, its workshops destroyed, the large cell-building roofless, and otherwise Injured— everything wearing the aspect of ruin, with no fends and few convicts to aid in the work of reconstruction. The appropriation made for repairs and for support of the institution was, iu my estimation, very inadequate to its necessities. Yet, I think those who will charge themselves with personal inspection will find that, by- economy, energy, and a wise nsa of limited means, very much has been accomplished to the way of reno vation. The cell-building, essential to lha safekeep ing of toe inmates, has beau put to excellent condi tion; some workshops have been constructed; the tannery and shoe manufactory have beau put to good working order; a targe eating-room, with kitchen and smoke-house appurtenant, has bean built de nooo; the barracks for the guard here bean made not only habitable, but comfortable; the steam engine ha* been repaired and made subsidiary to many use ful purposes, and the defrrta of the fire has disap peared. There remain ruin* net removed, because susceptible, at moderate expense, of useAU renova tion. Ana Georgian, I regret to wMwa*£*ovi deuce of it* prosperity aa an institution, viz: the targi increase in the numb* of it* inmates. I willingly bear testimony to tha fidelity red shinty” with which the principal keeper and hie eaeietanta hare dis charged their duty. The report of the former win be before you. Your committees will scrutinize it, in spect the premises, and look Into the general man agement of the institution. I deem it Decenary to re iterate the views presented to you in my first mas sage relative to its continuance as a State Institution, and tbe extension to it of such fostering ear* aa its necessities may require. In conformity with* resolution of tha General As sembly. Messrs. Howell Cobb, Mark A Cooper and John H. Fittan, were appointed commimionere to •■examine'and report npon the propriety at removing tbe present Feniianttery end locating Mabewbare, or of establishing an additional on*." Their report baa not yet been received, but I am informed, win be toen presented. When received, it will be trenemit- ted; and until then I reserve any other views I may desire to present on this subject. THE CHAIR GANG. Bv an act of the GrtteMT Assembly entitled -An act to alter aud amend the Penal-Code of Georgia," ap- craved 20th of March, 1866, a large number of offences previously treated he iemales were rednoed below that grade, and were m*de puniaheble, to toe discre tion of the Judge, by sentence “to work to a chain gang." And by another act entitled "An Act to regu- 1-n the sene of convicts taherlhg spaa public works, end to define the power* and dntlesof the Infe rior Court and Governor of the State touching tha mme aud for other purposes thereto mentioned," (approved on tba aamedeyj It was leftdiacretkmary with the In terior Courts of tbe several counties to employ snob convict* on the public works of tha county, or to re port them to the Governor, to b* otherwise employed. When so reported. U was made tha duty of the Gov- eruor to tend a guard for them, and to employ them diligently on the Western aud Atlantic Railroad, or npon such other public work* or toiprtreemente aehe might judge to the bast interest of thejMam, and as shall bmt subserve the ends of justice, gantaneae of as. character have been very numerous and In near ly an cases, the Inferior frmiti, destining ta employ them to the counties whereto they ware convicted and sentenced, have reported thorn to tbe Executive. The performance of this duty has been attended with greet difficulty, embarrassment and expanse. I early examination into the practicability at am* ploying these convicts safely and advantageously on the Western and Attatitifl Railroad, and hecamd thor oughly satisfied although such tabor might be very profitably used to tile construction of a railroad where there were excavation* and embankments ta lie meder it wa* entirely unadopted to any work to ba done on a railroad ffntahed and in operation, too** dinary employment, as depot ortf-tol hands, or track men, or In any other work of which they are capable, thev require more freedom st action and more disper- ai*n then would »• ‘compatible with aeoum ooattoe- meut. without eeweojtog tamort:m “2£“£,“ (ttfftffiSgWMSSKSSfe h,.«ta£e long shutout from light of day-rom. of Whom never enjoyed Ita ^pton-reedtogflaentiy mid accurately from the Word of Life, or from unto- extendedtonuffi sufferers, and tbe naaahex ef. bosks Sapted to their, nae mnltllJM, hnwwlde afield of sfasKHsaastss!; KsaasSg my. There are efinptabreiM which they ere entirely manTtbuxiM^R <* m * kin « * livehhood.who moat mini-ini’-• -~>a charity. Such instruction ta to tide institution, greatly ta credit af the msaegmepeud Ine otherwise depend now being Hu] doending to' SESn&jKgSff 4 *** Bdetmtion I commend the institution. laborer*. That, therefore, was not available; There areno established public work*, except within tha wataeof tha Btnltenttary. Where mechanical arte are chiefly proaeaatad. Wot thare, tha teat ot ponleh ment uMtalypreacribed folr ehato-gate convict* ta too short, and in foots convicts •entcncaa for felonies qmi he more profitably craplayeifof thaM^aaodfg tfaemielm The expense ot transporting them to me eertof from the **at of goyenemenl to p opanty.iR from l f . fee a single Aato-^ffiff eeiivirai an month has to be ssnt to the same or aa . . . another, and, parhagta neither may have mood for more then sixty days. brought here there are these difficulties. I nHH pubhc aarvieTmore or lees cloeely wlthj lions of the Penitentiary. TUs mad* the ft tion cheaper, blew* often the mme ftinHffi bring cauvicu ef felonies end eonylstn of mtadtaMan- a^VnStntbeweMeaf tbePtatteMMylherettao found taStegm end -der to coatee them at night; -ffidv to the renttentiirT I have mured tt to^H mnd. and hare charted that Institution with At I thsaamt Hbm I have been compelled tol^mmm it «t aHng.-gaariMnrf and a » ■ • thi‘ ao-cnlled ultimatum ol tha radical*, so etrgn* uouely urged upon the kUo aeoadad Bute# as the terme of raooustruction, will bo re garded a* a final adjustumt. The amend- meat in not offered bf Cougreee In that view. Congreee hag at no time ghrau any pledge to the South that the adoption of tba pro- poeod amendment would bg followed by Urn admimion of Southern repraaeutativoain that Tbe question presented to the South- lent people ia (imply whether they -will rat ify a hostile mid huiulUkilngpmunriin—I, and trust to the mercy of n Radical Congrem afterwards. Tba World give*, Ita. re mom why tbe South ought not aq to wd- Itagyai : It win further serve to otaer thta^ieetico of fr. relevancies. If w* consider the potation In whioh It Will stand, if the South, with steady aanfstaaafe re jects the amendment. Supposingth*Baduiela made here to tbrir present policy, the OMba would, la that case, remain permanently dissolved—* oousrquauM which the soundest part of every northern communi ty earnestly deprecates, lb the | “ MAIMED SOLDIERS. Considerable delay has. I regret t» say, attended the completion of arrangements for the supply oi artificial limbs to maimed, soldiers. Ho general to convenience, however, has resulted from it, in'eeuee queuceof tardiness to returns made to toe Comp- trailer General; less than one hundred applications having been made by the first of September, of which one-fourth were informal, sod only about one-half too counties havirg been yet heard from. I appointed re a board ot surgeons to examine —lecimene ot various patents which were put in com petition tor toe work ordetpd by ttieff General As sembly, Dm. L. A. Dugas, H. ,H. Steiner aud L. D. Ford, of Augusta, having personal knowledge or their professional attain meats sad skill, and believing tbs' the examinations and consultations could be made with more deliberation and less delay by selecting those resident to the same place. A — 11 was also made through the gazettes, as di rected to the act, for proposals from manufacturers exhibiting specimens, which elicited quite a number. Considering together these proposals, the report of the attrgeona npon the relative merits of toe limbs submitted to their examination, aud the directions given in the first section of the act aa a guide to tbe Executive, it was very qlestly my duty to accept toe offer of Dr. Douglass Bly. To him, therefore, the con tract was awarded, and it has been duly executed; bo naming Macon as the centisl pqtat where ihe limbs were to be fltt-d. The price of these limbs will be seventy dollars for each lag and for each arm where tbe amputation was above the elbow, and forty dollars here ft w*» mads below that joint The report of the Comptroller General will Inform you of tha whole number of applications that nave been made and of the probable total. The stun re quired to supply allappUcanta who bring themselves within the provision* of the BOt, wffl probably some what exceed the appropriation made, but U will doubt less be your pleasure to increase It so as to leave none destitute. Adequate Information will probably be as your command to time to set. From information collected. I am satisfied that tbe benefit lob* derived tar the wearer of this admirable Invention, will depend mainly upon himself. Early experience in the use ot tho moat perfect and beat adapted artificial limb will be disappointing, but pro- par caution and perseverance will eo familiarize tbe wearer with tie action, aa to make if speedily a won derfully ueefal substitute for the lost member. It is to be hoped that the brave men who have Buffered mutilation wilt, by the exercise of patience, car* and persistence, deriVe all the benefit you have designed for them. CORN APPROPRIATION. After oareful inquiry I became satisfied that corn could be moat advantageorely supplied to the destitute under tb* appropriation of the last session by sending an agent to the Northwest, and that fit. Louis was the beet point for his operations. Colonel Maddox was accordingly appointed and dispatched eo soon aa the necessary funds could be obtained. Through the lib erality ot companies engaged to transportation l>y steamboat and railroad between St. Louie and Chatu- nooga, half freights only were charged for bringing thia corn to the western terminus oi the SUte road— which enabled me to expend in the pdrebase at least (36,000 more than could otherwise have been done, The different railroad companies of tbis State, with tKaie accustomed public spirit in the furtherance of good works, have done their part in the transportation with promptness and fidelity, free of charge. To avoid delay, I appointed Cokmta Peterson Thweatt, agent to receive the corn st Chattanooga and to distri bute it to toe counties, thus carrying on the purchase and distribution simultaneously. The Superintendent and other officers and agents of the Western and Atlantic wyi——i have also material ly aided toe operation. The purchasing and distri .u- ting agents have displayed a high degree of business capacity, promptneee, and fidelity in the discharge . f their duties. The result ia. the purchase and distrib ution to reund numbers of 185,100 bushels of corn, being four and a half bushels to each beneficiary re ported, at a coat (all expenses included a Uttle less than one dollar per basheL There ere some items uot yet reported, which prevents a more precise state ment, but when all expenses shall have been pa d, there will remain to the Treasury, of this appropria tion, about (15,000. Report* of toe agents accompany thia communication. I cannot dose this subject (relief to tbe destitute and euBering people of Georgia) without making thia public acknowledgment of cartsin noble benefactions nom the charitable of other But** (pertly to provi sions and pertly in money), which hare been and are being distributed through my teatrumenttUty. Iu them munificent ohrrities the noble women of our country hare, as usual, been the chief actors. Ladles* Southern ReMef Ateneletieue of Baltimore, of St. Jo seph, Mo., end of Woodford, Ky : the Florissant Southern Relief Association of St. Tiouta, Mo., and citizens of St. Louis, Mo., acting through acommiUee, are the doere of them good works. We can give them only our poor thank*. May he who is love, and who loveth s cheerful giver, bestewopon them e better re- PUBLIC BCILDlHaS AND GROUNDS. The Sate Mouse hm been re-roofed, and. I trust, _Mde secures^met lukege; And the legislative hails have been renovated. Water has been introduced into the building, and arrangements are in progress to ligkt the hall* with gas, both of whioh improvements wul tend to dimtolsh the risk of fire to the building. The cupola ta represented to be to an Unsafe condi tion. requiring some repairs which could not be made with the existing appropriation. For this reason I have not had the clock repaired which stands wuhtu it. and could not be expected to run well until those repairs shall here beeh made. Tbe Executive Man sion baa been put in secure and eorofbrtabl* order; but, owing 1o the high prices of furniture, material, labor aud freights, and the discovery of greater de cay and dilapidation than was anticipated, the acDroDriatlon proved insufficient for the objeet, and tot i iiamltm ttsrr paid out of the oonttngaat fund, of which, notwithstanding other unexpected drafts unon it. thare remains a considerable unexpended bJ- sire. I refer you. for detatlpdrepoctaad suggestions to tilt accompanying report of foa tnnioaer in exhcchte derabtmrrt, My experience in this Department induce* thelbe lief that two Secretaries will be adequate to Ita busi ness. I dtapanetd wtofttbe eereiemiff the add! Ham Secretary employed during raw **“[?“ T “7 soon after yonr adjournment;' If, however, the dntimhe performed by two,** I,think they ess be by tbe present efficient incumbents, their tabors will be atdweae; and thta, legatBer witli tke verrgreal ploying two repehta ta oretertae. with good mtaitafe rather than three tarn competent, at lower salaries. Their duttm are ataoezeettog, and! do not admit of uniting other avooatioas with thorn. CONCLUSION- Whilst our political relations are to unsettled, and eo taw gimme of hope come ta us from the future, are slew things eepeetiDy toaaanbsot upon us. It bteomm ua to cultivate among ourselves U tty of feeUog, ot oplntea; end of salon; unity smeag the people, unity among the Departments of foe Oarer omen t. 3d. Our Interest limln emkewiag political excite. Btcnt. studiously avoiding all conflict with aothorltiea on chosen by ns, bet plaeed ever -ns, and employing aw active energies m rebuilding onr own waste pbueo, and developing ow neglected resources. Whilst ethers nieinJwrangleovarephemmel hsua, tat us ba busy with the real, abiding concerns of life. Thus total we anwg* from this period of ostracism, wiser, more thxtrtn* andmowrrepectedthan ever. 3d. It behooves us, above ail. to keep ourselves to Ifopm retail nn“rr1tlf*"- of dm Uni verse. To this end. tote rightsud proper that, cm * day«»I>tMF«»to»ta». i °*ww^i i! i^e tffiouMrinml. tion of the Un.on the country will Barer omnenli When, tharafore, R shall be mads to appear that the Union cannot be restored by extnrung from tha South ratifications tt Vould not freely glv*. a reaction will >et to against the 1U<Iirate Tha only doubts w« feel on this point resnlt from tha debauching effect of the love of office, and tha Impatient desire of Im mediate success which distinguishes mere politicians from forecasting statesmen. But if the bmt minds of (he South have sufflelent firmness to withstand aU hlandiakmonta offered to permaal emMtinn, no blag ta more certain than a Northern reaction agatoat the Radicals. The favorite el set! rsi soring trick by whioh- Honhem voters are now milled ta a pretended probability that the South will eempt the amendment m the shortest method of restoration. Them deluded voters desire speedy reavoretlogi So long as they consider this the most promMeg method, th y will favor to But when they discover It to ba futile, they will be none tha lam impatient for, restoration; and the Union sentiment of Ole oountry, like * stream dammed up to uae ekennel. will ewell and rlaa, aud presently overdo# Into tb* other. W* may therefor* dismiss; m not property belong! eg to the controversy, the assumed fixity of Honhem aaetiment ou wbiah the advice proffered to the South Is made to hinge. A ooint of considerable totenet to toe South, (to which the World'can speak wito more authority than any other Northern journal, ta tor poe.tioo of tha Northern Democracy iu respect to the amendment. If the Democratic party of toe North should commit .itself to the smeadmeak thereby making the North’ unanimous in demanding ite ratification, such una nimity could not be disregarded by tb* South to da- termininz it- own course. Within the last lew weeks webs;,. ..inch pains end no small solicitude, at tempted u> t,-ugo the sentiment of the party on thia point. The result is a conviction that the Northern Democracy will never indorse tbe amendment a* s condition of restoration. Our confident assurance on this point cannot, oerbapa, be very easily communi cated to the booth. It rests upou a various and rate- celluueuu* intercourse, which it ta quite impossible tu exhibit to detail. Our statement of ite drift must reel upon our credit as observer*. Bat there ere corrobo rating circumstances of such broad notoriety that they . cannot have escaped Soutbera attention. AU to* moat prominent candidates of the party, to the recant and the pending elections, urn Democrats whose poaitton is to no respect ambiguous. There are man who think, perhaps Justly think, that ow low to Mato* aud our talluro t* carry Feuuzyivahia were owing ta tbe uncompromising character of ow candidate* fbr Governor. The tact that to* party refused to have anything to do with trtouaera, end preferred to inauff all the baserda of a straight-out fight, is a conspicuous proof that it is not demoralised by e truckling regard for expediency. The nomination of Mr. Hoffman In this bute.in preference to a oemllilale having ao many just claims aa General DU, must bs ooustdared as another proof of to* mural rigor and Inextin- gnisbabto vitality of toe petty. The Hweld, toe Time* the Boat and to* Cammerrtel Advertiser would all have supported General Six. Whether tb* Demo cratic perry acted wiaeir or unwisely In foregntof toe advantage of stub support, U must at least be sonos- dad that its' decided prebrenee for Mr. HoCnas be- mkens aa indamtoMa eaorey ef eaurietton. wblsb will not permit tbe tone of tbe party to be lowered on fun damental questions Evm if President Joirasoa •hould change which we ooncelv* to be morally lapoeU bis tha Northern Democracy will eteadftstly refuse to oo-opa- rase with foeRadloalsls iisklBfl tbs siffiaafloa of tba South depend on it* ratification of to* amendment The South, therefore, is not celisd span to decide whal it would do lf the unanimous North instated on rati, fleation m the condition of reunion. In Pennsylva nia, a protectionist State in which oar candidate for Governor was an extrema Democrat the Radical ma jority was onlv four par cent of tha .total vote. A change of one voter in twentj-flvs would have given us. instead of tha Radicals, tha 11,060 majority. A change of sides by on* voter in fifty would aqualta* tbe two parties to that State. W* cannot adria* tha South to despair, when so slight a change would re instate it in all its rights. Looking forward to ita permanent interests, tha South has for more to gala by preserving the Consti tution in iu entlreuew, than by a minority represen tation in Congress. A Congres tonal minority osa carry no measure; it mu interpose no effecte d pro. tictioa. The South, even with aa unreduced repre sentation. wonld he ooweriew to prevent the postage of any tow hostile to Southern interests. Tha only protection remaining to minorities ta tha Constitution. It ia vital to tne preservation of their righto that tha Constitution shall not banoma to* sport of mere ma jorities to be moulded Into any shape they please. Let tbe fetal precedent ha as* that a majority of tha Stuteg may dictate amendments and compel their adoption, and the tost barrier ta broken down against Hie oppression of minorities, WaadviaatooSoataaia States not to relinquish tbeir only remaining safe guard. A reduced representation cannot prevent tb* passage of hostile laws; but while the Constitution r*i mams unaltered, each taws must be coufined wlthlR narrow limits, or tb* courts will set them aside. To exchange this solid advantage for a rednoed and un availing representation, would be to pet peer ate a great folly to enable a lew ambitious men to draw salaries as members of Congress. Better no representation with tb* pretention ef the Constitution. toM do pro tection stall. A Congressional minority ta ao obsta cle to oppressive taws; bat, until tod courts bseomg corrupt, the ursmsndnd Constitution to. If we aught take it upon us •» Idris* our (outlier* fellow-citizens, we would counsel Orta to refeetto* proposed emnsderent; to yield qelet obedtone* to ett constitutional laws; to mein tala order; to protect and encourage tha freedmen by equal law*; end to abstain as carefully from agitating question* of federal pohtteq aa if they bad no eooeara In them. Tha r only bop* of redress Is in Norths** Justin* WMeffiteareuea evident that they era determined to await tola with dignified ro*erv*;thst they wffl netthar hniallleta them selves nor dlsterb to* paaowaf tbe taunt iy; that they await tha result; an* tost nntftlgj will shahs their resolution not to be parties to their further humilia tion, the Radical* wtUb* embarrassed end mmpltueed. The odious responsibility of keeping the Patou per manently distorted will core* ham* to that party, end make It the objeet at geamel detaetatinn tt will be -een that great loyal communities, which oonaUaUF practice justice and ebay tha taws, at* deprived* righto plainly given them by tb* OonsUtmlnti. The public sentiment of the country wJH remonstrate against and redress to* wrong Tho Be fool pang could not stand two yean against to* dignity, deter mination, and reap set ite pabUs order which we re commend to tba South. We duntalm the officiate- nose of Intruded advice: for we hare ao doubt that under the format a reeommsndatton, wear* ftp rant lng what tho South will tooattnaously de af ltaow* accord. But wutrttttltta not impertinent toerprmu our opinion of ton effect such oonduct will bare an the public sentiment of the Harth. tt ta only becaas* many honest ettidteS are dated* to Mires to* Southern ratification of tt* uuodtetoi isj and may b* tha epaedtant method of l tea Radicals hare total Off tuMta 5s hi haring that, more extremity, it-ta more fitting tost tba movement be made by the Immediate representa tives of the people. I will chain fall j do your bidding Ought the treth to katiiy ta- cwmstt- Th« Kew York‘W'orlS iir<to “bl* editorial awpnaaa (fag InjwGwgiti&rw of Ulfe Herald, Time* and favored tbe Ycntloo, and are no gr«M against tbe policy, and Sender b Ajffgndmflnt. thfit tbe «Utu» groan and tbi l Moot tba ad)oc that tb* South which paper* first Cbnterrative Con- tides With Con- reconatractlon Sooth tb* rfitl- Conitltatlonal •hows not only _ too between Con- bfi* not been changed of Coogpeafi, bat tl»o CITY HAIL WAT*. • - The Charleston Courier enyi that tba ttree* railway In that city Ifi progrredog with sur prising rapidity toWRfda completion. Beane* Iy two weeks bate elapsed sfnee tbe ground win broken fct tbe corner of' Calhoun mod King afreets, and already tint track baa ad vanced to St. Michael's historic corner. “IC* ways tbe editor, "the work it to be prosecuted to the end with like eueigy, tbe stockholders may well congratulate themselves on the suc cess or tbeir project. At the rate it which tbe laying of the track is being pushed, wg may reasonkbly expect to see the cari glid ing through our streets before the Idas of December.” Ad Auguste letter in the Attonte Intell!* gencer says:—‘Tbe Auguite street railway Company baa been organised, and tbe city has granted them very lioeral terms. Tbe stock ia being readily taken, and I under stand operations will soon be commenced." ThM matter* tie programing in our aiateg cities, while we beer nothing ef late lo jp- gaird to our own street mibeeJ. * movement for tbe contraction of which mu m on foot tome twelvemonths ego. If there wta some lit tie opposition to tbe ecbeto# when fiat propoa ed we believe that mw Ottlm, If any, now ex ists and we feel cooHd—t that If the work mu promptly pushed forward to completion tbe rtni would not oojyb* regardpd by our dttaena generally as * gyp* pqblic conve nience, but toMmo be remuaotitltato tbe stockholders. —ThfrVenffiedt Moanotdsstba bill# IgUQflgpi^ -8fl$|difl£ V) ,; t?qx3.