Newspaper Page Text
POBTST.
Vie following iiiiofl are from a Cadet at West Point,
hrv are highly poetical—the idea of the nccond slanz..
irtioularly fo—even thougli the allusion to cypres*
-•n'rilf be not very accurate in point of fact(A". York
Itiuricvi.
VINES ON THE DTATI! OF Ot.'Ii CO.MMANDER-IN'CHIEF.
Why swells the minute peal ?
And why these tears by lofty manhood shed ?
The spirit of the vacant one hath fled
Its home of clay, for one where pain and dread
It never more may feel.
Go where the laurels bloom,
And if a flower is there unfolded now,
Twine it with tendrils of the cypress bough,
\nd place the wreath around tin victor’s biow,
Mei t tho emblem of his doom.
Where did the warrior fall f
Not where the hollow war-blast thundered by,
Not ’mid the ranks where rung the battle cry,
Nut where the charger rear’d his proud treat high,
Whore bung the deadly bail.
Net on the battle ground,
Where slept the fallen on their gory bed,
J .iheedcd by their friend’s foemarTs tread,
With broken plumes, and Inb-hions dyed with red,
And banners scattered round.
Cchidc his bed of death,
pence sat with olive-branch within her hand,
With which she ever and anon the victor fann’d,
As if she would recall life’s fleeting sand,
And stay his patting breath.
Around his couch of pain.
The hitter tears of weeping kindred fell,
And stifled groans were heard, ant! sobs which te ll
The anguish deep to part from olio lov’d well,
To never meet again.
Many a kindling eye,
That «ft hath brightened at this Hero’s name,
Will lose its lustre when the trump of fame
Shall oVr the land his sud'uing fate procluim,
Alas that the brave must die!
rr.oM the united states* review.
Whence art then, wied of the brilliant sky,
Passing with voice of gladness by l
] |;i-i thou been to a bright and happy clime,
O'er the wide and restless main,
!‘o a region that feels no touch ot tune,
A land without guilt or stain ?
Hast thou swept on thy wind, so wild and free,
O’er the Isles of tho Southern se a.
Where the flowers arid the leave* yield a rich perfume,
And the woods live on, in deathman bloom 1
jay ! hast thou been in thy freedom tm re,
Where mirth is not touched by the Might of care f
“I have been to those far, delicious isles,
And have whispered to dcatlib «s flowers ;
Put know, that ilie summer not always smile*
On the bu«h of those f?»ry bowers.
I have seen ili ir green wood* grow old and die—
All Hpoilr-J of their gorgeous panoply ;
And have witnessed their bridal dta s, red
With the blood of the martyr’d bride :
And have seen the joyous glow wild with dreed,
Am! perish side by side.
{fli there is not a haunt 1:1 the distant dirnr
Unstricken by death, unstained by crime.”
T II me, bright clouds of the sunny air,
Where is that land that hath no care !
Tar have ye wandered o’er the sea and earth.
And surely ye know the home of mirth t
Tar have we been in our paths of light
Over ocean, and vale and hill,
And !iav.> looked on the world horn our fearful height,
And have gazed on its good and ill;
Wc have seen tho green vale at close of day,
I.io calm in its innocent sleep;
And again have beheld in the morning,
Its children go out and weep;
Tor the plague had tainted the air’* sweet breath,
Ami tho men of the vale were struck with death.”
Tell me, pale queen of the stilly night,
And ye star* from your throne* of light,
Where are there hearts like thy pure sky,
Where man is not horn to die f
" We have brightened at eve, and grown dim at morn,
Through the lapse of untold years,
And know that the nation* of incu are born
To perish in grief and trnis.
SVr have seen the worshipped grow faint and gray,
We have *crn the good and the wiso
And the henutitiil silently pass away,
An a cloud in autumn skies.”
^h ! it is not for man, frail child of care !
To live, as the stars live, without a change;
The wind is oft hushed in the stirring air,
And the cloud is oft stayed in its onward range,
And man is oft hornn, in his prime of ycais,
Jo the old, still dust, with many tears.
FROM THE SATURDAY EVENING POST.
VISIT TO Tin; SUAKF.KS AT NEW LEBANON.
On the evening of the 22nd of July, 1826,
we arrived at Lebanon Spring, and took lodg
ings at the Hotel kept by Mr. Kerr, probably
the most oxtensivs house of entertainment in
tho United States. The following morning
wc aroso early to breathe the pure mountain
air and to take a more particular view of this
delightful spot. The Hotel buildings and spriug
ire upon the side of tho mountain, the ascent
of which is steep, and somewhat fatigueing.
The whole Country around is mountainous
and truly picturesque, and the soil remarkably
good, as may be fairly deduced from the cir
cumstances of a considerable tract of land iu
this vicinity being occupied by a large frater
nity of that singular people, tho United Socie
ty of Believers, better known by the name of
Shakers. Having hoiiio weeks before visited
another branch of this Society at Watcrvieit,
and having had no opportunity of witnessing
their mode of worship, our journey had been
' purposely so arranged, os to onable us to spend
part of a Sabtftth among these (self acknow
ledged) strango people. Accordingly, after
breakfast, wc walked leisurely, (surrounded by
tho most beautiful scenery that a romantic tra
veller could desire,) about two miles to the
Lebanon Shaker settlement. The impres
sions made by the adventures of this morning
were so strong, and by their novelty at least
rendered rather pleasing than otherwise, that I
shall indulge myself in giving a minute detail
of them.—Having reached the meeting-house
some timo before the hour of worship, we en
tered one of the dwellings, where we were
hospitably received, and were supplied with a
draught of home brewed beer. The same in
comparable neatness which had been noticed
4t Watcrvieit, was again presented to view in
every part of this house. Wc next repaired t
(ho meeting house, which is aspacious but plain
frame building. Tho whole floor, which ap
pears never to have been wet, was as clean as
a dining table, and without any incumbrance
of pews or other fixtures, excepting a narrow
gallery upon one side, for the accommodation of
visiters, to whom they are very attentive, and of
whom as the morning was fine,a large number at
tended. After waiting some time, the breth
ren and sisters began to assemble, and took
their seats upon moveable benches, at oppo
site ends of the room. Their nttire is perfect
ly in character with that neatness which ap
pears to lie the .line ijuu lion of their religion :
the women wear white dresses ol a peculiar
cut, white neck and pocket handkerchiefs, tab
caps which obscure the face, except from a
front view, and high heeled buckskin shoes.
The dress of the brethren is generally of do
mestic manufacture, hut not so uniform as that
of tho females. Many of them wore no coats,
and had their shirt sleeves confined to the arms
by green ferret. Their shoes were light, and
their lints (almost the only item of similarity
between these people, and the society of
Friends, although they are often called film-
tin" Quaker*,) are broad rimmed and low
crowned. These, as well as the plain bon
nets of the women, were laid ofT on entering
the meeting house. I cannot here avoid no
ticing a singular-phenomenon, which must be
attributed, in some form to tbeir peculiar, and
I must add unnatural privations of social mid
sexual intercourse.—Although they inhabit one
of the most delightful situations on the globe,
breathe the pure and invigorating air of the
mountains, appear to live on tho choicest of
Natures bounties, and tho majority of them
are daily employed in the healthful business of
cultivating the soil, notwithstanding all this,
they certainly are the palest and most ghastly
looking people 1 ever saw. 1 his remark ap
plies particularly to the females, of whom I
can safely uthriii, that among about one hun
dred collected upon this occasion, there wns
less colour in all their faces than may often he
seen in one florid countenance. This fact
must be admitted by all who witnessed the as
semblage of ghostly sisters, at which we were
present. When about two hundred of the So
ciety were assembled, at a silent signal given,
they arose, removed their scuts to the further
ends of the room, and (brined themselves in
opposite ranks. The meeting was opened by
a short address from an Elder, expressive of
gratitude for their preservation through the
week, and for the present opportunity for wor
ship. with a hope that it might prove profitable
to them. The spectators were then exhorted
to conduct themselves with becoming serious
ness and decorum ; with an undisguised warn
ing, that iu case of thoir misconduct or levity,
the right of government belonging to the socie-
,y would be exercised freely, and the offender
disposed of. This was followed by singing two
nr three hymns to lively music but rendered
monotonous by its admitting of no reals or in
termissions in the whole course of a hymn :
the singing was accompanied with a slight
bodily tremour on the part of a few of
the performers. After this the brethren and
sisters were requested to resume their sents,
and give room for public speaking. This hav
ing been done, a shrewd looking elderly man
ndvnnccd towards the visiters and notified them
of his intention of addressing them, and of
grounding his remarks upon “ the strangeness
of Christianity, and the consequent strange
ness of the Shakers,” whom he regarded as the
only people who adhered strictly to the princi
ples and practices of Christianity.
In the course of his illustrations, he made
several pointed ullusions to wlmt he cons!
tiered the mnl-practiccB of professing Chris
tians, particularly those of war of every des
cription, and all acinal intercourse. Many of his
arguments were forcible and logical, a propor
tion of them truly ridiculous, and some of them
calculated to cull up the blush of modesty.
Taking occasion to reprobate the prnctico of
depending upon a profession of religion he in
troduced an anecdote in point, which is too
good to be lost, and which, as l have not met
with it elsewhere, I will here relate in his own
words.—“ A certain prince in Europehad been
dubbed an Archbishop, (by-the-bye, a title
which Cod never made;) on one occasion this
titled man, in the presence of a peasant, made
use of a profane oath, which failed not to at
tract the wondering attention of the poor man.
“ What do you stare at!” enquirod the prince
“ To hear an Archbishop swear” replied the
peasant. “ Rut I swear us the prince, and not
as the Archbishop.” “ And when the prince
goes to the Devil for swearing" retorted the
peasant, ** whut do yon think will become of
the Archbishop t"—The various topics com
prehended in this discourse were too numer
ous to allow of full detail. The arguments in
support of their principles and practices were
chiclly derived from a publication recently
made under the direction of the society, enti-
tlcfl “ A summary view of the Millcnial Church
or United Society of Believers,” and in which
they will appear to n much better advantage
than in any idea which can bo given of them,
consistent with the brief character of this nar
rative. Alter speaking nearly three quarters
of an hour, lie concluded his hamnguo, and the
benches having been again removed, we learn
cd that they should next proceed to “ go forth
to worship Cod in the dance and in the exer
cise.” To describe the mnna'tivrns which sue
ccedcd, in an intelligible and accurate manner,
can hardly be expected from one who has had
but a single opportunity of witnessing them.
I should, however, compare their dances to {
drill of marches and countermarches of two
companies of well disciplined soldiers, perfor
med on tip-toe, and in a kind of half trot, sub
stituting the vociferous singing of a selected
band, with powerful lungs, sometimes with
words and sometimes without, for the martial
drum and file. These evolutions were per
formed with a regularity as pleasing as it was
surprising, each one seeming to know their
part and to act it with the exactness of veteran
practitioners. In those dances, however, the
sexes never intermingle. This was carried
on for about twenty minutes without intermis-
eion, when the singers took the centre ot tho
floor, while the rest, males and females, form*
r;d themselves into a circle around them, four
abreast, and commenced the exercise or tra
velling round the room (symbolical, as they
say, of their traveling to Heaven,) at a rapid
and uneasy gait, alsr on tip-toe, singing as they
went, and occasiomlly clapping their hands
with u tremendous noise. This truly fatigueing
exercise was continued for nearly half an hour
with occasional short intermissions, when we
were informed that the meeting had been pro
tracted to the full time usually occupied in
worship, and that it would n ow he dismissed.
No prayer was offered, nor was any invitation
given to the spectators to unite in any part of
their devotions. Thanki were however re
turned to them for their orderly conduct, fol
lowed by a wish for our frturc welfare, and
that we might he enabled to discover the true
light of the gospel, and live rccordingly- The
whole meeting then retired in an orderly man
ner. Candour demands the remark, that
In.wcver the narrative I have given may excite
the risibility of the reader, I can say with truth
that except" at some dry remarks made in the
course of the address, I felt no disposition to
laugh or even to smile at any part of their sin
gular mode of worship. There certainly was
r,n air of solemnly pervading the meeting, and
which seemed to extend even to the spectators,
whose conduct throughout was strictly deco
rous. The sincerity of the greater part of the
worshippers, we could have no reason to ques
tion, and upon tho just principle of “ rendering
to all their due,” it is but fair to award credit
to’these .singular people for their hospitality,
cleanliness, honesty and apparent piety. Af
ter leaving the meeting, wc entered another
house, where we spent a short timo in sociable
conversation, partook of some refreshment,
declined an invitation to dinner, and purchased,
on credit, a copy of the hook before mentioned,
ns they positively refused to receivo money on
Sunday. Some months nftor, one of the bre
thren called upon the writer at his residence to
receive the price of the book, offering to tako
it hack, if ho thought it not worth tho money :
this ofTer was of comae declined. Wo took
our final lenvo of New Labnnon, about one
o’clock, P. M. and resumed our journey. I
would only add that those who have become
disgusted with the walks of public life, might
do worse than to connect themselves with the
United Society of Believers ; and that it can
not fail to compensate the curious traveller for
going a few miles out of his route, to pay a vi
sit to the Shakers nt New Lobanou.
numerous domestics enrolled in the corp9, end I other way of commencing tho reform than by
the Janizaries who had become artisans, did! the destruction of the corps of Janizaries.—
the same in regard to their children
The youth of the Mussulman race, whom
tho severity of the discipline had kept out of
The Sphijnx.
The Secret Bandit.—Thero lived formerly
the corps, then sought, in crowds, the honour; j n j) enmar | (l n wealthy noble who had an only
of entering it a3 volunteers, in order to parti- daughter. The maiden lacked not suitors,
cipate in the quality, if not as respected the | both for her beauty and amiable qualities, and
pay, at least as regarded the powerful protec- j f or t |, c lands she would one day inherit; hut
tion of such a body, and of its privileges; of amon g them all she selected one who was dis-
these privileges the principal were, that of being j tinguished by his handsome person and gallant
the first military corps of the state, and the; (, ear jng; nor less so foi his apparent riches,
guard of the prince in the field, that ot birins j although he wns a stranger in those parts and
amenable only to their chiefs, and those chiefs, no one C0II |d tell where lay his possessions or
to ho chosen from the corps alone; that to! whenr-e he cumo. In short, the day was lived
their officers only were entrusted the command
of fortified places, &c.
Tho Janizaries, without foregoing any of
these rights, ceased, by the abuses and jho
false policy of the Sultans with regard to
them, to be a body adopted for the defence of
the state, and became nothing more than a ci
vic guard, composed of all the valets of the
nobles, and artizans of the town ; or rather a
numerous corporation, turbulent, jealous to
excess of its privileges, a burden to all classes,
and formidable to their Sovereigns. From 15
for his bntrotlunent, upon which occasio;.
magnificent entertainment was to bo given hv
the nobleman. It chanced, however, that on
the preceding eve the maiden walked out unac-
coinpanicd by an attendant; and ere she. war
aware of the distance she had wandered, had
lost herself in the intricacies of a doep wood
At length meeting with what seemed to be i.
path, situ pursued the track, but found that it
conducted to a dismal cavern that extended for
some way beneath the ground. Struck with
wonder at its romantic appearance, she detcr-
Histovi and Character of the Janizaries of
the Turkish Empire.—At the moment when
tho eyes of all Europe arc turned towards tho
revolution which is in progress at Constantino
ple, those who have observed, on the spot, the
customs and institutions of tho Ottomans, arc
struck by the erroneous notions which prevail
in the western parts of Europe, and of which
they meet with daily proofs in the journals and
other works of political writers with regard to
the Janizaries.
The Janizaries of our dnvs bear but a very
slight resemblance to the inilitiaofthat denomi
nation created by Amurath, so intrepid, docile,
and devoted to their chief, and who proved so
fatal to the Christians under tho haughty Ma
hornet II.
As fast ns Osman and his dccendants exten
ded and consolidated their conquest in Asia,
they distributed a part of the conquered lands
into fiefs, which their favourites and their officers
held of them on condition of following them to
the war with a certain number of men, armed
and maintained. With these feudal troops
united with adventurers, whom tho hopo of
booty and reward attached to tho first sultans,
those sovereigns drove the Christians out of
Asia, and carried the war into Europe. The
Christians of that Epoch not having armies in
any wiso better organized, the religious fana
ticism, a solo command, and the example of
the chief, insured tho victory of the Mussul
mans.
It wns not, long however before the Sultans
perceived the defects of tho feudal troops, who
to serve fora limited period only in each year,
returned to their hearths, or deserted, when the
had senson approached. They therefore felt
the necessity of increasing the number of their
permanent troops, and with this view Amurath
formed, from his young prisoners of war, a
body of infantry, under tho name of i/eni-tcheri
(new soldiers). This corps received regular
pny and rations; it was subjected to a very se
vere discipline ; it was recruited and augmen
ted, in the sequel, by the incorporation of a
filth of tho prisoners, and of a tenth of tho chil
dren of the chrstian villages tributary to the
Crescent. These youths, seduced by the
priests of the Koran, soon forgot their pater
nal creed, to attach themselves to sovereigns,
who constantly victorious, treated them well,
recompensed their devotion liberally, and con
nived at their pillage, provided thev were brave.
Down to the reign of Solimmi the Wise, the
Janizaries raised the Ottoman power to its
highest pinnacle ; but, under Ills effeminate
successsors, there discipline became relaxed.
The Sultans then devoted themselves to the
harem, softened by every sort of voluptuous
ness, delighted more in buying women and
cunucti9 than in paying soldiers. The corps
of Janizaries became a burden to them. Y et
not daring either to disband it, or to deprive it
of its privileges, the rewards of the great ser
vices it had rendered : they left off requiring
from tho Christians their portions of youth for
recruiting it, and they gave permission to the
Janizaries who desired to marry, or to follow
any trade, to reside out of the barracks. They
thought by these means to weaken this formi
dable body, at the same time they drew advan
tage from a pitiful saving in the score of provi
sions. which were only distributed to those who
were lodged in the barracks ; but soon making
a profit of the advantage of belonging to a
privileged body, who received pay without be
ing bound to any service, the rabies had their
to 25,000 wutches, who wanted the avidity j mined to explore it; and advancing onward,
or tho industry necessary for the exercise ot a soon discovered a spacious vault, that had
profession, remained, even latterly, in the bar- CV ery appearance of being inhabited, and that
racks of( onstantinople, and of the other great j ( 00) n0 ( j,y a Permit or religious recluse, bu^
* ’ by one who had a taste for wealth or luxury
She next proceeded into an inner chamber,
where she saw a shining heap of gold and sil
ver, which, on examination, she found to con-
sist of richly chased goblets, and. other costly
vessels, and gold coin. Continuing her search,
she caine to a third chamber, where to he;
exceeding dismay and horror, she beheld the
remains of human carcases, dead mon’s bones,
and hideous sculls. Sho wus now certain that
she was in a retreat of robbers and murderers,
and was about to make her escape as quickly
as possible, when tho sound of approaching
footsteps warned her to conceal herself instant-
ly, behind a projecting pillar, at tho extremity
of this chamber of death. Hardly had she
screened herself, before a robber entered, bear
ing in his arms the dead body of a lady richly
attired, from which ho began to strip the jewclF
and other valuable ornaments. While the bar-
bnrinii was thus employed, tho maiden caught e
glimpse of his features, and a cry of horro:
nearly escaped her lips, as she discovered them
to be those of her lover. Ho had now plun
dered tho body of all but a very boaptiful ring,
when, in his impatience to get it, he cut ofFthc
finger with his sword, but with such violence
that it flew to some distance, very near the spot
where tho miidcn was concealed. Fortu
nately. however, ho did not stay to searcli for
it, but having heard a signal from without,
hurried away to rejoin his comrades.—Fo:
some moments, the maiden stood riveted to the
spot with horror at what she had thus witnes
sed, and dread for her own fate; at length,
hearing no noiso whatever, she ventured from
her hiding placo, and soon after stole out of the
cavern, having first picked up the finger that,
had been cut off, and succeeded in finding her
way home, where sho found her father await
ing her return in the greatest anxiety. Slit-
excused herself by saying that she had wan
dered much farther than sho intended, but
mentioned not a word of the cavern, or the
scene she had witnessed there. On the fol
lowing day tho bridegroom arrived at the cas-
tlo, attended by several companions, all splen
didly attired, and the lady welcomed him ns
befittod ono who was to be her future lord.
As they afterwards sat at tho festal board, ami
tho goblet passed round, each guest recited
some legend or wondrous tale. At length it
enmo to the lady’s turn to bo tho narrator;
whereupon she bogan to relate tho adventure
of a damsel, who having lost herself in a for
est, took sholter within a cave, that was used
by banditti for tho purpose of concealing their
booty. The bridegroom listened with the ut
most anxiety. “ Within this cave,” continued
the lady “ wero many chambers, one of which
contained heaps of gold and silver, in another
were hands and legs, and other remains of
dead bodies.’’ The bridegroom could scarce
ly conrcnl his agitation ; yet scorned to lend
an car of unconcerned attention to tho story,
which proceeded to state how the damsel was
surprised by the return of the robbers ; how she-
concealed herself and the shocking scene she
beheld. “Ha'! a pleasant tale, truly,” ex
claimed he when the lady had finished, “yet.
mctliinks, better for an old erono’s fireside
than a banquet like ours.” “ I have reason to
believe, however,” returned the lady, “ that it
is not a mere gossip’s legend, but a fact.”
‘ A fact ?’ exclaimed soveral of tho guests
“ \ es; ono does not care to vouch for the truth
of stories of tho kind in general, hut I am in
clined to believo this, because—’tis indeed a
very odd circumstance—I happen to have here
the very finger and ring that the robber cut
off.” What now follows may be easily con
jectured. He who hnd entered the camp as a
wclcomo guest, was detained along with hie
comrades, as a prisoner, and shortly after deli
vered np to tho arm of justice.
As for the lady, she thanked heaven fo* tw
in* rescued her >'» •*.- r
towns of the empire, where they performed the
easy duty of a mere guard. They were to ho
known by a distinguished girdle. In other re*
speets their clothing and arms wero not uni
form. The Janizaries on duty at Constanti
nople, indeed, were allowed to he armed only
with a stick ; while the whole Mussulman po
pulation, to the confectioner himself, constant
ly carried in their girdle a pair of pistols and a
great poniard. Those who did lodge in the
barracks performed no service, were never ex
ercised, nor even assembled, and knew such
of their officers only as distributed to them
their quarterly pay. A great mnny of them
sold, by anticipation, to speculators, their pay
for their whole lives.
The corps of Janizaries was divided into
odas. Tho oda in the beginning was nothing
moro than the soldier’s mess, and had only a
small number of officers, tho same for nil.
But as curtain odas enjoyed extraordinary re
putation, or especial privileges, besides those
common to the whole body, it followed th.it
some of them reckoned as mnny os 10,000
names on their registers, whilst Olliers had no
moro than 200.
The number of Janizaries throughout the
empire wtio were in the receipt of pay amount
ed to about 100,000 : upwards of 300,000 wero
enrolled. Yet notwithstanding all that the
Sultans could do during the late war with the
Russians, this corps never furnished more than
25,000 men, the half of which deserted before
they arrived at Adrianople, although tho army
took more than a month to go that distuncu
which is but a march of six and forty hours.
In the first campaign of the present war
with the Greeks, the Turkish army counted
some Janizaries; but for tho last three years
there had been no longer even one
The guard of the Sandjnc-Shcrif (the stan
dard of tho prophet) was formerly confided to
a certain oda. In later times, all pretended to
this honour, because this sacred standard con
stantly accompanied the Grand Vizier; conse
quently the division with which it remained was
the principal body of the army. Such is the
abscencc of discipline among the Turks,that in
one of the last campaigns, the Grand Vizier,
shut up in his camp at Choumla with 80,000
men, wanted the power of detaching from it
5,000 to go to the distance of five and twenty
leagues to tho relief of the fortress of Crasso-
wa, attacked by the Russians. He was oblig
ed to levy in the immediate country itself, and
merely for that single operation, a body of men,
who dispersed as soon as they had executed it.
From all this, it is manifest that a reform
was indispensiblc. Sultan Mahmoud, who had
lived in intimacy with his cousin, the unfortu
nate Selim III. during the year which elapsed
between the deposition and death of the latter,
felt sensibly its necessity ; but he felt also that
as long as tho Janizaries existed no reform was
practicable. The Ulema, another privileged
corporation, comprising the acerdotal and
magisterial offices, were scarcely less the ene
mies of innovation than the Janizaries them
selves. These two corporations, without any
reciprocal love, mutually aided each other in
the preservation of tho baneful privileges which
they enjoyed ; the Ulemas however, being bet
ter informed, could be more easily brought over
to consent to tho reforms on which the very
existence of the empire depended. It was
these, and especially their head, the Shiekal-
islam, or the Mufti, whose fetvas (resembling
the bulls of tho ancient popes) have such an
influence on the Mussulman people, whom
Mahmoud determined to gain. The oppres
sion, besides, of the Janizaries, so burthen-
some to the other corporations, and to those
even of their own body who desired to re
main quiet when the rest were in mutiny; the
imminent danger which threatened the empire ;
the successful example of the Pasha of Egypt;
these circumstances had commenced in the
ideas of the Turks, a revolution which M"'’
moud did but follow.
No doubt humanity shuddered at the
surcs which he took ; but those who a
quainted with the nature of bis pcopl-
readily acknowledge that there wns no
native for him between killing and being I
He has been reproached for having, us it
in the face of an enemy, destroyed a
which, in the sequel, he has not been a
replace. What has been stated above [
that it was not of a force, but of an oppo;
that he got rid. Will his measure sue
This question is too complicated for us t
tend to solve. To havo an army, finnn
requisite; to have finances, an administ
is indispensiblc. All this has yet to he foi
and, what is worse still, has’to be intro
in exchange for existing abuses. But
appears indisputable is, that there w;