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H. H. CARLTON & CO. VOL. 4. NO. 13. DEVOTED TO OUR POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL* AGRICULTURAL, AND IK INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS. ATHENS, GEOR( Oc pirns Georgian. THE GREAT SOUTHERN ORATOR H. II. CARLTON & CO., Proprietors. ^ ’ FlMrofCcng: ess. •Ar^UESbiT* 25, H"' 1876. - f » ' Two Dolto per jiiglwfelB edrtiee. .. ■ '■■■»*• • w ,'t V . ■ has been made up. and he and his friends He j^ye this statement, to the country, and .have transmitted that record to the only ! it has never bceu contradicted. ! judge who will give him an impartial judg- Hem* what this gentleman says: j meut—an honest, unimpassioned posterity. ; In the meantime, no enlogy from me can TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: jME COPY. On® Year % BOO FIVE COPIES, One Year, 8 70 TEN COPIES. One Year, lO OO Rates of Advertising: Transient adrartiJHMnent*, of onesqiuro or rnorcSl 00 r lor the firm insertion, anti 5n t enth for each nub- Lineal luhcrtimt. L All a»lferiiae»nenu considered transient except whru* special contract* are made. Te'i lines or lnO words make one square. it** Liberal contract* made with yearly advertisers. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS. ( > lW!1 „n «f Administration or Guardianship Si 00 application t«»r Dismission Admmistrati ipplu *ti**n tor Leaf* to Sell Land* Soinctn Dchtorsand Creditors .. Sale*«»f Lind, Ac., per square...-. sale* Perishable Property, 10 days, peratj E.trar Notices, 90 days. ............ %hrr:if sales, jnir square - T„i Collector's Sales, per square - Foreclosure Mortgage, per square, each time fciiouption Notices tin advance) - Kale Nisi’s, |H*r square, each time - full report (OCR REPRESENTATIVE,) THE AMNESTY BILL. On the night before the execution of the prisoner. Wire, • telegram was sent to the Northern press from this city, stating that Win had made important dis closures to General L. C. Baker, the well known detec tive, implicating Jefferson Davis, and that the confes- help him, no censure from the gentleman can damage him, and no act or resolution of this _or mi— i House can affect him. But the charge is that i sion /to® 1 *? probably be given to the public. On th< I „ • „ „.,j „ J B , ; namej evening some parties came to the confessor o- , he is a murderer, and a deliberate, willful, wire, Rev. Father Boyle, and slso to me as bisuounsel, SPLLUH OP HfiX It II III IT, ' guilt v, scheming murdirer of “thousands of one of them imormiug me that a high Cabinet office • Wb r .,i„k... i . 5 ,b e ; character of the honorable gentleman from | Maine, his high reputation, when I heard the j charge fall from his li(>8, I thought surely the gentleman had inadea recent discovery, and j I listened for the evidence to justify that charge. He produced it; and what is it? Business and Professional Cards. /;. E. III 11AS1IER, A 72 O'/t.YET A 2 LA ’Washington, January 10.—The speech I To mv utter amazement, as the gentleniau of Mr. Blaine on the Amnesty hill, which j fn »m Pennsylvania [Mr. Kelley] has well was propitiatory toward the people of the ! 8,atwl , it is nothing on earth but a report of South, was extremely virulent against Jeff. ; a committee of this Congress, made when ou.rai»nsu« Davis; not, In said,’because Mr.Davis Im.l pas.-i*»u» were at their height, and it was soo been the head and front of the rebellion, known to the gentleman and to the whole iso or Miat ho had been am efficient enemy of country eight years ago. the Government, or that he had hot dis- A«w, I say first in relation to that testi- traded the councils of the Confederacy, mouy that it is exclusively ex pa. te. It was but that he had been guilty of the greatest taken whe " the gentleman who is nmv put loo crime in the annals of history, the murders : U P”» trial by it before the country was im> ~ of Audersoiiville. The horrors of that : prisoned and in chains, without a hearing stockade ha represented as casiing into 1111(1 without an opportunity to Ire heard. It the shade the atrocities of the Duke of Alva j wa8 ‘“ken by enemies It was taken in the midst ot furv and rage. If there is any 300 iso soo i oo Jcf- Ander- sonville, his sentence would be commuted. The mes senger requested me to inform Win of this. In pres ence of father Boyle, I told Win next morning whs hud happened. Hear the reply. Captain Wirt situ, ly and quietly replied: Mr. Schade, yon know that 1 hava always told yon that 1 do not know anything about Jefferson Davis. *U had no connection with me as to what was done . An ersoiiville. I would not become a traitor again* him or anybody else, even to save my life. Sir, wliat Wirz, within two hours of his execution, would not sgy for his life, the gentleman from- Maine> tfays to the country »o keep himself ami Ms party in power Christianity is a falsehood, humanity is » lie, civilization is a cheat, or the inan who would not make a false charge for his life, was never guilty of wiilful murder. He who makes a charge must produce | his witnesses They must be informed wit j nesses. The gentleman from Maine makes WATKINSVll.I.E, GA. i tonufr Ordinary’* Office. REMOVAL! the Netherlands, the Massacre St. *«ry “lid “'V' i his charge, but produces no witnesses. He Bartholomew, and the terrors of the Span-| Ai.glo-baxon law which ought to be; s; t ,» ' £mt , )V Jefferson Davis to ish Inquisition. I considered sacred, it is the high privilege of | A f ldersonvillo wcro h j s officers. executing His speech was replied to l,y Cox, ot ; an Lug ishma.i not to be condemned until; ||is ord commissioned by him, and he New \o.k, in a most safrical vein, it being he shall be confronted with he witnesses , therefon , cliars , es Mr . Da ' is wi lh thes, treated as a movement mi ihe Presidency. »K a5ns t him. But that is not all. The testi- illrocitiwt by inference It was only when junl.Vly •/. A. SALE, LEX2/S2, l\\s HI MOVED to the office lately occupied by I>r. J V. M -rail. Nutii-iii-tiou guaranteed in botli Work and Prices. i«n:..-tl COBB, ERWIN & COBB, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, ATHENS, GA. Office in the Deupree Building. C. J>. HILL, A Z Z O /WE ) ■ A T LA?r, ATHENS, GEORGIA. *3 Ul janll-1. POPE HARROW, A ZTOEXEY AT LA X, ATHENS, GA. office in Mr. J. II. Newton's new building. jan4.lv. ir. R. LITTLE, Attorn ej> at La tr, r.VRNESVILLE, GA. J. S. DORTCH, Attorn ej’ at L a ir, CARSK8V1I.LE.OA. A. G. McCURRV, JTTOR.rE r* .ffT E.IIP, HARTWELL, GEORGIA. by inference It was only the gentleman reached that portion of his argument, that I began to discover the real purpose of his movement. I will not charge i ini -uth it, hut a suggestion came immediately to my mind. What was the proposition which the It is are to be Cox contrasted Blaine’- position on the I ,no,, . v d by the gentleman is not only ; question of amnesty with that ol President ! ex ]HirU, not only exclusively the production Grant, who always’ favored geneial and un-' °* enemies, or at least taken by them and in qualified amnestv; but then, said Cox, Grant j tl,e n ' i,lst ,,f P a8sio, '« but ll| e testimony is i was a brave soldier, and not a scurvy poll- , mutilated, ingeniously mutilated, most ad- lician. roitly muiil»ted. Why, sir, one of the main Kelly, of Pennsylvania, made a strong ; witnesses is Dr. Joseph Jones a very ex- ,, CIlt | elnan proposes to establish? speech against Blaine’s amendment and m i fellent gentleman, who.was ca led upon to ^ tho e \y in aulhoril an favor of the original. j K've h» testimony m what is called the W irz ch d witil ° thc . 8ill9 aild treacl.eries of ! Hill, of Georgia, got the floor, but ‘naUnd winch is produced betore this house C o ,.missioned by them and yielded for an adjournment, lie will speak \ ■«> attention called to it hy the gentleman, j acli “utler their orders. Is the gentle- ! to-morrow. I 1 . 1 *® « , ' ,e ^ntlen.an was to prove : ln;ln » ar . full I , pardon _ und ^ r the Washington, Jan. 11. ! * Mr. Davis knew ot these atrocities at cover ot - prejudice and passion against Jel- mi:. mu’s speech. Andersonv, le a d he calls the attention of ferson D avi S seeking to assault President j Mi:. Speakkis : The House will bear | the house to the report of this committee. Graut? j. Jeffer80 b u D .vis sent General I witness that we have not sought this dis- | 8,1,1 thanks God that it has been taken in binder to Audersoiiville, why, President I cussion. Nothing can be farther from our j he put where it can neither be con- ! Grallt 8onl Gl . ntral Jov ^ e u ',’ St . Lollis | desire and purpose than ,o raise such d.s- , trad.cted nor gamsaid, as a perpetual g. .de [L . lughter 1 Xay mor J 8ir; is not lhe cussion. j to posterity to hnd out the authors ol these, Very Secret: - and the same j yj r _ Atkins—I rise to a point of order crimes. The whole II«»usc dusiivs to iic*:ir tin* \ . ^ ne man from Georgia, but it is imjiosMble for ! P ,ece ^ , of «vi«i«nce iu this whole report is j l j 1 ' g ent ] etu< q n want to establish .1 rule of them to do so unless gentlemen retain their j ,ol| nd m the report made bv Dr. Jones, a j consm , ct j on by which lie cun authorize the -ats. ! su| 'geon ot hue character, and sent to An-; COUIllry to arr J ai Geuend Grant for com The Speaker. The p. int of order is well dersouv.lle by the Confederate authorities to j , k . ity in the wh " key lraud8? r L aughter.l taken, and gentlemen will retain their seats; investigate the condition ot that prison, lhat j is General Grant responsible for the and order must be preserved not only j gentleman made his report, and it is brought I credit ^obi-ier? Was he a stockholder in within the bar bm omsid. ot the bar, and ; I" 1 " tht-house. What is it. The first_poiut: t ) ic Sanborn contracts? W:w be the co llie Chair directs liie <loorkeeper to give 1 18 88 t “ * he knowledge °f this report going to i p artner in the trauds upon this district? especial attention to the maintenance ot | ?"> of ‘h« authorities at Richmond. Here | a] j j li(( w j tI1C8seS) t b e gentleman never order outside the bar. i 18 whal 1)r - ■ j can find a single man who was confidential Mr. ll.il—I say, Mr. Speaker that noth-1 h Jli: ! Secretory of Mr. Davis and charged with 11 ig con IU ha\ e bo i*u taithci Irori ilic uc-' ^oienum-nt, wi.eu the Coiifederucy went to piece*. I com j»li city in crime, that Mr Davis ever ary of the White House, the '. les ' ... . . .. . , , 1 private, confidential Secretary, indicted to- )ne ot the most striking and remarkable lor , 0111 p] icily in lht , se traud s? Does :es of evi.leuceiu this whole report is ,i.' ‘ . ... WILL rivr strict personal attention to all Ln-inei •ru-te.l to liis cars. Anc. 4—40—1; Asa M. Jackson. JACKSON A THOMAS, Attorneys at Law. Athen*, Georgia. JOHN W. OWEN, Attorney at Law. TOCCOA C1TV, «A. Will practice in *11 the eonntie* of the Wentern Cir- va.t, Hart and Madison of lhe Northern ( ireuit. ill ifivp -jx-cial alien ion to ull claim* entrusted to hi* cure. cctSOwly. P, (i. THOMPSON, Attorney at La w, -pccisl attention paid to criminal practice. For rclV-r- nct app v to Ex. Gov. T. II. Watts aud Hon. David Oopton, Montgomery Ala. Office over Barry'* Store, Alhrn*, 0*. than to re-open this discussion of the events , Now, he was ordere.1 by the United States 3a I understand it, absolutely sent to the ! ot our unhappy past. W e had well hoped I government, the first time this report ever Senate of the United States tor confirma* | that llic country had suffcie.l jong enough j the light, to bring it and deliver it on | lion to a high office the very man who ' from feuds, from inflamed passions, and we j t |,e iriul of \Virz. I.i acc >rda ice with that j stood charged before the couutry with the I came here, sir, vvith a patriotic jmrjKise, to | orde) . t be diu bring it and delivei it to the ! yro sest peculations and frauds in this dis- I rein mher nothing but tbe country and the j judgesadvocate-geueral. And when the re- j trict, and that, too, at"er these charges - j whole eoiiuti y, ami, turning our backsu]K>n p urt8 itself, or that which purported to be were made ai.d while the investigation was L. W. Thomas. ; all the horrors ot tin- past, to look with all t | ie report, was presented to him while he j pending. j earnestness to find glories for the future. I was a witness, he discovered that it was muti- j Sir, I am n ithcr the author nor the dis- j lhe gentleman uho is tin- acknowledged j ] a ied, and he asked permission to state that i ciple of such political logic. And I will ; leader id the Republican party on this j f act> Hear wliat he says on that subject: ! not, nor would I, for any consideration, as- lloor, who is the aspiring leader of the He-1 , be(r leave to make a sutement totliecouit. That; »ume the proposition before this House to publican party ot this eouulry, represent- : p.irt.ou or my re,.ori wliich I.*- been real i* only a punish an enemy which would implicate ing most manifest')' tiie wishes of many of j “ ail i«rt of tbe report. The real report coutam* the t | President ol' the United States in the Ins associate- not all has willed other- Amiereouvilie, whien I tliougut it right to embody grossest trauds. let, it the gentleman’s wise. Tliev seem deteniiined that the ' with my report. It also contain* document* forward- proposition be true. General Grant, instead wounds which were healing shall be .'c-| of being entitled to a Presidential third opened, that the pasMons whioli were ! oomuined important f»cu a*to the labors of th« medical 1 term, is entitled to twenty terms in twenty hiiKhiii<r sliaii be re-itiflamed. Sir, I wish Uiepaitmcut and their effort* to better the condition j penitentiaries. Rut, sir, he is not guilt v. this House to understand t.iat we do not j 1 ll ®*i « . . . ^, j The argument is false. It is a libel upon reeiproeate either the purpose or ti»e inani- : . » a ,^ r 0 e ^ e P° r 18 uppresse , . t j le ^ mer * lcan rule of law and English pre- test* desire of the gemlJnun on the other with that suppres-m,, this magnificent CL . Jel;t y ou caanot iw precedent any it our mineral ivc j receptacle of truth is filed away in the docu- ruth ol hi-tory as ,nent r<M,,H <,,r tl,e ,nt, >rmation of prusterity! ' The committee ask hiiu: JOHN T. Feb. 3- OSBORN, La w. Attorney at ELBKRTON, GA. Wi‘1 practice in tbe countie* of tbe Northern Circuit, iv»uks», Franklin and Habersham ot the W extern Circuit; will jnve *t>ccial attantiou to all claim* entrust 'd hit* care. Jan. 10, 1874—ly. FRA NK HARR A LSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, CLEVELAND, GA. Will practice in the countie* of While, Union, Lum- Nm, Town*, and Fanning, and the Supreme Court at •V-I.iuL. Will (five special atteutiou to all claim* en- to hi* oar«\ Aug. 11 i 875—4l-»tf. E SCHAEFER, COTTON BUYER, side, and while we feel duty lo vindicate the truth ol lu-tory regards the section which we represent, feeling that it is a portion of this common I Qne*ti"n. your conolnaiuua correctly stated in , r . , . . • thi* extract f country, WC do Dot intend to say anything j Answer. i*art of my conclusions are stated—not the calculated to aid the gentlemen in their ] Whole. Aponionufiny enuclaaiona.aujalaomyivoum- work of crimination and recrim nation, and Agent for Win oct20wti. of keeping up the war by politicians after brave men have said the war shall end. The gentleman from Maine on yesterday presented to lie country two qn.-stious, which he manife-tly intends to be the fun damental principles ot the Hcptihlieuii par ly, or at least of those who follow him in that party. The first is what he is pleas, d to term the magnanimity and grace ol the . e ni ? n . Republican pirty; the second is the brutal-1 11 ore ily of those whom he is pleased totenn “tlie or ; ? i precedent any where in any civilized country. I acquit General Grant of comp icily in the whisky frauds and revenue frauds, ami the tacts acquit Mr. Davis, of complicity in any atrocity anywhere. Now, Mr. S|»eaker, I pass from the con struction of that question to the real facts about Andersonvilio. First, I want to call the attention of the house to the law of the Confederate Government on the subject of the t rent meut of prisoners. I read from the act of the Confederate Congress on that sub ject ; it was very simple, and directed— The ration, furnished prisoners of war shall be the snme ill quantity and quality as those famished to en- li-’.eil men in the array of the Confederacy. That was the law, that was the law Mr. Toecoui our, oa. Highest ('.ah Price paid for Cotton. 'hi;.'* Git,, nnd Press. E.A~\CILLIAMSON, PRACTICAL watchmaker and jeweller, •M Dr. King’* Drug Store, Broad S.reet. Athens, Ga. All w >rk done in a superior manner and warranted to ftre satisfaction. Jan. 3—tf. A~A. WINN, —With— GROOVER, STUBBS & CO., Cotton Factors, —And— General Commission Merchants, Savannah, Ga. Ties, Hope and otbur anppHcs furnished. ~™°> liberal cash advances made on con*igniucut* for uf shipmaut to Liverpool or Northern LIVERY a ND iALE ST A BLE Girriaget, Buggies and Horses for nirc. TERMS REASONABLE K. M. WHITEHEAD. Washington, Wilks, Co., G*. . AotSStfw. memlatiou*, an* not stated. Q. NS ell, touching the *ubi*»ct of excbanire ? A. Ye*, sir; the general difficulties environing the priHOuer* »nd their offic n*. Q. Wliat became of your original report i A. Tub b my original report. That is, he had there the extract as far as it went. Q. Did you make this extract yourself I The cntu'uittee seeiu to suspect that he was the nian hut .-imply made the extract and te committee. Now, here he hand* of * )av ' s a Pl ,r °ved, and that was the law that rebels.” Upon tbe first question, 1 do not the ju.ige-advoc .t«. f I delivered it into hi* hami* im-! ^ ,e > Sl> * ar 88 ^ ll8 agency was concerned, exe- proiiose to wearv the llouso to-day. Itj ! uaeduualy Upon my arrival in Washington. I cured. ... with the history’ of the las. fifteen years ! Aud this committee ot Congress to which , The gentleman in his speech has gone so fresh in the memory of this people, the j lht ‘ gentleman refers absolutely tells us that j far as to say that Mr. Davis purposely sent country is prepared to talk about the grace I •his mu;dated report was the one introduced j General Winder to Ander.-onville to organ- and magnanimity of the Republican party, | in evi e,ice against this man Wirz, and it is ize a den ot horrors and kill federal soldiers, argument woul . he wasted. Wi.li ma-ters j «he one merporated in this hook. i I do not quote exactly bis linguage, but I n.-laved, intelligence disfraiielii-cd, society i * Now * 1 w »“ l t0 ‘° another | know it is “to organize a den of horrors;” disorganized, industry parayzed, Stat s i «‘ rac t ft" 1 " taat ongnalreporr apart not hut lam surd cannot use any language subverted. Legislatures dispersed by the ! included in this book. There are a great j more bitter than the gentleman used himself, bayonet the people can accord to that I ™auy such omissions; I have not been’ able j Therefore, the next thing I will read is the party the verdict of grace and magnaiiiini- j to R et “J 1 ,,f the, V; . . . order piven lor * he P«' r P"" uf locating this ty, may God save the future ot our conn- Dr Jon , e * ,n h »" r «P , ’ rt ! 8 , B ,v,n ? a , n ac ' uy’a grace and inagnanimit v. | count of the causis of the sickness and mor- .1 advance directly to that portion of the j tality at Andersonville; and he says, among gentleman’s argument which relates to the | oll,er things: question before the House. The gentleman i Surround.,} by these •iepre^inK wenK the post- / . . «i n i „ , • pom'ineut of the pencral exchauge of prisoner* und tue from JrolinsylvauiSI lAlr. Kan<l;ill) lias J»rc- j con*t nitly receding hope* of deliverance through the sented to tili-S HoilSf. and lie asks it to : OCU. not* their owngovernment, deprcused their already . * I ;ii ,1... ; 1/lt | de*i*ou-dn^ spirit* and destioyed thos*e mental and idopt It, a hill Oil tin Mil »J. Cl Ot amnesty , meal ell* r *:ie.s *o m-ce**ary for a successful struggle rations alluwed them by law—the same ra tion allowed to tbe confederate soldier—but he says: By in indulgence perhaps unprecedented we have •ven allowed the prisoners in our bauds to be supplied >y their friends at home with comforts not enjoyed by he men who captured them in bsttie. Tho Confederate Government gave fede- •al prisoners the same rations that confeder- ite soldiers in the field received. Federal •risoners had permission to buy whatever •Iso they pleased, and the confederates tave their friends at home permission to urnish them the means to do so. And yet. Mr. Speaker, it is true that, in spite of all hese advantages enjoyed by these prisoners, :here were horrors, and great horrors, at \udersonville. What were the causes of those horrors ? The first was want of medi cine. That is given as a cause hy Dr. Jones n his testimony; that is given by this very Father Hamilton, from whom the gentleman from Maine read. Iu the very same testi mony which - the gentlemen read Father Hamilton says: I conversed with Dr. White with regard to the con ation of tbe men, and he told me it was not in his K>wer to do anything for them ; that he had no medi cine, and coaid not get any, and that ho wa* doing tverytiiing in his power to help them. Now, how was it that medicines and other tissential supplies could not be obtained ? Unfortunately, they were not iu the Con federacy. Tho Federal Government made medicine contraband of war, ami I am not aware that any other nation on the earth ever did such a thing before—not even the Duke of Avn, sir. The Confederate Gov ernment, unable to introduce medicines ac cording to its right under the laws of na tions, undertook to run the blockade, and whenever possible the Federal navy captured its ships anil took the medicines. Then, when no other resource was left, when it was suspeted that the women of the North— the earth’s angels, God bless them—would carry quinine and other medicines ot that sort, so much needed by the federal prisoners m the South, federal officers were charged to capture the women and examine their |>etti- coats, to keep them from carrying medicines to confederate soldiers and federal prisoners, and they were imprisoned. .Surely, sir, the (Jontederate Government and the Southern people are not to lie blamed tor a poverty in medicates, food aud raiment enforced by the stringent war measures ot the Federal Gov ernment—a ;>overty which had its intended effisit of immeasurable distress to the con- lederate armies, although it incidentally in flicted unavoidable distress upon the federal prisoners in the South. The Federal Government made clothing contraband of war. It sent down its armies anti they burned up the factories ct the South wherever they could find them, for the express purpose of preventing the confedera tes from furnishing clothing to their soldiers, and the federal prisoners of course shared this deprivation of comfort for clothing. It was the war policy of the Federal Govern ment to make supplies scarce. Dr. Jones in his testimony and Father Hamilton iu his testimony, which I will not stop to read to the House, explained why clothing was so scarce to federal prisoners. — Now, then, sir, whatever horrors existed at Andersonvilio, nut one of them could be at tributed to a single act of legislation of the Confederate Government or to a single order of tbe (Jontederate Government, but every horror of Andersonville grew out of the necessities of the occasion, which necessities were cast upon the confederacy by the war policy of the other side. The geiitleman from Maine said that no confederate prisoner was ever maltreated iu the North. And when my triend answered from his seat “ a thousand witnesses to the contrary in Georgia alone,” the gentleman from Maine joined issue, but as usual produced no testimony in support of this issue. 1 think the gentleman from Maine is to be excused. For ten years, unfortunately, he and his have been reviling the people who were not allowed to come here to meet the revilers. Now, sir, we are face to face, aud wheu you make a charge you must bring your proof. The time lias passed when tbe country can accept the impudence of assertion for the force of argument or recklessness of statement for the truth ot history. Now, sir, I do not wish to unfold the coupler on the other side. I am an Ameri can. 1 honor my country, and my whole country, and it could be no pleasure to me to bring forward proof that any portion ot my couutrymeu have been guilty of willful murder or of cruel treatment, to poor mana cled prisoners. Nor will I make any such charge. These horrors are inseparable, many of them and most of them, from a state sttglWttMa MEDICAL NOTICE. At tU solicitation of many of ray former patrons, I T *»0i;ie th« Practice of Medicine thi« data. I will pay especial attention to the di*- °f Infants aud Children, and the Chronic Disease* Female*. , WM. KING, M. D .•'uni. 1R, 1873—SS-ly. BLACK & GARDNER, Carpenters and General Jobbers, J^Pretfully offer their service* to the citixen* of Athens ‘"rtonnilin* country. Location, two door* east o! 52 tp'seopat Church, opposite Mr. U J. Laropkin’s lorv ' Contracts for ballaing solicited. March Sd. 1875-ly. prison at Audersoiiville, or wherever it should be properly located. The official or der for the location of the stockade enjoins that it should he in a “healthy locality, with plenty ot pure water, with a running stream, and, if possible, with shade trees, and in th'- immediate neighborhood of grist and saw mills.” That does not look like the organ! which is precisely the same as the bill j ^SS-t'diSS and’di*! ration of a den of horrors, to commit murder. . . . . . ! • . .1 J ® *. 1 J" • ... 1 TUaf trno flin Thot tuna swat It- fveiltlenrill’s ’ appointment, mental depression and distress, attenil- . . *- . : ing tno dailv longing fur an apparently hopeless release, 1 it, at the last I are felt to be a* potent agencies in the destruction of ' tue«e prisoner* as tho physical causes of actual disease. passed in this House by th own party, as 1 ninb-rstand session of Congress. The gentleuiaa from Maine has moved a reconsideration of the ! Ah! why that homesickness, that longing vote by which it was rejected, avowing liis I and the distress consequent upon it, and its purpose to l»e ;o offer an amendment. The j effect in carrying those poor, brave, unfor- inaiii purpose of that amendment is to ex- j tuuate heroes to death? I will tell this ctfj t from the operation of the bill one of; house before I am done. the citizens of this country, Mr. Jefferson Davis. He alleges two distinct reasons why he asks the House to make thui exception. I Now, sir, there is another fact. Wirz was put on trial, but really Mr. Davis was the man intended to be tried through him. ] Over one hundred and sixty witnesses were PHYSICIAN. DV&ES SsJUSST 4 ''T“ A Co., 81-tC will state those reasons in the gentleman’s t introduced before the military commission own language. First, he says that “ Mr. j The trial lasted three months. The whole Davis was the author, knowingly, deliberate- country was under military despotism; citl- ly, guiltily and willfully, of the gigantic | sens labored under duress; and qiffte a large murders aud criiuesat Andersonville.” - hat; number of confederates were seeking to make is a grave indictment He then character- | favor with the powers of the government, izes in his second |>o.-ition what he calls the Yet. sir, during those three months, with horrors of Andersonville. And he says of, all the witnesses they could bring to Wash- them: ington, not one single man ever mentioned An 1 I here, before God, measuring mv words, t |, e naroe of Mr. Davis in connection with a Suhirth t i* e d«.d. 11 of ll u, l « shigle atrocity at Andersonville orebewhere. countries, nor tl»s ma^sucre of Saint Bartholomew, nor , The gentle nan from Maine, With all hlS the thumb-screw, and engine...f tort urv- of ti.r Spanish researc |, j nto a ]l the histories of the Duke of ou* crime* of'iSmiers™iv?i'ie* ‘ '“ Je ’ Alva and tbe massacre of St. Bartholomew Sir. he stands before the country with his and the Spanish inquisit on, has not been very fame in peril if he, having made such able to frighten up such a witness yet. charges, shall not sustain them. Now, I take' Now, sir, there is a witness on this sub- up the propositions of the gentleman in their ject. Wita wns.oondemncd, found guilty, or ler. I hope no gentleman imagines that sentenoed to be executed; and I have now I .tin here to pass an enlogy upon Mr. Davia. before me the written statement of his Tbe record upon which his tame most rest, counsel, a Northern man and a Union mam That was the official order. That was not all. These prisoners at Andersonville were not only allowed tho rations measured out to confederate soldiers both in quantity aud quality iu every respect, but they were al lowed also to buy as much outside as they desired; a privilege, I am reliably informed, which was not extended to many of tbe con federate prisoners. I do not know bow that is. I do not wish to eharge if the facts were otherwise. But in the book which tbe gen tleman from Maine himself produces we find this testimony, given by a union soldier. He says: We neter hod any difficulty in retting vegetables; we used to buy almcMt anything that we wanted, of the sergeant who called the roll mornings and nights. His name wo* Smith, 1 think; be was Captain Win’s chief sergeant. We were divided into messes, eight in eoaii mesa; my meae used to bay from two to four bushels of sweet potatoes a week, at the rale of kit confederate mono? per bushel. They got 120 of confederate money for 81 of greenbacks in those days. Turnip* we bought at £$> a buaheL We had to buy oar own aoep for washing opt own peteone end clothing; We bought meat end egg and biscuit. There eeemed to bean abundance of tho** thing*; they were in tbe market constantly. That sergeant used to come down with e wagon-toad of potatoes at a time, bringing twen ty or twenty-live bushels at a load sometimes. Now, air, Mr. Davis himself alluded to that privilege which was allowed to the fed oral soldiers. Tbe confederate authorities not onlv allowed them to purchase supplies as they* pleased outside, in addition to the Tlatt -I d. sire to nay Unit I live within thirty six miles of Elmira, and that those statements are unqualifiedly false. Hill—Yes, and I suppose if one rose from the dead, the gentleman would not believe him. Platt—Does the gentl inan say that these statements are true ? Hill - Certainly Ido not say that they are true, but I do cay that I believe the state ment of the surgeon in cliarge, before that of a politician thirty-six miles away. Now, will the gentleman believe testimony from the dead? The Bible says, “The tree is Known by its fruits.” And, after all, wliat Is the test of suffering of these p isoners N orth aud South ? The test is the result. Now, I call the attention oi gentlemen to this tact, that the repot t of Mr. Stanton, the Secretary of War—you will believe him, will you Hot? ou the >9th of July, 1866 — send to the library aud get it—exhibits the fact that of tlie Federal prisoners in Con- federa e hands during the war only 22,576 died, while of the Coufede. ate prisoners in Federal hands, 26,186 died. And Surgeon General Barnes reports in an official report —I supp ise you will believe him—that in round numbers the Confederate prisoners in Federal hands amounted to 220,OUU, while the Federal prisoners in Coni'ederate minds amounted lo 270,000. Out of the 270,000 in Confederate hands 22, 00 died, while of the 220,000 Co>.federates iu Fede ral bauds over 26,000 died. Tlie ratio is this: Mure than 12 per cent, of the Con federate iu Federal hands died, and less than 0 per ceut. of the Federals iu Confede rate hands died. What is the logic of these tacts, according to the gentleinau from Maine? I scorn to chargo murder upon ihe offieiuls of Northern prisons, as the gen tleman lias < one upon Confederate prison officials. I labor to demonstrate that such unse ies are inevitable iu prison life, no matter how humane the regulations. I would scorn, too, to use a newspaper arti cle, unless it was signed by one who gave liis own name, aud whose statement, if not true, can be disproved, and I would believe such an one in preference to any politician over there who was thirty- six miles away fro a Elmira. That gentle man, so prompt to contradict a surgeon, inignt perhaps have smelled the small-pox, out lie could not see it, aud I venture to s..y that if he knew the sinall-pox was there, he would have taken very good care to keep thirty six mbes away. He is not equal to the mutilated evidence brought iu yesterday. But, sir, it appears from the official record that the (Jouf.-dcraies came from Elmira, from Fort Delaware aud trom Rock Isianj and other places with their augers frozen oft’, with their toes frozen off, and with t ie.r teeth dropping out. But tlie great question is behind. Every American, North or South, must lament that our country has ever impeached its civilization by such an exhibition of horrors on any side, and I speak of these things with no degree of pleasure. God kuows if I could hide them from the view of the world I would gladly do it. But the great question Ts, at last, who was responsi ble for this state of things? And that is really the only material question with which statesmen now should deal. 8ir, it is well known that when tbe waropened, at first the authorities of the United .States determined that they would not exchange prisoners. The first prisoners captured by tho the Fed eral forces where the ciew ot the Savannah, and they were put in chains and sentenced to be executed. Jefferson Davis, hearing ot this, coiuinuuicat d through the lines, and the confederates having meanwhile also cap tured prisoners, he threatened retaliation in case those men suffered, and the sentences against the crew of the Savannah were not executed. Sulisequently our friends from this way—I believe my friend before me from New York [ Mr. Cox] was one - insist ed that there should be a cartel for the ex change of prisoners. In 1862 that cartel was agreed upon. In substance and briefly it was that there should be an exchauge oi man for man and officer for officer, and whichever held an excess at the time of ex change should parole the excess. This work ed very well until 1863. I am going over the facts very briefly. Mr. Starkweather—I do not wish, and noue ou this side wishes to interrupt the gentleman. I believe he has spoken over his hour. We desire that he shall speak as long as he chooses, but we wish to have a free discussion and want a little time on this i side. The Speaker—The gentleman from Geor- ! gia has not exhausted his hour • et. Mr. Hill—1 was reciting briefly the facts. of war. I hold iu my hand a letter written _ Ss.2sr.ir— *.«• he whiter of 1864, 1865 wa* an unuinally severe and rigid one, and the prisoner* arriving from the Southern State* .airing thi* *ea*on were mostly old meu aud l*d», clothed iu uttire *uitable only to tliegeuial cliin ite of tbe South. 1 ueed not state to you that thi* aioue wa* ample cuu*e tor un uuusual mortality a uong t ietn. Tue surrounding* were of the following nature. uamel>: narrow, confined limit*, but a few acre* in exteut— And Andersonville, sir, embraced twenty- seven acres — end through which slowly flowed a turbid streoin of water, carrying uloug with it all the cxcremeutol filth •tud debris of the camp; this streuin of water, horrible lo relate, was the only sources of supply, fur an extend ed period, that the pri*ouers could possibly use for the purpose of absolution aud to slake their thirst from day to day; tue tents aud other shelter allotted to tne camp at Elmira were insufficient and crowded to the utmost exteut; hence, small-pox and other skin dis eases raged througn the cump. Here 1 may note tiiat owing to s general order fVom tho Government to vaccina e the prisoners, iny oppor tunities were ample to observe the effect* oi spur.ua* aud diseased matter, and there is uo doubt iu m< miud but that syphilis was engrafted in many instances; ugly end hoirible nicer* aud eruptions of* characteristic na ture were, alas, too frequent and obvious to be mistaken. 8moli-pox cases were crowded in such a manner that it was a matter of impossibility for tbe surueon to treat his patients individually; they actually laid so adjacent, that the simple movement of one wonld cause bis ' hbor to cry oat in an agony of pain. The oonfluent malignant type prevailed to such un extent and of such a nature, that the body would frequently be fouud one continuous aeob. The diet end ot er allowances by the Government for the are of tbe prisoners were ample, yet the poor un fortunates were allowed to starve. New, sir, the Confederate regulations authorized ample provisions for Federal prisoners the same that was made for Con- lederate soldiers, and you charge that Mr. Davis is responsible tor not having those allowances honestly supplied. T.ie United States made pro virion for Confederate prisoners, so tkr as rations were concerned, fur feeding those in Federal hands; and yet, wliat Bays be surgeon? “Thvy were allowed to starve.” But “ why r> lea query which 1 will allow your read er* to infer end to draw conclusions therefrom. Out of tbe number of prisoners, as heretofore mentioned, over three thousand of tnem now lie buried in the cemetery toasted near tbe camp for that purpose—a mortality equal, if not greater than th t of any prison in tbe South. At Auderaonville, as 1 am well informed by brother officers who endured confinement there, as welt os by tne record* at Washington, th* mortality w«* twelve thousand out of; say forty thousand prisoner*. Hence, it is readily to be seen that the mortality was no lea* at Bhnir* than at A pd ergon villa. Mr. Platt—Will tbe gentleman aliow me to interrupt him a moment to ask him where he gets that statement? Mr. Hil.—It is the statement of a Fede ral surgeon, published in tbe New York World. .... ... eral authorities refused to continue the ex' change. Now commenced n history which the world ought to know, and which I hope the House will grant me the privilege of stat- ing, and 1 shall do it from official recur's. This, I say frankly to the gentleman on the other side, was in truth one of the severest i tdows stricken at tne Confederacy, this refu sal to exchange pri-oners in 1863, and con tinued through 1864. The confederates made every effort to renew the cartel. Among other things, ou the 2d of July, 1873, the Vice-President of the Confederacy, the gen tleman to whom the gentleman from Maine [Mr. Blaine] alluded the other day in so complimentary terms, Mr. Alexander II. Stephens, was absolutely commissioned by President Davis to cross the lines and come to Washington to consult with the Federal authorities, with a broad commission to agree u|H>u any cartel satisfactory to the other side lor the exchange of prisoners. Mr. Davis said to him, “Your missiou is simply one of humanity, an I has no political aspect.” Mr. Stephens undertook that work. What was the result? I wish to be careful, and will state this exactly correctly. Here is his letter ; CosrxDEiun Stars Stcamu Tobfzdo, i la Jama Kivu, July 4. 1863. ( 8ta:—Ae military commissioner, I am the beoret of e communication in writing fkom Jefferson Davie, com mander-in-chief of the land aud osrol force* of tbe Confederate Staee, to Abraham Linooln, ooumaoder- iu-ehief of the la. id and naval forgo* ot the United States. Hon. Robert Cold, Confederate States Agent of Exchange, accompanies me as secretary, for the par- pose of delivering the communication in person end conferring upon the anbject to which it relates. I de sire to proceed to Washington in tho steamer Torpedo, oommuuJed by Llcateneut Hanter Davidson, of the Confederate States navy, no person being on bawd bat Hon. Mr. Oald, myself and tho boat’s officers and crew. Yours, most respectfully, ALES, a STEPHENS. To S. H. Lsx, Admiral. This was directed to SL H. Lee, admiral. Here is the answer: Acting Rear-Admiral 8. H. I so, Hampton Roods: The request of Alexander H. Stephens is Insdmiksi- hl*. • * * Gil EON WELLES. Secretory of the Nary. You will acknowledge that Mr. Stephens' humane mission failed. Tbe confederate authorities gave to that mission as mpeh dignity and character as possible. They sup posed that of all men n the South Mr. Stephens most nearly had your confidence. They selected him to be the bearer of mes sages for tlie take of humanity iu behalf of the brave federal soldiers who were unfor tunately prisoners of war. The Federal Government would not even receive him; the federal authorities would not hear biro. Wnat was the next effort? After Mr. Stephens’ mission failed, and after the com missioner for the exchange of prisoners, Colonel Ould, having exhausted all Ws efforts to get the cartel renewed, on the 24th of January, 1864, wrote the following letter to Major General E. A. Hitchcock, agent of exchange on the federal side: Cosnonun Stars or Amiuoa, 1 Wa* Dir stxixt, V RicmcoKD, Va., Js.i. "4,1S44. j Sib In view of the present difficulties attending the exchange and release of prisoners, I pro pore that all such on either side shall be attended by a proper num ber of tueir own surgeons, who, under ruL* to be es tablished, shall be permitted to take charge of tLeir health and comfort. I also propose that these surgeons shall act as commissaries, witu power to receive and distribute sneh contributions of money, food, clothing, end medicines a* rosy be forwarded for the relief of the prisoners, i further p oposo that these surgeons shell be selected by tbeir own government, end that they shall have full liberty, at any and all times, through the agents of exchange, to moke report* not only of thair owu acta, bat of any matters relating to the weUsnTof the prisoners. Respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT OULD, Agent of Exchange. Mqjor General E. A. Hitcucock, Agent of Exchange. The Speaker—The hour of the gentleman has expired. Mr. Randall—I move tho gentleman from Georgia be allowed to proceed. Mr. Blaine—l.do not object; but before the gentleman from Georgia passes from the subject upon which he is now speaking, I would be glad to know The Speaker—If there be no objection the gentleman from Georgia will have leave to proceed. There was no objection. Mr. Blaine—I believe the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. Hill] was a member of the Confedera e Senate. I find in a historical book of some authenticity of character that in the Confederate Congress Senator Hill, of Georgia, introduced the following resolution, relating to prisoners Mr. Hill—You are putting roe on trial now, are you ? Go ahead. Mr. Blaine—This is the resolution: That every person pretending to be a soldier or officer of the United States who shall be captured on the toil of the Confederate States after the let day of January, 1863, shall bo prosumod to have entered the territory of tue Confederate States with the intent to incite insur rection and abet murder, and unless satisfactory proof bo adduced to the contrary before the military court before which the trial aliali be bad, shall suffer death. Tnia section shall continue in force antil th* proclama tion issued by Abniham Lincoln, dated at Washington ou the xxd day of September, 1863, shall be rescinded, and the policy therein announood shall be abandoned, and no longer. Mr. Hill—I will say to tho jjenlleman from Maine, very frankly, that I have not the slightest recollection of ever hearing that resolution before. Mr. Blaine—The gentleman does not deny, however, that he was the author ot it? Hill—I do not know. My own impres sion is that I was not the author of that re solution ; but I do not pretend to recollect the circumstances. If the gentleman can give me the circumstances under which it was introduced, they might recall the matter to my mind. Blaine—Allow me to read further. October 1. 1862.—The judiciary committee of th* Confederate Congress mode a report and off >red a ret of resolution* upon the subject of President Lincoln’s proclamation, from which the following are extract*: 2. Every white person who shall act os a commis sioned or nan-commissioned officer commanding ne groes or inulattocs acnin-t tne Confederate States, or who shall arm, organize, train, or prepare negroea or ... malattoea for military service, or aid them in any mili tary enterprise agsinst the Confederate States, wail, if captnrod, suffer death. 3. Every commissioned or non-commissioned officer of the enemy who shall incite slaves to rebellion, or pretend to give them freedom under the aforementioned act of Congress wd proclamation, by abducting ->r causing them to be abdneted, of inducing them to ab scond, shall, if captured, suffer death. Thereupon Senator Hill, of Georgia, is recorded as having offered the resolution I have just read. Hill—I was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in the Senate. B aine—And this resolution came direct- '.y from that committee ? Hill—It is very probable that, like the Chairman of the Committee on Rules at the last session, I may have consented to that report. [Laughter.] Blaine The geutleman then admits that he did make that report ? Hill—I really do not remember, but I think it more than likely. A member (to Mr. Blaine)—What is the book? Blaine—The book from which I read is eutitled “Republicanism in America,” by R. Guy McClellan. It appears to be a book of good credit and authenticity. I, merely want it settled whether the gentleman from Georgia was or was not the author of the resolution. Mr. Hill. I say to tho gentlemen frankly that I really do not remember. Mr. Blaine—The geutleman does not say he was not the author. Mr. Hill—1 do not. I will say this: I think I was not the author. Possibly I re ported the resolution. It refers in terms to “ pretended,” not real soldiers. Mr. Blaiue—1 thought that inasmuch as the gentleman's line of argument was to show the character of the confederate policy, tbis might aid him a little in calling up the facts pertinent thereto. [Laughter and ap plause.] Mr. Hill—With al) due deference to the gentleman, I reply he did not think any such thing. Ho thought he would divert me from the purpose of my argument and break its force by Mr. Blaine—Ob, no. Mr. Hill—He thought he would get up a discussion about certain measures presented in tbe Confederate Congress having no rela tion to the subject now under discussion, but which grew out of tbe peculiar relation of the Southern States to a population then in servitude—a population which the Confed erate Government feared might be incited to insurrection—aud measures were doubtless proposed which the Confederate Government may have thought it proper to take to pro tect helpless women and children in the 8outh from insurrection. But I shall not allow myself to be diverted by tbe gentleman to go either into tbe bistoty of slavery or of domestic insurrection, or, as a friend near me suggests, “ John Brown’s raid.” 1 know this, that if I or any.gentlfipien on the com mittee was the author of that resolution, which I think more than probable, our pur pose was not to do injustice to any man, wo man er child, North or South, but to adopt what we deemed stringent measures within the laws of war to protect our wives and children from servile insurrection and slaugh ter while our brave sons were in the front. ’That. ieg!|, l|ir But, sir, I have read a letter from the Confederate Commissioner of Exchange, written in 1864, proposing that each tude send surgeons with the prisoners: that they nurse and treat tbe prisoners; that tbe Federal authorities should send as many as thoy pleased; that those surgeons bo com missioned as commissaries to furnish sup- Iprih Page.}