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H. CARLTON & CO. DEVOTED TO OUR POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND INDUSTRIAL INTEREM3. VOL 4. NO. 43 ATHENS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, JULY 11, 1876. pt Atjjras Georgian. Miss C. JAMES National Educational I jj.c'AULrON & CO., Proprietors, fjjs OF SUBSCRIPTION: e copy- °" e Y * Hr . c opY, Si< Month*, ” COP^* Th«*ee Month*,-~«... > v r - oFadvbk using. $400 .. too BO IS NOW BECEIV1NQ DIRECT FROM NEW YORK I ■ a elioico itod select stock of Millinery and Fancy Goods, Yonr attention h Invited to hor Grand Opening of Pattern Hats on April 14th. Also to tier nnu.ualiy tow frioofi. Association. _ Call end be convince 1. at her Store 0:1 Broad St., U- its will bo inserted at ONE * w ® ei1 ®r «. Long* A Billnpsun ’ Smith's Drue Stores, l U * * ** Athen-sGa. sprlU * want intellectual men taught at otir colleges great problems to be worked oat in 'his de- ness. There is a vast amivint of wea’th to bo learned agriculturalists, who will bo partroent of the experimental sciences, bear* Cali oruia. Most of the land is owned l.v a able to toil others what to do. not to be ing directly upon the great question of food few otpitaKsts, making it almost an impos , r '.' ' , ,rc for tne first insertion, and rV r i f S p r for each continuance. u i lei one month Foi longer „j; H lilK.-r.il ded tetion will Ik.* made. A lr,' ,',|'itl to te i li solid- ‘"id in local «■ >'iuina, less than a square :enu a lino. jEGAL A.DVBUT1SEM KNTS. „ (or L our. ,.i OMrtM’h'P..- ™ lion Cor ASmlnlrtratar. 5 00 hcalloa lor to 1 r 1 ,,,,minion (in.ntion 6 » .ofLtoJ. *c..n»r !•»«•«* ... ~ 0 60 .,*rtjr, lOU-ty*, p*rI 60 ir S-rttoo,*) **. v5 ~* 3 j, ri*l«**, »H*r «h|d *rc ~ —• riff >L»rt u.'f ft fc |*r *juaiT. t\41«vi«*r’< ***. I*«*r *| ure •I„« irv ff .rin'^v, |*r a»j iarr, e.tcn lime. , 2 50 upni4.4ni. R. NsCKIUDuN. Y II. WYXN. i.i we - ... 1 50 flit- uiMVf rat<*s corrected by •in irv ol riurke County. isiisss ail Professional Cards. II*. R. LITTLE, At to mey at Law, CARXESVILLE, GA. pril.KlSJS.tf. _ J. 8. DORTCH, Attorney at Law, CARNESVILLE, GA. iril.lS.lrTS.tf. VI. Jackson. JACKSON & Mr. President and Gentlemen—In dis cussing the legitimate duties of au Agricul tural Professor, we lay down this postulate: Agricult are should lie tanglit as' a science. Other proposition* which grow ont <if thist wi 1 lie considered in connection with it, sinh as its negative. Agriculture should not he taught as an art, and the Agricul- tural Professor s .ould 1,.- an experimental ist, that he might substantiate doubtful truths and develop others from the arcana of nature. We shall endeavor in the outset to find \ out, if possible, what the Congress of the L. W. Thomas. i ho a: AS, Attorneys at Law, Athens, Georgia. c. d. Tul l, VirOJiNEY AL LA w, ATHENS, GEORGIA. m.i|.t ntleution (riven to all business ami tlic rnme totally Mdieted. __ .j.inll-ly. POPE BARROW, 177 0 ftjVLJT A 2 LA IV, ATHENS, GA. OIKrein Mr. J U. Newton's new building. nt.ty. . _ E. SCHAEFER, COTTON BUYER, TOCCOA CITY, OA. iffhcAt Cs*U Price |witl lor Cotton. V Oin* uiul l*rt*tw. A. K. CHILD#. GUILDS, NICKERSON & CO. DEALERSIN Hardware, Iron, Steel, Nails, FAIRBANKS^ SCALES, RUBBER SBLTZ1T8, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, Mill Findings, AGENTS FOR Winship and Sawyers Cotton Gins, &c., &c., &c. t'ruevu eroMoi . ; United States expected of the Agricu tural A 1 HEN8, GEORGIA. • Colk ,„ e as es , a i ll i s i Ie d by their inunifieent GINS DELIVERED IN A rilENS AT MANUFAC- ! donation of public lands, estimated to lie 0 . * iCEs. j wort j, „j x millions of dollars. If we can ascertain the reasons which influenced them, we have a foundation on which to build the logic of this question. Without entering into particulars, we simply state a few facts hv which the distinguished gei.- Iffiifican Slid Imported ffakies, Clack?, JcWtlrr,! llcnitm from Vermont, who introduced the SILVER AND rLATED WARE, * I 'i' 11 ' 8 ". cc, 'r d< ^ v»«'vincing tloi.gress tha« w, . itliese institutions were a neces-i v ot the nnslcal Instruments, tins. Pistols, Etc. ,, . ... .. . I_ ’ times He shooed Irom the statistics ol WATCI1E8, CLOCK* A* D J WE’.HV RKPA KK:> IX A SCAT, j till* COUIltiy that ill OI1C sillglc dee.lde ifl'OIII WORKM.vXL KE M XXKII, ] 1810 to 18 '0) tllC wileat Crop of tllC S.X And warranted to givo entire satisfaction. j New England States had fillcn off alioitt Ornamentsa*d Plain Ldt-r KnprttnnpaSpteMtg. | 100 pci Cent, and the |Hitnlo crop about (>U ’ j per cent. That ill the Southern and West- C0LII8I AVISOS, casltKfrooSeolSt««C:rac,Ain5»S.OA. ! ern wheat growing States, the decrease had feh.tstf. | been about the same as in New Eng and ; j while the wheat crop in the State of New -Jfr J J, i York from 1845 to 181*0 had dwindled from * ; thirteen to six mihions of husiiels. And s • of the tobacco crop of Virginia, and the Paper Read Before the Industrial Section of the National^ Edu cational Association, Bal* re, July 11, 1876. lucre day laborers themselves. Young and clothing for the human race. sibility for a /;oor man to own a home— ! men are not aeut to ntilttary schools to i jt is known that nitrogen is the only or- eipecially a fatm. BY DR. E M. PENDLETON. Pro- ! Iwun.to drill as common soldier*, hut to be ' ganic element exhausted from soils in its! A Libo.ing man can get to'erahly goo 1 ' commanders; ; and so we should teach our available forms, and need d to be applied va.es—an average of 40 00 per month, students, inspiring them with high thought* for their restoration. It is known that this the year nund— yet, that man jnteks his of their profession, airtf t*tiohing them that element constitutes four fifths of the atrao*- Wa A*«t» ami sleeps in the barn. phere, and all soils, even the most barren, | II. P. E and family, nmelf and family, contain enough ot it witben the depth of and a few others, have just returned from twelve inches to make several hundred crops.! a flying visit to the Pacific coast. We had Two Dollars per annum, in advance. OLD SERIES, VOL 56. uot heard in vain, ile was sus- tho country, and, in 1874, stood the acknowledged head ot the Democratic party in the State of New York, and their obvious and inevitable candidate tor Govern or, to which office he was elected in Novem ber, 1874, by a majority ot over 50,000, fesHor of Agriculture— State College of Agriculture and I Mechanic Arts. University of Georgia. oouvictMi Lethal tnanui-1 labor is not and and diswmi.iate many agricultural truths, are deli* ions. The ehief occupation 1. 'arm-' peal was t canuotbe made a legitimate part of a college they have acquired, tor the benefit of the ing, stock raising and dairying. Farmers tallied by course. Parents;caimot afford to pay board masses; others not availing themselves of are well supplied with machinery. Al! for their sons to <Jo what they could better the golden opportunities offered them or from kinds of threslietv, mowers, reiqicrs, sulky- leant at home, eveifiift^eir tuition is given natural incapacity will have to be reduced to rakes, steam engines, etc, are u-a-d. them. The art of agriculture is very rim- tie ranks in some one of the avocations of Emploiers understand getting the worth pie and may be 1 anted much better by ap- life. ; of their 'money; they rush from daylight w ., prenticeship than in any other way We It may not be amiss to mention a few of the till dark. Stock raising is a monied husi- axai st a isirresponding majority in favor of — — U1 *“— L J "* L: j ^ : - ! 'Governor Dix two years before. His mes sage at the opening ot the, Legislature in 1875, and his annual message which followed a week later, confirmed the impression which had been iornted of his statesmanship and ahility, and gave to his name a national tame Tl*e vigor with which he prosecuted the various measures of administrative re form in the State, has led already to an econ- o ny ot several millions of dollars in our ex penditures ; it has stopped in a large meas ure, if not completely, the demoralizing wa-te on our can ds; it has established through the State service a new and higher standard ot official morality; it promises rapid diminution of our taxes and to emanci pate the industry of our State from burdens which threatened to destroy it. Besides oc cupying a position in the first rank of his profession us n lawyer, Mr. Tilden is one of the most accomplished po'i iid economists living. There is no man in our country wm> has had such a large, varied valuable |s>liiicul experience. He commenced his study of |Kiliiical economy, n lad ot 15, at Sept. 30—1-tf. F. **. TAt-tylADC36, Agent for Win ocUfOwti. in agricul ure as in everything else, knowl edge is power and money too. “ 5“rjart experience tells in ereriooil, That Ihwe that think moot govern ttioso that ton.” In Industrial Schools purely it might bo forms, the product of the soil diminishes annul well to teach the science *.t agriculture, and ; ally until the farmer has to turn them out to have a tnodel farm to apply stiieiuitie truths! cultivate newdands, or buy nitrogen froml IIV flip lfllinP Af VAII1III* 111mi ns n tnnnna tn aL. LI.. iL. But because this element exists in unavailable n splendid time—went in light wagons, and . .* _ j—* J * 1 — !l ”• " 1 carried our tents and provisions; we camped by the labor of young iiiqTj as a means to their education ilu*„ t < far as our the Pacific isles or the waste of our cities to , . . restore his soils. Tlte problem is, how may ImnvMga g air thaw ^MiiiriHnliAfiws'iuis. ihawitangrumf ihe almaiphtra ,be.made to nave failed. In connection with a Univcr- unite with oxygen or hydrogen, by some sity, where every boy should be placed upon an equal tooting, and where there is always a discrimination in favor of knowl edge as against labor, the scheme is Utopian to the last degree. Here 1 am well satis fied that the higher truths of Agricultural Science should be tanglit the student, and let hint go out into the world and reap the practical belt) fit from bis own observations; just like the physician, who soon learns to apply the science when lie begins to prac tice the art, and often lias to unlearn what was taught him at clinical lectures in city hospitals, because the circumstances stir- roundin r the broken-down, ili-ted patients were abnormal. Baron Liebig lias well said, “ You must teach the Science of Agriculture a* purely, that is, witli as little reference to applica tion as the s*ience of geometry or trigo nometry is taught.” And he says further, ••The agricultural depurtmeu* of a college without an ex|icrimetital station is simply nonsense. The only method by which you can possibly advance and develop agricul ture is by experiments; that is the only plan, for there is no branch of industry so completely built up by experiments as agri culture.’’ cheap process, so as to be made available plant fo>id, or how may the organic nitrogen of the soil existing so abundantly be thus changed to accomplish the same beneficent purpose. Auothcr problem in reference to the same dement: It is known that the nitrogen which the cereals take up from the soil, is converted by plants into what we term abuminoids or fiesh formers, and when eaten as food, is converted into flesh, which is constantly undergoing transformation; the food supp’yiiig new nitrogen, the mus cles throwing off the old, which is carried out of the system in three forms, viz : urea, hippuric and uric acids It is further known that these substances readily decompose in a short time the nitrogen uniting with the hydrogen, forming ammonia; which lieing volatile, unites with the carbonic aci 1 of the atmosphere and escapes into the upper re gions. The problem is, ** How can these substances be saved aud utilized econom ically for the use of man, and thus prevent a waste of millions of pounds of nitrogen from every city and farm-yard in the lam I?’’ Similar problems might be state 1 in refer ence to all the important minerals entering into plant*, especially phosphoric acid, the out and enjoyed it finely. We bathed in the great ocean, and rtrolled up amt down the beach, for several days gathering shells, picking pebbles, mid watching the iihmy sea lions batho,tiltniseives. .We returned at night to orfFwjmp, which was q iitolie.ir the light house, and feasted on tre-h fish, sardines aud muscle . The whole trip was enjoyable—it being the only p'cjsure I had indulged in since I came t<> this State. Most of the 1 ud in this country is lightly timbered, though for a few miles as tve | the toot of President Van Buren From neared the coast, 1 noticed q die a forest, j that day to this he has been iu direct and We traveled over qni.e a scope of country, | confidential intercourse with tne highest po- passing through Silinas and Moutery i litical authorities ot the country, always Montcry is a quiet old town, mostly iuliab drawing his inforuiatiou whether of facts or BOOT ADD SHOE MANUFACTURER, E. .4. WILLIAMSON, PRACTICAL ATCIIMAKEll AND JEWELLEU, i>r. Kuy'a Ui'.uf sure, liroo.1 Street, Alliens, Gn. «■ .Tit .lone in a .tqierior manner and warranted to , olwliiction. •** n - 8 — l *- II. & HI RASHER, AllO7L Ytir A7 L. 1 H\ WA TKINSVILLE, GA. .fit! i li form a r iLHcc. jan2;>-ly A G. McCURR V, ATTomsrxrs- at HARTWELL, CE B 5..V. I.!, jitr ittriol |ur>aajl uttetiuu.i to ail huiiuc** e»* •i<l t*» ni-i cure. Au,j. 4—40—ly. REMOVAL! ~ ' I. A. SALE, DEJY2IS2, K. ilJV iD to tUf urilco lately occupied by Dr. J. Mjrrt... P. G. THOMPSON, -Y t to r a e y u, t La w, n't-ii attention paid to enmiu»! practice. For refer- - J *pp v to Kx. iJjtr. T. tl. tVatUmnd Hon. David M->tit|fjin.'ry A*^ UJQoe over Hurry’e Stor. , imv*, (k Feb. 3—tf, FRA XK HARRALSVN, AL'rjilNEY AT LAW, CLEVELAND, GA. ll\ in the couutiet* of White, Union, Lum on 1 Fanning, and the Hupremu Court at P-cu, Will give itpcciol attention to all cl*im*cn- O'lnlto hix care. Aug. 11 1875—41—tf. COLLEGE AVENUE, jVext Boor to Pont Office. O N hand, Upper* for malting Low Quartet ere**. Alc’xi*-Tie*. mid Prince Aliieit*. ffunm. •r*at h*rgatii9 Riven in everything at ir_tf nri’L BrKKF*> Rn.»k store. JOHN IF. 0 IP EX, Attorney at Law> TOCCOA CITY, GA. *\ ill1 practice *m all the oounlie* of the Western Cir- ‘L dir. and Madi«on of the N •rtliern Circuit. Wid > *pecial iittrnion to all claim-t ( utraated to hi±.care. ftrou-ly. V amap. Coun. Howell Cobb. L. & II. COBB, Attorncys at Law, Athens, Ga. Office in Denproe Building. cotton crop of the Southern States. He further showed that as a consequence of this g* nernl deterioration *«f the s--i s ol the : country, while its population iiad increased j 35 per cent, in a decade, the meat produc ing animals had only increas.d20 percent. Then the restorati n of our soils to their j. ^-primal ertilitv was the underlying objects o. jrre-s. Alt-xis-Tir., and Pnnca Alucrt**. li**i*uir- I:, ,, , - - ' I- , ■ ns promptly .xeenkst.’ j tile whole.-eh me; and,-rowing out ot this as Srnd ten dulliint, per mill rexpro** an.l yon shall re j a necessary result, ail in- reuse of all thcag ' t "in'n»xir t is- l !r* p:l,ro1 .. , 1 rieultiiral p.oducla of the countrv, to feed and clothe its inhabitants, and supply a snr Great Reduetiatt in Prices ! u « i,,c,easi "- ,kma,, u ‘ h " L^or the next thirty davs, Bnekets. Wall f The legitimate inference from these fact -Mk.’SS'Jf* u “ oro ™ mt,,t * 1 Ww>d *«*• i is that agri.-ul ure must be tanglit as ; GREATLY REDUC ED PRICES. | «-iem-e, not as an ait. Can .ve stipposc-f.-r Sow is thMlrno to make your houses b'-auilftil at low j a moment that C/OllgfeSS 111IC11 ■ I**ll to liav. lab .rer-train* <1 in ;hesc iustitutimisto worh on farms, or to lie skilled in '.Ol* mere an * f agriculture, so th it they .-.h mhl hilai: tit niselvett or direct the labor of others? Far irom it. Their object was to develop the fir-t minds in the laud as scientific agri culturists, who could do ibr America wlia Liebig bad done for Gcmtanv, BotHsingauh for Fiance aud l.awes tor England. Ye: much more than thi->, they wanted men educated here who could take up Agricul tural Science where these men left it, and add to it from year to year by iuduetiou. until it oecu, icd the prominent position to which it is en itled i.i the eyes of the scien ttfic world. In order to do this, the Pro fessor of Agriculture must r.o\ lie a mere teacher, but an experimentist also, as the -ciettce which lie proposes to teach is in cltoate and there is much more to leant o it than thvre is to teach. We have but entered within the vestibule of this magnifi cent temple, and he who simply propose to gather up tlic little taught by others ami adtl nothing himself to the great store house of human knowledge, is unworthy the position lie occupies. In order to accomplish th -se great ends, means must be discovered by which our soils might not only be cultivated without exltaus.ion, but r stored to their former fertility, and even beyond it; and that by a process which would at the same time re munerate tlios.* win* cultivate them. The projectors of this scheme foresaw that aim p'e art, however aki.lcd, could never work out this great problem; that nothing but > science -:*iuld do it, under a combination <>. gifted minds, with all the aids afforded by liberal endowments to instil iitions set. apart ibr this specific ptirjmse. Then we hesitate ■ not to affirm that whenever these iustitn- Wlteti an Agricultural Professor has sue- j first mineral element exhausted from soils, eeeded in convincing bis students and bis ! the sparest of all the important el ments, confreres that agriculture as a science, of the one needed most tor the seeds of all high order, not pure and tiumixcd like I plants, and the one which, more readily mathematics but a comprehensive ay.-tom ' than any other, passes into insoluble ami CASH FOH. WOOL, l 1 LOTII FOR WOOL. Tlic At lien* Manufacturin'? Cmnnunv arc now ttiak>u • :• ••ucii lawr variety of Woolen Gooita thau ever before, ■ud prtHHwc to Exchange them for Wool, Micvintf it to be more to the interest of the Planter tc» Kxchun>ruthc Wool for Cloth, rather than have itOar.I- cd and Spuu at Louie. Cnl! Air Sample* and Term* ot Fxoitnnire. K. L. BLOOMFIELD, A pent. May 19, 1875—29-tf. Miss C. Potts, Kasliiormblo Dressmaker (Over Universitr Dank.) Broad Street, - - - Athene. Would re*peotfn!!y inform the Ladle* and her :riend- .'encndly, of Athen* and vicinity, that she i* now pre pared to do Drem making in the’ Neatest and most fashionable styles. With her experience in the bnsine**, *ho feel* *ure ol jiving *ati*laction. Mnv 14, 1S75—28-tf. GENERAL TICKET AGENGY. RAILROAD TICKETS For sole, by uU routes, and to nil principal |>ointa in the UNITED STATES. Buy your Ticket* before leaving Athene, and get oil nlonnution from Capt. WM. WILLIAMS, Airent Southern Express Co., Atheas, Ga. May 12, 75 ALEX. S. ERWIN, Attorney at Law, Athens, Ga. thin nil Broad Street, between Center Jb f,-.j lVC ' a "’' ^ rf * Ol., up stairs. Llrt -itY and Tale stable itr 'iaget, Ilu;ii/ fa and limes for Hire. TERMS REASONABLE Nomg* II1TKI,KAI> , W«hin S ton. Wlllw, Co., G R I tions nr any of the Professors connected R. SAULTER, DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF WINES, WHISKIES and I.AGEK BEER. ALE, GIS, CIGARS, CALL AT SAULTEUS EXCHANGE, jAraaoa Stbeet, Atiifss, Gioxeu. . . . - , - ... ... ... Oct. 2—d-tt. ! with them, inagmty other studios to the — 1 ————— j detriment of these, so go outside of tin* Livery, Peed and Sale Stable, curriculum r« r their teeing, they «Ri- w 1 v t stile the pa e «t their legitimate duties, and Athens, Georgia. j tail to conitiass the etuis intended by the GANN & REAVES 1‘ROPhIETORS in initic.nt donation of Congress But bow Will lio found »t their old **tand, rear Preukiin Hoiimt i s he to learn and to developo the truths ot hnildintr, Tliomas street. Keep always on hand mod this complex science so as to be able to Turnouts and careful driver*. Stock well cared for - - — - * • .then entrusted to our care. Stock on hand for sale at 'I times. deetstf. A. A. WINN, . i. —iWith— srud3< & co. Ootton '* % aotors. —And— G-mnJ Com n'ssion Merchants, , . Savannah, Ga. '¥?’ T .‘“> »nd other supp'ics fnniishet. iT7“"* r *' •»«'! a tvancci made on conaianmeut# for Planters’ il »tel, Augusta, Ga. •Mils WELL KNOWN HOTEL HAV . ilia been Remodeled, Enlarged, tiioroujrhiy Re*.- >v:itrd, Repainted slid Newly Furnished dnrio? th:- Sii n*imr of 1S7.V, is now opened, with increased fie li- MS fur the accommodation of the travedinx public, febt-ly B. P. CHAT FIELD, Proprietor. ' l,r shipment to Uverpool or Norti^rn F’reali Meats, '• J HEAD & W. F. HOOD, Coax i» VccvDKr a-D Ooo- xx c hixi ik ldRE8HBBEF, MUTTON. PORK, AND SAUSAGE, Boloitn, S.iusaec). Our 8oUo>tO' I* «ra.t nmdy to supply the went* of the f Athen*. Please five us your orders and we per.eet esti»£*ctio... J J. HEAD &, CO. I)R. MEDICAL NOTICE At the solicitation of many of my former patrons, I resume the . ■Practice of Medicine irom this dste. I will psy espeoU! attention to tlie dis- ;se of Infants and Children, snd the Ciimuic Diseases Female*. WM KING, M. D June 1«, lS75-8»-ly. PRICES WAY DOWN! Mlsw O. TAMES, I S SELLING MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS st price* lower than ever before: lists trimmed JOHN GERDINE, U Late or Mississippi, WlNO DECIDED TO MAKE ATHENS niS to ih- Lv* homt * *°* temlera b» |*cofo«siBnsl servior. otueia er Athens sad Its vicinity. OIBoe on '■'VIOV St^ IX XK » ICtLOtKJ of Jowf H, Nkwtox's, 'iwn ^ fe,lna from A o’clock a. m. to G r. xt. with Ribbons and flowers at $1.00; Clip Hat* at $1.5*'} Po nel* lists st 7Sc; No. 12 snd 10 B bhons st 20 stid SSet*.; A bcautlfbl line of Necktim, Bnohlnrs Silks, Flowers, Striped Stockings, Back Comb*. Corsets,Hsnd- kerehiefs and msnv other artie<es. Please m*e her a call snd be convinced at her store on Brood fit* between Dm Ukhs * Billups and Smith’s Dura Stone*. mayS.im. utuus- js, MISS C. JAMES. A. M. COCHRA X, OA.xjsrss’vriisXsBJ, o-a., Real Estate and General Land Ajrso* for the pnrabase and sale of Mineral and Farming Lands in Hall, and the other counties of Northeast Georgia. Mineral ores tested and title, to property investigated. Special attention given to the purchase and a: le of J. N. DCtKSEY, Attorney. mays—Cm teach them to others? This can only be done by tli-.- i-stahiishuieiil of experimental Htati-di* in roanection with o-tr Agricultural Collegi-s. How else can Agricultural Science lit? elu*-id:it -<l ? 11-ttv else can our soils b • improved so as to jiroditee renitinemtive c.ops ? Ti n*-, if we master-what has been learned at the experimental stations in Eti» ro e, we e .u teach iitncli of Agiicultural S,-ience in the abstract, and murii that bear* indirectly on our soils, climate and pro* d-tets; liui what would the Agricultural Pro.essor iu Georgia kuonr altoat the lial.i- tildes of tli coltou plant, the a*ti's adapted to it, the ti rtilizers requisite for it, the dis eases to which it is sul jeet,or anything else about it of im|>ortaiiCc- to the planter from the experimental stati.ms of England or Germany? Aud so of many dfferent pr<Nluctsiii every si-cti-*u ol the country. In order to accomplish these great results then, the Agricultural Piofeasor has to lie a stuilcut as well ax a teacher, and we take it that the first gro t duty devolving upon him is to acquaint hiin»el£ by all the means in his power, with the soils, geological for mations, agricultural prod acts aud clima tology of the state in which he is called to teach agticullt.re. For, however much lie may be leante*! in the truths which apply to Agricultural * iettec, there is much that immediately, surround* him that general science can never leach. But there is a great diff -rence between of Natural Seieuce, so complex that it is difficult to acquire; so proiotnid that it challenges the homage of t* o most gifted minds, he has surmounted perhaps tlic greatest hairier to success. For the fact cannot be disguised that many are im pressed, especially yonng and unthinking minds, with the idea that agriculture is uardly respectable enough to be introduced is a regular course i i a college curriculum. Not only siuden s, but learned Professors vho teach from the musty tomes ol c.assi- al lore handed down fur ages, are apt to tie impressed with the idea of their supe riority over the man who has no higher .---tiling .than to teach tlic wliys aud where fores ot' making bread and meat. Added to this l'tct ail other teaching looks to the acquisition of some profession or pursuit in *! e, while it is a fact, up to this present -tour, that agriculture is not an occupation to be sought lor hyjStuduots at college, or to be taught only by apprenticeship as an rt, lower iu the scale that: the very sim- •lest mechanical arts. Not respectable! vVhy, agriculture has to do with all three of the kingdoms of nature, the vegetable, lie mineral ami the animal. It opens to he view of the admiring student the atiat- •my and physiology of plants. It unlocks the great storehouse of meteorology, “ the .reusurcs of the snow and hail; lunv the light is parted which seatterelh the east win-1 upon the earth, and the way of the ightning and thunder, to cause it to rain m earth, to satisfy the desolate and waste ground, aud to cause the otulof the tender icrb to spring forth.” It imparts a thorough knowledge of soils, geologically and agri culturally, the relations of heat and mois ture to vcge ahle growth, the capillary and uygrnscopic power of soils, both as to gases md fluids, th. ir relations to^$11 organic an<l inorganic substances existing in or above them. Intimately a seriated with this is he chemistry of the atmosphere, the rela tion of its oxygen, nitrogen* ozone andoar- Imnic acid to plant life. Tne chemistry of soils, the mineral and organic elements of plants, and their forms and combinations in -oils and products, ami growing out of this tne great la-.vs tu.it govern vegetable nu trition, embracing a sci. ntific knowledge of crtilizcrs ami natural manures. It also .ea lies the laws that govern animal nutri tion ; how plants organize food from mill- nils and gasses, converting them into car- Ito-hydmtex, oils and albuminoids, to de velop the animal heat, fat, boue aud muscle of all doim-stie animals as we.l as of man himself And then, it takes up special agri culture! plants and field crops peculiar to each state and every eliinate and soil, and tells of their botanical relations and habi tudes, the diseases to which they arc sub ject, and the insects which prey u|>ou them, or upon each other for their benefit; thus opening up the relations of agriculture to tue science of entomology. AH of these and many points uot even touched ujion here arc embrace-1 in a thor ough course of s i-ntiiic agriculture; so that he who teaches it must be a learned man, and he who learns it must bu a hard student, and poss-ss intellectual powers capable of grasping the most abstruse prob lems, and a wotdoni to a ply to eco to.itical uses wha' he has learned tor tlie benefit of hi* follow.mut. But we ate met with the objection, where will so niaiiy scientists find employment, if we are tint to learn men to do larm wo k at these institutions? From present indica tions it does uot appear tint there will be more to graduate with honor tb^n will fill tbe high iiositinus now offering on every hand to the learned agriculturalist. Some are de manded as Editors ot our- agricultural Journals, some as commissioners in our Ag ricultural bureaus and others as professors in our Industrial colleges, while uot a few will become the owners and directors of our large handed estates, or, having less means, head the squads on our smaller farms with strong arms and willing minds, by uot only directing the ialmr and inculcating tbe prin cipal* they have been taught, but by setting the example of industry to their laborers, and thus become thrifty and independent Out of more than two hundred students who have attended our course for the lost four unavailable form*; and so of potash, mags ncsia, iron, sulphur and all p'ant constitu ents. - hese are question* of magnitude constantly rising, which it is expected of our Agricultural protessors to solve for the benefit of the cultivators of the soil. The great discovery of Liebiir, that solu ble bi-ph«isuhate of lime was the s)iecial form needed by plauts, has bad more to do witli tbe success of agriculture, lioth in Eu- rope and America, than perhaos all other- combiued. Every superphosphate maim, factory in the civilized world stands as monuments to his memory, and the capital invested in them, do |M.>rpetual homage t>» his genius. In this connection, we can but notice how much is being saved anmta.ly, by the cot ton planters of the South from the recent improvements in Agricultural science, based upon this great discovery of Liebig’s. At our Experimental station, it has been established, that on the worn soils of Middle Georgia, (Eozoic formation) the application of five dollars worth of nitrogen and phos phoric acid in available forms, will increase the p -eduction of co ton one hundred per cent., for three years, over the natural soil, without a re-application; thus saving half the labor iu the cultivation of this great staple. It is the application of such scien tific truths to the soils of Georgia that en ables her to compete sticcesslully with the rich lands of tlte West in the production of cotton, and has placed her the highest, by odds “f all the States in the purchase and use of fertilizers. When it is remembered that agriculture is the basis of all human society, the sustio- anceot all human lite; that without it the trade ot the artisan, the navigator, the manufac turer aud every other profession and calling in life would utterly fail; that twelve hun dred millions ot human beings de|iend upon it for their daily sustinance; that nine-tenths of tlie fixed capital ot all civilized peoples i* embaikcd in it, and more than two huudred millions of men are daily labnriug with brain and muscle iu its interests, is it not wonderful that the learned and the great have been so slow to acknowledge its inqtorutnce, and to provide means for the development ot its tiuths, while millions arc expended in other and less important systems of educa tion, many of which result iu as little real benefit to mankind os the struggle ot the alchymists tor the philosopher’s stone. Thus we have consumed the time allotted us in the presentation of our views on this important subject, and must close hoping that they may elicit from others a caudi-i hearing, especially from those who, having pursued a different policy, have utterly fail-, ed of success. We feel safe in announcing to-day that these principles are working successfully, at least in one ot the institutio s ot the country, and we doubt not will accom plish the same result iu every instanoe witli men to enforce them, who are equal to the emergency, and “ iu whose vocabulary there is no such word as fail.” ited by tbe Spanish. I am sorry to say that religious work- are not regarded so warmly as in the East There are churches and earnest ministers iu the cities and towns, yet, the m ij >rity of tUep ople seems to be unuiiudiudfui of their souis’ solvation. Iu the tew towns 1 have visited, on the Sabbath, I found most of the business houses open; and during harvest months, Sunday is a lively day for merchants Tht politics iu this .state are cniishle. uhly democratic. I find in conversing with re publicans, that most of them have b.-co.ne disgusted wit the present party in power, and are n favor of a change. A fetv of our best citizens are now at tin- Centennial The people o. Hollister are talking largely, of the fourth of July, amt the prospects for a rousing Centen.i al ee.e- brutioti there, are very ffaUcring. The Athens Georgian is quite a solace to me. It is eagerly seiz d, and its con tents greedily peruse-t. Some of my neigh bors borrow a and protto.iitce il qtti.e in teresting. I mu always imcrtsicu iu its pages. I regret very much I was not at the re union of me brave old ‘‘Troupe Artillery.” but a long space of three thousand miles divided us it would have aft"-riled me much pleasure to have been present and look my place iu tile old lovctl Company. With many good wishes tor jour luiure opinions, from original fountains, and form ing his opinions up at a I public questions under the sense ot responsibility wuich al ways attaches to leadership. Dainestic Jars. Lust night, after layiug down: in my chamber, au t lieing unable o sleep, de..- t-iou-1) cool us it wus, 1 could uot help ovei- hearing, from tne thinned* of the purtiti- n ami tne open transoms, a dialogue lietween the oecu ants nt the adjoining apurtn.tut. They were evidently mau aud wife, whom a lew years ol uiairimotiy had robbed of the sentiment they set out with. “ dune, don’t crowd tue so ; keep your own side ot the bed.’’ This iu anything but a tender tone. “ Why William, Iain not crowding you; and il 1 was, you ou^ht to be too gallant to tell me of it. There was a time when you’d have kissed me for »hat you scold me tor now.’’ The female voice shook a lutie at the couclii-i -u ot this sentence. •‘Perhaps so; hut what’s the use talking of the past? Gallantry is played out; that’s for lovers, not married folks ’’ “ Did’ut you declare, William, you’d al ways be my lover ?’’ ”1 don’t remember. I suppose I said a great many foolish things iu those days. You want to get up a scene. -.Women are death on scenes.” success, amt a imps that your pathway mav ..... , . , , be strewn with flowers, l wid wind up this ' 0,1 re <l’.wnright rude. William ; you 11 conglomeration o.' penmanship tor the pres j ,,mke * m ' u *"“• Mr - ^ouipsou. f ! waw evidently getting up her tern per. J If Truly, your frieud, E. S E. j y«*u --aid foolnm things to those days, 1 aid * > one when l married you. •‘ 1 wislt you hadn’t.” “ do do 1, with all my heart; you can’t regret it worse than I do.’’ [ 1 de.est being iu uuex|>ected confident ot any one, particularly of men aud their wives. 1 huu already coughed and hemmed a dozen times to let them know 1 wan au un- willing listener; but they didn’t heed me.j ” l)o stop that tougue, you’re more of a devil thau L ever though.” *• I’m tlte devil’s wile, you wretch. I’ll get up aud sleep somewhere else, so 1 will."’ This was gettiug too bud. I was resolved to hear uo inure, sol cried out “lire!” “fire!” very lustily. Jane and William were up iu a second. As I ran into the hall, they were there, too. Jane was pretty, and the tears in her eyes caused her to look prettier, and her white robe falling gracefully about her form, made her more tuati fancy had painted her. As I got opposite the door, Mr. Thompson, who wus lu.'gingout a trunk, said to me: “ As you have nothing sir, will you be kind enough to take that buudleand fishing tacklo iu the eurner? Never mind my wife. She’ll take care of herself.” I did uot pause. I hurried down tbe hall. I was convinced that Mr. T. was a brute, ami his wile a suffering saint. 1 leave to-morrow by the early train for New York, where domestic discords aud municipal dishonesty are unknown. _ experimental farm intended to elucidate ’ years, not more than three per cant, could Agricultural Science, and a model form to | ever aspire to become eminent scientific ag- t-each tlie appliances of the Agricultural Art culturalists. A number of othere wul be able through the labor of students. Our settled 1 to make leading men in their neighborhoods, CALIFORNIA LETTER. Life in the far West An Epistle from an old member or the “Troup Artillery.” Hollister, Cal., June 18, 1876. Mr. Editor—Dear Sir: I know of no better way of wlnling away a few moments this beautiful Sabbath day, titan in scrib bling a few lines to your iuterestin' paper. The climate here is deUghttully invigor ating, and certainly the healthiest ou tlie globe The weather is generally pleasant, though* during tlte past week, we had a tew seareliing days—the thermometer Blood at 108. During tlie whiter, we have rains at in tervals tor about four montlts, then it ceases to fall; and in lieu ot rains during the summer, we have heavy fogs occasion ally, cooling the atmosphere, and refreshing our feelings. We have a pleasant breeze nearly every afternoon. Tbe general produce is. wheat, barley, flax, vegetables and fruits. The grain grown here is usually very fine. It will av erage, this year, about five feet in height. The valley lands are rich and very produi- tive. All vegetables raised here are unsur passed—gardens require irrigation through* out tbe summer. No laud on earth can produce fitter fruits than this State; they SAMUEL J. TILDEN. [Albany Aigtu.l Samuel J. Tilden, Governor of the State of New York, was born at New Lebanon, iu Columbia county, in 18 2. llis lather, Elam Tilden, was a farmer and merchant in Lebanon, and a man of very considerable lo cal influence. He was a neighbor and irietid of President Van Buren, whose po litical as well as personal continence lie shared until his deu It. He also lived iu trieUilly correspondence with most of the em inent Deinoc.ats of the day, including Gov ernor Murcy, Michael Hoffman, Governor A mkins. Colonel Young, Governor Wrigot, Comptroller Flagg, Chancellor Livingston, aud men ot t .at class, with all ot whom his son Samuel was very early brought into co •- fideutial relations. Governor Tilden com menced his collegiate studies iu Yule College iu 1837, and completed them in the Uoiver- city of New York. Iu the year 1341, in cnuuectiou with John L. O’Sullivan, lie es tablished the new*[.a[ier called the Daily Neir.s, in New York city, which under Ins editorial direction mid management, is un derstood to have exerted a decisive influence upon the election of President Polk. In 1846 he was elected to the Aessomhly from the city of New York, and in the same year was elected a member of Ihe Constitutional Convention of that year. Iu the latter body he occupied a conspicuous position on tlie Committees upon Canals and Finances, and proved himself already one of the most dis creet aud cajiable statesman of his age in the country. In 1355 he was the unsuecesstul candidate of tbe Democratic party tor Attor ney-General In 1867 he was chosen Chair man of the State Democratic Committee aud a member ot the Constitutional Convention of 1357- In this latter body he was also a prominent member of the Committee on Finances. During all these years, since 1844, Mr. Tilden had been gradually rising to the tront rank of the le^al protess o ami was finally recognized us the first railroad lawyer iu the United States. In ti e ease of the contested election of Comptroller Flagg, Mr. Tilden was a-soriuted wi it Mr. Evsrts and Charles O’Couor in sustaiuii g the valid ity ot the return in favor ot Mr Flagg as Comptroller. There is no dount that the marvelous ingenuity, the inexhaustible re source, and indefatigable energy'which he displayed iu this case, decided its fate. Mr. O'Conor was heard to remark to one of his friends, that Mr. Ttlden’s ar.ument in that case was the most remarkable intellectual effort he had ever witnessed. Tlte year* i860, 1870 and 1*71, were consecrated al most exclusively to the organization of a sys tematic attack upon tbe corrupt influences which had taken jiossessiou of the Netv York citv government, and which were acquiring a controlling influence in State legislation. Mr. Tilden was the leading spirit of the New York Bar Association, whi.li proved to be one of his most effective auxiliaries; he went to the Assembly again to secure the legislation that was needed to bring the transgressors to justice, he conducted the investigations which lest to the exposure of their crimes, the rescue of the Comptroller's office from their power, aud ultimately the arrest, flight or imprisonment of all who hod been prominent in tbe misgoverninenl and plunder ot the city. Though at that time the official head of the party in this State, he openly announced in the State Conven tion that he should oppose any nominee of the corruptionists; should neglect no means of destroyiug their powers in the legislative bodies of the of the State, aud if the con en- tion did not deem that “ regular,” he would *’ resign as Chairinau of the State Commit tee, and take his place in the ranks of his plundered fellow-citizens, and help them tight their battle of emancipation.” HU ap- GOV. HENDRICKS. He is Serenaded and Makes a Short Speech. Inianapoi.is, June 30.—Several of the New York delegates returning irom St. Louis, remained over one train this evening, to call upon Gov. Helidecks, who met them at the Occidental Hotel, and where the party were serenaded. Augustus Schell, Jno. Kelley, \Vin. Roberts, W. H. Quincy and other*, addressed the audience from the bal cony of the Hotel, pledging thetr hearty Mip|*irt to the ticket, and exhorting tbe Democracy ot Indiana to renewed efforts for victory at the coming elecii m. After these gentlemen had spoken, loud and persistent calls were made for G»v. Hendrick*, who np[ieared on the balcony and was received with tlie most vociferous anti protracted cheers. Quiet being restored, ho said: My FeUow Citizens: It is itr-posssihle for me to make an address to you thU even ing. [Cries of go on], I am here to pay my respects to distinguished citizens from other States, who are on their way home from one ot the greatest political conventions that lias ever bad a session in thU country. These distinguished men sympathize with us in the interest which we intend to protect, by the change which is to take place at the coming election. [Cbeera.3 I believe at the next election that the |ieopSe are going to express what is written in the platform ad opted at St. Louis, and what U written in the history of the distinguished man that heads the ticket, and that is thorough re form in public service. [Applause.] There is but otte other thought that I will express to you—that the platform adopted at St, Louis, declares that the resumption clause of tbe act adopted iu 1875 shall be repealed, aud the repe l of that clause carries with. it every feature ot the law which » bringing about the contraction so hurtful to the inter ests of the country. I thank you gentlemen for the compliment which you have paid me by this call. After dining with the Governor, the party leit in their special car for tbe East. Nine of the girls at Wellesley Institute, Mass., rowed Dorn Pedro op tbp (altc.