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THE ATHENS GEORGIAN: OCTOBER 31, 1876.
Rust in Wheat or Cotton.
In one of your late issues you publish
a request from the “ commissioner of
agriculture” that wheat growers try
the efficacy of nitrate of soda as a
preventive of ru-ft. Now the ques
tion arises, what is rust in wheat or
cotton ? Is it a disease of the plant?
Is it the result of insect depredation ?
Is it a fungus, the minute seed of
which float in the air and attach
themselves to the plant ? Or is it a
conjunction of circumstances which
cannot be either foreseen, governed
or controlled, but which may be in
some measure prevented by proper
cultivation, of the plant and prepara
tion of the soil ? I am convinced
from my observations, ihat the latter
is the solution of the mystery.
Without arguing tire matter, as to
whether rust is the result of disease,
insect depredation, or fungus, I will
in as few words as possible, slate my
conclusions and my reasons lor
them.
Rust never attacks wheat or cot
ton except at a particular state of its
growth, and- under the influence of a
conjunction of circumstances which
can neither be foreseen nor con
trolled. Now let us see what are
these circumstances and how do they
conspire to produce rust.
1st. Rust always makes its appear
ance in wheat (and what I say of
wheat is equally applicable to cotton)
when the grain is just reaching ma
turity, but has not yet received the
amount of nourishment necessary to
perfect it.
3d. Preceeding its appearance on
the plant there has been almost in
variably a comparatively dry spell of
weather, the stalk has become hard
and its bark brittle. They have lost
the power of rapid distention upon
the sudden influx of increased quan
tities of sap. In this state of things,
there comes a warm misty rain fol
lowed by a hot sun—a condition of
things well calculated to stimulate
growth and bring about a. rapid sup
ply of sap. This is a state of tilings
best calculated to produce rust.
Now visit vonr wheat field—select a
point of rich light loam upon which
you have based your brightest hopes
of a rich harvest. The wheat is near
ly ripe. Examine the straw—it is
fine and light—no appearance of dis
ease or injury— wait until the sun
dries the stalk, and listen attentively
—do you hear that ticking, snapping
noise in its direction ? The work of
destruction is going on. N ow cut off a
stalk—examine it carefully ws'.h your
magnifying glass, and you will find
hundreds of slits from $ to £th of an
inch long in both the leaf and stem,
and the sap oozing from every crack
—this is rust—but you say it is clear
as crystal, yes, but examine it a day
or two afterwards, and you will find
the exuded sap has become brown or
black, as the wheat was more or less
matured. If black, your wheat is
not entirely destroyed, for it was
very near maturity, lint if brown,
your wheat is lost, it was too imma
ture to perfect itself without more
nourishment and that has been inevi
tably cut off by the l ust, or rather
from the fact that its only source of
nourishment is no longer available—
the channels of supply have burst,
and your fine plump wheat has lie-
come brown or black dust, covering
the straw and leaves; and why ? be
cause it had no depth of soil to allow
the roots of the plant to keep up a
supply of moisture sufficient to pro-,
tect the stalk from' becoming ci b p
under the influence of the dry spell
of weather, or there was not enough
clay in the soil to hold moisture.
The kind of soil best calculated to
produce , rust is, light loamy porous
and,, supplied with stimulating'ma
nures and without having been bro
ken up to a depth sufficient to enab'e
the plant to send its roots to perpet
ual moisture.
The kind of land less subject to
rust is on containing enough clay to
retain the moisture, and so deeply
broken by the plough or snb-soiler as
to receive the tap root, of the plant,
and supply a sufficient amount of
moisture to resist the effects of
drought. Pull up a plant of your
cotton suffering from rust, and you
will find it has no tap root, but has
been nourished almost entirely from
the surface. Examine another plant
that has escaped the rust and you
will find a lap root peering deep into
the soil.
Now, Messrs. Editors, if my pre
mise and conclusions arc right, and I
am sure they are from frequent ob
servation, the remedy for rust is a
preventive, applied before the seed
are sown.
What effect the nitrate of soda
may have in enabling the soil to ab
sorb and retain moisture, or in giving
more pliancy to the stalk or straw, I
cannot tell. It may be worth a trial;
but I nm'satisficd that wall that can
bejhoped for, so far as its use may be
expected to act as a preventive of
rust in wheat or cotton.
Other plants and some fruits are
subject to the same accident that
produces rust iu wheat or cotton.
Smooth-skin fruits, such as the cherry,
the plum, the apricot, and also the
tomato, when almost ripe at the ter
mination of a dry spell, will split
open and decay if a warm wet spell
supervents. All observers are aware
of this fact, and it is simply because
the skin of the fruit lias become
tough under the influence of the dry
weather and cannot expand when a
large amount of nourishment is rapid
ly supplied.
Much more could be said elucida
ting ray position, but I think I have
said enough to explain my views. I
hope some abler and more observant
practical farmer will either sustain
my position or prove its fallacy. 1
seek only|thc development of truth.
Take what I have said for what it is
worth, and publish it if you think
worthy of the space.—Journal and
Messenger.
187©. 187©
LONGS & BILLUPS,
•WHOLESALE AND RET ATT,
Druggist and Chemists
AND DEALERS IN
PURE DRUG#,
PATENT MEDICINES£
CHEMICALS,
DYE STUFFS',
GLASS AND PUTTY,\
PAINTS,
OILS,
VARNISHES,
PAIN! cC- VARNISH BRUSH
ES,
ANILINES.
WHITEWASH BRUSHES,
FINE WINES WHISKIES
Purposes. l
GRA SS AND GARDEN SEED,
FINE TOILET SOAPS,
ENGLISH HAIR, NAIL &
TO OTII Bli USHES,
ENGLISH,\FRENCII& AMERI
CAN HANDKERCHIEF 'EX-
1RACTS,
HARD RUBBER TRUSSES,
LONDON SUPPORTERS,
FLAVORING EXTRACTS,
SODA,
GELLATINE,
. ND BRANDIES, for Medicinal
General Founders and Machinists,
ESTABLISHED ISSO, ATHENS; GEORGIA
Sw™* Dm. Cot.
CailNTRY Merghakt anw Physicliks
Will find.it to their advantage to
GIVE USA CALL More'PURCHASIUG ELSEWHERE!
We buy direct from the manufactories, and thus we are enabled
jan4-tf to sell very low.
The Crowning Victory
THE GEORGIAN OFFICE.
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
GEORGIAN OEFICE.
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
4
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
GEORGIAN OFFICE.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
FINE JOB PRINTING.
Bankrupt ITotLce.
Will be Eo’d on Wednesday, October 18tb.,
at.the Auction Store on Broad street, at 11
o’clock, a. m., tbe effects of E. E. Jones, bank
rupt.
sept 25 4t
II con N. Harris.
Assignee.
To Kent!
THE best, Stores, Offices, Shape, Warehouse,
DwelHugHouscs &c. E. P. BISHOP.
aug.l.tf.
No. 1. Broad St., up stairs.
Empty Barrels.
©I WILL sell from one to 75 barrels at 75o.
Come on you Syrup makers.
septA.St. K. B. SABLTEB.
Miss C. Potts,
Fashionable Dressmaker,
(Over University Bank.)
Sxoad 31x00 Ly A4:bnr>n Qa_
Would respectfully inform the Ladies and
her friends generally, of Athens and vicinity,
that she is now prepared to do Dressmaking in
the Neatest and most fashionable styles, with
her experience in the business, she feels sure of
giving satisfaction. may 14,1875—28-tf.
REMOVAL,
E. A. WILLIAMSON,
Has Removed to the Old Established House of
W. A. Talmadge, opposite Post Office College
Avenue. sept29.4t.
LEGAL BLANKS,
Neatly primed and for aale at this office.]
Read the Special Dispatch from the Centennial Exhibition to tiie
1 New York Sun:
Philadelphia, Sept. 27, 1876.—The very highest honors which could be
conferred on any exhibitor—two Medals of honor and two Diplomas of
merit—have been awarded the Singer Manufacturing Company for Sewing
Machines.
2,000,000 in Use—Sales in Excess of all Others!
THE SINGER MANIFACTUKING COM PANT, «. H. HOPE, AGENT, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
Ask your neighbors which Machine is the best; then buyjhe Singer.
R. T. ME ANY, Agent for Singer Sewing Machines,
Clayton Street, Athens, Georgia.
july.4.1y.
FxVSHION ABLE TAILORING.
JVZ. IE3. NOTING, 9
A Fashionable Tailor and Cutter,
From New York City, has been employed by Lucas & Wabe to take charge of their Tailoring
Department. Full Dress and Business suits will be made in tbe most fashionable and elcgsnt
style, at prices to suit the times. Riding Habits, specialty.
scpt.25-lt. LUCAS & WARE, Athens, Ga.
L. SCnEVENELL.
G. H. YANCEY
L. SCHEVENELL & CO.
BROAD STREET, ATHENS. GA. ,
DEALERS IN
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry,
SILVER AND PLATED WARE.g
Gnus, Pistols, Ammunition,
Spectacles, Eye-Glasses, Musical Instruments,
Having BEST WORKMEN, we are prepared to do
REPAIRING IN S UPERI OR S TY LE.
WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF
SILVER A2TD GOX.D PLATING,
And all work of this kind, such as Forks, Spoons, Watches, &c., plated by
us, warranted equal to that done by'any establishment in the country.
novl7.l874.tf. PRICES REASONABLE-
Also, Manufacture
Brooks Patent Portable
Cotton & Hay Press,
and solo Manufacturers of
Pattern Work, Smithing and Re.
pairing,Manufacture Mining and
Mill Machinery, Steam Engines,
Saw Mills, Horse Powers,
Threshers, Fan Mills, B irk Mills
and Caue Mills, Farmer U double
Geared Magic Georgian, Double
Geared Horizontal Mill all
strong and durable; have ar
ranged with manufacturers to
furnish Cooks Celebrated Porta
hie Evaperator or Pan.
Lever Press Cit.
Colts celebrated Power and
Lever
Cotton Screw
Farmer’s Cane Mill.
OIil style Gill t.'eiirlnjr CmiMmuly on Hand.
Are also Manufactureis of ami Agents
for the most approved Turbine Water
Wheels, Portable .Steam Engines, Iron
(tin- Gearing Cut.
A
Fencing, Grave Enclosures, Balconies
Cresting, &t\, &c. For Circulars and
Prices, address,
july!8.tf.
R. Nickerson, Agent anil Sup’t.
A* A* BELL.
P. A. SUMMEY.
PARKS, Ag’t.
of
LUCAS & WARE,
Are now opening their usual supply of elegant goods, consisting
ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN CLOTHS AND SUITINGS,
for men and boys wear, with a large stock of Woolens for the genital trade;
Ladies’’and children’s dress goods in Silks, Woolens, Plaids, Woolen Suitings.
Large lot of Mourning Goods, Shawls, Cloaks, Scarfs, Woolen Jackets,
Gloves, Ribbons, Laces, Cuffs, Colors, Roaches and every thing that per
tains to the trade; Woolen under garments and White Dress Shifts at from
81.00 to best quality.
TRADE FOR AND NEAR SOLICITED AT LOWEST PRICES.
sept29.6t. LUCAS & WARE
R. P. Ebrrhart. J. G. Eberhart. W. P. Varney.
R, P. & J. B. EBERHART & CO.,
Manufactures, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Boots and Shoes
of every Description..
Our Manufacturing Deportment is turning ont sixty pair of Shoes each day, which we warrent to
onr customers. We keen in our retail department a full assortment ot all kinds of Boots and
Shoes, as cheap as tbe cheapest. In the repairing department which we giro especial ^attention
to, we have some of the best workmen in the State. Those wishing repairing done or new
Shoes and Boots at retail, will please call and examine our iaciUties for supplying their demands.
Wholesale customers will receive bottom prices and warranted goods, by calling at our stand No.
10 Broad Street, Athens, Geoigia. oct.17.8m.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
IRON, STEEL AND N.ULS,
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS-
MANUFACTURERS AGENT FOR THE SALE OF
COTT.Olsr GINS,
PORTABLE ENGINES,
Mowers,* 'Reapers, Threashers, &c.
DEUPREE BLOCK, ATHENS, GEORGIA.
June 23, 1875.
34-tf.
TO THE LADIES!
.
IF YOU ARE AT A LOSS TO KNOW HOW TO CUT OR MAKE YOUR DRESS HAND-
somely, fashionably and economically, send to us for u copy of the
BAZAR DRESS-MAKEE.
Price 25 cents. By mail, 80 cents. The Queen, an illustrated Magazine of Fashion, is replete
-ll’thn latest hints on fashiouable attire, and contains an endless variety of interesting
matter; Vrioa! 5 cents. By mail, 7 cents. With the Bazar Dress-Maker and the Queen
to*inform you what to wear and how to wear it, the Bazar Glove-Fitting Pattern, to lit any form,
and the world’s favorite, the
2T@w Family Singer Sowing Machine
upon which to make your wearing, apparel, no lady need wear an ill-SltiiTg, 'unbecoming or badly
made garment. THE giifoEB MANUFACTURING CO., Ct-irrox Stbset, Arnzire, Ga.
July.4.1y- GEORGE H. HOPE, Agent, Augusta, Ga.