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YOL. XXIII. NO. 21.
The Cartersville Express,
Fstablfehed Twenty Years.
RATES AND TERMS.
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Payments invariably in Advance.
ADVERTISING RATES.
Advertisements will be inserted at the rates
of One Dollar par inch for the flrst Insertion,
and Fifty Cents tor each additional Insertion
Address, S. A. CUNNINGHAM. '
NEWS AND NOTES.
There is a terrible drought prevailing at
Kingston, Jamaica,
The petroleum exports for March
amounted to $2,878,242,
The Cubans want a commercial treaty
with the United States.
S. B. Conover is the republican nominee
for governor of Florida.
Mr. Henry Watterson has been inter
viewed iu Mr. Tilden’s behalf.
The legislature of Kentucky, at its last
session, passed over 1,000 laws,
Ham|>ton spoke in the senate against un
seating Kellogg of Louisiana.
The cotton premiums at the St. Louis
fair this fall will amount to $2,625.
Gen. Longstreet, of Georgia, has been
nominated as minister to Turkey.
The Tennessee press convention will
meet at Jackson, on the 15th of June.
Thirty thousand saw-logs are being
ratted down Pearl river, Mississippi.
Tilden is “legal adviser” of the Fort
Wayne and Pittsburgh railroad company.
The Russian government has ordered the
expulsion of the Jews from St. Petersburg.
Almost the whole of the southern part
of New Jersey has been swept over by for
est fires.
It is said that Gladstone assumes the
cares of office against the advice of his doc
tor.
The Ohio wheat crop is more promising
than it ever was befoie at the same season
of the year.
James Ingraham, of Wynn’s Mill, Henry
county, Ga., is said to be a century and a
quarter old.
The president has nominated N. G. Ord
way, of New Hampshire, governor of Da
kota territory.
Twenty-five thousand operatives are on
a strike and conseqently idle, at Blackburn,
England.
The name of Horace Maynard, of Ten
nessee, has been sent to the senate as post
master general.
Prof. Alexander Agassiz has given near
ly $50,000 to the Harvard University with
in the last few years.
The town of Baumholder, Rheinish,Prus
sia, has been almost entirely burned, and
1000 persons are houseless.
A green coloring matter suitable for wall
papers and other similar uses which is un
like other greens in containing no poison
ous substances, has been produced by cal
cining an intimate mixture of one part of
bichromate of potassa and three parts of
baked zypsnm, A grass-gleen mixture is
obtained, which, on boiling with water, or
on mixing with dilute hydrochloric acid,
l-aves a fine powder of an "intense green
color. The poisonous effects of arsenical
greens is well known to the public, hence
the above n*- w discovery will doubtless meet
with great uvor if as good as claimed, as it
is not only quite cheap, hut is free from ob
jections on account of its freedom from
danger.
All metals are capable of spuming, un
der favorable eirou instances, the erystaline
form- Many of ihern, particularly gold,
adver, copper, and bizrmith, occur crvstal
ized in nature, and are found either as
cube* or octahedrons, or in some of the
derivative forms; antimony is, however,
an exception to tin’s rule, and aflord9 rhorn
b.-idal crystals, in order to crystalize a
metal artificially, it is sometimes sufficient
to melt a few ounces in a crucible, and
having permitted it to cool on the surface,
to pierce the crust formed, and allow tlit*
interior to flow out, By this means, very
beautiful crystals of bismuth may be ob
tained.
Cost of Raising Cotton. —A gentleman,
who had a good deal of experience in
lending money in the South Atlantic States,
says that, owing to the impoverishment of
the soil, the cost of growing cotton has in
creased 50 per cent, during the past ten
years. He says in many case ' farmers have
asked lor loans on their next crop, stating
that they could raise it at from six to eight
cents a pound ; but at the end of the season
they found themselves unable to repay the
loan, though the cotton was marketed at
iiom 14 to 20 cents a pound.
Black, white, rrd and yellow colored
inks have recently bren put on the market
by a hoiif-e in Leipsic, which are expressly
designed and used for writing labels on
glass, porcelain, ivory, marble, mother-of
pearl, and metal. The writing is applied
with a goose-quill, and when dry is said to
adhere so firmly that it cannot be removed
by any liquid or chemical process, what
ever,
East Tennessee Farmer’s Convention.
From the Dixie Farmer:
The East Tennessee Farmers’Convention,
one of our live institution, held its annual
meeting at Knoxville May 11th and 12th,
and was attended by a fair crowd of our
representative farmers from the different
parts of East Tennessee.
President Turley, in a very able opening
address, reviewed to some extent the past
history of agriculture, and congratulated
the Convention that there were signs on all
sides of an increasing interest in agricul
ture, as may be seen in many places in en
ergetic efforts to renovate many exhausted
places.
He spoke of the value and necessity of
i organization, and here, by the way, let me
| say the farmers of East Tennessee would be
glad to exchange congratulations with
Middle and West Tennessee Farmers’ Con
j ventions. I know you have abundant ma
terial to originate and conduct very inter
esting ones. Agitate the matter. Presi
dent Turley spoke of the matter of better
roads. At his suggestion a committee was
appointed to memorialize our next Legis
lature on the subject.
[The address was printed in full in our
last.]
The subject of Rust on Wheat, its cause
and remedy, occupied the morning of the
first day, and the discussion was entered
into by the leading wheat growers of East
Tennessee. The conclusion reached was
that thorough culture and a well developed
system of under drainage were the best as
surances for a good crop independent of
season. It was suggested, also, that a clover
sod of two or three years standing invariably
assured a good crop.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The question “Should our common school
law be so amended as to enforce compulsory
education?” was first discussed by J. B.
Stokely, of Cocke county, who contended
that from the circumstances under which
we now labor it would be inexpedient to
have such a law. The production was
forcible. He thought above all other
considerations that such would be incon
sistent with our republican form of govern
ment and impracticable otherwise.
Col. Meeks, of Fancy Meadows, took a
contrary view, and thought from the
indifference of the people who should be
particularly benefited by our public school
funds that we certainly need some clause
that requires more or less attendance. He
thought this would be exceedingly politic.
Prof. Nicholson thought public sentiment
was against such a law, and that it might
run into an indefinite extreme.
Esq. Connor, of Knox county, thought it
a safe and wise expedient to require people,
who won’t, under our many facilities and
encouragement, to educate, and thereby
forestall a good deal of mischief and
pilfering.
Ex-Governor Senter made some forcible
talk, and said if parents won’t endeavor to
make good citizens by an early infusion of
knowledge, the great, foster mother of all
the State of Tennessee should do so. He
is always eloquent, and was particularly
impressive, contrasting the costs of crime
as a result of a lack of early and proper
training.
GRAIN FOR Food.
“What is the best grain for feeding
stock?” was introduced by Col. Mabry,
who thought Indiana corn was cheaper and
superior to anything else. He said it should
be cut and all fed in order to accumulate
as much manure as possible.
ROTATION OK WHEAT.
“Does wheat follow wheat well in rota
tion? ” was answered by Mr. Frater, of
Knox, who said he thought a continuous
growing of wheat after wheat tended to
exhaust the soil as not to advise such a
course.
Other wheat growers were of the same
opinion.
Mr. Remine, of Greene county, said be
knew a field that had been sown in wheat
for eleven successive vears, and that the
last crop was the best ever made on it. He
thought the location and condition of the
land had much to do with it.
Prof. Nicholson gave some experiments
of Messrs Gilbert A Lawes, of England,
wherein carefully conducted efforts were
made to test this matter, which proved that
such a course, without fertilizing, would
continue to reduce the yield to a “fertility
of composition,” whereas by manuring the
yield would be kept up and increased,
perhaps.
Dr. Caldwell, of Jefferson, gave the
experience of a neighbor who had grown
wheat consecutively, and it had always
done well. One field of fifteen acres, very
rolling land, had been sown to wheat year
after year for the past fifteen years, and had
given a cash return of about sl,-500. Some
of this field was so steep as to require
plowing in with bull tongue plows and not
over productive.
“Corn —its Culture and Best Methods of
Utilizing it,” was next on the programme,
and was discussed by Col. Meeks, who said
corn could not be grown for less than fifty
cents per bushel. Its culture should begin
by early turning and frequent culture after
well up in the spring. “Plow wide and
plow deep ” is the method.
Capt. Dean, of Jefferson, gave his expe
rience, which was that he could grow corn
at an expense of six cents per bushel. He
had made an average of eighty bushels per
acre on a ten acre field the past year at the
stated price. Flowed it soon in the spring
CARTERSVILLE, GA., THURSDAY, JUNE 3, 1880.
with two-horse turning plows, layed it off
j four feet apart, and planted in drills.
Dr. Caldwell, of Jeff'erfon, thought ordi
j nary, deep, and frequent culture, and feed
i to cattle of improved breeds should he the
j rule of action.
HIGH RATE OF FREIGHTS,
H. T. Cox, a well known commission
merchant, of Atlanta, thought corn could
not. be profitably raised as an article of
export since we are forced to pay such
enormous freights—which are but a little
less than from Chicago. The South, he
said, was the legitimate place for our pro
ducts, ami that the farmers, also, should
clamor for such legislation as would give us
an equitable adjustment.of freights, our
legislature would be forced to give encour
agement to the producing classes. He
contrasted our status with the Georgia pro
ducers who had, some time since, taken the
matter of exorbitant freights in hand. He
thought the discouragements were great,
hut if these evils were not remedied the
fault rests with the farmers. He made
some good suggestions as to our duty in
making and saving every specie of manure
that is dropped on the farm and judiciously
applying it.
The products of the East Tennessee
farmers are subject to a wonderful discrim
ination in freights. Mr. Cox further said
that eight or ten years ago, when corn waR
ready sale at $1.50 per bushel, freight was
only about 14 cents, whereas now when dull
at 63 and 04 cents per bushel we pay about
17 cents freight per bushel.
The convention determined to make a
trenuous effort to get a low rate of freight,
peaceably, if possible, but would remind
the authorities of the sovereign power of
the people if mild means should fail.
MANURES.
Prof. Mcßrvde, by invitation, read an
elaborate original article upon the “Theory
and action of manures.” He presented a
general history of the primitive methods of
husbandry, and said, though their methods
were generally good—rather after the plan
of “sufficient unto the day is the evil there
of.” By the necessities of an increasing
populace new methods and stimulants were
required. Science has gradually obliter
ated among progressive and leading farm
ers the astrology of the moon, stars, etc.
He suggested that researches now made
and being made were working many re
forms. He showed the const itu I ion of the
cereals, plants, and vegetables, and suggest
ed formulas that would best meet their
requirements. He gave the leading scien
tific deductions of Liebig, Bossingault,
Gilbert, Lawes, and others. The article
was replete with exeellent deductions, and
it is hoped it will appear in .full in the
Dixie Farmer.
CHESS IN WHEAT.
“What is cheat? and how long known in
the Uuited States? ” was opened jbv Prof.
Nicholson. He claimed that it is a distinct
species. He ridiculed the idea of wheat
turning to cheat under any contingency,
though strongly believed by many. A
scrub buck might as easily he changed to a
Shorthorn bull as to attempt to change
wheat into cheat. Its early history is a
little obscure, but was first introduced into
the United States more than a hundred
years ago.
The opposite view was advanced bv an
other gentleman, who said that he once
sowed some wheal, free from cheat, on a
field in South Carolina that had been culti
vated continuously in cotton for fifteen
years, and in his crop he got at least one
third chess.
Various experiences of an interesting
nature were given on this point.
GRAPF. CULTURE.
Prof. Mcßryde gave an interesting his
tory of the incipiency and growth of the
grape interest at his old home in Virginia.
An enterprising and informed German came
that way from New York, and enlisted the
people into the bus,ness. A company was
lormed to manufacture wine, whose brands
were popular in all (lie markets.
Win. Horlopp from six acres of Concord
sold 33,208 pounds lor $748.53 ; from two
acres of Deleware he sold 4,400 pounds,
receiving for them $220; from eleven acres
of Norton’s Virginia 53,438 pounds, re
ceiving $2,091.90. Estimates coat of culti
vating 50 acres in hearing at $.500.
Win. Williams A Cos. report: Front ten
acres of Concord they sold 40,370 pounds at
a money value of $93 per acre. From two
acres of Iris Seedling they sold 14,240
pounds at a money value of S2OO per acre.
In these estimates all expenses deducted.
Regular cost of cultivation is only one
fourth more than corn.
J. R Brvan, Jr., reports from one-half
acre of Martha Ires and Concord he sold
for table use 4,500 pounds, receiving $237.
He estimates cost at more than corn and
less than tobacco.
“The best means of securing immigration
to East Tennessee,” “The cause of emigra
tion from East Tennessee,” and “How shall
we retain our sons upon the farm?” en
gaged the attention of the convention.
Twas my pleasure to visit the agricultu
ral college farm with a committee appointed
to visit, inspect, and report. The committee
was highly pleased with the operations. It
seemed the universal opinion of all that
Prof. Mcßryde is endeavoring to do just
what the law contemplates.
He explained the numerous experiments
in wheat culture heretofore mentioned in
the Dixie Farmer. I notice particularly
a number of experiments with the differ
ent kinds of commercial fertilizers. Stable
manure seemed to give the most promising
results. They are also growing a lot of
j corn under different methods for the pur
pose of ensilage. Prof. Mcßryde is, I
think, the right man—competent, accommo
dating, and energetic. He deserves weli of
the farmers of the State.
The same officers were elected by the
convention, and, from the programme, the
next annual meeting, to be held in May,
1881, promises much interest.
Wallace.
Packing Eggs for Shipping.
Clark Talley, J. F.
Many years ago it was an old saying that
if eggs crossed running water they would
not hatch. And when l was a little chap,
naturally having a hankering after the hens,
eggs, etc., the older heads scared me nearly
to death saying if I was to shake the eggs
they would never hatch. And, really, they
had me to go on toe’s end, and almost or
quite hold my breath while bringing in the
eggs.
But “young America” has overcome all
those old fogy ideas, and to-day it is, we
think, as safe to ship eggs as to handle them
in any ordinary way—of course they must
he handled carefully, hut I cannot see that
one should hold his breath. My way,
and I think a very simple and inexpensive
one for packing eggs for shipment, is very
easily understood; and while l have an
swered the question more than once by let
ter, “in what way do you pack eggs for
shipping?” will give my way for the benefit
of new beginners, as it is useless for me to
try to convey any method by which old
breeders will gain any knowledge from.
I prefer boxes rather than baskets. I
sometimes can get boxes that will suit, but
not often. Therefore I make my shipping
boxes of light poplar plank, half inch
thick, and after the following plan : Seven
inches wide, ten inches long, and seven
inches deep. It will he seen that each egg
has nearly a space of three inches square,
leaving ample room for any kind of pack
ing that is at hand. Make a nice handle
out of white oak split, nailing it firmly to
the box. It is as handy as a basket, and
much stronger, and almost as light before
the eggs are put in. Fold some thick wool
en goods and tack om the bottom around
the edge, and it will answer the place of a
cushon. Each egg should be rolled in sep
arate papers, and the ends of the paper
twisted so the egg will be stationary. Use
plenty of paper, so there can be had at each
end a good twist. Cover the bottom of the
box with straw, shavings, or something that
will hold the eggs oft the bottom. Then
commence packing one egg at a time, lay
ing one in each corner with the twisted end
of the paper in the immediate corner; then
put in three more in this layer,Jl arranging
them so the side of the eggs and the side
of the box will not come together. In this
layer it will be seen that there is seven of
the thirteen in ; now. whatever is being
used for packing to hold each egg* to its
place, and pack all the vacant places tight
by means of pressing it in with the ends of
the fingers. Then put in a thin layer of
straw, and put one egg in the center of the
box at each end leaving room for filling;
then pack the other four in at such places
as they tit best. Then till all the vacant
places again by crowding in all the packing
that can be got in on up above the box. A
good strong piece of sheeting makes a
splendid top, stretched well across and
tacked down at one end ; then pull tight to
the other end and tack down ; then draw
it tightly across, and down on the edge of
the side, and tack. 1 don’t mean to drive
the tack by knocking, but simply put the
hatchet or hammer on it and press it in.
Always be sure that anyth!.g that
for packing is thoroughly dry. Meal is
used, hut it will sometimes heat ami have a
very had effect on the eggs. Saw dust is
good, but it is very hard to get it dry.
Wheat bran is good and cheap. Instead of
straw I use tine shavings; clover chart' is
good ; anything that is light and dry will
ilo, but never pack will) anything (bat is
the least damp, as the eggs packed Ln it will
mould, and that will nearly always destroy
the life germ of the eggs, and, of course,
render them worthless. Ido not make any
eharee against baskets, as they are very
good and convenient, but they are not so
strong as a box; but they will carry eggs
safe, and if they are more convenient to
handle it is not amiss to use them instead
of boxes.
Since the extensive manufacture of oleo
margetrine, an artificial butter, there has
naturally arisen many questions as to its
wholesomeness, hence we deem a few words
from us regarding this new production, its
properties and mode of manufacture in or
der. The opinion of moat chemists of em
inence, who have given the subject their at
tention, is that it is as wholesome an arti
cle of diet as natural butter. It is made of
the fresh fat of animals, which, having
been rendered in such a manner as to make
it quite pure, odorless, and tasteless, is
churned with milk, etc., by which process
it is converted to the consistency and ap
pearance of ordinary butter. When ieady
for market the chemical composition of the !
product is essentially the same as that I
made from cream, and in most instances
could not be detected from the genuine. |
No one need be afraid of oleomargarine.
The Russian authorities have decided to
check emigration to America, and have
caused the arrest of several emigration
agents.
Recent Experiments in Feeding Cattle
at the College Farm.
From the Dixie Farmer^
The Germans, with a patier.ee and accu
racy eminently characteristic of their race,
have been conducting for the last eighteen
years at their principal experimental sta
tions, a most remarkable series of experi
ments in cattle feeding. From the results
of these experiments and careful observa
tions upon the various systems pursued by
the largest stock raisers of their country,
they have gathered many valuable facts and
been able to deduce some important princi
ples. The following brief outline of the
plan pursued must suffice.
The animal to be fed is confined in a stall
or box so arranged as to perfectly retain the
droppings, urine, etc. Different foods (hay,
straw, grain, roots, etc.,) are analyzed with
great care, and their percentages of the dif
ferent nutritive constituents, (the hydro
carbons, fats, woody fibre, and albuminoids)
determined. The animal is then fed for a
certain time on a given weight of any one
of the analyzed foods—generally with the
coarse foods, such as hay, corn-fodder,
straw, etc., first, and its excrements saved,
weighed and analyzed, in order to ascertain
the amount of these nutritive matters di
gested from the food. After testing the nu
tritive value of each of these coarse foods,
which contain considerable percentage of
the hydrocarbons and the fats with a small
amount of albuminoids—the animal is next
ted on one of these coarse foods mixed with
a given weight of any feeding stuft rich in
the albuminoids, as the different grains
(corn, wheat, oats, etc.,) meal, bran, oil
cake, etc., and the effect of the latter on the
digestibility of the former substance care
fully noted. Lastly the animal is again fed
on one of these coarse foods mixed with a
certain amount of potatoes or roots —sub-
stances rich in the carbo-hydrates (sugar,
starch, etc.,) and the effect of the latter on
the digestibility of the former again ob
served. Without entering into further de
tails here it will be sufficient to summarize
the results arrived at.
The coarse foods, especially straw, corn
fodder, etc., are moie digestible, and have,
therefore, a greater nutritive value than
heretofore generally supposed, and this di
gestibility is greatly increased by a due ad
mixture of substances rich in albuminoids,
such as grain, bran, meal, etc.
Again, any given ration should contain a
certain fixed proportion of albuminoids and
carbo-hydrates, or to drop scientific lan
guage, a given weight of long forage, as hay,
straw, etc., should be mixed with a definite
amount of bran, meal, oil-cake, etc.
To secure their complete digestion the
amount of each of the substances must
bear a certain fixed relation to one another.
To exceed this proportion and to mix for
example the same weight of hay with a
larger amount of bran or meal, iB not only
to lose the additional amount of bran or
meal fed, but actually to decrease the diges
tibility of the hay. Tables have been com
piled giving the amount of albuminoids,
carbo-hydrates, etc.,present in different sub
stances and also rations containing'the pro
per proportion of these nutritive matters.
One food can be substituted for another,
due allowance being made for their differ
ent percentages of these matters.
A daily ration composed of corn meal
and hay, for example, should contain eight
pounds of meal and twenty-two pounds of
hay, (of good quality) tor every 1,000
pounds of live weight. For the hay thirty
five to forty pounds of straw can be substi
tuted. or the same weight of straw (twentv
two pounds) can be advantageously fed bv
increasing the quantity of the meal, giving
ten or twelve pounds instead of eight
pounds, in order to preserve the right pro
portion of albuminoids and carbo-hydrates.
Wishing to test these theories, T selected
eight young steers, (two and a half to three
and a half years old) on the third of April
last, weighed them and fed them with the
rations given below. The bay and straw
was cut up and intimately mixed with the
meal; all the animals save two were stabled
at night, but allowed to run in a lot during
the day. These two were closelv stabled in
order to test the eff. cts of fontii.ement
The aniuiais fed on the ration of meal and
straw refused the mixture for a day or so
and never eat more than a third of their al
lowance of straw. This was doubtless ow
ing to the great bulk of the straw. After a
few days, therefore, the amount of straw
was reduced to ten pounds, all that they
would eat “clean.” If this fact, and the
cost of the straw, as compared with hay, are
considered, the experiment with the straw
gave better results than the figures would
seem to indicate. Those fed on the straw
and hav cut up and mixed together, eat the
same quantity of straw (ten pounds) and
ten pounds of hay in addition; the hay, it
would appear, rendering the ration more
palatable. Owing to the lateness of the
season, confinement seemed to have little
effect on the fattening process—if the expe
riment had been made earner, during colder
weather, it is more than probable that its
benefits would have been more apparent.
The cattle were again weighed at the expi
ration of thirty days, or on May 3rd. It
will be observed that No. 6 lost flesh. This
animal was taken suddenly sick, and with
great difficulty saved—although his recov
ery was rapid, the consequent loss of appe
tite for a few days was sufficient to vitiate !
the experiment in his case. No. 5 and No. I
7 fed on the same rations (the confinement
being thrown out of consideration, as it ev- j
idenlly did not influence the 'result) made j
S. A. CUNNINGHAM.
exactly the same gain. Had No. 6 and No.
8 also made equal gain, the results would
have been remarkably conclusive —-before
No. 6 was taken sick such promised to be
the case—but even as it is, the figures sus
tain the results arrived at in the German
series of experiments. They show that the
animal fed on the standard ration of hay
and meal made the most rapid gain, and
that the addition of more meal to this ra
tion destroyed the proper nutritive ratio
and was attended with no beneficial result,
the hay being sufficiently rich in albumin
oids. In the rations composed of mixed
straw, hay and meal, and straw and meal,
the addition of more meal was necessary, as
the figures prove, in order to preserve the
proper nutritive ratio—the straw being poor
in albuminiods.
These results are not published as being
absolutely conclusive on this subject—as
due allowance has to be made for theditfer
ent digestive capacities and fattening quali
ties of different animals—but simply for
what they are worth. I think, however,
that they at least furnish food for thought
and reflection, and clearly show the necessi
ty of further experiments. They are there
fore eminently worthy of the attention of
the stock breeders of our State. Such ex
periments as these require no special ap
pliances or outlay of money —only ordinary
care and skill, such as every intelligent far
mer is supposed to possess.
Steers to 3% Rations Weight Weight, Gain in lbs. Remarks,
years old. per 1,000 lbs. live weight. April 3d. May 3d. 30 days.
1- 10 lbs. straw, 8 lbs. corn meal. 805 lbs. 895 lbs. 30 lbs.
“ 2. 10 “ “ 10 “ “ “ 815 “ 855 “ 40 ‘
“ 3, 10 “ “ io “ hay, 8 lbs corn meal. 900 “ 032 “ 32 “
“ 4. 10 “ “ io “ “ 10 “ “ “ 835 “ S9O “ 55 “
“ 5. 22 “ hav, 8 “ “ “ 925 “ 912 “ loss 13 “ Sick.
“ 0. 22 “ “* io •* ** “ 1110 “ 1173 “ 63 “ No*. 5 and 6 con
“ 7. 22 *• “ 8 < •• “ 800 “ 878 “ 78 •* fined in stalls
“ 8. ll “ io “ “ “ 800 “ 862 “ 62 “ during 30 days.
J. M. Mcßryde
Prof. Agr. Horl. & Bot’y, University A
Term.
Rivalry Between .Sections.
There is to he a lively contest of the
skill and labor between the farmers of the
fertile West and the populous East, at
least so says the New York Tribune. The
Englishman has keenly felt the competi
tion of the prairie states, but he will con
tinue to cultivate the soil, and with good
seasons and sharpener! wits he will do it
at a profit. Our farmers of the Atlantic
coast, if wise anil alert, will find their
vocation profitable. The competion is all
the sharper for the tact that prairie culti
vators are beginning to learn how to cir
cumvent railroad tariff', by freighting wool
and butter, worth 30cents a pound, instead
of corn worth a fraction of a cent a pound.
Their railroad friends help them by ship
ping butter from lowa to Boston at the
same charge as from Vermont. Indeed it
is published that a carload of bu*ler was
recently sent from that distant State for 60
cents a hundred, and on the same train
came butter from Vermont at 80 cents a
hundred. What is worse still for the
Green Mountain dairyman, his goods were
sold for three cents less per pound than
those of the lowa shippers.
It will he remembered that lowa
obtained the Centennial prize for the best
butter. The price of Western creamery
goods emphasizes sharply this competition,
and encourages the occidental grazier to
assume airs of superiority, and to make the
boast that there is no feed to be used with
grass or hay “that can compare with corn
for making the best butter in texture, color,
aroma, and taste,” and that corn can be
grown for half the cost of Eastern maize.
Anew feature in associate dairying is
broached in Hancock county—a creamery
firm in association with a single farmer.
The firm offers $45 per head per annum
for keeping and milking 100 cows, for a
period of three years. It is claimed that
$2,000 per annum will pay for the expenses
of feed and labor, leaving $2,500 or $7,500
in three years, as the net return to the far
mer, and that the farm will be worth 25
per cent, more at the end of the time. This
is a specimen of the daring and breadth of
rural undertakings in the West, which
challenges all the tact and skill of Yankee
effort in beet sugar or whatever else will
increase fertility, cheapen production, or
introduce paying industries.
Rain has not fallen, .jn Memphis since
April 28,