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VOL. XXIII. NO. 25.
The Cartersville Express,
Established Twenty Years.
RATES AND TERMS.
SUBSCRIPTION.
One copy one year Si 50
One copy six months 75
One copy three months 50
Payments invariably in Advance.
ADVERTISING BATES.
Advertisements will be inserted at the rates
of One Dollar inch for the first insertion,
and Fifty Cents for each additional insertion.
Address, S. A. CUNNINGHAM.
Georgia Farm Notes.
Sumpter eounty was visited by a storm on
the Kith instant, doing considerable damage
to crops, fences and forests. A severe bail
storm passed over the same section on the
15th. The crop reports of this county are
of the most encouraging nature. Grass has
the advantage of the crops in some parts of
the county.
Mr, John Frazier, of Albany, says his
shearing averaged about four pounds to
the sheep, and he sold his wool at Albany
at 32 cents per pound.
Mr. Bryan Norman, of Colquitt, county,
sheared this season fully four thousand
sheep; the wool averaging three pounds
per head.
Some farmers in the vicinity of Oak Hill
have not yet finished chopping cotton. They
planted over crops, and depended on day
laborers to work it, but are disappointed.
They are now offering inducements to the
negroes to the amount of SI per day. Mark
it —if this stale of affairs continue much
longer it will be impossible for farmers to
make yearly contracts with laborers next
year.
The farmers of Greene county will hard
ly harvest as much wheat this year as they
sowed. And this ia true of other sections
of the State.
leathering' Fruit.
Now that the fruit season has arrived, a
few hints as to the mode of gathering it
may prove appropriate, When nature has
so handsomely done her part hy tilling our
vines with luscious strawberries, raspber
ries, blackberries and grapes, and the trees
their branches with peaches, apples, necta
rines and apricots, does it not seem natural
that they should be culled with all the care
which is necessary to place them before the
consumer in their most enticing form ? In
Europe, where the supply falls short of the
demand, and only the wealthy can indulge,
in what we are blessed with a superabund
ance of, the display in the market and shop
windows is simply magnificent. In imitat
ting the European in this particular, the
producer would he repaid and the consumer
gratified.
From the grape vines and the peach tree
the fruit should he taken without even al
lowing the hand to touch them, a small
basket, lined with cotton, or some soft sub
stance, should be held in one hand while
the fruit is clipped ofi’ with a pair of scis
sors ; the down upon the fruit is in this
manner never disturbed, a few leaves of
the plants are then plucked, and when a
sufficient quantity of fruit has been gath
ered, to fill the different sized baskets into
which they are to be packed, each bunch of
grapes,or peach,has a leaf placed, between it,
thus preserving the fruit from injury and
adding much to the sightliness of the
corbeiUe. It may be argued, that this is too
much trouble, for the prices obtained here,
and that to treat the great quantities of
fruit produced with us in this manner,
would be impossible; to a certain extent,
this argument may be good, though a trial
of the careful process, would prove it to be
the most paying.
Our retail fruit dealers appreciate the
advantages of displaying their articles to
best advantage, and show it by carefully
assorting the best of their fruits, and either
stacking them in an artistic manner, or ar
ranging them in neat baskets, thus attract
ing the eye of the passer-by, and getting
fabulous profit upon his original outlay.
In the larger Eastern cities, the principal
fruit dealers shops, are beautiful to look at,
on account of the charming arrangements
lor displaying their fruits. Peaches, apri
cots, nectarines, and grapes, handsomely
grouped together in a most tasteful man
ner in baskets, or fancy boxes, actually in
viting the looker-on to buy them. Berries
are treated in the same manner. The
larger and more luscious being picked out,
and placed by themselves, commanding
high prices and ready pui chasers.
The same may be applied to florists,hand
some plants appropriately exhibited, never
fail to attract admirers and purchasers, and
and for cut flowers, the most beautiful and
rare varieties,unless made up into bouquets,
displaying taste in their arrangement, are
passed unnoticed ; whereas, if properly
done, sell at once. The fforal trade in New
York has grown to gigantic proportion ; in
New Orleans, hundreds of persons mike
their living by selling flowers, simply be
cause the* have taste in combining the
colors and varieties of fl iwers, which at
once attract the eye. Old women, little
girls, and even men, in all the large cities,
hawk about the streets boutonniere , which
are eagerly bought up by gentlemen—for
who is there that does no admire beauti
ful flowers? Let some of our fruit and
flower growers try the experiment, and
onoe the fact is known, that these articles
carefully and tastefully presented, are for
sale at certain places, they will see what
will be the effect. In tact, every article
offered in our markets —vegetables, poultry,
butter, milk, game, and fish, would com
mand better prices if handled more care
fully than is done at present. J. I). H.
Nashville, Tenn., June 22, 1880.
Remarks on Fish Culture.
Inasmuch as a number of the citizens of
our county have embarked and are begin
ning to manifest an interest in the very in
teresting and profitable enterprise of fish
culture, I concluded to write my experience,
and the results of my experiments, in that
pleasant branch of husbandry.
I have a pond of about two acres in area,
constructed in a nattual depression in the
ground, with a ravine leading from it that
carries off the surplus water after the pond
has received all I may desire during and
after a rain. The depth of the pond is from
a foot to four feet, and is studded thinly
with tupelo and sweet gum trees, and is
bordered —on the banks I have constructed
around it—with the usual water plants that
are indigenous to the country, to which I
have added the yonk-a-pin, water lily, cak
mus, and mint.
In the autumn of 1876, I drained the
pond and deepened it about six inches, and
in the spring of 1877 introduced the white
or sun perch and the black or goggled-eyed
perch to the number of about a dozen each,
and also a few of our native cat-fish.
Both species of the perch have increased
rapidly and attained their usual size in less
than eighteen months. The cat fish have
multiplied even faster, and some of them
will now weigh from two to four pounds.
I find, also, a variety of other fish now in
the pond, which I have discovered were in
troduced by the deposition of the spawn,
or eggs, in the excrement dropped in the
water by water-fowl that often visit the
pond in search of food. The above is the
natural method of introducing fish into
isolated bodies of water. And by a whe
provision of the Creator in the economy of
nature, the spawn of fish is indigestible in
any temperature between the degrees of
thirty and one hundred and ten. Observa
tion teaches that the seeds of a number of
trees and plants are transported and planted
in the same manner.
I can now take ten or twelve pounds of
fish with hook and line in a short time,
and have a mess of fresh fish whenever I
desire.
Last fall, Hon. Geo. F. Akers, State Fish
Commissioner, sent me ten pairs of German
carp fish (cuprinus carpio ), which 1 placed
in a small addition to my pond, with a
division embankment between, having no
other fish in the addition. The carp, when
I introduced them in October last, were
less than inch in length, and were cer
tainly the prettiest specimens of fish I have
ever seen ; being of beautiful, symmetrical
shape and brilliant color, they are as per
fect beauties as any angler might wish to
see sport in the water. I feed them about
once a week on bread crumbs, for which
they not unfrequently come to the surface.
I learn fom the history of the carp that
they can be raised easily even in a very
small pond, and often attain the weight of
sixty pounds.
I thus briefly relate my experience in
fish culture, and confidently state to my
brother farmers that it can be made not
only pleasant and interesting, but also a
profitable, conjunctive pursuit of the agri
culturist. John Y. Keith.
Jackson, Tenn., June, 1880.
Second Crop Early Rose Potatoes.
Let me reply to the inquiry of C. P. P.,
Fort Gibson, C. N. f in your issue of June
10th. Let him dig his first crop of Early
Rose potatoes as soon as the vines begin
to show signs of drying up. Let them lie
a few days to cure; then cut them, roll
them in plaster —though that is not essen
tial—and let them be a few days in a dark
place, then make a bed of moist earth
raised very little if any above the level;
place the potatoes on if with the cut side
down, cover them with straw to the depth
of several inches and keep this very damp
all the time, until they begin to sprout.
Then plant them, and he will get a potato
unlike in color and shape what he planted,
which will attain fine size by frost, and he
will have as good potatoes through the win
ter as he ever ate. Then these pottoes,
planted in the spring, with proper cultiva
tion, will give him as fine potatoes as he
ever saw, identical in color and shape with
those he planted the preceding spring. The
fall crop will be a purple color, and re
markably free from knot and projections.
He will find that his potatoes will not
degenerate by this course, but rather im
prove. Such at least, has been my experi
ence through some years. The only diffi
culty in the way of a second crop is in get
ting them to come up in time, and the bud
ding and sprouting of them obviates this.
I would like to hear from others of your
readers on this subject to learn if their ex
perience coincides with mine.
Now 1 want some information. There
is a wild vine in this country —a vigorous
climber —which I have sometimes heard
called poison oak, but oftener, cow
itch vine, which bears a beautiful bloom,
in color between a red and a deep orange.
Some persons say it is poisonous. Is this
true? Gan you or some reader tell me
all about it? I <*ant to train it, if it is not
poisonous. H.
Ripley, Tnn„ June 14 1880.
CARTERSVILLE, GA., THURSDAY, JULY 1, 1880.
THE CAKE CF FARM TOOIJi,
Many farmers make a great mistake in
not repairing their wagons, tools, and har
ness, the moment they require it; in no case
will’the old adage of a “stitch in time ’’
prove more applicable. When a team is
seen drawing their load of cotton, corn, or
garden truck, with well kept nicely oiled
harness, and the wagon sound in every part,
and showing signs of being cleaned occa
sionally, it may he safely asserted, that the
owner is a thrifty man ; at his home, every
thing will be found neat and tidy, the
barns, out-houses, the homestead, and the
fences, will he found in good order, no
gates tied up wiih ropes, or his houses
propped up with rails, and the yard around
the house. The yard will he filled with flow
ering plants, or perhaps simply a luxuriant
growth of bluegrass, offering its tempt
ing bait, to one or more Jerseys or half
breeds, and a few well-bred sheep. But
the other fellow who uses patched harness,
rickety wagon with a load of nubbins, de
fective potatoes, or half ripe badly gathered
fruit, and his own clothing ragged, and fit
ting as though made for anybody, you may
safely expect to find his farm in just the
opposite condition of the one first named.
To keep a farm and all its paraphenalia in
good order, and to make it productive, re
quires every spare moment of daylight,
and a few hours a week of the night, in
reading farm literature, thus educating the
farmer in the science. A knowledge of
chemistry is essential to a good farmer.
No two tracts of land require the same
treatment; manure which is good for one
field, will prove injurious to another.
How is he to find this out? if he could
analize his soil, he could tell what it
required, and how much, or as the doctors
say, he could diagnose the disease and ap
ply the proper remedies. The day has
come in the South when the large farm
idea should be abandoned, and make the
most ol high cultivation on small tracts.
It has been shown time and again that,
one acre well cultivated, will produce more
than five merely scraped ones. The farmer
must learn to work himself, and teach his
children to do the same, and in a few years
he will be independent, and not only in a
money sense, but of the intolerable
nuisances of hired labor.
Crop Notes From Gibson County.
Most all the early planting of corn is
laid by, and with another good rain or two
the crop will be tine. The p-oopeet at tkl
time is very flattering. Cotton is also
growing fast, and the cotton planters are
well satisfied wilt) the present outlook; it
is three weeks earlier than last year. Crops
have been harder to cultivate this year than
usual, owing to the land being too wet to
plow ju>t at the time it needed it. The
weather has been fine for the past two weeks
for farm work, and most farmers have their
crops in good fix. Though l know of some
crops that are yet suffering for work. The
same crops would doubtless be in the same
condition had their been no hindrance by
rain. That is their style. From all I can
learn about the wheat crop the yield will be
about one-third of an average crop,and the
area sown to wheat last fall being much less
than usual, enough will not be made for
home consumption. We will have to look
elsewhere next fall for seed wheat. Early
sown oats are tolerably good ; the late ones
are not worth cutting. The hay crop is
good. We are through saving clover, and
the grasses will be ready for cutting next
week; some little red top was saved this
week. Potatoes and garden trucks are all
that we could ask. Shipments of vegetables
from Milan are being made, and satisfactory
prices obtained.
Our stock has been doing finely until
the past week or two, when the sore eyes
made its appearance among the cows —a
new dist ase with us. 1 learn it prevailed
to a considerable extent in Middle Tennes
see last year and again this spring. Sev
eral of mine are apparently stone blind.
Strange no one has given a remedy for a
cure or prevention yet. I think I have
found out the cause, and also a remedy. I
believe it will prove successful; if it does I
will give it to the readers of the Dixie
Farmer. 1 only began the treatment this
morning. S G.
Milan, Tenn., June 19, 1880.
The cheapest and most effective way to
get rid of stumps in a field is to blast them
out with cartridges of giant powder. This
explosive is a preparation of nitro-glyce
rine, many times as powerful as common
powder, and its great force, being very sud
den in its action, tears the stumps to frag
ments so that but little if any after cutting
is required to dispose of them. The giant
powder is put up in cartridges about ten
inches long by one and one-half in diame
ter, and these being of the consistence of
cheese, can be cut into pieces of the size re
quired with a knife. A piece two inches
long is sufficient to throw out a good-sized
stump. A hole is punched under the
stump with a crowbar; tbe explosive, with
the proper fuse and fulminating cap attach
ed, is put in the hole, water is poured in as
tamping and the fuse is fired. The explo
sion throws the- slump out in several pieces,
leaving the bole to be filled up afterwards.
Experts have taken out one hundred stumps
a day in this manner.
An old Virginian says the following mix
ture will rid sheep of ticks : Get some leaf
tobacco, dry the leaves and rub it up fine,
then mix with bran and salt and feed to th
jheep.” He says: “I fed them the mix
ture about twice a month for three or iour
months, and have never seen a tick on my
sheep since. Some of my neighbors used
the same remedy with like satisfactory re
sults.”
Suggested Improvement in Apiculture.
While extracting honey, I find many
hives with more or iess brood in the upper
story, which seriously interferes with ray
plans. Far better, though, too much brood
than the opposite. In order to obviate this
defect, i.e., the queen depositing eggs in the
top story, Mitchell invented a one-story
hive, where, bv means of division boards,
the surplus honey is kept by itself. But
though I once advertised a similar one rny
sel;. it seems to be contrary to the bee’s in
stinct to cause her placing honey anywhere
but above the brood. I lack experience,
but the weight of evidence seems to he
against single story hives.
If freshly built comb in frames are push
ed apart the bees will often elongate the
cells, sometimes to such an extent that a
diameter of four inches is reached. A
Langstroth frame thus filled would hold
nearly a gallon, especially if the cells were
of drone and not another size. There is
never, if any, brood in such thick combs;
they are termed imperial by the French.
But whilst combs partly imperial are easily
obtained, (pushing apart combs will cause
the bees to elongate the upper ceils that are
always intended for honey) it is difficult to
have full ones, for no cell will be abnormal
ly lengthened that once contained any
brood. I think I am the first one that
made this observation ; though I may not.
If we can succeed, therefore, in having full
sheets of imperial comb, then the queen
can be practically compelled to slay within
her proper sphere, viz., the lower story ;
which in the Langstroth and kindred
hives is sufficiently large to produce a
superabundant population, I suppose we
have such a one with ten frames below and
three filled with imperial combs above. It
would be easier for the bees to fill a certain
amount of honey in three than nine or ten
combs, especially if the former contained
drone cells. Said three combs would weigh,
when full, about eleven pounds each —thir-
ty-three pounds at one extracting. The
main point, threfore, how to obtain full
sheets of imperial comb. Bees, while des
titute of a queen, construct drone comb on
ly, if building at all ; which latter is not
always the case. Depriving a colony of its
queen, emptying the upper story oi’coun-.-.
and giving'a few equi-distant frames, would
often cause them to build imperial dione
combs. Langstroth mentions cases of that
sort. But a much surer way would seem to
me to give, in such a case, say three frames
filled with wired (to prevent sagging) drone
comb foundation. The same result evident
ly would partly follow were a queen pres
ent. But what assurance have we but she
might deposit eggs as soon as the cells were
drawn out? As stated, these cells once oc
cupied by brood would always remain at
their normal length. The abnormal length
of the imperial combs does not necessarily
prevent their use in the lower story, should
it he deemed advisable to put them there,
for the purpose of winter-feeding for in
stance.
The advantages resulting from my plan
would he, therefore, as follows:
1. Less frames, combs and comb founda
tions are needed.
2. Far greater ease and rapidity while ex
tracting.
3. The killing of less bees and brood.
4. Greater ease for the bees to fill the
combs.
5. There being less comb surface to cov
er, the moth could he easier suppressed by
the bees.
6. The practical exclusion of the queen
from the upper story —a very difficult mat
ter. I consider this last point to be of far
more importance than all the other points
enumerated.
Some apiarians may wish for more brood
than the lower story can furnish, and still
enjoy the advantages of my plan. They,
too, may be fully suited. Let them have
but two imperial sheets, each one on the
outside, and about two or three worker
combs in the centre. The queen, if prolific,
will fill the latter with eggs; each extract
ing will still give twice eleven pounds of
honey,
There may be one flaw however. Though
comb foundations and the machines for
making them are quite common, I doubt
whether any machine for drone comb wider
than four inches has ever been made so far.
But when specially ordered, they can un
doubtedly he furnished. Drone comb, re
spectively its foundation is not by any
means indispensable for imperial combs;
worker-size will do, but the former is pre
ferable. Arnold Delffs.
s>helbyville, Bedford county, Tenn., June 18th.
Never kill a toad. He is ugly and un
sightly but he is perfectly harmless and
only intrudes upon the beauty of nature
undercover of darkness, or when hid from
the glory of the sun. He seems to he per
fectly content to hop out his life of quiet
usefulness, feeding on insects that are the
worst enemies to gardeners and farmers.
The person that would mercilessly and
purposely tread out the life of an unoffend
ing toad —though he should wear the
mien and bearing of a gentleman—is no
better than the cruel serpent that ia a ter
ror to thia homely little creaturers life.
Culture of Roses.
Every rose will not come from the slip.
Of the three great divisions into which the
rose family is separated, namely, the dam
ask, the noissette and the tea, the last two
may be propagated with more or less readi
ness from the slip or by budding; the first
only by dividing the roots and planting the
seed, which latter method is resorted to,
however, only when it is desired to obtain
new varieties.
1 he best season for taking rose slips is in
June, just after the profuse bloom of early
summer is over, although a person who
knows exactly how to cut a slip may find
good cuttings throughout the warm months.
Judgment and discernment are needed for
the selection at all seasons. I know a gen
erous lady who sent her friends immense
armful of boughs, with hardly a real cut
ting upon them.
One should choose from a good vigorous
branch of last year’s growth a fresh shoot,
containing two or three buds, such as will
always be found more or less swollen at the
base of the leaf stems. It should he cut
from the parent branch diagonally, with a
smooth, clean cut that will bring oft a little
of the old bark as well, in order to make
the condition as favorable as possible for
the formation of roots. Have ready a box
or pot of rich mold ; with a round, pointed
stick make a hole several inches deep, and
fill it up with clean sand ; insert the end of
one or two inches; he sure to make it firm
in the soil, and the sand acting as a perco
lator for moisture, you may keep your slip
well watered. You can soon see by the
swelling of the buds and the dropping oft'
of the old leaves, whether the slip is indeed
taking root, but do not attempt to remove
it to the place where you would wish it per
manently to remain until it has put out
several sets of new leaves.
An ingenious way to raise a set of slips
is to take an earthen-ware flower pot, gallon
size, and fill it more than half full of
broken p-tsherds, pebbles, bits of slate, or
such things ; now set in the middle, on top
of these refuse materials, another similar
flower pot, half-pint size, with the hole at its
bottom stopped up tightly with a cork; let
its mouth be even with that of the large,
outer one; fill up the insterstices with sil
ver sand or other pure sand, and set in a
row of slips all around, cut according to
the directions given above. Keep the inner
pot full of water all the time, but do not
water the slips directly. In about six
weeks your slips will have tine roots ami
ran or potted. A hand-glass always hastens
the process of rooting, and enables you to
take advantage of the sunshine; but if you
are not provided with one, be careful to
keep your plants in the shade until they
show certain signs of independence of life.
Roses need very rich soil to bring them
to perfection, thriving best in a mixture of
well-rotted manure, sand, and garden loam,
and to stint them of nourishment ia, in
deed poor economy.
Improved Breeds.
The inarch of improvement in agricul
ture is always marked by the introduction
of better breeds of live stock. The same
spirit of progress which prompts the farm
er to make better crops to the acre, teaches
him that the hog which will make the moat
pork, the cow which will give the most
milk and butter, and the sheep which will
yield the heaviest fleece, at the same outlay
of feed and attention, is the cheapest and
the best. And, therefore, where you find
the husbandman who is improving his
homestead, renovating his lands, ami pro
viding himself with better implements of
culture, you are very apt to find his stables
and pastures filled with improved breeds of
live stock. The difference between a hog
which will dress two hundred pounds of
pork at twelve months old and another
which will dress only a hundred pounds,
or between a sheep which will shear six
pounds of wool and another which will
shear only two pounds, or between a cow
which will yield three gallons of milk and
another which will yield only a quart, is as
great as the difference between an acre of
land which will produce a thousand pounds
of cotton and another which will produce
only three hundred pounds. The difference
is that one pays and the other does not.
It is idle to pretend that there is no dif
ference in breeds. Feed and attention have
a great deal to do with it, but they are not
all. No amount of feeding will make the
average native cow equal to the Jersey for
butter, or to the Durham for beef, or to the
Devon for oxen; neither will any amount
of attention make the common sheep of the
country equal to the Merino for wool, or to
the Southdown for mutton. It will not he
denied that if we provided our farm stock
with better pastures, afforded them more
comfortable shelter in the winter, and gave
them more "Attention generally, we should
have better herds and flocks even of our na
tive breeds; but the care which is required
to insure satisfactory results with any kind
of farm stock will certainly do so with the
breeds which have been improved. These
impiovements are the result of long, care
ful, painstaking attention to the points of
excellence desirable in the animal, until
those points have become inbred —perma-
nent characteristics. By a long series of
equally careful attention, prosecuted
through successive generations, our native
breeds may be developed perhaps into equal
excellence, hut it is cheaper to buy an im
proved animal than to develop one.—Ala
bama Farm Journal-
S. A. CUNNINGHAM.
i lie Causes of Sheep Rot.
tor some time a great mortality has pre
vailed among sheep, and the destruction re
ported is somewhat appalling. The malady
is popularly known by a very old Saxon
name, “rot,” and is in reality due to the
presence in the liver and hepatic canals of
numbers of the Distoma hepaticum, a
trematode entozoon, as well as the Distoma
lanceolatuni, also a member of the same or
der. These entozoa, from their resemblance
to the fish called “flukes,” have received
the same name, and have a particular pre
dilection for the biliary apparatus, whose
function they more or less destroy, and thus
lead to the slow death of the sheep or other
animals they may infest.
After wet seasons, animals which have
been pastured on tainted land are certain to
suffer, from their having ingested with the
herbage the ova of the distoma. Pastures
are tainted by “fluke” infested sheep, which
pass the mature worms or their ova with
the fa?ces, and these lodge on or are washed
into the ground. The worms, of course,
die, and the ova within them are liberated ;
and these, together with the free ova, ap
pear to have not only a strong vital resist
ance to meteorological alternations, but also
the good fortune to find a ready and accept
able intermediary host in the limnaeusmin
utus, a little mud snail common everywhere
and partiularly on wet land. This snail
becomes possessed of a number of ova in
its interior, and during damp weather it
crawls from its breeding place in the ground
up the stalks of grass and herbage, and is
swallowed by the sheep or other herbivor
ous animals when they are grazing.
Received at first into the stomach, the
ova undergo partial development, and then
find their way into the biliary canals. If
their number is considerable, when they
have attained their full growth they dilate
and obstruct these canals, the walls of which
become considerably thickened. During
their development the secretion of bile be
comes gradually diminished, and that fluid
is viscid, like mucus, and altered in color;
at the same time the parenchyma of the
liver becomes atrophied from the compres
sion the “flukes” exercise upon it, and it
may even become disorganized. Hence re
sult icterus, disturbance in nutrition, anae
mia, dropsy, and a general cachectic condi-
I tion.
Sheep are not the only victims which suf
fer from the distoma, for during the present
said to have become infested, and died
The distoma hepaticum has long been
known to exist in the horse and ass, when
they were allowed to pasture on unclean
lands during wet seasons.
Salt appears to be an excellent and well
known prophylatic agent, and even a cura
ve one when the disease has not made
much progress. This beneficial action of
sodium chloride has been known almost
from time immemorial, and the freedom
from rot of sheep which have been pastur
ed on salt marshes has been also recognized
for centuries.
DRINKING TOO MUCH WATER.
A morbid appetite may be formed for
drink so that water even when taken in
i large quantities does not seem to have the
| desired effect of quenching thirst. People
; who work hard in very warm weather must
needs drink considerably t© keep up the
I necessary free prespiration, but unless some
i self-control is exercised there is danger of
! drinking cold water in excess.
There are drinks which are superior to
! water for hard working men in excessively
j warm weather. Lemonade is the favorite
with many and is both refreshing and
healthful. Cold tea diluted with water or
milk is also a good drink, and when taken
in small quantities is strengthening.
Fresh butter-milk is a good farmers’
beverage and for those who like it, is a
healthful and refreshing drink. If farm
ers who are troubled by drinking too much
water will substitute the above beverages,
part o! the time they will find relief from
the difficulty. Yet there is danger of taking
any drink in excess unless some care is ex
ercised to prevent it. The above sugges
tions if closely followed would save many
a doctor’s bill, during our protracted heated
crm.
Hay Caps. —Our eastern farmers, who
are most careful in haymaking, and with
whom hay is more valuable than in the
west, think highly of hay caps. They cost
little, and last years if cared for, and not
left to mildew and rot. Stout cotton cloth
or sheeting a yard and a half square makes
the best. Strings at the four cornert two
feet long, with a stone tied to each, or a
light stake will prevent the wind from
blowing the caps off. We have found them
usefui, hut when one handles large crops
| the force employed can be so divided or
! centered, as the case may demand, as the
keep the geld well-cleoned. When cocks
of half-cured hay are thrown up and caps
put on, they must be moved after the show
er as soon as possible, to allow the free es
) cape of gases. Hay will mold under the
1 caps sooner than without them. They are
especially useful to protect against a sudden
shower, or when hay must be left afield
some days they may be employed to pre
vent blaehing from sun and dew.—Ex
change;
A man whose whole family was sick with
lung diseases said his house was full of
plural-pneumonia.