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W. A. SINGLETON, Editor and Proprietor.
Vox,, ix.
Cavi^
ft. IS: IS iiiton K IV. 11. K£iiltoai,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
BUENA VISTA. GA
\V ill pi icti'Jc in tin: Court* of this Klntoe
*iui tin. District end Circuit Courts of tli.
thUted Stated. mch3l-ly,
iWLcAt'o o llOuso.
Smithville, Georgia.
tar Meal a oil the arrival of all trains
It’are as good as the season affords,
j ru'e-, 50 Cents a uieal.
13. 31. BU TANARUS,
AttOBNBYAT LAiV,
BUEVA VISTA.GA.
I<\ L WISDOM, M. D.
BUENA YISTA, GA.
teg-Calls may be left at my resi
lience at a Lours of the day or
night.* 1 ©?
D. E. T. MATHIS,
J Su>‘ini \ ista, <-*a.
( lib left at my office or residence prorapfly
htendcJ. Ducli-ly
SIMMOUS £ SIMMONS,
■ATTORNEY AT LAW,
AM KiIIOUS. OEOKGIA.
.'.areli 10-1 >•'.
TasT L. tiRASINCTON,
T AXL O R,
11 UKX -V VI !S ’*£' A> O V
llV'ill 1 respectfully annottncc t-> tile public
•nl liis tr ends that he is still at. tie peaty
ly for nil kiiidjftai!oriij(—<fottii!g, Malt
. .... i(..|. ■!*. r (tErs ‘itjtor (• .Thik-I- V) m lit |
in' m.-tt-ti'c., to send ter tuils can gt t iirrti
o' him. It" l-Mleat styles an 1 tushioii* at- I
wn( „„ lioml. .IjS. L. BKASIKGTON ,
MEIMC\L NOTICE.!
■)
ttr. S. W, Woodruff will prouiptly attend j
iill car* in bis piotessiun. Day or niglit. I
lie itUo cu Li luce to ti e it. with i.is usu.ll
euccefs alt kinds of Chronic diseases of long
Xnndit'g Female diseases will receive bis
Special "at I out ion—his remedies are nisi.'ily
t.kcti froth ttre Vegetable kingdom, but tu
bis treatment of diseases, be selects from both
Vegetable and Mineral, as may be most elear
*l\ indicated Dr. Woodruff does not profess
t‘„ be able to cure all cases but will certainly
be candid in giving his opinion in every case
that may apply to him and evert himself to
the ulmost of his skill to cure all who may
place themselves ui.dcv his l realm cut.. Dr.
Woodruff can he found all hours of the day
at his itore, and at night at his residence
North East corner public square, unless ab
sent oo professional barings*.
lItEViSI HOUSE,
{PUBLJC HQIDBK,)
AMEHUCU3, GA.
JS. EASON, - - Prop ritcr.
f.r;t Class arc mmoiations, T.va Mars p;r Bay
No efforts will be spared to make the
“FnitNc n House” tbo popular hotel <rf Amor
icus. The .beat fare that the market affords,
polite and attentive servants and comfortable
sleeping .accommodations wid always bo
found at this House. It is conveniently situ
ated to the business portion of the city, the
post office ftud the depot.
~ mwi's
ICSTAHIASHKD 1850.
Oppoi(e i’li'i'iciitfeF Di put, 31uto, Gu
Three Dollars Prr Dav.
Mwls 7> Cents, - - - Lodjiuys <5 Cents.
This Popular Hotel. E. E. Brown & *1 .
Proprietors, after a trial of twenty years is _ ll
oponed to the public, willi all the model u im
provements and increased facilities for tboac
coramoda'ion ot the Traveling public
The proprietors respectfully return their grate
ful thanks for the very liberal palrouage extend
ed the Huuso for Twesty YeAUS, and assure
their many friends, that they will use their best
endeavors for the future to give the same satis
faction that they have in the past.
fi-i?' Every attention given to ladies and
famlies.:
N. G.*l > ffc<|s, a- K. PRINCE.
n- fin k. prims,
—AND
mm STABLE
- JlhlA Lulls IN
Horses Carnages, 13ag
? * gwsr&c.
Horses, Buggies,and ITaeks U> ll
at reasoiuiMv rales—*Goud /Sneusf and Lois
for Stock Drovers.
Cotton Avenue, Americus, Ga.
YXSTA. MARION COUNTY, CXA.., JUNE 0,1877.
fcrmnmucafiam
THE HOMESTEAD.
Mr. Editor:
As the Convention qn sti.ni is in
order, I wish to submit some
thoughts relative to the Homestead.
It appears from the discussion of 1 1 1 i~
abject prior to this time, that j oliti
ciaus treat it cautiously, piefoiiug to
say as little about the homestead ex
etnptton as possible.
Not being a politician, or an offi e
seeker, I fe<-l at perfect liberty to dis
cuss it freely; and viewing it as I do,
1 cannot regard it a delicate subject,
either as a legal, fiuauctal, or as a
question of policy.
The Homestead clause was not in
corporated into our present Constitn
tion by request of the land owners of
Georgia. A large portion of real
estate owners were embarrassed, be
cause of debts contracted prior to,
feud during tho war lor slave tipr ,|)_
erty, and liaving to loose t’uis class of
prcpirty, without their know led e or
consent, they did seek to be iviiev, .1
from these debts, but did not ask a
Homestead exemption to relieve from
future debts. The party that framed
the present constitution, offered this
Homestead Exemption as a 1 diet
measure, knowing at the same time
it would not afford the relief sought
for. They knew any m asure, that
•even promised re ief, wovhi bo haded
w tu uengiii oy tiie muSs-es. ana mat, j
would insure the ratification of the
present Constitution, which had
many objectionable features in it,
and add to the popularity of the
Radical party at that time.
AS A MATTER OF POLICY.
The advocates of the Homestead
Exemption say: ‘"The poor man
should have the right to the ex mp
tion as a protection against misfor
tune.’' I can’t see it in ihat l gl’.l.
To illustrate, o will take an extreme
case: Here is a poor farmer, with u
largo family, only making a support,
from year, to year; all at once his
male dies, or by sickness in Lis fam
ily, he becomes indebted to the doc
tor SIOO ; at the close of the year lie
‘"owe SIOO, and can’t nay it. You say
then--lie is a lit subject for the Home
stead ? Su ; pose there was no Tlomo
stead —as ten or 12 of these Unite
States have no Homes ead Law —
then you say he’would be ‘'broke up.”
Suppose ho tnk •? the Horn stead tc
save his home; that does net pay the
SIOO, which is justly duo the neigh
bor, who Sold him the mule on time ;
or the poor doctor—as the case may
be—who will be embarrassed if he
tails to collect tiie SIOO. Ho may
save Ilia home by taking advantage
of this exemption; but, after doing
so, be only shifts his misfoitune off
liis shoulders on to liis neighbor’s
who was disposed to assist him, by
selling the mule cr other properly on
time, aud who, perhaps, is as poor
as 1 himself; causing the innocent
party to be the sufferer. The second
party failing to collect, is ernbar.
rassed: th.it causes the third party to
get into trouble; on and on, the
(roublegoes, spreading and widening,
until a prophet could not guess where
it would end. If the poor man’s laud
had bem bound for Ids debts —as it
should be —instead of taking the
Homestead, he would have borrowed
the mpney, paid the debt, saved his
credit, saved his neighbor from being
-A. DEMOCRATIC! FAMILT 3>T:E'V7'S3?AFEB.
embarrass-,1, and ,-avd a train < f
evils, the bitter fruits growing out of
this unfortunate 1 foment cad Exetnp*
tion. Ins oad of this exemption, the
hirraers need cheap money. Tue
price of money, unlike other con mo
difies, h not. regnl it'd l,v supply and 1
and maml, In t hy the security olTercd.
As most G 'org a farmers, under the
law, are entitled to have set a’part a
a h mestead propert capital has
b en driven away, and thr, result is,
the /armers are compelled to nay a
high rate of intorc-t for tno use o!
taon,y. lorm■ rly theto wore in a
in this county, who had some money
to ltfld to furthers at 8 and 10 p r
cent, interest. Smia of these nu n
are here yyt, but their money is gone.
They loaned it out in go >d lanh, but
lost it by someone taking advantag
of this exemption. Our Legislature
passed a law. forbidding charging
more than 12 per cent, interest on
money, but the law was not worth a
copper. It appears to be a mistaken
id in to suppo e the pi ice of money
could be regulated by Mutates ; un
less ample sccuiity was oflhred the
capitalist. The State of Connection
has no Homestead Law. There all
real estate is bound for debts. The
i inner.-* of that State have been bor
rowing the surplus school fund at ,07
percent, interest. New York cap
italist proposes to loan the farmers
of Connecticut, as much money a ,
they want at .00 per cent, interest, ■
.al coming in to take ihe place of
home capital, the Legislature reduc
ed the nve of interest to .00 per
ent. TANARUS; is would appear to bo sug
g‘ t: vc to Geoyap* farmers just at
bis t me.
THE HOilQ/fEAD SHOULD XuT liE A PART
OF ni:' ORGANIC LBV,
nor should the iio e-tcad question
he allowed to embarrass >lio Conven
tion, iUt should be called. Like the
Ca >ilol question, it does not belong
in tiie Constitution. If wo are to
have a Homestead Law, in the Cod
as a statute, is the pi ope? place for
it. and the Legislature is the proper
authority to enact it. The people Want
a clean Constitution: an iustriuneu.
free from all extraneous matter; on- ‘
ly fundamental principals, or laws
should be iucoipoiated in b ; frc it
from ail unnecessary and 'tails. One
tha- will obviate tho necessity ol
overhauling it so often. Tho advo
cates ol tiie of Homestead limit that
it should bo altered or amend* all
propeny had a fictitious value at the
time it became a law. If it had beeu
placed in the Code as a statute, by
the Legislature, it would have been
altered long siuce, as real estates is
only selling for about half what it did
at that time.
The opponents of the Convention
attach blame to previous legislators,
because they did not amend the Con
stitution. In the absoence of statu
ntoiy law, custom becomes law. It
has over been the custom in Georgia
to elect delegates for no other pur
pose than to make a Constitutior j
hence members of the Legislature,
being elected for the purpose ot al
tering, amending and otherwise tin
kering with the Code, do not feel at
liberty to tinker with the organic
law. It seems they acted wisely, in
that they refrained from attempting
to alter the present Constitu:ion, and
in calling the people to meet in con
vention for that purpose.
lAKMrriyg OF PKHSDNAti fROpK^TT.
It m y be Well to exempt a certain
auuiuut of personal pr portv from
levy n and sale. Exempt SSOO or
'IOOO. -.vejrtli oi of personal property;
that will jtnablt: the poor Man w'l-.o
°wiw So runt; to luuve his team,"plan
tution tools, household furniluro and
supplies; so that licc.tn rent andculti
va'.o land ami make a o >mfo. table
support, widior.t being tormented
w.tb the thought of being a pauper,
i It wo are to have class legislation let
jit be for the poor indeed. A farmer
; who own land, and has energy, and
j industry, can’t bo considered so
dreadful poor after all. lie should
fee! that ho is well to do in this World,
ft he is lacking in these essentials,
the- Homestead will not encourage
him in that direction. In fact, nine
years of bitter experieuoo have
aught us, that this laud exemption
has ciicou.agcd wild speculation,
and extravagance, among a class of
farmers who was frugal and Unity.
RE DRONE.
THE REASONS WHY THE PEOPLE
DjNT WANT A CuN
VENTION.
Ist, A Convention held under the
Hill as passed by the Legislature will
cost the State of Georgia not hss.
tha a SIOO,OOO.
2d. it will raise issues j
I (-SR* I-' 1 il f' ll"-i" ‘ j j
i rigliis of Lie Negro to set ou the Ju
j ry; about establish ng the old Inferior
(Court system; Imprison meat for
i Debt; estabbslnneat of Ihe Hail pro
cess iu a'l its various shapes, and uu
I hundred other questions that wi 1 iu
| Suture harass and annSy our people
jin every political campaign.
3kd. it will vitalize , the Ilepubli
| can Party, and make this party the
balaueo-01-powcr in all po.itical is
sues.
-tin. The Lawyers are iu favor ol
a Con veil, ion, because they want to
uproot the Homestead Laws, so as to !
increase liiigatiou, and compel the I
people to liiigate over questions now
settled. It will boa fruitful source
■f litigation in ad other matters of
change. The people are ioo poor to
oc taxed to make business for law-
V ers.
sth. The Politicians want a Con
vention, because they want to be!
Delegate; and wain to go to the
Convention to make vacancies so they
e ■ u get ofllee.
Grit. The Outs want a Convention
so they can get in. These kind of
men don’t ears what results to the
p> ople, so they get office.
7th. The Nrwspapets want a Con
vention, because they expo-1 to make
money by agitating the questions
that will come before the Conventu n, !
and out of the candidate for tho Con
vention.
Bth. The Farmers are not consult
ed, and not a single question that is
agitated is for their benefit; but they
arc expected to vote for it, because
the lawyers, the politicians aud
newspapers say they control them.
9th. The Mechanics are not con
sulied, aud not a single question is
spoken of for their benefit; but they
are to be iulluenced by the same par
ties.
lOtii. The Laboring men are to be
abridged in their rights, to satisfy
the hungry cry of those who live
without work.
1 lTir. Xiao out oi' ten of the honest,
toiling masses of Georgia know that,
the lawyers, politicians and newspa
pers v. ill get all the benefits if a Con*
venfiop is called, and they will Lave
the taxes iy> j .ay.
J2hr. Is there a ri.ig’o argument
lint has been offered that will add
one dollar to year income? Bat
wont it aud to the aheafdy heavy
taxes you have to pay ?
Lira. If you trust these men and
get all they claim, Lew long will they
satisfied before 111 y will want
another Convention to undo what
they propose ?
lJ i.iT. Have you heard anybody
advocating a Convention, but men
who expect to Le candidates, or have
blends that are, or expect some pe
cuniary benefit if it is called?
lorn. Notice the men hereafter
who talk to you in favor of a Con
vention, and t-ec if they do not fall
under some ol the heads above given.
10th. The Convention-men say tho
people will be caroles?, and those
who are opposed to a Convention
won’t vote, Wui;e al! who favor it will
vote. They propose to cheat the
people that way. Watch them !
17th. The Convention-men say all
the canddates who run for the Con
vention will print their tickets, and
have on them “Convention,” and the
people won’t think to change it to
“No Convention”; and by fraud they
““V Lo w - cheated. Watch them!
‘ No Com eutiou.”
18th. Wc want less legislation and
fewer elections. The lawyers, poli
ticians and newspapers want more
legislation and more elections. They
propose to fiddle, and the people are
expected to dance to and pay lor the
music.
19th. What good will it do you to
have a law to cut down the term of
office tor the Ordinary of your Coun
ty to two years, and re-establishing
the old Inferior Court?
20th. What good will it do you to
have the right to put your neighbor
in jail if he don’t pay you what he
oivcs ?
21st. What good wi 1 it, do you to
have litigation tho balance of your
life over everything that a ipertaius
to the Homestead laws of this State ?
22d. What good wi 1 it do you to
have your County taxed to sustain a
Jury syst*:u that will certainly be
worse than the present?
23d. What good will it do you to
have more Courts established, to
make mote places for office-seekers,
-o Ih y can make you pay more
tuxe>, ?
2-[th. Take tl o side of the People;
rebuke tho politic aits, and vote “No
Convention.” We will then have
better times in Georgia, because then
men will see that tho people cannot
bo humbugged. —Published by re
quest.
A Million Dollar Mortgage.
Yesterday, says the Columbus En
quirer, the Mobile and Gi-ard rail
way was mortgaged for $1,000,000
and Messrs. 11. H. Epping, Presi
dent of the Ghattahoocdee National
Bank, Columbus, and J. E. Jones,
President of tbo Georgia Central
Bank, Macon, appointed by tho di
rectors as trustees.
Women have a weakness for brass
buttons.
Annual Subscription $2 3 00
isro. ao
TIUC.
As is well known tho method of
dividing time yory in ditf. rent parts
of tllo world. The Chinese who be
ghi their day at midnight, and end
it on the midnight following, divid
big tho interval itifo tivolvb hours,
eicli equal to two of ours, a nd known
by a name and a particular figure,
ia the Turkish empire time is reck
oned by certain porti ns of the nat
ural day, resembling the wa'ches of
the ancient Jews and Romans. Rub
ik; clocks not bring used, these di-
i-
visions of time are not proclaimed
from the minarets. The various an
cient divisions of the day differ wide
ly from tho custom of our old time.
Cnakleaus, Syrians, Persians and
Indians, begin the day at sunrise,
and divide tue day into four parts.
The d;v sions of the day into quar
ters was in use long before the divis
ions into hours. It was only alter
the first sun-dial was b;ought from
Catani i, in Sicily, to Rome, that the
Romans divided the days into twen'y
four hours. They called the time
between the rising and setting of the
sun the natural day; and the lime in
the twenty four hours. They began
aud ended their civil day at midnight,
and took this practice from their an
cient laws, and customs, and rights
of religious use,Hong before they had
any idea of the divisions into hours.
The Greeks divided tho day into
twelve houvy—a practice derived
the day was divided into equal in
tervals of time.
Crime Graded. — Taking ono
$1,000,(too is called a case of geni
us, taking SIOO,OOO is called a ca?u
of shortage, taking $50,000 is call
ed a case of litigation, taking $25,-
000 is called a case of insolvency,
taking SIO,OOO is called a case of
irregularity, taking $5,000 is call
ed a case of defalcation, taking
SI,OOO is called a case of corrup
tion, taking SSOO is called a case
of embezzlement, taking SIOO is
called a case of dishonesty, taking
SSO is called a case of t ievery,
taking $25 is called a caso of total
depravity, taking one ham is call
ed a case of war on society. — Se
lected.
Doniesticnled Biiffalrcu.
James J/olvay lias six buffaloes
on his grazing farm at Long Lake
in J/auitoba; two of these are
calves brought in from the West
last tall; the others are older, some
of them are full grown. They
feed with cattle during the win
ter, accompany them to the river
for water every day, and are tho
first among the herd to enter tho
warm stables for shelter at night.
The buffaloes, from natural in
stinct, are conscious of approach
ing storms some time before felt,
aud retire to comfortable quarters
in the stable sometimes an hour
two before the storm arises.
The Turkish Government has de
cided to admit foreigners into the
army; A number of English gentle
men, who have had experience in tho
English army are about to join tho
Ottoman forces, including Hon. W.
Drummond,
Trouble is reported at ralesiinc,
with a panic at Jerusalem.
•