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Ilftf llifiti Misfit , W. A, SINGLETON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL. 11. CAVALRY OF HISTORY. Th TrOo|) til Ancient Tlmcs—Changei uni Improvements In ttie Service In Rurope. 0 initially horses were on'y used in war for the purpose of bringing the c'• ietVi fresh into acton, and this was effect'd by moans of chariots, from wiiicli tiie warriors descended and fought tin foot. Even win n cavalry proper tb-st came in o use tbe l-.ors--- tnen did not charge in organized bodies or e gage in hand to hand cncoun'ers, their arms being bows arid arrows, or javel ns. In fact, *h first cavalry we e bat mo lined skir mishers. When Xerxes invaded Greece the Persian host comprised caval y who wore accus omed to cliarge in regular l'orma< ion, and fight hand to hand with the enemy. Alex ander the Great was apparently tin first, among the Greeks to n ler land the pioper use of cavalry, and to d-- rive full advantage from their momen tum. Ilia cavalry were of throe sorts: heavy, with coats of ma 1, hoimets nnd brazen greaves, swords and short pikes ; light, with lances sixteen feet long, used mainly for outpost duty; and dimachi, genuine dragoons, ac customed to fight either on foot or horseb-sk. A exander organized his cavalry in troops two hundred and fifty htrong, with eight ranks. Between the troops he placed light infantry, a practice wh ch has found favor w,th commanders wlo lived two thousand years later. The early Roman cav alry used neither saddle nor stirrups, wore no cui: ass, and had only a shi dd ah I helmet. Their arms were ight lances, javelins and swords. They sui on a pul, kept in its place by a girth, a bre >st-plate and a ci upper. The Roman cavalry, as su h, were i'oi sometime o dy used f r reconnoiter ing purposes, aDd tu pu sue a beaten enemy. As late as the battle ■ f Can nte ihe Roman knights hap-d off their horse to fight, llannibal int 'o duced gr a' improvements in the Carthaginian cavalry, and the Ro mans, ever ready to learn from an enemy, lol.owtd his example, and raisi-d the mounted brancti to a h gh pitch of efficiency. The Germans formed their cavalry in double order, with somcimes as many as sixteen ranks. Their me ho i of fighting was by titling up to the enemy without cnarg ng. and upon arriving within range of their pistols, they fired two pistol shots each, aim then the front rank wheeled to the right or left, and unmasked the pec ond, which took up the fira while the leading rank wei e retiring to the rear, where they termed up in reserve and recharged then pistols. Each rank did this in turn until the whole force hid dii-cbaiged their weapons. A practice aro-e among th© Fiench cavalry of charging at full speed, sword in hand, and the r-suit was alwavs the overthrow of their oppo nents. Yet gradually the French adopted the vicious system of the Germans, and soon all over Europe the lunce ar.d sword were abandoned for a pistol, and the pace of the cliarge reduced to a trot. Hence, for sometime, cavalry was of li tie use in war. Gustavus Adolphus was, perhaps, oue of the greatest midtaiy reformers that ever lived. He re duced the depth of cavalry fo three ranks, retain and only the cuirass and helmet in the heavy cavalrv, abolished defensive armor altogeiher for the light cavalry, aud ordered the cavalry to charge at speed, and after a siugle discuarge of pistols of the first rank, to dash in with tiie sword. His suc cesses cuused his practice to be adopted all over Europe. Frederick the Gre.it improved oil the lessons of Gus avus Adolphus, aud brought the tactics, the orgauizadou, the orill aud tUe individual instructions of his cav alry to great perfection. The Aus tiian regular horse still depended much on tiu lr fire and were cumbrous in i heir movements. The French either attacked, without squadron inteivals, at a trot, or at speed, in dispersed oider. Dip the Atlantic ocean dry with a teaspoon ; twist your hec) into the toe of your boot; s nd up fishing hooks with balloons and fish lor stars ; get astride a gossamer and chase a comet; choke a musquito with a brickbat—in short prove all things hitherto considered impossible to be possible; but never attempt to coax a woman to say she will when she's made up her rnind to say she won’t I3U BKA VISTA. MAR ION CO U 2STTY. CIA*, AUGUST 20 1877. An Incident of tUe Mexican War* Gen. John Mugruder, of sub eqticnf Confed-rate fame, was then an officer in the U. S. army, end plum and i imself higblv on hors- tnun-diip. One and iv he rode across the *q>iare in the ci'y of Mexico on a snn rb ani mal ihat he tmd just boughl for lugh pi ice, and came to the window bv which Shields lav wounded, that the latter might see anil udmiro his nurcidse. The cm voting of th • steed and ihe bearing of the rider drew a crowd into ihe -qu ire, and presently there wen- a thousand or mere sol diers, citizens and armv fo loweis of all kinds watching nnd admit ing Jack Magrudor stio ■ off. After a time, when Magrnder had sopped a mo ment, one of the Mexicans eaitie up io him, patted and praised the horse, and'old ifie officer hat In- rode nl mo t i.s well as an inhabitant ot the countrv. Almost, MagruJcr cried. I cun ride a- well as any Mexican. Sln-w m one who can ride better. Nay, said roe Mexican, you cl im teo much. You tide wei, but it is not po-sible that you can know our horses qni e as well as we do. Magrnder insisted, and growing warm offe ed t' bet a dozen cloub 1-ons that lie could ride his horse bei ihan t'-e otner could. The M- xican objected ; sad he did not like io bet, and did not like to show off his horsemanship in public, but at ia-t, as Magrudi-r grew mure urgent, he reluctantly Cunsenixl, and the mon y was out up iti • tie hands ot another Mexican. For Judge ,an American was ho- n by Magi ad r, a Mexican by tiis adversary, and the two to ge hei chose for the tli rd a F- ench man. Than Mogrmler put his Inns thrall'll fus pace-, first walking aio n the square, then trotting, then gdmp ing, id finally pulling the animat to top speeb, with a niagnficent bursi that drew cheers and hand clappings Irom die crowd. After a few moments the Mexican eatne forward tor his trial. Without touching his hands t > the ani mal he vaulted on ins back, and went through with precisely the same per formance as had Magrnder, and really proved himself to be the more accom plished horseman -f the two. Magru der himself joined i the applause, ami admitted frankly that be was (airlv beaten. The M xican bowed, and said : Now, if the senor will wait a moment I will show intna feat of horsemanship the Ike of which he has never seen. Mugruder assented, -and the Mexican rode halt way round the rqua>e, and then, putting spur to the boise, disap peared in a twinkling. What the d— ! does that mean ! said tbe ownet of the horse. I only know one man who can tide like that, said a bystander, and that is Molino. Molino, the gueri lla! groaned Ma gruder. The same sir. I don’t think you’l ever see your hor e again. He never did; ud the Mexican win held the stake- had also disappeared; probably one of Moltno’s men. Magtu der never beard the last ol this explon among his brother offi-iers, and while his Vexation asled he declared that he was “the biggest fool in the American army." A Cure (or Consumption. A Correspondent of t he Southern Plan tation writes as follows about die powei ofh well known plant: I have discov ered a remedy for pulmonary consump tion. It has cured a number of eases at'ier they had commenced bleeding at the lungs, anil the hectic flush was aI - read on the cheek. Alter trying this remedy to my own satisfaction, I hare thought philanthropliy required that I should let it be known 10 the world. Ii is die common mullen. steeped strong and sweetened with coffee sugar, and drank freely. The limb should be gath ered before the end of July, if conven ient. Young or old p'ants are good dried in the shade am. kept dry in paper hags. The medicine mnst be continued from three to s x months according to the nature of the disea-e. It is very good for the blood vessels also. It strengthens the system, and builds up instead of taking away strength. It makes good blood and lakes iuflamation away from the Jungs.” England demands §14,500000 for 12 years lea?* of Canada fisheries. _A. DEMOCRATIC F NEWSPAPER. Three Men Murdered by Se groci. We find the following in the Mont g -merv Advertiser, of Sa'urd'y. We le irn Irom Mr. J. K. -Spence, of Pickenß county, that on last Friday afternoon, at Pickensville, Pickens Count v, a negro man struck Mr. An drew Bush. a good and peaceful cH ecn, on the liead wi-h a bidet ■ -f wood. The blow fractured the skull, and death result- and next morning. The murderer rt <l, but two citizens, nam ed Win. Story ami Thomas Kilpatrick, s n of tiie county Tax C-lleetor, ar ranged t•g 'in pursuit of him. 1 bis fuct was known to the negroes in the community, and a party of them way la ed the road they were to travel, and about eleven o clock, on Sa> unlay night, only a short distance from P'ek ensvill-, fired on them, killing both t them iust 'iitly. Ai er shooting dr. S orv off his horse, the fiends took Ins gun and shot him again in :he head and f.ce, aim >st s!i -oti- g them away. They then laid him out n the road, crossed his nan-.s, and aid his gnrt and saddle across his dead hotly. Mr. Story hail been act ing ns a deputy sheriff for the counly. Mr. Kilpat.i.-k wu- eft in the toaxl where he was sliot and hied. Tilt bodies were discovered in a short tint after the murder, and the whole com munity tinned. A clue to the per petrators was soon l i-rned, warrants were is-ue t for the arrest of a large .lumber of negro'-s. Seven ot whom were committed to j iil to await the law. We nnd. rotund tha' two ot the -cvi n have conf- s ed the m ilder, and through them all ihe facts will be developed. The negro who killed Mr. Bush is still at large. A Mi rue Hi ous lisc a |e. A correspondent of the Sandersvii’e Herald writes as fol'ows: In Johnson county, on the evening ol the 3 Ist oi July, Mrs. Nancy Move, a widow lady, and her daughter, Miss Sal lie M'-yc, w-re silting in their house seemingly se cure from ail harm, lightning struck an oak in about five feet from the door steps, tearing the bark from it, tiom there it was communicated to tiie pi azza, demolishing a small room and hi tered apparently from various direction al the main body of the dwelling. How either of tnetn eso-ped is a m racle, tm ihe floor was splintered immedia civ un der Mrs. Moye, ripping up ihe floor in about three 'set in ihe rear of Mis Sal ie Move bursting into splinieis one of the comer post of ihe house, and splinterm the ceding he ween the piazzi and th-- main body of the dwelling Boih wereem c derablv shocked by the electric fluid, hut Mis." M.ye much less than her -laughter. When she tecovere-i -he found her daughter pros trate upon the floor. She appli-d a shower bath widen somewhat restored her, and 'hen went for l>r. L. A. Gray bill, who was near by, anil under h s judicious treatment she is, strange io say, npidly recovering, although het body bears tbe marks of lightning; whether it be the daguei ieotype of the surroundings or not, 1 am unab etosay, hut the impress as of the scratches is plainly to be seen. The Instinct .( Mosquitoes. An exchange savs : The mosqui toe?, it ha- lv<n iliscov r and by learned profess r, are possessed ot •treat powers of observation aud pen etra ion. Down at the sea-ide we notiei this fact ourselves. When a big t. uuk was land'd fro uan exp e-s wagon into the etrry of a hotel, the niml) e insects usually mad for r, aud crawled through the keyhole f u' the purpose of t>k ng not's. It lie clothes within betokened that a tat person was the owner, me mosquitoes would stay w thin and b ■ cairied up to the room, where they would lay for the fat person until bed time. If the garmentsbel ng to a thin person, the insocts would pile through that keyhole in double quick order. A little Greeley, Colorado, girl who was picking peas, had gatm-red eigln gallons during one lorenoon. She sa\s of a girl thirteen years old : ‘•She cried for had an hour because I had picked a gallon more than she, and while she was crying, I picked another gallon.” Such is life. Dudley, Mass., was Cargngoggag gogmanchoygagog once. Well, once was enough. HI M iItIiABLU URAISS. A Bullet Taken From a Mar’i Ileail, and n Nail From a Woman's* A Conf derate soldier from the Va'i y of Virginia, savs the Wheel ing Register, in one of the battles of •t>ie late civil War was struck on the head by a minni - ball. The ball passed through the skull, and the surtreons, afraid to probe the wound in search of it, left the man to die. In the course of time lie recovered, but had lost his reason and was sent to ihe insane asylum nt Staunton, where e r< mnined for eleven years. At. length Dr. Fa n leroy obtained per mission from the asylum authorities arid friends of 'lie insane mm to make a surgical examination ot the head wi'h the hope of finding the hall. He was successful, and found the bull imbedded on the inside ot iff- skull and pushing against the brain. Unable to extract it wi h any instrument -it hand, he took a chisel and mo tised it <mt. As soon as the ball \va - r- moved reason resumed is control, and the a- ranged one was in h s righ l m nd. He s iys le is not e msc-dus of anything that occurred during the interval of eleven years— irom the time lie was s ruck on the hat le i-Id to the moment the pres sure \ as removed from tiie b ain, nil was a blank to him. Another case in the same county of Augusta was t hat of a boy whose gun burst- and while shooting, and drove the lock Intot! e brain. The piece was t.ken out b-- a ski'ful surgeon without se ll us injure to the p-tient. Hut the most remarkable cas • in the same neighborhood was that ot a woman -object to fits of mental derangement, and w ile in a spell of lunacy drove an ei-lit p'-ny nail into the top of het head, penetrating down into the b ain—th- nail having been driven up to its head. 'The nail was drawn nut, and lie woman has been in sound mntal condition ever since. Bain fall. How great the quantity of rain which fails on the earth I Had our readers thought of it? That you nay foun some idea of the quantity and weight of rainfall, read what Hon. Thus. P. Janes has to say about it : An English acre consists of 6,272,- 640 square inches, and an inch deep ol rain on an acre yi- lds 6,272,640 cubic inches ot water, which, at 231 cubic incites to the gtllon, make 27,154 gall n£, nd as agdl -n ofdis illed water weighs 10 pounds, the rainhili on an acre is 271 540 pounds avoirducois ; counting 2,240 pounds as a ton, an inch deep of rain weighs over 12T tons per acre. For every one-hundredth of an inch in depth. 12 tons of water falls on an acre, and for ev.-iy tenth of an inch, 12 tons of Water. On an average in Georgia, from 46 050 inch's ot ran falls in a year, making the equivalent of 5,600 tons or m me of water on a single acre- Some idea kpv be dnis formed of the enortno is supp y nature furnishes. It wou and take ten 1-ads a day even ilav in tm- yeai to supply, on a single •ere, tne quantity of wa er which nature funds es gratuitously. These I ic s give c-me idea i-t the impossi bility of tbe i rigation if crops, ex cepi wneti water can be cheaply con veyed by natural forces io where it is need tl. Irrigation also b intended only to supplement an ii-sufficien rainfall. Climate is essential. It must furnish us tree. The distribu tion <-f rainlall is far more imperial) than die actual quantity. * * * Excess nnd defect are alike injurious o crops. The distribution in Georg a is Mich as to secure a go and general average of crops, and the elimut'- in thi- respect may be considered favor able.’ A literary gentleman, wishing to he undistmbed one day, instructed his Irish servant to admit no < nc, and if any one inquired lot him to give him *m equivocal answer. Night came, and the gentleman proceeded to int rrogate Fat as to his visitors ‘Did an\ o■& cal ?’ ‘Yes, sir; wan geutleinn. ’ ‘What did he say?’ •He axed was y< r honor in.’ ‘Well, what did you tel him? ‘Sire, I gwe him "a quivikil answer, jist.' How was t .at?’ ‘I axed him was bis grandmother a monkey,’ Ten Tlioiisniid Dollars tor a Drink of Water* In one of the- hotly contested fights in Virginia, during the war. a Fed eral officer fell in front of the Cnn ledcrate breaGworke. While lying t-ere, wounded and crying for water, a Confederate soldier (James Moore, of Burk-county, N. C.) declined his intention ot supplying him with drink. The bullets were flying thick from both sides, anti M"ore’s friends endeavored to dissuade him from siu-h a hazardous enterprise. De spite remonstrance and danger how ever, Moore leaped the breastworks, canteen in hand, reached his wounded enemy and gave him dtink. The Federal, under a sense of gratitude for the 'imely service, took out his gold watch and offered it to tiis bene factor, but it was refused. The offi cer then asktd the name of fie one who had braced such danger to s-'C cor him. 'The name was given and Moor - returned unhurt to his posi tion beh nd the embankm nt. They saw nothing more of earn other. Moore was subsequently wound and, and lost a limb in one of the engage ments in Virginia, and returned to is oine in Bioko county. A few ihiys ago e received a communica tion from the Federal soldier to whom he had given the '‘cup of cold water’ on the occasion alluded io, nnoutic ing that he had settled on him the sum of SIO,OOO, to be paid in four annual Instaim-ms of $2 500 each. Investigation lias istablisheJ the fact that there is no mist ke or and cep ion in tiie matter. —Raleigh News. Be Something. Man was not mode to rust out his life. It is expected he “should act well his par-.’’ And is it not the duty ot everyone to assume some part as actor on the great stage of life? Many thmk they can vegetate, as it were, without being anything in particular. This is a great mistake, and one very common; man has a work to perfonn, which it is his duty to attend to —h- must tie somebody. It is a principle in tiie creed of the Mohammedans that everyone shop Id nave a trade. Is a man to live upon the wealth acquired bv his am e-t -rs? Is lie to pass through life as an au tomaton? Asa citizen of the world has he nothing io perform? Amm who does nothing, is use e s to hi couii' ry as an iniiabitaut —he is a met e ciphei-, he (foes not fulfill the obliga tions for which he was sent into the world, and when lie dies he has no finished the woik that was given bint to do. He is atm re blank in crea tion. Some are born with riches ami honors upon their beads, bui does i follow’ that they have nothing to do in their carver through life ? Be soim thing. There are certain duties for ever- one sint on ti is ear h Don’ live like a hermit, aud die uu regretted. Be something. Don't be a drone. You may rely upon your pres- nt pos sessions or on your future prosp cts, but these r ches may fly away, or .it h r hopes may be blignted, and if y--u have no p;ace of your own, in sue i a case, ten t> one, you w II find your i-ath Ls-1 with in my thorns Want may come upon 30U before you are aware of it, and having no pro f ssion of any kind, you find yourself in anyt .ing but an enviable c ndition. It. is, therefore, important that you should be something. Don’t depend upon fortune, for site is a fickle sup port, winch often fails when you lean upon her with the too greatest c -nfi ■ lence. T ust in your own exertions. B • something. You certainly have a part to act, and the honor in per forming th&‘ part depends upon your self. Everyone is capable of learning smne -ait, dale or mystenand can earn a competence for himself. Children should oe taught t be some thing ; to know how to provide for thein-elves in case of necessity, and to act well lhe.il* part they will reap the honor that therein lies. The safety board of the town of Canaan, Conn., in 1776, sentenced Hannah C'apron to be public y whi ped ; 20 lashes on the naked body, to be brand and on her forehead, wear a rope around her neck during life; and to bo whipped 20 lashes every lime she was see i with the rope off, because she had left her husband and aken up with Joseph Lincoln. The safety-board of Canaan did noth ing whatever to Joseph Lincoln Annual Subscription $2,00 3STO. 46 Wit anti Junior, ‘l’m practically uneasy on thin r o : nt.’ as the fly sdd when the lailor s 1 uck him on the end f ueetlie. Why is a newspaper like a tooth ache? Because everybody should have one of his o' n, and not be bor rowing his nei hbor’s. •Don't show my letters,' wrote a Rockland young man to a young lady whom he adored. ‘Don’t be afraid was the reply;’ ‘l’m just as much ashamed of them as you are.’ ‘What did you get?’ asked a wife of her husband on his roturn Irom a hunting excursion cf several days duration. ‘I got back,’ he senten tiously replied. Spicer is anxious to know if tiie merchant who advertises ‘full lines of underclothing’ is connected with the party who walked of with last week’s wash from the back y ard. Yet another warning. Joseph Bates, of Vermont, falls dead while carrying in an armful ot wood. Show this paragraph to your wile. Nay, cut it out and pin it to the woodshed door. ‘Madam,’ sai l a certain nameless one to Mrs. Brown, the other day, ‘you ate talking simple rubbish.’ ‘Yes, sir,’ replied the ever-crushing lady, ‘because I wish you to compre hend me.’ Before they are married she will carefully (urn down his coat collar wnen it, gets away, but after that he’ll jerk it down into position as if she whs throwing a door mat out of the window. “Miss C said a young gentleman, one evening, ‘why are ladies so fond of officers?’ ‘How smpid!’ repded Miss C ; ‘is it n.it natural and proper tbai a lady should not like a good offer, sir ?’ A writer says that when a swimmer gets a cramp, he should turn his toes towai <1 the knee. Another good way is 10 turn your toes toward the mid ole of the pond, and paw for the nearest diy land. The Chicago Journal figures 13,- 000,000 American schoolboys will ear 38,000,000 holes in their pants -lut iug the summer vacation, and this in addition to stone bruises, explo sions, drownings, falls and the colic. A sc'ioolmaster attempted to flog a a Racine girl the other day, but she just ripped off half a dozen ribs of her hoopskirt and sloshed around until he Couldn’t have spelled Con stan inople it ho had to been hung for it. Spilkins came down town with a nosegay in his buttonhole. ‘Hullo!’ said a friend ; ‘why, Leandi-r you look as if you had just come out of a gieeue house.’ ‘No,’ replied Spil kins, mop >ing his fevered brow ; ‘but I passed the night in a hot bed.’ A Pacific-slope Indian was pleased by his n’loduction to a ga vunic 1 attery, 1 hough it doubled him all up. Because,as he u-maiked to his squaw: ‘Me buy ’em one for you ; knock .-pot out you spose you no good woman. You sabe me, Mrs. Jim.’ O e test of a grea .mind is its in stantaneous availability in an emer gency. The boy who can drop a paper-bag of eggs on the sidewalk, and pass on without changing bis gait, interrupting his whis le, or looking at w hat he has dropped, has a fu ure before him. Lightning struck a hive of bees in Kansas the other day. The p ( infill s ory is soon told. The misguided ightning came ou' of that hive quicker than it went in and shot off into space with its tail between its legs. Moral—Never pick a quarrel when you are not acquainted with the folks. It was at a party, and another fol low had marched triumphantly off widi hisgrl. ‘That’s the way,’ said he sadly ; ‘it isn’t merit that wins in the world—it’s brass watch-chains and paste diamonds and dyed mous taches.’ And ho swa)lowed down his Adam’s apple fully three times before i would stay; such was his grief. ‘Which is the most valuable—ex perience or instinct?’ was the subject np for discussion at a country debat ing society recently. One member said experience teaches ns to back np to a hot stove when we are cold, bnt when our coat-tails ketch fro instinct is boss