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ifftSON CO. PUB. COM’Y, ) A proprietors. ( ol.l'MH V. " It PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY* nfJFRTS HOWARD, Editor and Publisher, JEFFERSON, JACKSON CO ., GA. v F COR. PUBLIC SQUARE, UP-STAIRS. fIC& ; TEAKS OF SaBSCRIPTIOH. B eopy l2 m0nth5.......................... .........61.30 it ;{ “ 50 "p or every Club of Ten subscribers, an ex fjpv of the paper will be given. RATES OF ADVERTISING. (Kf DoIIAB per square (of ten lines or less) th ' |j rs t insertion, and Seventy-five Cents each subsequent insertion. _ is a space oi one mch, measured down the column. Uyi Advertisements sent without spccihca- the number of insertions marked thereon, i! be published till FORBID, and charged or Professional Cards, of six lines itss Seven Dollars per annum; and where ■v do not exceed ten lines, Ten Dollars. ftyaf JMucrtisemeuts. NOTICE! [[ILL be let to the lowest bidder, before the \ Ordinal’s office, in Jefferson, Jackson imty, Ga., on the St h day of December, 1S7!), for superintending, managing and ■imr for the inmates of the Poor House of said unty. The county will furnish all provisions, thing, medical attention, &c., necessary for the ipers, and the person making the lowest bid, rinontli. for said service of superintending, &c., II be awarded the contract upon the following iditions: The contractor will be required, at expense, to cultivate the farm and receive all • benefits thereof, the same to be allowed for in iking bids ; also, to cultivate a garden sufficient supply vegetables for the paupers. The con dor will be required to give boud, with good unty. in the sum of five hundred dollars, con ntnal, for an honest administration, respectful ihumane treatment of the paupers, and faith- Idischarge of all duties, and will he required to ike monthly reports to the Ori nary, showing cnumber and condition of the paupers, amount pended for provisions, clothing and medical at ition during the month, and the amount of pro ions, Ac., on hand at the end of the month, (sides forfeiting said bond, the contractor will subject to removal by the Ordinary at any He for failure or refusal to comply with any of e conditions or regulations. For more definite ecifications, apply to this office. nov7 11. W. BELL, Ord'v. XhV<'..to . r 11.1, bo lot. to the lowest bidder, before the I Court House door in Jefferson, on Monday, i Stl: day of December, 1879, the contract for tiling the bridge across the Mulberry river. r Oshields'. according to the following specifi er's : Said bridge to be built just above where ros'l crosses said river, on level with the bank Jefferson side, with 12 feet roadway, with one ty feet swinging span extending from abutment lon north bank; one span from arch under nixing spun, extending well out on north bank, loused to be thirty feet long; the arch under 'ingmg spun to he built on mud sills .thirty feet n # : upright to arch to he 12 by 12 inches, well toed with timbers S by 10 inches, extending h out pH mud sill to within 12 inches of cap : j uprights in centre Bby 8 inches ; cap sills y Id inches, mortised half through so as to lit I; up of tenants on uprights; five sleepers to uppng span 10 by 12 inches ; said span to be i;p boded with iron bolts and Swede iron ;} inch 10 ■ an, l'! inches wide, to hold the same ; live lepers to end span G by 12 inches ; king post 10 I niches; rafters Bby 10 inches ; flooring 14 ' longand 2 inches thick, to be well spiked '"n with 3 inch stringers ; banisters fastened to f- its made of 3 inch scantling, 3 feet high and •’ct apart, mortised through and keyed on under ? ! ' or ' n S plank ; planked on inside with inch 1 j ': f inch strip over top. All sleepers to lap ‘Oil cap sills. Timbers to be all heart hut s , s : sawed except sleepers to swinging •'< in mav >e hewn, if well and smoothly ” e ‘ "'‘l work to be done in a workmanlike ■''! as the work and all timbers will be in ’' j'j hefore being placed in the water. Pcr- N ,'’' j'lg off said contract will be required to ,4; , for farithf ‘d compliance of the same im :'b'iv after the letting. Full and complete at this office! 11. W. BELL, Ord’y. . E. E. DIXON, Gainesville, G-a.. kolesale and Retail Dealer in >n r (k~ond ATEDICLYES, p A-IIsrTS A. IST ID OILS, toilet soaps, Perfumery, s Hvrv \Aw;v\ ‘ft'&NC'E.S, fjssss, Spoagcs, Tooth M Hair Brushes, Ms, '•K'LVDIES S' WHISKIES, and all kinds of Sundries. Public will find my stock of MEDICINES iV t " arra, ded GENUINE, and of the best - • nov 21 Martin Institute. please NOTICE! T j * ' * in the Swing, that Tuition e , H >e i>ui<i by the middle of each Term, or i Uo ‘ [ ' barge the usual B*nk rates from that m UUi C(,m P c 'dcd to collect now m order to n.uV?N <vM l Sv * an( i save my property. My a*- “ -'ml ~r must be settled or adjusted before t ra, '!, 1 , ‘hcenjber prox. Our rates are so low H ‘ wot run accounts. Please call and settle .. ■i'c cxpense. Our accounts due previous to J m the hands of Prof. 0r i. i JOHN W. GLENN * 14ih, 187&. Priu. Martin Institute. 1 Ik* People tlieir oxvn Rulers; Advancement in Education, Science, Agriculture and Southern Manufactures. The Objects of Institute Instruction. An Address Delivered Before the Jackson County Teachers' Institute, October Ist, 1879, by G. J. N. Wilson. W hen reduced to its last analysis, the true mission of man, so far as regards all earthty purposes, is to live for the good of others. Individually, I would really like to know how far that man or woman's goodness goes, who has never done any tiling to elevate society. The sober, thinking world is beginning to in quire. how much of true greatness exists in the life of those who have never made an ef fort to dry the eye of sorrow, or chase away the dark shadows that ignorance and super stition have cast ox'fer earth and its teeming millions. And having began this investiga tion, another is propounded, and intelligent parents are beginning to ask how it is possi ble for teachers to learn their pupils any thing thej r do not know themselves. It is conceded that we live in an enlight ened age—one in which we hardly dare limit the power of thought. But for all this, the wonderful achievements of cultivated mind are confined in a space too limited—too few are the recipients of the power intelligence wields—too few partake of the benefits intel lectual culture affords its votaries. A vast forest, dark and gloomy, in which a cultiva ted spot may be found otity here and there, lies before the intelligent teacher’s view. Thorns and thistles grow in rank profusion there ; and there crime in all its hideous forms hold high carnival, and helpless humanity is given a sacrifice to such hideous demons as only ignorance and superstition can create. There the human form divine becomes the tenement of misery, and lies in distorted form where the howl of the wolf becomes its fune ral dirge, and the scream of the vulture its last requiem. To enter this forest with an organized force is the mission of the teachers assembled here to-day. Their purpose is to drive away the darkness and gloom that bang in heavy dra pery around its fastnesses, and plant roses where the thorns and thistles grow—to estab lish virtue in the vestibule of science, and strip from guilt its assumed covering—to raise weeping humanity from the dust of ages, and by a thorough training of the rank and file, make the highly responsible class represent ed, a power that shall be felt and honored throughout the length and breadth of the land. In this “march to the sea," it is proposed tnat the raw recruit as well as the trained veteran join us, and that our followers become worshippers of ideas instead of words—that books become accessories and not principals, and that those who would learn them be brought face to face with the facts they con tain by experiment and demonstration —that they vex the electric cylinder until it yields its last spark, and that they apply with their own hands the magnet to the needle. Here xve expect to be brought into actual contact with facts, and be taught to observe and bring them into relation with the science evolved from them, and while we expect to trust in authority, we will demand proof of each asseveration. Then, having organized ourselves into a Teachers’ Institute, we, from this stand point, do not speak of the enterprise as an experi ment, but as an established fact. No one knowing the material of which this body is composed, will for a moment doubt our suc cess. And while some members upon whose presence much depends are absent at this our first annual convocation, I am persuaded that all or nearly all of them have good reasons for their absence, and that they will 3’et enter the lists with a loud, long, transporting shout, indicative of final victory. If, when going hence, others should ask us by what means we hope to obtain success, let the answer bp in EngUah. Teli them that we in tied to the Standard of edu cation by gaining a thorough knowledge of our profession ; by establishing a bond of common sympathy between teacher and peo ple ; by the adoption of a uniform series of text-books, and by securing a regular atten dance upon school. We have come here to discover the philo sophical principles which underlie every department of instruction, and to properly apply them to the natural order of develop ment is the first and leading object to engage our attention. Teachers too often follow in the tracks of those who taught them without stopping to consider whether or not some things are wrong, and if there are not others which may be greatly improved. The Insti tute is the place to stop and consider these things, and having considered them well and faithfully, we will then, and not till then, be prepared to teach others. Here we may learn that teaching is not an imitative art, but a science hased upon principles as im mutable as that which holds together the particles of matter whether whirling in the heavens above, or slumbering in the earth beneath. If we make it an imitative process, and devote the time of the Institute to a detail of the plan for teaching each branch, we may present a plan which one may imi tate, but another cannot. On the other hand if wc develop the elements of science, we JEFFERSON. JACKSON COUNTY, GA.. FRIDAY. DECEMBER 5. IS7D. put into the hands of every one the means for independent action, and each can bring out his or her methods in accordance with given views. In this way we may learn much from each other, and become a united power against which the marshaled forces of the olden time pettifogger may snarl in vain. In the Institute we expect to place our selves in such a position as to command the respect of parents and guardians to such an extent as to convince the people of 'Jackson county, and all others who may feel an interest in our proceedings, that it is not only their imperative duty to patronize our schools, but that our success as faithful and competent workmen who need not be asham ed of tlieir work, is essentially necessary to the welfare and happiness of their children, and to the prosperity, the greatness, and the renown of the country in which they live. Instructors, both in the school room and elsewhere, who fail to command the respect of the public, are robbed of their power to do good, however skilful and efficient they may otherwise be. It is high time that all men and women who assume the teacher's role, should demon strate that they are alive to their calling, fully equal to the great task before them, and show by their deeds that they do not only expect the prompt payment of their salary, but that they have earned it to the last cent, and done something that will live in pleasing story or in charming song, when the grand mission of the true teacher has come to a close. Though done with a limited amount of intelligence, I have scanned the educational field of this country with an eye single to the discovery of its success and its failures. That education has made many signal tri umphs I need not tell you. Nor is it neees sar} r to say that there have been failures. It becomes our duty to remedy the failures as best we can, and thus increase the number of our successes. With the lights before me, 1 am well grounded in the opinion that the best way to do this is in a well conducted Institute where teachers may help one anoth er, as neighbor helps neighbor roll logs, and as all other professions advance their various interests by combina-Lims into, societies as numerous as the professions themselves. Let the farmer have his grange, his club, and his agricultural society. In all this we bid him a hearty God-speed, and when the time comes that all farmers meet with success the world will have collected one hundred per cent, on every dollar invested. Let the merchant establish his board of trade, let the mechanic, the lawyer, the ph3 r sician, the newspaper man, and even the croaking poli tician all meet in their conventions; let the holy men of God meet in solemn asserabty to extend the kingdom of their groat Master on earth ; let all men of every honorable calling and of every faithful creed unite their forces as rivers and rivulets unite to form the mighty ocean ; but after all, these will flourish only in proportion to the work done by the school-master. This class lias already done much ; but there is yet much to be done. A mountain of simple, silly prejudice is to be leveled with the surrounding surface; a deep and practical interest in schools is to be awaken ed in the minds of fathers and mothers ; the depths of ignorance and the heights of intel ligence are to be spread out like a map before all the people; a bond of sympathy, close and endearing, is to be, I will say, created between teachers and pupils as well as be tween teachers and parents; good laws, the Foundation of all success, must be given ; and these laws must be administered in such degrees of love and mercy as the varied natures of the subjects under control seem to justify. To do this requires no ordinary amount oL give to t£e world a nation of people great, and prosperous and happy. To fail is to envelop in darkness that which God intended to be ablaze witii sunshine and gladness. The work begins in the mother’s arms, and is fostered on the father's knee ; but the great seal of manhood and of womanhood is placed upon it in the school-room. Then let the teachers of this country take a proud and lofty step in the direction of their school houses, however humble they may be. Let them remember that they carry the destiny of a nation upon their shoulders, and it will be well for papa and mama to re member this also. In my humble judgment the longest step taken in this direction is that : which led you here this morning. In the name of the citizens of Jefferson, I bid you welcome. Their assurance as I met them face to face told me to make the welcome hearty and whole-souled. In the name of the good people who kneel around this altar, I again bid you welcome. Tour mission is a grand auxiliary of theirs, and they bid me tell you to be and feel at home. A knowl edge of your characters and profession is the guarantee that nothing unbecoming sacred things will be witnessed here, and this is your passport not only to a welcome here, but to whatever sphere of honor and usefulness the teacher’s mission may call you to go. That you may the better accomplish this mission you have assembled in a deliberative capacity, not for the particular purpose of 3’our own good : but for that of others. Beats there a heart in the human breast that will not call it a great and noble purpose. There is no interest so dear to parents as that which pertains to the welfare of their children. If there is no other way of reaching their pride, it is sure to be enkindled when they learn that their loved ones are bright and intelli gent, and are likely to make a smooth and even wa}' into the active scenes of the throb bing. busy world. When thc3 r learn that teachers are acting upon enlightened views, the3 r ar encouraged and incited to pursue a liberal policy in the maintainance of their in stitutions oflearning, and their warm-hearted co-operation is thus secured. I have known man3 r ceildren made dunces by their parents, and turned into first-class idiots by their teachers. This was attributed to a failure on the part of mother nature, when, in fact, the good old dame had been kicked out at the back door when the children were helpless infants. In the Institute teachers are brought into direct intercourse with professional brothers and sisters, and have an opportunity to mea- sure themselves and profession al^ 1 with others. Those who remain isolated, knowing little and caring less of intellectual growth in others, will, if their C3’es are open, soon see the time come when they will not dare to measure their strength with the great iron arm that is soon to move and regulate the educational forces that are intended to be developed in the Jackson County Teachers Institute. Refinement and culture exert an elevating influence upon all societ}'. Growing out of this is a professional pride which is an ele ment of success in every calling. And it is high time that the C3’es of teachers should be opened to the real nobility of their work, and be relieved from that embarrassment which causes them to be considered as onl3' teach ers who have taken up the calling merely be cause there is nothing else to do, or at most, only for the small amount of money they are to receive at the end of their cheerless journey. Young teachers will find that the Institute is a mo./, excellent place to learn to express their thoughts in public. A few years of practice* life will convince almost any person that this is really one of the most important lessons, whether called for in the school-room or elsewhere. For the want of this charming facult} 7 ' many fail to teach what they know well enough, because they have not the power of making thought appear to others as it is seen and felt by themselves. The habit of taking notes, and of elabora ting them afterwards, should be followed by all teachers, especially in the Institute, thus reserving for future consideration what car. not be duly pondered at the time. The young teacher will certainly find this of vast importance, and if persevered in will, in a few vehJs. be fruitful of surprising results. Indeed, I think I may safely assert that no lesson cin be learned that will more conduce > to accuracy of scholarship, or more effectually contribute to richness of thought. Another prominent object subserved by Institutes is the opportunity they furnish of readily introducing into t:ie practice of the such new improvements as are made in? the science and art of teaching. Outside of these general gatherings it requires a long H'me for anew method to work its way into use among the isolated members of a profession as numerous as this. But through the agency of the Institute, a happy invention in proof, in illustration, or a dis covery in teaching “the young idea how to shoot” Quickly spreads from rank to rank, and scarcely has assumed form before it is bera'.L 8 from school to school, and from tUencFto every family in the county. In this respect it is a means of improvement more throughly organized, and more prac tically effected than is possessed by the members of any other profession. In this organization the whole body of teachers are brought into contact with our most distinguished scholars, and can learn something of their manners and habits of thought. Thtfcless experienced thus become embued with their spirit, and absorb the cast of scholarship which they display. And further, there is an opportunity offer ed for not only educators, but also to the citi zens of tiie vicinity who may hear a course of lectures on literary and scientific subjects ; and, in addition to the information which is imparted, and the enthusiasm inspired, teach ers are enabled to learn something of the modt3 of their delivery. The talents of su- perior educators are made public property, and their services are brought into requisition in part3 of the country where they are need ed, and where they will accomplish the grea test good. No teacher need remain buried in neglect and obscurity whose ability fits him or her for a higher position. This brings out one of onr ; greatest objects—one of our lead mg purposes; for it is in this way that the Institute becomes a means of bringing for ! ward the meritorious, and of sending to the [ rear those who are not abreast with the times. Here, too, a familiarity is acquired with the usages of deliberative assemblies, and of the many rules which prevail in them. These rules have been deduced from the experience of ages, and embody the most systematic plan for transacting business. This is a great saving of time, and produces a favorable im pression upon those who witness it. When all our teachers become interested in the prime purpose of elevating tlie stan dard ot education in this country, we may look for a grand revolution in every tiling per taining to the welfare of all the people. Did I know all the ends to be gained l>3 r Institute instruction, I of course could not speak of. them on this occasion. Having alluded to only a few, as I understand them, I yield to the higher claims of others, and confidently expect that the whole field will be surveyed during our deliberations with an ability far superior to any thing which I possess. “ In a gallant ship, and o’er a smoother sea. Sail on ! sail on ! there’s happiness for thee.” State Nomenclature. ORIGIN OF TIIE NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION. Maine was so called as early as 1G23, from Maine, in France, of which Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, was at that time proprie tor. Popular name—The Lumber or Pino Free State. New Hampshire was the name given to the territory conveyed by the Plymouth Company to Capt. John Mason, 113’- [latent. Nov. 7, 1G29, with reference to the patentee, who was Governor of Portsmouth, in Hamp shire, England. Popular name—The Gran ite State. Vermont was so called bv the inhabitants in their Declaration of Independence, Jan. IG, 1777, from the French verd mont, the Green Mountains. Popular name—The Green Mountain State. Massachusetts was so called from Massa chusetts ba\\ and that from the Massachusetts tribe of Indians, in the neighborhood of Boston. The tribe is thought to have derived its name from the Blue Hills of Milton. “I have learnt,” says Roger Williams, “that the Massachusetts were so called from the Blue Hills.” Popular name—The Bay State. '"Rhode Island was so called in 16G4, fn reference to the Island of Rhodes, in the Med iterranean. Popular name—Little Rhod)\ Connecticut was so called from the Indian name of its principal river. Connecticut is a Mocheakannew word, signifying long river. Popular name—The Nutmeg or Free Stone State. New York was so called in IGG4, in reference to the Duke of York and Albany, to whom this territory was granted by the King of England. Popular name—The Empire or Excelsior State. New Jerse3 r was so called in IGG4, from the Island of Jersey, on the coast of France, the residence of the family of Sir George Carteret, to whom tlie territory was granted. Pennsylvania was so called in IGBI, after William Penn. Popular name—The Ke3'- stone State. Delaware was so called in 1703, from Delaware bay, on which it lies, and which received its name from Lord de la Ware, who died in this bay. Popular name—The Line lien or Diamond State. Maryland was so called in honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles 1., in his patent to Lord Baltimore, June 30, 1G32. Virginia was so called in 1584, after Elizabeth, the virgin Queen of England. Popular name—The Old Dominion or Mother of Presidents. Carolina was so called by the French in 15G4, in honor of King Charles IX., of France. Popular name of South Carolina— The Palmetto State ; of North Carolina— The Old Nortli or Turpentine State. Georgia was so called in 1732 in honor of King George 11. Alabama was so called in 1814, from its principal river, meaning Here ive rest. Mississippi was so called in 1800. from its western boundary. Mississippi is said to denote the whole river, i. e., the river formed by the union of many. Popular name—The Bayou Stale. Louisiana was so called in honor of Louis XIV., of France. Popular name—The Creole State. Tennessee was so called in 170,6, from its principal river. The word Ten-as-se is said to signify a carved spoon. Popular name— The Big Bend State. Kentucky was so called in 1702, from its principal river. Popular name—The State of Dark and Blood3 r Ground. Illinois was so called in 1800, from its principal river. The word is said to signify the river of men. Popular name—The Sucker or Prairie State. Indiana was so called in 1800, from the American Indians. Popular name—The Horsier State. Ohio was so called in 1802, from its southern boundary. Popular name—The Buckeye State. Meaning of Indian word (Ohio, Beautiful. Missouri was sq called in 1821, from its principal river. Indian name meaning j muddy water. v TERMS, $1.50 PER ANNUM. } SI.OO For Six Months. Michigan was so called in 1805, from tho lake on its border. Indian name meaning a ivter for fish. Popular name—The Wol verine State. Arkansas was so called in 1812, from its principal river. Indian name. Popular name—The Bear State. Florida was so called by Juan Ponce do Leon in 15/2, because it was discovered ou Easter Sunday, Spanish, Pasca l Florida. isennsin was so called from-its principal river. Indian name, meaning wild rushing river. lowa was so called from its principal liver. Indian name, meaning*///o slc-yyt ones. Popular name—llawkeye State. Minnesota is also an Indian word, moanin'* the whitish water. California, a Spanish word, and named from an arm of the Pacific ocean. Popular name—The Golden State. Texas, a Spanish word, applied to tho republic. Popular name—The Lone Star State. Kansas is an Indian name, meaning the smoky tenter. Nevada is a Spanish word, meaning ivhite with snow. — Chicago Ledger. American Horses in Europe. •-The business of exporting horses, so sue-, cessfully begun iu this country, fortunately meets with favor in England. The following remarks from the “English Live Stock Jour* nal,” may be both interesting and instructive as pointing out a needed improvement in our stock of horses, and one which has frequently been enjoined by the American. Agriculturist \ Our horses are too light for much of the Eng lish heavy work. In England, tools and vehicles are heavy and clumsy, and require, heavy animals to move them. English riders, too, are in general more corpulen t than Ameri cans, and a saddle horse needed for that country, must have stout limbs, strong back, and shoulders; points which have been neg lected in the breeding of our trotting road horses. Our road horses are unexcelled. Our English contemporary has the following to say on this question : “Of late a consider* aole trade has been done iu importing horses, from the United States and Canada. Tho North Metropolitan Tram-ways [this is the name given in England to all horse railroads] imported more than a thousand. They were full of quality, with fair, and in some speci mens fine ae ion., Tlyore were pairs wali worth §750 to a dealer, but they have not. weight enough for tram-work, and are being superseded by the French horse of the eiass, so largely used for the last five years by tln> London Omnibus company. Unless the ro, cent fall in prices stops the trade, the United, States will send us a great many high-class, horses—of the sort Yorkshire used to breed- In the States they have plenty of mares of the right stamp for hunters, hacks, and liar,, ness ; they have thoroughbred sires to keep, up quality ; they have boundless pastures of good grass and maize at a very cheap rate, On the other hand, they have no idea of the. proper make, shape, and action of a riding horse, cr of breaking for saddle. All theip horse talent has been directed to producing fast trotting harness horses, these they under-, stand perfectly. But they are the quickest, people in the world to learn anew trade if it [>ays. They will learn to pick out mares and sires with riding shoulders and strong back, thighs, and hocks. Their horses have size, quality, good temper, and sound constitution to start with. With these advantages the. Americans will soon fill up the blank inhorsa stock created by the competition of beef and mutton in Yorkshire and in Ireland.”— American Agriculturist for December 1. Shade Trees.. The delightful advantages arising from the, planting of shade trees is to be observed, and* can be full appeciated by the sweltering pe. destrian as lie trudges along the blistering pave in the broa l blaze of the sun. The! cool shade of such trees as are to bo found* along the streets is appreciated as the weary. traveler across the Sahara appreciate the. oasis as he conies to it. The lawns and house, yards about the city which contain abundant umbrageous trees look much more inviting and cozy and home-like than do those where, the sun heats down upon bare walls and parched lawns. The former places look as though somebody lived there, the latter just as though untenanted and neglected. Every*, body admits that streets with lots of shade, trees are inviting compared with those widely have none. The cheapest meat for the farmer is mutton. It may safely be said to cost nothing, as thft fleece from the sheep of a good breed amply repay for its keeping. Then, for addi tional profit, there are a lamb or two, the pelt, of the animal if killed at homo, the excellent manure from its droppings, and the riddance, of the pastures from weeds, to which sheep] are destructive foes. With the exception of poultry, mutton is also the most convenient meat for the fanner. A sheep is easily killed and dressed by a single hand in an hour, and, in the warmest weather it can readily be disposed of before it spoils. Science ar.d experience both declare it the healthiest kind of meat, and a foolish prejudice alone prefers pork, which, whether fresh or salt, is the unheathiest of ad. V hen people gain more, wisdom, farmers will keop more sheep.— change. What Turks Drink. In Turkey, where wine and intoxicating drinks are forbidden by the Koran, the juicei of the grupeis boiled down in great quantities and commonly used in the household, much as we use jam, answering the purpose of both butter and jam. It is considerably thicker, than treacle, and in winter can be cut with a knife like butter. It is putnp iugoat-'-kins aid is a common article off rade in the market, 11 icalled “ pek snez;,*’ and is used as a, drink When diluted with water. It tastes somewhat like new cider. NUMBER 2(\