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VOL. XV. THE GEORGIA JEFFERSONIAN. 13 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING BY WILLIAM CLINE, At 1*673 Dollars and Fifty Cents per an nuxn.orT'vuo Collars paid in advance. ADVERTISEMENTS ar*; inserted at OXE HOLLAR per square, Inr the first insertion, and FIFTY CENTS per square, for each insertion thereafter. A reasonable ilediiuimn will be made to those who advertise by the year. All advertisements not otherwise ordered, will he continued till forbid. !r"jf .-ALES OF T.AXDS try Administrators, Executors or Guardians are required hj law to he held on the lirst Tuesday in the month, between the hours ot ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the Court-House, in the county in which the land is situated. Notice ol these sale, •oust be *jiven in a public gazette FORTY DAYS previous to the day of sale. SALES OF NEGROES must be made at pub lie. auction on the first Tuesday of the month, be tWeen ihe usual hours of sale, at the place ol put lie sales in the county where the letters Telus m ntary, of Administration or Guardianship ml i>nve been granted; first giving FORTY DAY notice tl.cuofin one of the public gazelles of ,*?*■• *>, and at the court house wlie.e such salea “ bo held. “xvof.ee for the sale of Personal Property must 9 og.ven in like manner FORTY DAYS previous * j lue day of sale. Notice ta Debtors and Creditors of an estate mist he published FORTY DAYS. Notice that application will be made to the Court Ordinary for leave to sell land must be pub -isbed lor TWO MONTHS, “Notice for leave to sell negroes must he auhlishcd TIVO MONTHS before any order ab solute shall he made thereon by the Court. CITATIONS for Letters of Administration must be published thirty days; for Dismission irom Administration, monthly six months; Cos Dismission iroin G narclianship. forty dats. Rules fonhe Foreclosure oi Mortgage must he .published monthly for four months, lor pub tishng lost papers, for the full space ot thref, months; for compelling titles from Lxccutors, w Jministrators, wheiaa bond has bcin givu.fq a he deceased, for ihe spate of three months. —pa———— Western & Atlantic Bail Road. Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 12, 1554. Sir;—The earning of this road for the year which expired on the 30th ult. are From freights, $395,956 31 ** Passengers, 169,335 10 “ Mail, 13,983 20 “ Sales of Materials, 11,8S0 17 Amounting to 591,154 78 The expenses of woiking and maintain’ ing the Road for same period, are $259,455 54 Less various credits, 6,423 76-253,031 78 Net earnings (42 S-10 per cent of Receipts) $338,123 The amount paid for machinery, cats and construction, is $324,542 34 Less credit 37,10-324,505 24 An exhibit in details, showing the ob ject of these expenditures, classed under appropriate heads, will be found in table A. The gross earnings year ending Sept. 30, 1553 $478,876 06 “ “ 1554, 591,154 78 Increased earnings, 112,278 72 The expenditures for the year endhig Sept. 30, 1853, $70’,177 05 “ “ “ 1854, 577,537 02 Decreased expenditures, 123,640 03 Aggregating the excess of earnings with the decreased expenditures, and it will appear that the business of the year just closed has resulted in an increased pro lit of $235,913 75 over the preceding year. • From this revenue the treasurer has paid the sum of $205,651, on account of liabi lities incurred prior to January 1, 1854; he has also paid all the expenses of the Road, leaving it without any floating debt, and he has returned to the treasury of the State the sum of $50,000, from the surplus left in his hands after dischar ging allcorrecl liabilities. It is not proposed to offer more than this very concise view of our financial operations at this time, postponing an ex tended statement to the Legislative year as a more appropriate time for such an exhibition. The road bed and superstructure have been maintained in the same excellent con dition as delivered by our predecessors, tbe embaukmeuts and culverts are all completed aud the load is now in safe running order. It was intended to have made some progress during the past year towards relaying the right track west of Qosta nauley Kiver, au improvement very desi rable, but not as yet so absolutely indis peusible as to force us into the iron mar ket regardless of the cost of rails. Ma ny circumstances seem to portend a de cline in the present exorbitant price of iron, aud advantage will be taken ‘of the iirst favorable turn to make the necessary purchases. One locomotive engine, and 132 freight and 17 gravel cars have been added to the equipment since the last report, and the rolling stock consists of 31 -Locomo lives, 11 Passenger cars, 5 Baggage Cars, 193 Box Freight Cars, 52 Platform Freight Cars, 22 Stock Cars, 2 Coop Cars, 17 Gravel Cars, 25 Hand Cars. Orders are out for one passenger and one freight engine to be delivered in Jan uary next. ‘1 he condition, performance, &c of motive power, will fully appear in tho Table of Lo<&i*otives attached. The Georgia Penitentiary continues to supply freight ears a& rapidly as they are needed, at prices conforming to the usa ges of other car facories. It will require 12G freight cars to make np the necessa ry compliment, all of which may be ma nufactured in the Penitentiary. It will be observed that the increase bf gross income has fully sustained the esti mate of my predecessor, Mr. Yonnge,who set down SIOO,OOO as the probable an nual increase up to the year 1859. It is, however, quite improbable that this ratio of increase will be realized during the fis cal year just commenced. The extraordi nary heat of the past summer has so de? solated the country penetrated and tribu tary to our western connections, that they will scarcely increase; even if they mam tain their tonnage of last year. On this account it will not be safe to predict an estimate of next year’s business upon the receipt of additional revenue from the transportation of grain, whiskey, hogs, bacon, lard, pork, horses, mules, uucl oth er articles of western production. The intense and continued heat which has laid waste the fertile vallies of the West, has also exercised a destructive agency upon the revenues derived from upward bound freights. In the seaports of Savannah aud Charleston, it has engendered a pesti -1 lence which has well nigh disorganized the machinery of trade. Favorable ncgocia tious had been effected, by which the Sou thern lines of Railroad were to acquire their legitimate carrying trade heretofore monopolized by northern and western channels of transportation. Business was opening aupiciously, a few cargoes had arrived aud gone forward promptly, and onr western customers had reason to be pleased with the expedition and economy of their new route, but the appearance of yellow fever so seriously interrupted the dispatch of business, aud so discouraged shipments to those ports, that in the month of September alone, theie is a deficiency of $6,000 in the item of upward freights, compared with those of September, 1853. It is hoped and expected, however, that this is rather a postponement than a loss, and that the restoration of health iu our seaports will re-establish the current of trade. But little progress has been made in the progress of subs either for or ugainst the road in Georgia and Tennessee. Most of the claims upon which they are founded, ate of long standing, but there is nothing to report at all decisive. A heavy judge ment was obtained against the South Ca rolina Rail Iload Company, as the deli vering party for the line of \'oads between Chattanooga and Charleston, for damaged and lost cotton in ISSO and 1852. The claims were defended without success, and judgment was affirmed by the high Court of Appeals for about $75,000 principal and interest. The whole araouut of this judgment was cashed by the South Caro lina Company, and they appealed to the Georgia and State Roads to assume at least a porlio i of the burthen. Under your advice an agreement was made by which this road assumed the payment of $25,000 as the Slate’s portion of the loss. It was pil'd in 7 per cent, semi-annual Cou pon Bonds, due tun years after date. The dates of these claims are as fol- lews: 1850, $20,000 principal, $5,000 interest, $25,000 1852, $46,000 principal, $4,000 interest, 50,000 $75,000 These figures are only approximations; about 7,000 of the claims dated in are for lost cottons, all of the balance ( 68,000) is the judgment of the Court for actual damage done to the Cotton by these Roads, during its transportation fiom Chat tanooga and Rome to Charleston. While we were convinced of the utter falsity and imposs.bility of such an allegation and of our ability to make good our defence, up on litigation here, for at least a greater part of it, still it was not deemed equita ble nor consonant with that spirit of har mony which should prevail with co-opera ting Rail Road Companies, to suffer one to bear'the burden alone, because it is lo cated where extortioners are seconded by the Courts of Justice in their assults upon 1 the w r ell earned revenues of Rail Road corporations. In comparing the management of Com pany with State Roads, the superior effi ciency of the former, as measured by the pecuniary result, is so striking, that we are led. to inquire into the cause of the disparity, in order, if possible, to impart to the latter such invigorating qualities as may be deficient. The difference will be found embraced in one golden rule. No measure is undertaken on a company road, no policy adopted, without previous appli cation of one Procrustean rule of pecuni ary interest. Will it pay ? is the perti- j neut question which must have an affirma- j tive solution before a contemplated mca-| sure can enter into an established policy, j The appointment of its officers, the hours ‘ for starting and arriving, the places for j delaying trains, the location of its depots, the rates of fare and of freight, the deci sion of all debated questions, is derived f.om the observance of this one utilitarian standard of policy; and where interest is found to be subservient, the wav is direct and the course energetic to the end which leads to pecuniary advantage; while that policy wh eh promises no profit, or threat ens loss, is rejected if proposed, or prompt ly abandoned it unadvisedly begun ; and there is the end of the matter : cavillers may complain as they will, but no man assumes the authority to gainsay the de cision; there is one tribunal of appeal, and tshe company follows its chosen course, profit and prosperity ensue, the stock holders pocket their heavy dividends, and the public applauds a management which pays so well. Many causes conspire to interfere with the introduction of this principle in the government of the State Rail Road. A variety of collateral considerations are constantly pressing upon an officer of the State, threatening to turn him from the path of duty as indicated by the sa ! utary. rule so effective iu company management But the Superintendent of the State Road must remember that he too, has stock holders to respond to, one. million in unm ber, with five millions of capital invested, who have been so long without dividends that they are losing confidence in the va lue of their property. He must not fal ter. The Superintendent who pauses in the execution of his sworn duty, to csti mate the effect of some essential measure of reform, upon persone of influence or merely local interests, makes but an un grateful return to the State who has con fided to him her high trust, and involves himself in a labyrinth of embarrassments, from which he will fiud it difficult to es cape with honor. If his actions are to be trammelled or warped by the intrusion of external interests, haviug other purposes to subserve than the prosperity of the Road, jf he permits discipline to be lost and justice to be ignored, by failing to sustain a meritorious officer, or by ueg lectiug to impose a penalty upon a delin quent, he forfeits all power for good, and he will consult his reputation by retiriug from his post before failure and disaster drive him from it with disgrace. GRIFFIN, (GA.) THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 2, 1854- I have great pleasure, Governor, in thus publicly acknowledging the kind aud considerate manner in which you have ex ercised such functions as required our con current action, and the great benefits de rived from your advice and co-operation. I must also, before closing this report, bear testimony* to the zeal and fidelity which the officers of the Road display in tho performance of their respective duties, of which it is hoped the Slate will recog’ nize the result, in the promptness, regula rity and economy with which business has been dispatched Respectfully submitted. JAMES F. COOPER, Superintendent. His Excellency: H. Y. JOHNSON. , Governor of Georgia. Correspondence of the N. O, True Delta. Later from Havana. Havana, Oct. 15, 1854. On the 12th inst. at 5 o’clock, p. m. Gen. Pezuela, with his family and military suite, went on board of the Spanish war steamer “Colon,” which got under way immediately afterwards, leaving the port as the signals were falling from the staff of the Moro Castle. ‘There has been no so cial interchanges between Pezuela and Gen. Concha since the 21st inst. in excuse for which the relieved dignitary plead ill health instead of indisposition. The embarkation was made very quiet ly, iu the presence of a very select parly of friends, and the usual gathering of the curious and idle loiterers of the mole.— Nothing disrespectful was attempted, and death-like silence prevailed until the boats pushed off from the navy yard, when a slight murmur was heard, as of persons weary of holding their breath, but whe ther of favor or of aversion, no one cared to know—at least 1 did not. At half past 6 o’clock—before the “Colon” was out of sight of the Moro—we had the enactment of a tragedy, which had been long threa tened. The person who apprehended Gen. Lopez, Jose Antonio Santos Casta nedy, was assassinated while playing a game of billiards at the Coffee House Mar tery Belona, opposite west, of the south west corner of tho “Campo Mars.” Al though the murder was committed iu the presence of three hundred persons within and in the portals of the room, by the discharge of a pistol, no one saw the com mission of the act, or could recognize the person who did it. The balls took effect in the back of the head, entering the low er part of the brain near the spinal umion at the moment that the victim was lean ing over the table to reach a ball with his cue, and he fell npou the floor dead.. Castaneda had come to the city on ac count of the return of Gen. Concha, think ing possibly to be benefitted, although he has a pension from the Government of Ma drid. He had been warned not to come to Havana, and had been advised to leave, as he would certainly be killed if he re mained iu Cuba, unless he kept himself se cluded in the country. His death takes no one by surprise, and finds none to regret, although every ef fort is being made to ascertain the person who caused it. On the 13th, at sin the afternoon, the remains were removed to the grave yard under guard of a detach ment of soldiers, several police officers and civil guards, and followed by an exci ted multitude, uttering all sorts of invec tives and exclamations of which the lan guage is susceptible, and throwing bot tles, rocks, &c. at the hearse,with groans, hisses and yells. In an attempt to pre serve order, and decent respect for the ceremony, one of the police officials open ed the head of some persou in the crowd near him with a heavy cane that he wore, when he was immediately assailed by those in the vicinity, and severely stabbed, and two of the civil guard in attendance upou him, were wounded. It is thought that the wounded commissary may recover.— Thus begins an excitement, with violence, that may so extend as to disturb the pub lic tranquility throughout the Island; al though wo are now iu a perfectly quiet state, and as far as Havana is concerned, wc shall probably remain so. As I write, I hear reports that two members of the Civil Guard are dead that were wounded at the funeral of Ca.stane do; but I do not believe the report, and I can get no confirmation from the officials of the government. I should not be sur prised if all the political features of this case have been derived from second thought, after the killing wus done, as I have had intimation that the death was caused by a person who had been gam bling with Castauedo in the country, and won two hundred ouuees from him, which he avoided payment of by reporting the gamblers to the police, having them ar rested and seizing the loose change with wh'ich the game was banked. The Diario de la Mariuo ascribes the death of Castauedo to political canse, and in a style not very prndent for the conser vation of harmony; and such seems to be the sentiment of the moment, and may be so used under forced construction of par lies who desire to widen the breach be tween Creole and Spaniard Night of the 13th, in front of the pa lace, a sereunade was given to Gen Con cha by the coldred population of Havana —a band of one hundred instruments— and a hymn of welcome, by an equal num ber of voices. I thougnt there was more no'se than music, and the sentiment of the song I could not catch iu the exterior mur muring of an immense crowd that filled the public square and streets around the palace, which was not very orderly. Gen. Concha iu advancing at even pace, with his plans for better organization of the Government, apparently to the satis faction of every one, and the recent mur der, will not be even a “nine day’s won der,” whether private malace and revenge or politics be the cause. The health of Havana remains good— our reports from all parts of the iuterior are favorable as to health, peace and pro ducts of the planter, and tfie weather is becoming more propitious. Remaining yours , Y ebdad. The steamer Princess, with a ctjrgo of 3030 bales of cotton, was burnt near Nat chez on the 9th inst. It is supposed the cargo will be a total loss. Several persons on board perished, including two ladles. For the Jeffersonian. Tlic LtcMayor’s Election. Major Cline, Sir: —Among Christian politicians, there should bo no acts of pious fraud, no secret conclaves to promote measures, re ligions, moral cr political. The Devil’s religion is sly, sneaking, cunning and cowardly, jejune, sleazv aud involuted. — Christ’s religion is bold, brave and open. Any thing different from this character in the action of its followers and friends is derogatory, and works, in effect, a bad example, and exerts a deleterious influ ence. Principles canrtot die, are always effective. Actions and actors, if they be good and houo able, do nothing more than reflect add tional tints of beauty on what, in themselves, arc immortal, the principles of true%overuraent and uudefiled religion. If democratic principles are worth any thing, they should, be advocated, main tained and carried out faithfully in small, as well as in great measures. This was gloriously exemplified and done by our Revolutionary Fathers, and in 1850 aud 1851, by that Spartan Band, the State Rights Party, though in a large miuority. But for these, we would never have had a place among nations, and the Southern States would have been swept over by the conflagration of abolitiouism. There were no secret leagues with those patriots.— There was open and determined union of hearts, hands and means, and fortitude to sustain them iu defiance of obloquy and oppositien in high places. Nothing is worthy of a sacrifice but truth, principle and patriotism We owe our National Independence to, and can preserve it only by, a strict observance of this maxim, “Our God, onr country, onr rights.” A different policy is nothing but leather or prunella. Let each party shinny on i<s own side, and play the game fairly and openly, like brave and honest men, and knights in a fair field aud equal sun light Whichever side is entitled to victory, let the other yield it magnanimously. But let there be no tricks on travellers, no kuights unwilling to raise their helmets and drop their visors, no mine laid to “blow up open combatants. This is against the rules aud articles of war, and the laws of nations. But what is most important of all, let not fellow t citizens fall out and in dulge in heart bprnings about the most proper mode of sj fitting a hair, or who shall dwell on the north or south side of it. ‘-L l l dey-s !light to hark and bite, Fo God bus mauc them so; Lei boo -s and boos g owi an<J fight, |i is f heir nii'ui e too; Dm lb h cii Iu en, you should never let your ang>v p.’S'-ons ‘ose. Your bonds wee never made to gouge each e lie-.’j eve-.” Death of the Catholic Priest who was Tarred and Feathered. The Telegraph’ has just announced the death of the Rev. John Bapst, the Ger man Catholic Prie3t, who was tarred and feathered aud ridden on a rail in Ellsworth, on Saturday night last, while on a visit to that place. A late number of the Ban gor Mercury coutains a full account of the outrage, which is subjoined: Mr. Bapst was staying with one of his people at Ellsworth by the name of Kent, whose house is near the Catholic chapel. Mr. Kent’s house, about niue o’clock on Saturday evening, wa3 surrounded by a large crowd, of whom some twenty or thirty, mostly young men, entered the house. They searched from top to bot tom for Mr. Bapst, who had retired to the cellar to keep out of the way. r l’here they found him, bore him out of doors, ran him down ih<s street, and having got some dis tance from the house, stripped him of all his clothing except his pantaloons, and in that condition put him astride of a fence’ rail, and carried him upon it some three or four rods, when the rail broke. About this time, they began to debate what further indignities to inflict, most be ing in favor of throwing him into the ditch and leaving him, when a light was seen coming up the street. Some said this was the approach of persons who had provided tar and feathers. The gang broke up into small knots. The fight approached, and it proved to be the sheriff of the Jiri unty, with some assistants, though w:o Jo not learn that they were recognized by the victim at the time. Iu one of these knots of persons he was placed, and his gar ments thrown over his shoulders, and thus not recognizing the sheriff<mfd his party, he was not recognized by them. The lat ter, supposing that Mr. Bapst had been murdered by the gang, proceeded further along the street to find his body, if haply life was remaining in it. It was raining violently at the time, and very dark. The ruffians, as soon as they were rid of the sheriff, came together again, proceed ed down the Mt. Desert road to a ship yard Here they took the pantaloons al so from Mr. Bapst’s person, rendering him entirely naked. Before taking off his pantaloons, they lifted him among them, and he perceived one thrusting his hand in his pocket aud laying hold of his wallet, in which was something more than fifty dollars. He besought that one not to add robbery to his other.violence; but the per sou took his wallet; nor has Mr. Bapst seen it since. Ijtis watch was taken from him at the time they first stripped him.— < Then they proceeded to smear him with tar from head to foot, aud afterwards cov ered him with feathe s—noUwitliout, how ever, iii the meantime, making some per sonal disgusting assaults, aud using vari ous degress of foul language. It is but justice to say that some of the young men were in liquor at the time. The outrage is justly denounced by the whole press of that region, and the opin ion is strougTy expressed that the author ities should leave uo stone unturned to bring the murderers to condign punish ment. The OeruAGE ox Mr. Bapst.— We learn with pleasure that the report which announced tho deatlr of Mr. Bapst, the Catholic priest, in consequence of the out rages committed upon his person, at Ells worth, Maine, was incorrect, and that the reverend gentlemau has entirely recover ed; and though this correction relieves the disgrace!ul transaction from the d ; rect murder of its victim, it in no degree makes it less attrocious and brutal. However unpopular oreven erroneous Mr. Bapst’s o pinions on school matters might have been, he had the fullest right to entertain and express them, and those who cannot re cognize this right of free speech and free op nion in others, arc themselves unwor thy to enjoy its benefits. The sight of a clergyman dragged from his house, strip ped of lfis clothing, amidst the foulest and most irritating insults, and marched nearly naked through the streets, and fi nally tarred and feathered, is an act dis graceful both to our country and the age, and must give to the locality in which it occurred a notoriety as infamous as unde sirable. The Bangor Journal gives some infoi*’ tion, from which it appears that further violence was threatened against Mr Bapst. Mr. Bapst was ou Sunday evening fur ther threatened with death if he did not leave town. The Irish population, in censed and exasperated, assembled togeth er armed themselves with hatchets, pitch forks, *and such weapons as they could command, took Mr. Bapst into their cus tody, and were determined to protect him to the death. Upon this, Mr. Jarvis, one of the most worthy citizens of the town, obtained permission of Mr. Bapst’s friends to take him to his ow n house,guaranteeing him protection.— J3aliimore American. F om the Home Jou-nal. A Lctic: from London. We trust that the following letter from a literary friend abroad, received by the last packet, gives an exaggerated account of the stale of health in the great Me tropolis. As it comes, however, from a man of veracity, we give it place, con fessing that it appears more than proba bie tho autlutn cak of a severe visi tation of Asiatic cholera, .with that slight variety in ils symptoms which is not un frequently observed, may have given rise to an impression on ihrf part of ihose who weie scouiged with it, that the plague, which bad been buiied for the best part of iwo centuries, was again decimating them. We unhesitatingly express our opinion of the improbability of this report being confirmed: “1 am at present running away from London, and what is more, although not much given to bight, I am running away because I am literally scared out of if.— Ihe fact ‘s, although I presume, from ihecar.efu! manner in which the details of it ate suppressed here, you will at pre sent hear but little of it, that the “plague,” or something very much like it, has com menced in Louden. You will open your eyes as 1 say this, and possibly doubt my saniiv; nevertheless, let me assure you, that I am saying nothing which is not strictly true. “One hundred and fifty years since, more or less, the infection of the plague was brought to this city from Alexandria, in a chest of clo hes. Half of Loudon peiLbed with this fearful contagion The bodies were canied out and buried iu deep pits in those fields which now lie under A-gy e street and its immediate neighborhood. Tnis plague, it is said, has now been turned up by the spade, and has begun to ravage London. Im possible as Ibis may seem, the surgeons and physicians say positively that Lon don is not suffering much from the chole ra; that it is a contagious disease which has broken out n this neighborhood, and that it is rapidly spreading. “It would appear that in cutting a server through Argyle street, it was car ried rather deeper than ordinary, and lhai bones of the old victims of this fear ful disease weie turned up by the work men, many of whom were taken ill and died suddenly. Children, also, who had come and piayed with these bones, sick ened and perished! Moreover, it was noticed that those who came in contact with either the woikmen or children, sickened and died, in most cases within a few hours. The disease increased Clever physicians said that it was deci dedly not the ct olera. The disease now spread rapidly, and in a week from the time at which” it broke out, it had com pletely ravaged the street£,iu Soho and its immediate vicinity; at the present moment, Poland street, Argyle street, and others, are closed against all passes- Half the shops in Recent street aye shut yip. The remainder are rapidly closing At t-tfo o’clock in the day scarcely a dozen per sons be met with in that great tho roughfare. M those streets which the disease is most speedily depopulating, the dead bodies are placed 5 in the open air, immediately that life has departed Irom them, so great is the fear of conta gion. I have seen in two instances, half a dozen bodies being carried ofl in black sacks, like bales of goods, for burial,— You will easily judge how great a fright this has created, livery one who is able to do so, has fled. London, generally at this time just emptying, is now half de* populated. Three days since William Vincent Wallace ran awav. He is i.ot a man easily frightened, Ask him, and he will corroborate what J have told you, as he must now be iu New York, bu siness is at a complete stand still. No thing is doing. Amusements for the lime be tig have completely closed. “Physicians say that this is undoubt edly the plague. The symptoms occa sionally vary from those which are report ed to have accompanied it when it, in the reign of Cbailes 11., swept off one half of London. No medical means have as yet availed to stop it. It is propagated by contagion, and is singularly speedy in its effects, sui passing even the speed with which the cholera, on its first appearance, slew its victims. Never, indeed, in the worst period of the first visitation of that disease, did Loudon look so dreary as it now does.” * * * * “I am now going to Germany, whence you may probablv have another letter fiom me.” * * * ‘‘Some lime since,The English were talk ing ot the necessity of bombarding Dant zic. They are now silent touchiug everything except that which they call, and which most undoubtedly is, the plague.” A young lady speaking of whiskers and mustaches said: “Them are things against which 1 always set my face” From the New York Express. The Signal Gun. Amidst all the terrible incidents attend ant upon the destruction of the Arctic, which we have been receiving these two days past, there is one that impresses us with a feeling of awe and admiration, and shows all the world that the age of heroes is noi yet altogether gone by. VVe refer to the young man, whose post of duty throughout all that trying scene was the firing off a signal gun, at intervals, in the hope ofatfracting the attention of vessels from a distance to the scene of disaster.— VNluleall around were death and despair, iu bold rcliefthere he stood, (like Hope herself,) with the calm determination of a true hero, discharging gun after gun, un til the gallant ship went down beneath the waves. Here was a courage and a manliness -a defiance of death and an ad hesion to duty—we might walk over the most famous battle-fields in history to look for and not to find. The soldier who braves the King of Terrors at the can non’s mouth, is animated by a species of courage improvised for the occasion, by the “pomp and circumstance” around him. ) here can be properly no cowards when men arc drawn up in battle array, with drums beating, colors flying, and thoughts of reward and promotion flitting through the brain if’a victory is won. Dastards dare anytbiug under such stimulants. But the bravery of the battle field is not the bravery which was shown by tlie hero of the wreck. The former is a species of un natural courage—it is of an animal nature; but the latter was moral courage of the highest and noblest kind. With his light ed match he seemed to stand, ou the quar terdeck of that devoted ship, hurling de fiance, as it were, in the very jaws of death itself. Others were desperately struggling for life; he alone seemed to have resolved to demonstrate how a man may die at his post of duty, without dread or fear, in the midst of horrors that would make most men cowards. Awfully im pressive, indeed—terribly melo-dramatic was the last scene of all,in w hich our hero shone forth, wringing exclamations of admiration even from lips that are buffet ing the hungering waters, then murmur ing for their prey. Stewart Holland (for that was his name) “could not be induced to leave the ship: his post was at the gun, from first to last, firing‘signals; he kept firing that gun at intervals till the ship went down, We saw him in the verg act of firing as the vessel disappeared among the water s.” Perilous Mountain Ascent. It has long been known that some of the peaks of mountain ranges in Oregon are of great height. Our California ex changes biingus very interesting accounts of the ascent of the lofiiest of these, call ed Mount Hood, which has now been as certained, by actual measurement, to be full 18,361 feet in height. This is the heighest peak on the American continent, and oue of the highest in the whole world. The parly which male the as cent was composed of a Mr. Dyer and Capt. Travaillet, who left Portland on the 14th of August for the purpose, but weie afterwards joined by Mr. Lake, Capt. Bm low, Judge Olney, and others. After getting above the snow line it was discovered by means of a telescope that the mountain is volcanic, smoke being seen to issue from the summit. On the Sth the ascent of the upper mountain commenced on the southeast by east side. After ascending several thousand feet of ever continuous snow fields at an angle ol almost fifty degrees, three of the par iy (Major Hallam, Capt. Tiavaillet, and Judge Olney) gave out, and had to stop in consequence of dizziness caused by the rarified atmosphere. From thence up ward the angle was more steep, until it reached 70 1-2 degrees, an Indian being the guide and ibe road lying along a ledge of rocks perpendicular with the mounta n. At 2 1-2 o’clock P. M. on the Sth the summit was attained, and was found to be extremely narrow and crescent shaped. From ibis peak mountain tops five hun* died miles distant were distinctly seen.— Ihe peak of Mount Hood is thus de scribed by the account before us: We found the top similar to that ol Mount Helen’s—extremely narrow, lay ing in a crescent shape; Mount St. Helen’s facing the northwest by a crescehl, while Mount Hood faces the southwest. The sharp ridge oo'top runs'from the south west to Ine horlh, making a sharp turn to the west at the north end. The main tidge is formed of decomposed volcanic substances of a light rediish color, with cones from twenty to fifty feet high at in tervals of a few rods. The cones or rocks are full of cracks or fissures, as if they had been rent by some convulsion of Nature at a remote peiiod. Between these cones there are numerous holes, varying from the size of a common water bucket down to two or three inches in diameier. Through these breathing holes (as we call them) and through the crevices in the rocks there is constantly escaping hot smoke or gas of a strong sulphuric color. In passiug ovei the ridge for near half a mile we discov ered these breathing holes; through some the heat was more intense than in others. We did not carry up a thermometer; therefore we could not get the exact de gree of llie heat; but from holding our hand over several of them we have no donbt that the thermometer would have shown “boiling heat” in some of them. Fate of Sir John Franklin’s Exp.}, dltion Decided. Montreal, October 21 The Mon treal Ilerald of this morning states, that yesterday they dispatched a special mes senger to the Hudson Bay Company’s house, at Lachioe, and that) through the kindness of the Governor, Sir George Simpson, they are enabled to lay before their readers the following outlines of a dispatch received by him yesterday from Dr. Mcßae: Dr. Mcßae has been absent on the coast since the fiist of June, 1553, and returned to York Factory on the 28:h ol August last, from whence he forwarded letters by express to Sir George Simpson, via the Red River Settlement. Aft er briefly noticing the result of his own expedition, he proceeds to state, than from the Esquimaux he bad obtained certain information of the fate of those connected with the Franklin Expedition, who starved to death, af er the loss of ♦ heir ships, which were crushed in the ice while making their way south to the Gre. t Fish river, neartho outlet ofwhich a parly of whites had died, leaving ac counts of their sufferings in mutilated corpses of some, which evidently, front their appeaiance, furnished- food to their companions. This infounation, although not derived fro in the E,qu imaux, who communicated w'ith the whites, and who found the re mains, but from another band who ob tained the details viva voce , may. be re lied on. There is no doubt of the truth of the report, as the natives had in their pos session various articles of European manufacture w hich had once been in the possession of the whites; among these ailicles wereseveia! silver spoons, forks. &.C., on oie of which was engraved Sir John Franklin, K. C. B , while others have on them crests, and initials t > ident ifv the owners as having belonged to the ill-fated expedition. The drawings of some of them have been sent down. This feaiful tragedy rr.ust have occur red in the spring of 1553. Terrible Cilatilily. We have been permitted to make the following extract from a private letter of a gentleman to a friend in this city; Marion, Ala. Oct. 16th, 1854. “I am sorry to inform you, in this con nection, of a very sad occurrence which took place here on last (Saturday) night, about 12 o’clock—that is, the burning down of “Howard College.” There were sleeping at the time, in the third and fourth stories of the building, about 26 or 23young men and two negro men; all of whom were required to jump fro it ihe windows, a distance of from 30 to 40 feet to the ground below. And, horrible to tell, 22 of the number were inangled in a frightful manner, some more and some Jess. I have just come in from a visit to them with my very heart sick.—- Some cf the boys are burned very badly, in addition to other injuries. Our town is in mourning, and looks gloomy enough. I learned, a few moments since, that one of the black men was dead; he rushed down through the flames to the door.— Two or three of the boys are expected to die—the rest will probably recover. —> There is, however, no knowing exactly the extent of their injuries. I trust all things are better than we now think.—■ The College building, with everything in it, is in ruin. Nothing was saved,, as 1 understand. Ii is supposed now that the building was set on fire, though I cannot at present, believe it. Such a fiendish act could ’maicely be perpetrated by any one in this community. The truth will be known a few days, 1 suppise.” A postscript says another bad died.— Chronicle <§• Sentinel. AmctriOa.it Bonaparte* It would seem from the letter of the New York correspondent of the Charles ton Courier that we are in a fair way to lose our Ameiican Bonaparte.-:. Among the passengers who arrived by the Africa yesteiday afternoon, were two persons fiom Paris, whose names are in timately associated with two of the great est celebrities of France. They were’ Jerome Bonaparte and Felix Raphael.— The former, who is a wealthy resident of Baliimore, and son of Piince Jerome Bo naparte, by Miss Elizabeth Patterson, returns from Europe, having placed his son iu the Fiench army. The young Bonaparte has taken the sime grade there as held here, having been made a lieutenant in the Seventh Dragoons He is at present stationed at St. Cloud, and after a little more preparation, will be turned out a genuine French officer, ready for active service. The Emperor of the French has taken a gieat fancy to the American Bonaparte’s, and having made not only an officer, but a Frenchman of the young Baltimore Bonaparte, he has also succeeded in per suading the father to give up his estate and home in this country, and remove with most of his family to France. My informant slates that a princely title awaits Jerome Bonaparte, the republican, and that its glittering piomise has had not a little to do in convincing him of the policy of becoming a Frenchman and a nobleman. No provision, nor titular houors are in reserve for his mother, Miss Elizabeth Patterson,-so she will remain in Baltimore Her illegally divorced husband, Prince Jerome, has another wife, who would prefer to have number one remain oe this side the water. The Bonaparte’s are only mortal after all, and as easily dazzled by the pomp and promi ses of Cou. ts as any of us. Not Bad. —The Piscataquia (Maine) Observer is responsible for tUe following: A gentleman called at a hut iu the Aroostook valley, and requested some dinner. The lady, her spouse being ab sent, refused to supply his necessities tor money or the love of humanity “Very well,” said the hungry traveller, as he turned his footsteps from the inhos pitable abode, “you will want nothiug to eat tomorrow.” “Why no!;” iuquired the woman. “Bacanse,” answered the weary man, “the Indians aie- digging a tunnel at Moosehead Like, and they are going to turn all the waters of the lake luto the valley, uud you and all the rest ak the people are to be drowned.” Upon this intelligence, the old lady hurried off to the priest to iuform him that a flood was to overflow the valley, and to ask what was to be done in the sad emergency. The priest endeavored to quiet her fears by telling her thatGod.had promised that he should never send another flood upon the earth. “But,” exclaimed the affrighted wo-, mao, “it isn’t God that’s going to do it; it’s the cussed Indians. In the statistical tables just issued, it is stated that “tall men live laager than short oucs.” No, 44