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: F.F.NSBORO < SEOIIG IA
The Yalne of Green Manures.
Farmers have an exceedingly inade
quate idea of the valne of green ma
nures. One who will sow liis seed and
wait patiently for the crop will be too
imp itieift to grow a crop of rye or com
or clover to be plowed under to enrich
the soil, and return its rich harvest
another year. Another will spend hun
dreds of dollars for purchased manure
or fertiliz rs, but will not spend tens in
growing a crop to plow into the soil for
the same purpose. And there are
farmers who have determined to plow
under a clover sod and have top-dressed
in the full or winter with this intention,
but who have lost heart when they have
seen a luxuriant growth on the ground,
which seemed to be “a waste of good
fodder,” ns they have said, mid so they
have waited and have either pastured it
or mowed it off and robbed the soil of
food which it sorely needed. This
wo? Id seem quite different if farmers
wr ■! think of their soil as something to
le fed and supjiorted to enable it to
yie i its produce, as much as n cow that
yields milk or a sheep that yields wool
there are some close analogies lietween
on holds and onr animals. Ai animal
has machine—if we like to cal' it so-Ay:
W. h we make salable prodJSb, bom
* Tf " 'Xn'i for
I'/. t i*in of Die so long as it is fed ; hut
it is really inexhaustible iu fact, lie
canl - before its useful life endH, it re
produces itself several times and simply
bee;>: es a link in a chain which we may
- i.uv out indefinitely without reaching
the end of it. So that in this view of it
even an animal is nnexlianstiblo so long
ns it is fed. And so is the soil and no
more and no longer, and, indeed, if it is
not fed, a field will he mere dead useless
matter as a starved cow or sheep will
be. The farmer must think of Ids land
in this way or he gets a wrong idea of
it. fie must not neglect to study up
tlie science of feeding his fields ns he
read :p that of feeding his livestock.
He : i t become acquainted with feed
ing ; i' sand rations and kinds of food
for t land as well ns for animals and
mu ’ pitiviile them liberally. And as
clov' i is accounted an excellent food for
stool nitis an excellent food for laud.
But. t the same time, as there are other
fodtb is which can he used along with
clover, or as a substitute when helped
out by more stimulating food, so there
are other crops besides clover which
may be made to serve as food for the
soil. Indeed, the soil is not very exact
ing in this respect, although it will
never give something for nothing, and
always returns freely in exact proportion
to what it receives and no more ; bnt it
is omnivorous and has an exceedingly
strong digestion. So that the farmer
cannot go astray if lie will always pro
vide something for it. It may be weeds
and no more, but it is better if it is a
orop of buckwheat, and better Btill if it
is rye or corn or even turnips or rape,
but best of all if wo cau give it rich
clover which goes down deeply and
draws food from the snbsoil mid opens
its broad leaves to the mr and gathers
bom that source too, as well as others
which other plants cannot reach, and so
gives to the farmer a hundred-fold in re
turn for the seed and labor he lias ex
pended. There are other ways of
manuring the soil, lmt among them
plowing in of green crops has no supe
rior.
HnUronds up Mountain?.
America is the scene of many notable
railway enterprises. We have such a
diversity of surface that great engineer
ing difficulties have to be overcome
which are not thought of in other coun
tries. One of the most difficult feats is
to get to the top of a mountain in a
steam-cur. This has been accomplished
frequently, however, and by different
devices. At Mount Washington the
railway climbs the uprise, advancing
forward like a cat climbing a tree. The
iro clamps or claws are advanced and
the train of cars are pulled tip hy main
force. It is a novel sensation to ascend
Mount Washington, while the descent
seems still more perilous. At Central
City, Col., a different method obtains.
The ears move forward, then backward,
bnt each change switches them off to a
higher elevation. After plying to and
fro like a bobbin in a weaver’s loom, the
cars nt length reach the top of the
mountain. It is now proposed to build
a railroad to the top of Tike’s Peak, the
summit of which is 11,000 feet above
the sea level—that is, 8,000 feet higher
than Mount Washington. Iu this case
the road will run around the mountain,
in a sort of spiral path, until it reaches
tho top. The entire distance from the
base to the summit will probably be
forty miles. When completed, this
road will be one of the wonders of the
country, for the traveler in ascending
Pike's Peak will meet nt every mile a
new scene, the one more picturesque
than the other. The first twelve miles
will be of surpassing beauty. Camping
grounds will be located nt various
points, where people can live in tents,
enjoying the pure air and weird grand
eur of the Rocky Mountains, while in
constant receipt by railway of all the
necessities and some of the luxuries ob
tained in large cities. Another moun
tain railway will be up the Catskills,
which will carry travelers to some of
tlie grandest and most picturesque scen
ery iu the world. An ingenious dreamer
predicts the construction of a railway
extending from Alaska to Patagonia and
riiuuiiig on the top of the mountain
ranges of North and South America.
V ' to dare say that even this wild scheme
may not some day be realized ?—Demo
ns' s Monthly
The Market Overstocked.
The Rev. S. B. Halliday, iu a letter
to the New York 7Vi6wne,*says : Both
New York and Brooklyn are bad places
now for any person, male or female, to
come to to find employment of any kind
whatsoever. Multitudes out of work
for weeks have already exhausted the
little store saved from their season’s
earnings, and are obliged to resort thus
early to public charity for food and fuel.
Iu this condition of things people living
away from the city are coming here in
great number’s where they are certain to
meet disappointment and suffering.
He cites a number of cases of suffering,
that have come under his attention, and
adds: If the papers throughout this
country and other countries as well will
give this warning they will help to pre
vent the disappointment and suffering
bo sure to come to those who would
resort here. Hardly any sort of service
could be called for from the commonest
labor to the highest skilled or the most
competent accountant, that could not be
duplicated a hundred fold for almost the
smallest compensation that could be
named.
NOT AN EASY LIFE.
FINDING OFF THE IRISH COAST.
Ilnuline Xllrn In l<enf H Wot lor
Ony nud no ?*le#*| lo *p**iik of.
“I don’t think,”said au old fisherman,
who once earned his living off the coasts
of Ireland, “that either herring or
mackerel fishing in these waters is as
hard or perilous an occupation as it is off
he Irish coasts. That may be because
I never tried it, but if it is so, the
American fishermen earn all the money
they get. I began the work when I was
sixteen years old, and I got more than
enough of it before I was twenty. Great
fleets of fishing boats used to sail from
all parts of the east coast, chiefly from
the neighborhood of Dublin, ami were
often out for a week or ten days. Other
boats came out at intervals and took off
onr cargoes, and before we got home
there was often a good round sum of
money awaiting each of us. I have re
ceived ns much as £2O for my share, but
generally I got less; not often more. I
remember we were a rough lot, and used
to count onr receipts by half crowns.
Thus, in speaking of £1 wo used to say
‘eight half crowns,’ and many of us
really did not know just how much a
given number of half crowns repre
sented. One thing we knew about them,
however, and that was that, no matter
how many of them there might be, they
never went far. The married men, 1
suppose, saved something, but we
youngsters usually got through our
” ,S’cs inside of a wek, and then went
off lo Ren Aft-dir* l>r fqro the Baity taste
of tho last trip was well out ot our
months. Very little whisky was con
sumed on these runs. We left all that
until wo got ashore. I don’t think,
either, that we were quite as careless n
lot as we had the reputation of being. I
know that the division of onr earnings
was not, made equally, nor did the best
man necessarily get the largest share.
The rule wns never varied. To the man
with the biggest family wont the most
half crowns. ■ There were usually seven
in a boat, and sometimes tlie boat be
longed to its crew, but more often an
owner who ‘sat at home at ease’ hired
the crew, and after deducting a certain
share of the earnings, left the rest to lie
divided among the men who had earned
it nil. T have fished both ways, and 1
always found that working for an owner
was more profitable in the long run, be
cause, you see, he made all the repairs
and supplied what provisions we wanted,
nml did everything as cheaply as it could
be done, while, when we employed our
selves, nothing was too good for either
us or tlie boat, and our cargo was mort
gaged for half it was worth before we
had caught it.
“As I said, my fishing ground lay on
he east coast, from Dublin half wav up
to Belfast, and many a winter's night I
spent with my chums watching the
great light warning us off tho Skerries
rooks, and knowing that wo were draw
ing nearer and nearer to them, and that
if morning dawned before we ran pnst
tli< in, or the wind changed, we should
never sec it. Our bonts were half-decked
.things, not fast, lmt fit-to float in any
sea. They liardly afforded any shelter
fo the crew-, and sleep had to be taken at
no regular times, but just when a chance
offered, which wasn't often, for between
bnd weather—and the weather generally
seemed to he bad—and the necessity of
easting and hauling in our herring nets,
or trolling for mackerel between spells,
we had very little time to turn in. The
big steamers running lietween Dublin
and Belfast used to play the mischief
with onr nets. They did not do ro pur
posely, and in the daytime, when they
could sue them—and they were weN
lined ouj? with tho corks—they would go
a little out of their course to avoid them;
but ef night they would plow through a
net that cost £l5O, let loose a shoal of
herrings, and steam nlong without a
thought of having done any mischief.
Our rule was to stay out until we were
too tired to stay any longer. Then with
our last cargo we would run for Dublin,
maybe to find that, tho market wns so
overstocked with herrings that they were
soiling for twopence a dozen; or, per
haps, though this didn't often happen,
wore boiug used for manure. In sum
mer the cruise was, of course, the most
comfortable; but, summer or winter, wo
never had n dry stitch on us from the
time we sailed from Howth or Dublin
until we stopped ashore again.
“The herrings always paid better than
the mackerel, though the latter brought
the most money in the market. But we
did not get nearly as many of them. You
see, we had to troll for them, using a
line with a dozen hooks baited with bits
of red leather or pipe shanks, nud
hauled them into the boat a few at a
time, mid, though we caught them about
ns fast as we could oast onr lines and
pull them hack, it was not the same as
dragging up a net half a mile long, and
often so loaded with herrings that we
could not get them all into the boat, and
lmd to stand hy the corks until the cargo
boat visited us.
“We generally had soft bread for the
first day or two out, and then we had to
fall back on hard tack. Sometimes wo
had salt junk, bnt wo didu’t like it. We
never saw au ounce of fresh meat, for,
as the owners said, ‘What do yon want
with beef or mutton when you have a
fine wholesome diet of fish all around
you ?' So we lived chiefly on herring,
j with a second course of mackerel. We
| took turns to be cook, and always
| thought that the hardest job of all.
Once our youngest hand died. He fell
overboard from the bow, and was bat
tered by the boat as she passed him.
Then a chap in the stem sheets tried to
catch him with the boat hook, but only
made a Dig cut in his head. It was blow
ing half a gale of wind, with a very
heavy sen, and we did not get him oil
board for five or six minutes, when he
was badly used up. We did what we
could for him, which wasn’t much; but
he had not been well, and should not
have come on the trip at nil. Anyhow,
| he died that night. It would never have
done to neglect, our work, so we just
j kept that body on board for five days.
I We landed at Howth, and each man
added half his earnings of that trip to
I the lad’s share, and gave it to his mother,
i Tlie owner gave nothing. lie said he
would not deprive us of auy of the
j pleasure of doing a good action.”
The Publishers of School Rooks,
There are about twenty-five firms in
this country that make a business of pub
j linking school books. They do a business
of perhaps $8,000,000 a year. If one
fifth of tho population is'of school age
and a portion of that fifth does not at
j tend school, there cannot be more than
8,000,000 school children in the country.
The allowance of $1 a year for the books
of each scholar is a fair estimate. The
profits are not as large os is supposed, as
an expenditure of several hundred
thousand dollars is sometimes necessary
lefore there is any profit from a series
of geographies or readers.
COME WITH THE CROWD.
A Few Words of Sound Advice to the Klsiajr
(■enrrnfion.
[From the Detroit Free Press.]
See here, my boy ! The bells have
rung the old year out and the new one
iD, and anew watch has come on deck.
If you think you are going right along
in the same old grooves, while the rest
of ns are making changes, you are up a
tree. You’ve got to toe the mark along
with the remainder of the world.
Now, then ; you are beginning life.
Yon are from 16 to 21 years old. You
think you know all about it, but the fact
is you aren’t more than half-baked yet.
What you don’t know would cover all
Lake Erie, while your worldly wisdom
wouldn’t knock an owl off his perch.
Suppose yon make a resolve to begin
the year 1884 by not knowing more than
half as much as Plato, Diogenes and
other wise men. If you should conde
scend to admit that you didn’t even know
more than your own father, it wouldn’t
greatly affect your general standing with
the world.
Perhaps you smoke or chew. What
for? What’s tho use of paying out SIOO
a year to insure bad breath, headaches,
red eyes, decayed teeth and nervous
debility, when you can secure a broken
leg, which is far nicer, by a tumble
down stairs? Chewing is a vicious, nasty
habit. SmokiDg affects the brain and
nerves and stomach. We admit that a
young chap of your age looks like a great
statesman when he comes down the
avenue puffing away at a five-cent grab,
•but suppose you didn't look like any
’Odv but yourself^
Maybe yon Brink a little ; very proba
bly you do. A young man of your np'O
is apt to think it smart to guzzle down
lager and tipple wine, but there's where
he is lame. Even old drunkards would
caution yon against the practice. Drink
not ouly wastes money, but it severs
friendships, breeds anger, brings about
quarrels, and there is no end to the train
of wretchedness it entails. Yes, great
lawyers, statesmen, poets and philoso
phers drink, but they lose respect by it.
Men have a contempt for their weakness,
and the world reads their epitaphs with
sneers. Don’t make a persimmon of
yourself because someone else has.
Played poker or faro yet? If so wo
hope you got such a skinning as will
last you your life-time. Let gambling
alone. Eight as shy of gambling rooms
as you would of a mad dog. People tell
you about luck. That’s all bosh. The
gambler has you by the throat tho
moment you enter his door. You can’t
make any money out of him, but he
will see to it that you add to his capital.
Now, as to your personal traits. You
may come naturally by your egotism,
but keep it iu check. The world iu
general looks upon it as a disease. Even
if you know all you think yon know
the rest of ns won't admit it. Men hate
boasters and braggarts.
Bluntness is a good thing sometimes;
sometimes it isn’t. Civility and a con
scientious regard tor other people’s
feelings are trump cards in tlm game of
life. Be charitable without oncouraging
vice; be honest in your opinions, but
don't imagine that it is your duty to
break up a family or start a church
scandal; in your doaliligs be square.
Yoiynay lose by it for a time, but when
the public comes to understand that
you are a just and upright man you’ll
make money and keep friends as well.
In faot, young man, suppose you
square up with your tailor, pay tho
balance at your boot-makers, part your
hair on tho side and fall into procession
with t-h* rest of us. We don’t claim to
be pretty, and we don’t own all the
brain# in the country, bnt wo can teach
you several things that may come useful
in futuro years, nnd wo guarantee to
provo that horse sense and square deal
ing are certain to pay a semi-annual
dividend.
Marrying by Proxy.
Among the cabin passengers on the
barque Veronioa, who arrived at this
port from Fayal, says the New Bedford
Mercury, wns a young lady, perhaps
twenty years of age, quite pretty, who
was registered on the passenger-list by
the modest title of Louisa Augusta de
Olivera. This young lady was married
at the islands several weeks ago, yet,
singularly, the first glimpse of her hus
band was obtained through the cabiu
window of the Veronica, as he stood on
tho propeller wharf, impatiently waiting
for the propeller to come alongside the
dock. The steward of the Veronica ex
plained to a reporter that marriage by
proxy was not uncommon among the
islanders. It is becoming popular, for
worse than awkward results have fre
quently followed where the girl has
traveled n long distance to meet the man
to whom she is betrothed and tlie latter
refuses to marry because the young
Indy did not realize his anticipations.
Careful mothers are accordingly averse
to sending away their daughters on this
C. O. D. subject to approval principle
and now demand some guarantee of good
faith.
The courtship iu the present instance
was conducted by friends of the young
lady and gentleman. Photographs were
exohanged and the compact was made.
The bridegroom forwarded a power of
attorney aud the ceremony of marriage
wns performed by a priest at Faya!,
marrying the young girl to a mau thou
sands of miles away. The play of
“Hamlet.” with Hamiet left out can be
no comparison to a wedding without a
bridegroom. With her marriage certifi
cate, the young lady engaged passage
on the Veronica and exhibited some im
patience, so the steward says, at the
length of tlie passage. As the vessel
came up the harbor siio grew pardonably
anxious and scanned tho wharf intently
as the vessel was docked. At length a
young man came into the cabin and said
a mau on the wharf sent him to see if his
wife was aboard. The steward asked
him to point out the man, which he did.
The girl exhibited the liveliest interest,
and looked her husband over with a
critical and, on the whole, approving
eye.
The messenger returned with the hus
band. The girl blushed, the husband
smiled, aud they prosaically shook
hands. Both were apparently com
pletely satisfied with their venture, aud
the husband bore his young wife proudly
away.
Will Read Either Way.
Our young friends have heard of
palindromes—words or lines that read
and spell the same backward as for
ward. The following sentences,
printed in the London Truth, simply
make sense read word by word either
way:
“ Solomon had vast treasures—silver
and gold—things precious. Happy and
rich aud wise was ho. Faithfully served
he God.
“ She sits lamenting sadly, often too
much alone.
“ Mau is noble and generous often,
but sometimes vain and cowardly.
“ Carefully boiled eggs are good and
palatable,"— Youth's Companion,
THE 'FIRST PASS.
deadheading it on a railroad
AND WHAT CAME OF IT.
A Western Fdltar Spin* ('tin l.lftle Vnra All
About Iliinnell and hit First Free Paste
board.
[From the Milwaukee Sun.]
An invitation from the manager of a
great railroad corporation to the editor
of the Sun to make a trip on his special
car, has caused the writer to reflect on
the immensity of the railroad business
of the present day, and of the develop
ment of the pass system, and the effect
that an indulgence of free passes has on
a man. If a man never has a pass on a
railroad he goes through life paying his
fare, and never thinks of its being a
hardship, bnt when once the free pass
enters the system he is no good to a rail
road forever after, and he looks upon
the paying of fare upon a railroad as a
wicked scheme, an outrage, as it were.
Up to 1860 {he writer had always paid
fare.on railroads, and probably had ex
pended as nvach as seven dollars, all told,
in riding froto one town to another on
the cars, anphe never missed the money,
feeling that it was the duty of every citi
zen to support the great highways of
commerce. In an evil hour the writer
became interested in a newspaper at
Jefferson, and one day there came in
the mail a pass for himself and his part
ner on Western railroad. It
was a great event in the history of that
road. AfTtr the recipient of the pa: s
had rekttjeid from his astonishment,
and haMrAun to realize that he was e i
titledtflj tide free between Jeffers->u
and Chjfc',J, and had showed the piss
to nearly the populace who were at
the post-ofiwe waiting for the mail to oe
distrilmteii#! o began to inquire of he
depot agent what time the first t - ain
passed going either way. It did not
make much difference to the er.itor
which way the train was going, as long
as it went. It was found that a freight
train would go along in about five
hours, bound south, and the holc’er of
the new pass was compelled to put in
those five hours waiting for the train.
It seemed a month, and the pass seemed
to burn a hole in the pocket, and it was
taken out a dozen times to cool off, and
to show to different persons who had
heard of its arrival, and hod come down
to see it. Finally, the train pulled up
to the depot, and the editor took his
seat in the caboose, and it seemed as
though thojoeople on the door-steps
were talkiifg over the new era in rail- i
roading. It seemed as though the train
never would start, and after it started it
seemed as though the oondnetor never
would come through to look at the pass.
A lady had a-crying baby, and the editor
in his kisd*iieartednesß attempted to
quiet the baby by showing it the pass, i
and was nearly paralyzed when the child
put a comer of it in its mouth and be
gan to chow it. By prompt measures of
choking the infant the pass was re
covered, and tlie conduotor came along,
aud the editor handed up his pass with
an air of one who always rode on a pass.
The oonduotor looked at the date, and it
did not take effect until the next day,
and he asdd the editor would have to
put up twenty cents, the fare between
Jefferson and Fort Atkinson. It was
cruel, but no argument would convince
that freight conductor that the pass
ought to Ip good uutil the day after, and
it was necessary to pay good money for
a ride down aud hack, forty cents, a ride
yyas taken for no other purpose on
earth excegt-4o try the pass. That night
the editor took a solemn obligation to
make that p9ih’adaorry for tlie outrage,
and for a- '"j. -\Hqrward it was a cold
dj y when tlift did not have tn
carry the writer or his partner some
where. They divided themselves up
into reliefs, and it was the duty of one
of them to go somewhere every day.
They were both too lazy to work, and
riding on the cars was just about exer
cise enough. They would go to Milton
Junction or Janesville, aud back, and
conductors got so that if one of the Jef
ferson editors did not show up at tlie de
pot, when tho train stopped, they would
hold tho train. The pass became so
worn that it had to be renewed the first
six months. It was a proud day for the
writer when his face becamo so well
known to the conductors that it was not
neeessnry to show the pass. The pleasure
of pulling out the pass before a carload
of passengers, gradually wore off, and
there was more pleasure in having the
conductor come along and smile, and
pass on, because passengers would thiuk
the man so favored l>y the conductor
must lie at least one of the owners of
the road. Sinoe then the writer has rid
den on passes across the continent, and
up and down it, and has been offered a
pass for Europe, but in all the free rides
of thousands of miles he lias never felt
so much as though he owned the earth,
and had a fence around it, as he did
when ho got that first pass on the old
North Western, nnd put in a solid year
trying to make the pass pay for its keep
ing. Ho never realized, when taking a
trip to Chicago to pay for a ream of
paper, that the two days lost timo and
the expenses for meals, cost anything.
He was riding free. The young rail
road that in 1850 made a bid for popu
lar favor by giving a pass to the warm
haired, lazy editor, the writer is proud
to observe has become one of the great
est corporations in the world, with its
iron arms hugging blushing Territories
as well as matronly States, and pros
perity is known wherever it runs its
trains, while all connected with the
road have got rich, and many have died
and gone to heaven. How much of this
success is due to the act of giving that pass
to a deserving young man is not known,
but one thing is certain, the road didn’t
make anything on its passenger traffic
that year.
The Laplander.
The Laplander’s sledge has no run
ners, but, like himself, it is covered
with reindeer-skin, and is in shape some
thing like a canoe. Harnessed to his
sledge, tlie reindeer starts off with al
most the rapidity of the steam-engine,
gping fifteen or twenty miles an hour.
The reindeer is not only the Laplander’s
horse, but his cow, and, during the time
that it gives milk, he is freezing large
quantities of it, to be used wheu no
more is to be obtained. Then he breaks
off a piece, warms it out, and has again
a good article of milk. The deer is also
his food, large herds of them being kept
in some parts of the country. From its
skin the Laplander makes the roof and
floor of his house, his bed, his shoes and
stockings, his clothes, and cords and
strings for Ins bow. Without this ani
mal, the Laplander would be in a de
plorable condition.
The Tkttth.—A truthful remark by
an exchange: “The young man -who
tampers with alcohol is inviting a blight
to settle upon his name and character,
and a curse more bitter than death to
take possession of his fond hopes and
bright prospects.” Boys, this is a nice
thing to paste in your hat where yon can
• be reminded of it when tempted,
IN emPHOOD’S DAYS.
BAFED BY KNOWING HOW TO MIX A
MESS OF DOLUH,
In a Free and Ea*y Way a Bnd Boy Given
the Growlns Generation Some Good
Advice.
“I heard that you and your chum
made up a purse to pay a fellow’s fme,
and save him from going to the house of
correction,” said the groceryman to the
bad boy. “You fellows will get to mix
ing in with thieves, and the first thing
you know, yon will get pulled by the
police, and saltpetre won’t save you.”
•‘Well, sir, if we hadn’t happened
down to the police court, that morning,
that boy would have been ruined. The
jndge had just said, five dollars fine, or
ten days in the house of correction, and
the policeman led the boy out, and as
he passed me I thought his face was
familiar, and as I knew the cop’s sister,
he let me go to the station and see the
boy. He used to live where we did, be
fore we came here, and his folks were
rich then, hut his father failed and his
mother died, and the boy never learned
to do anything, and he has been, for a
year, walking around from town to town,
eating when anybody offered him a
meal, and going without when they
didn’t. T’other night he struck this
town, and he was hungry and he didn’t
have ambition enough to even go and
beg a piece of bread, and he stood lean
ing against an iron fence, ready to
freeze, when a policeman took him in.
The ambition was all chilled out of him,
and he didn’t make any defense at the
charge of vacancy, and was gomgto be
sent up with thieves and drunkards,
when we happened to see him. I tell i
you, it don’t make any difference how !
rich a boy’s father is, every boy ought j
to learn to do some kind of work, be- j
cause the time may come when he will
have to work or starve. Well, he was
tickled to see me, and cried some, and
said when he got out of jail he guessed
he would go and drown himself, cause
he wasn’t no good, and he' talked about
his mother’s dying, until it broke us all
up, and then we paid his fine and I took
him up to our house, and gave him some
of my clothes, and we tried all the even
ing to think of some work he could do
but he never learned to do a thing when
his pa was rich, except to walk down
town and back. I never see a boy so
helpless. I happened to think when we
were little hoys, we used to go in his
ma’s kitchen on baking days, and they
would give us some dough to mix, and I
asked him if ho remembered it, and he
said he did. That was the only thing
he could do. Bo I went down to the
bakery and told the baker that I had a
friend' who didn’t know anything on
earth bnt to mix dough, and I wanted i
to get a job for him. Well, sir, it hap- |
pened that one of the bakers was ofi on
a drunk, and the hoes said to bring my
friend in, and I told the boy, and im
pressed upon his mind that he rnnst act
as though he ws brought up on dough,
and knew all al>out it, and I took him
jown there, and the baker gave him a
job, and he caught on so well the baker
is going to give him six dollars a week
after next week. O, dear, but be could
iling dough. Now this shows what a
little thing will save a boy, but it wns a
narrow escape, and every boy should
learn something. Seems singular, don’t
it. that the only thing that boy knew,
by which he could earn a living, was
something he learned when he was play
ing, in childhood, in kis ma’s kitchen.
Bay, I wish I was an orator, and oould
go around giving lectures. I would talk
to boys and girls entirely, and I would
show them that they were the biggest
fools on earth, to neglect to learn a
trade.” ■ * 4
‘‘Yes, that is all right, hut whsit do
1 you know, by which you can earn a liv- ]
tag ?” asked the groceryman of the bad !
boy, thinking he had him.
j “Me,” said the boy, indignant at the
idea that he didn’t know anything. ‘‘l
i could be a dozen different things that I
have learned. I oould come into this
grocery and double your business, by
keeping it clean, giving full weight,
treating everybody kindly, keeping good
j groceries instead of poor ones, and
wearing a clean shirt and a smile instead
1 of a dirty shirt and a frown, as you do. I
! could—”
j “That will do, you can go,” and the
grocerymnn let the boy out and closed
the grocery to go to dinner, while the
‘ boy went to the bam to feed his pa’s
trotter.— Peck's bun.
Household Hints and Helps.
One of the most reliable receipts for a
white layer cake is this: One cup of
butter beaten to a cream, with two cups
of sugar; add one cup of sweet milk,
three cups of flour, with two teasponfnls
of baking powder mixed with it and the
well-beaten whites of five eggs. This is
also delieious if baked in a loaf, with a
large cup of chopped raisins in it, put
them in last, reserving a little of the
flour to sprinkle over them,
j Pieces of layer cake that have become
| too dry tided not lie thrown away.
| Steam them for five minutes, and serve
as dessert with nice pudding sauce. The
layer cake made with boiled frosting and
chopped raisin filling makes a delicious
pudding.
To get the full flavor of dried or evapo
rated peaches, they should first be al
-1 lowed to soak for at least three or four
i hours, then cook them slowly; when
| they are almost done add the sugar, then
; set them away and let them get perfect
ly cold. If not used until the second
day they will he still better, os they will
absorb the sugar and be much richer ap
parently. If for use in puddings, treat
in this way also, as it will repay you for
taking thought. Use the juice in the
pudding sauce.
This rule for com bread must be care
fully followed to procure the excellent
I possible result: Take two tablespoon
! fuls of Indian meal, two of molasses,
i one not at all heaping, one of soda, one
! and a half teaonpa of buttermilk, a
1 good pinch of salt; thicken this until it
i is ahont like a thick paste with rye flour;
hake in a moderate oven for thirty-five
minutes.
Excellent breakfast cakes are made of
three eggs, one teasponfnl of sugar, one
coffee cup of sweet milk, one cup of
warm water, three tablespoonfuls of
yeast, flour enough to make a stiff bat
ter. Leave the white of three eggs
until the batter has risen, then add
them; a pinch of salt is needed. If
started the night before, these cakes are
delicious. They will be as light as puffs.
An excellent rule for making' nut
candy is to take ' two pints of maple
sugar, half a pint of water, or enough
to dissolve the sugar and no more. Let
this boil until it becomes brittle, when a
little is “tried” in cold water. Butter
some plates or tins, cover with nut
meats, and pour the candy over them.
Hickory nuts or butternuts are nicer
with tins than almonds or peanuts.
Ax Indianapolis paper says the
weather continues gelid. If that isn’t a
gelienna of a word to use we don’t know
what is— . Burlington Haw key e.
HOW TO COOK.
A Lecture by 3IIm Parloa-Shnwing Her
Pupil* the Way U .Should be Done.
A lesson on breakfast dishes was given
at Miss Parloa’s School of Cookery. The
dishes cooked before the class were : 1
meat hash, fish hash, fish balls, pop
oveis, buckwheat cakes and muffins.
Fish balls was the first subject taken up.
One pint of raw, shredded codfish was
measured out, and two heaped bowls of
raw potatoes were carefully pared. The
potatoes, with thecodfish on top of them,
were placed in a saucepan, and enough
boiling water was poured over them to
cover the whole. The lecturer stated
that the codfish and potatoes should boil
half an hour.
While they were boiling the subject
of muffins were taken up. Raised muffins
were exhibited, which were made with* a ;
pint of warm milk, half a cake of com
pressed yeast, one tablespoonful of
butter, and two well beaten eggs. Miss
Parloa explained that the eggs, salt,
butter and yeast Should be added to j
the milk, and the wholeretirred gradually
into the flour. These muffins, she said, j
should be baked in deep tins, which \
should be filled, when the batter is light, J
two-thirds full and left to stand covered
in a warm place till they rise to the top
of the tin, when they are placed in a
quick oven to bake half an hour. The :
lecturer referred in praise to the excel- j
lent flour now made of the whole grain i
of wheat, ground fine. A recipe was :
given in which whole-wheat flour, or
granulated wheat, could be used : To i
one and a half cups of granulated meal, j
or whole-wheat flour, add two teaspoon- !
fuls of sugar, one tea-poonfnl of cream- :
of-tartarand half a teaspoonfnl of soda, j
Mix these ingredients together, with half i
a teaspoonful of salt, and, if you wish, •
leave over night, or any length of time .
till you are ready to make the muffins. !
Thelecturer said that she was accustomed
to keep boxes filled with Indian, rye !
and wheat flour prepared ready to add
the liquid and eggs at any time. To j
complete the muffins an egg was beaten j
lightly and added to a cupful of milk j
and a third of a cupful of cold water, '
and this mixture was turned gradually
on the dry ingredients. These muflius
were then baked twenty-five minutes
and were delicious in flavor. Indian
muffins, pop-over and buckwheat cakes
were then baked successively before the
class.
The lecturer then took up fish balls.
The fish and potatoes having been
cooked sufficiently, the saucepan was
removed from the stove and any surplus
of water was drained off, and the whole
vigorously beaten with a potato masher,
Miss Parloa added butter of the size of
an egg, pepper and two eggs well-beaten.
These were thoroughly mixed and the
mass was rolled into balls, cakes or long
croquette shapes, and immersed in a
pot of hot fat, which was smoking in
the centre as well as at the sides. In
three minutes the fish balls which were
put in tho fat were lifted out brown and
ready to be served.
THE EMIGRANT AT SEA.
U'lmt an KhxHmli Nailer Kan to Nay A bom
Them.
Sailors are not a very sympathetic
race when afloat, but, during my these
years of shore-Life, a good deal of tla
brutal indifference that is given to oni
by a calling made up of kicks, hard
weather autl bad food had leaked away, I
and, as I stood looking on to the main- !
deck from the break of the poop, I saw |
a deal to excite my pity in some of the j
poorly clad folks, who, with their chins j
on the rail, seemed to be yielding up |
the ghost, and ha others staggering,
wttb jeilmy faoeffc along the c deck, wiin
haj*os, and in the women
who sat here and there on coils of rope,
on the hatch-combings, or under the
bulwarks, with their gowns over their
heads, forced by the motion below into
the fresh air, and now trembling from
the cold, raw September sea-wind, with
out any other refuge than the gloom and
groaning ’tween-decks from which they
had been expelled by nausea. Sailor
men know had times and endure great
hardships, bnt, on my soul, I think
that, of all the people who go to sea,
whether for a living or merely to get
across the ocean, the emigrant or third
class passenger suffers the most.
Look at his bill of fare—the greasy pea
soup, the green salt-pork, the horrible
pudding of boiled slush and flour, the
cheap preserved meat, which, whether
putrid or not, is quite as likely to be
dog or cat as beef or mutton; look at his
accommodation, the darksome interior
into which he is crowded, as though he
and his fellows were 1 leasts of the field,
meant for slaughter, under an act of
Parliament, on their arrival; look—bnt
I dare not go pointing out.
I have sailed in ships with the emi
grants; I have seen them fighting like
wild brutes round the galley for the
meal, which the weakest or the last
comer bade fair to go without; I have
heard shipmasters revile and curse them
for carrying well-grounded complaints
aft, calling them beggars, and saying
they were never so well off; I have seen
delicate women and children slowly dy
ing of hunger, because the horrible
nausea excited by the sea had created
an invincible loathing of the coarse, ill
cooked, disgusting rations supplied to
them; and I say, taking these poor peo
ple’s experience all around—the diet,
the darkness of the places they sleep
and live in, their food and treatment—
and adding to it all the pangs which
people feel who leave their native coun
try, and who are oppressed by all the
gloomy uncertainties which fill the
minds of those who turn their faces to
ward anew world, in the hope of finding
bread for their children there, that, hard
as the sailor’s life is, ill as he is fed,
poorly as he is clothed, and severe as his
toil is, his sufferings, even as a mere
voyager, when he is no more than a boy,
and is kicked about as a boy, are not, in
my opinion, comparable to what is un
dergone by hundreds of poor people
who are driven by want to cross the
ocean. _
Land Monopoly in California.
“ With more untilled acres than there
are in Kansas, Nebraska and lowa com
bined, the settler who comes to Cali
fornia,” the San Francisco Chronicle
says, “ finds extreme difficulty in secur
ing a home—l6o acres—at even four
times as much as 160 acres would cost
him in any ot those States. Millions of
acres have been transferred from Gov
ernment to corporation control, and the
corporations, with singular blindness to
their own interests, seem to be the worst
enemy the settlers have. Other mill
ions of our best acres are locked up in
large Spanish and Mexican grants, held
for advancing rates, simply because the
machinery provided for taxing them
does not work with honesty and smooth
ness.”
A Chicago man shot at his wife, but
her corsets caused the ball to glance and
saved her life. And yet men whose
names are enrolled high up6n the scroll
of fame assert that corsets are injurious
to the health,
ODDS AND ENDS.
California has 900 churches.'
Australia has 3,000,000 inhabitants.
There are 16,823 Quakers in Indiana.
A cremation society has been organ
ized in Boston.
Chicago has 21,000,000 bushels of
grain in store.
The sulphur beds of Utah embrace
several milion acres.
Baltimore boasts of a debt of thirty
eight million dollars.
There are 5,000 homeless and destitute
children in Chicago.
It takes 250 bushels of potatoes to
make a ton of starch.
Germany is going in heavily for beet
root sugar culture.
Many New England cotton mills are
running on half time.
Charles Delmonico left a fortune of
five millions of dollars.
Two men were attacked by a mob in
Spain for selling Bibles.
A silk farm has been established in
Powhattan county, Ya,
London Bible societies gave away
4,989,660 bibles last year.
Dividends payable in Boston in Feb
ruary
Tallulah, Ga., has two women
deputy revenue collectors.
Chicago is making an effort to stay
the ride of divorce-seekers.
Gen. Herkimer is to have a monu
ment at Oriskany, N. Y.
Pickpockets are said to infest every
railroad town in Mississippi,
A statue of Garfield has been ordered
at Berlin, for San Francisco.
Of all American cities Sarah Bern
hardt liked Boston the best. •
Not one of the six Congressmen from
California was bom in the State.
Niagara hackmen have formed an
association for self-protection.
Indiana pays her ministers over a
million dollars a year in salaries.
Chinese laurdrymen in San Francisco
have organized a labor union.
A blast in a quarry near Bodie, CaL,
uncovered five petrified eggs.
Forty-three English yachts are now
cruising iu the Mediterranean.
A colony of German farmers are on
their way to southern California.
A Massachusetts baby has twelve
toes, ten fingers and two thumbs.
Second Adventists say the world
vill end ou the 4th of November.
There are 20,000 memliers of the
Methodist church in South Africa.
Over 2,600 men are in the
Sacramento River salmon fisheries.
The output of the Michigan iron
mines last year was 2,300,000 tons.
New Hampshire has ninety-eight sur
viving veterans of the war of 1812.
Our neighbor, Mexico, owes one hun
dred and seventeen million dollars.
In four years $300,000,000 has been
spent, on new railroads in the south.
Four hundred and fifty-two railroad
trains leave Boston every week day.
The Texas Assembly has passed a
stringent law against fence-cutting.
Canadian vessel captains are organ
izing a society all along the lakes.
One person in every 1,000 of the pop
ulation of New York State is blind.
The Ohio breeders of Jersey cattle
mj their herds are worth $1,800,000.
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes says
he is not going to England to lecture.
There are a million people in Great
Britain who receive charitable relief.
,TBEHI Is gpni tliwfcya (huodm
Chinese laborers in British CblumWift.
A bill beforo the Kentucky Legrela
ture asks for a crematory in Louisville.
At Jonkoping, Sweden, is the oldest
and largest match factory in the world.
China now manufactures firearms of
all kinds and of superior workmanship.
Teachers of French in England have
organized a society for mutual protec
tion.
There are places in New York where
you can get stale beer for a cent a
glass.
The wooden boxes that bring oranges
from Florida are manufactured in
Maine.
The manufacture of salt in Michigan
is one of the most important industries
there.
And lie Did It
A Washington letter writer tells this
story:—“When Registrar Brace was
senator from Mississippi, a young lady
whose relatives before the war were im
mediate neighbors of the family with
whom Bruce lived, and who, through
the misfortune of war, lost everything,
applied for a position in the treasury de
partment. Her application was vaguely
made, and met with equal success. She
was in desperate financial straits. Asa
dernier resort she applied to Senator
Bruce. What do you suppose he said to
her? What he said was this: ‘Miss
disposal in the——department. I well
remember your family down in Missis
sippi in old times. You shall have that
position at once. I know of course,
Miss , that you, on account of our
difference in color, and on account of
things generally, would be disobliged
if I were to offer to go in person with
you, but my brougham is outside and I
will see you to it; tell my driver to drive
slowly, and I will take a street-car and
be at the department before you and
have the secretary appoint you.’ And
he did it.”
Crttcislng It.
The New York ‘ Globe (negro organ)
says of the marriage of Fred. Doug
lass: ‘The criticisms upon Mr. Doug
lass’s, course by our own people are just
what we expect in cases of that kind,
and yet such criticisms should not come
from us. We are always prating about
the unreasonable prejudices of other
people, and yet show, when occasion
presents itself, prejudices just as narrow
and unreasonable. We should not be
surprised at things of this nature. They
are not only natural, but are likely to
be of more frequent occurreHce in the
future. They cannot be avoided.
Where people live as close together as
all the people of this country do,
human likes and dislikes will assert
themselves. ”
Population and Area of Cities.
The annexed table shows the area in
acres and population, by the census of
1880, of the eight chief cities of the coun
try:
Cities. Area in Acres. Population
New York 20,401 1,206,577
Philadelphia 82,?03 846,980
Brooklyn 13,338 666,689
Chicago 22,797 503,501
Boston 4,416 362,535
St Louis 40,000 350.522
Cincinnati 16,360 255,708
foaf) Francisco 26,880 233,956
What social life in this country needs
is less bric-a-brac and more pancakes.