Newspaper Page Text
Experiments With
Fruit Freezing
by c. a. whittle
Editor, Georgia Experiment Station
The Georgia Experiment Station has just
installed equipment of the Whitfield Quick
Freezing System in which “dry ice,” or
solidified carbon dioxide, is to be used to
freeze fresh fruits. This Station is the first
among the experiment stations of the coun
try to attack the problems of quick freez
ing and marketing of fresh fruits and vege
tables. The Experiment Station laborato
ries were also equipped with the York sys
tem of refrigeration a year ago which en
ables them to carry constant temperatures
of zero, 28, 35 and 45 degrees above zero.
Assistance in the undertaking ; s being
given by the Crystal Carbonic Company,
Atlanta, the Central of Georgia Railway
and the Atlantic Ice and Cold Storage
Company, of Atlanta, and others.
In its work with preserving fruits ex
tending over several years, the horticul
tural department of the Experiment Sta
tion has already developed important facts
which will help in solving the problems of
the modern quick freezing method and for
using “dry ice” in connection with market
ing. Georgia peaches will continue to be
used in these studies, also black-berries,
raspberries, pears, cherries, figs and fruit
juices.
The equipment installed will generate a
temperature of 114 degrees below zero and
will freeze in one minute what it would
take an hour to freeze by the old methods.
Peaches, both sliced and whole, will be
treated with various sugars in various con
tainers, frozen in the quick freezing ma
chine and shipped in special containers to
Atlanta to be held in cold storage for cer
tain periods and then distributed through
stores to consumers. The problem of ship
ping and maintaining the fruits in a frozen
state has an important bearing on the
economy of the method and will be care
fully studied by the station scientists. Spe
cial types of “dry ice” shipping and stor
age containers are being made for these
experiments.
The laboratories of the Georgia Experi
ment Station are well equipped with facil
ities to study the chemical and physical
changes which occur in fruits during and
after freezing. The installation of “dry
ice” equipment for the experimental study
of preserving fruits is a real step forward
and will be of much interest to growers,
shippers and transportation companies
throughout the South.
Director H. P. Stuckey, of the Station,
states that the work will be directly in
charge of the horticultural department
which has already made progress in studies
of refrigeration methods of preserving
fresh fruits.
Six Month Pork Production
In commenting on the South’s “safe
farming program,” which includes the prin
ciple that “no farmer should plant any land
to cotton until he has first made provision
for food for his family ” E. Z. Russell,
swine specialist of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, says “a pig will grow in six
months, and an acre of soybeans, cowpeas,
or rape will produce enuogh pasture for
from 5 to 10 pigs.
“If you have feed available,’ says Mr.
Russell, “a good start can be made by pur
chasing pigs farrowed this spring. With
proper feed and care the pigs will be ready
to butcher this fall. In some localities it
may be that the right kind of pigs can not
be readily obtained. In this case consult
your county agent, or write to the State
Agricultural college.
Pure-Breds Better
It is decidedly more economical to pay
enough money in the beginning to get good
well-bred pigs than to pick up just any
kind that can be bought for a small price,
Mr. Russell says. Pigs will not only make
pork in six months, he says, but well-bred
ones will reach 200 pounds live weight in
that time, if they have the right kind of
feed and care.
There are certain waste feeds on every
farm that can be turned into pork but care
must be taken to feed other things when
waste feeds are not sufficient to make a
full feed. To some farmers it looks ex
pensive to feed a pig all he will eat all the
time, but experiments have shown that he
not only does not waste feed but puts it to
the best possible use, Mr. Russell says.
Corn Principal Feed
“Corn should be relied upon to furnish
the greater part of a pig’s feed, but it
must be supplemented with some bone and
muscle-producing feed such a tankage or
fish meal. Some farmers get best results
by having hoppers with such feeds availa
ble at all times. Soybeans may be used
with corn and furnish a part of the supple
mental feed for hogs that are grown for
home use. Economical gains are often
made by “hogging down” corn and soy
beans, and a saving can be made by having,
green pasture as much of the time as pos
sible. For a temporary pasture soybeans,
cowpeas or rape is good. An acre of any
of these feeds will produce enough pasture
for from 5 to 10 pigs.”
A farm is hardly complete without at
least one sow, says this Government spe
cialist. The number to be kept for the best
returns can be determined by experience.
GEORGIA FARMER & FRUIT GROWER SECTION
CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT
Reach rural Georgia at 9c per word. For further particulars address Frank R. Hammett, 511-542 Glenn Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.
TREE KILLER
80-KO Enough to kill over 100 trees $2.00. 80-Ko
Company, Jonestown, Misjs,
WANTED
WANTED—To hear from owner of lend for sale.
O. Hawley, Baldwin, Wis.
FARMS WANTED FROM OWNERS. Send
price and date can deliver. Emory Grow. North
Topeka, Kansas.
FARMS FOR SALE
WE are in the heart of Georgia. Get our farm list
before buying. Rhodes Realty Company, Forsyth.
Ga.
THINGS WORTH
KNOWING-
TICK FEVER BULLETIN of the U. S Depart
ment of Agriculture. A complete description of the
tick and the harm caused by it, and methods of pre
vention and cure. For sale by the Superintendent
of Documents, Washington, D. C„ at five cents
TWO POULTRY BOOKLETS, on the feeding
for growth health and production, with formulas for
chicks, laying hens, breeders, etc., as developed by
experiment stations throughout the U. S., the other
on Coccidiosis, the control of this disease and how
to cut losses. These may be obtained upon applica
tion to our Farmer and Fruit Grower Information
Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg., Atlanta.
HOW TO SIDE-DRESS COTTON AND CORN.
Recommendations in the application of nitrate of
soda as side-dressing for cotton and corn. Write to
our Farmer and Fruit Grower Information Bureau.
511 Glenn Bldg., Atlanta.
AN INTERESTING HOLSTEIN BOOKLET has
been received giving many facts about the breed
throughout the United States, such as the worlds
cow, the champion walking cow, facts about the
Denver convention in June, and the history of the
breed. For copies write our Georgia Farmer and
Fruit Grower Information Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg.,
Atlanta, Ga.
HOME CANNING, how, and when to can, and
what the best methods and utensils are. Where can
ning outfits may be procured. Write our Georgia Far
mer and Fruit Grower Information Bureau, 511
Glenn Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.
LIQUID SPREADER, a booklet describing a new
ly developed casein spreader, which is superior for
use with such sprays as Arsenate of lead. For a de
scriptive booklet write our Georgia Farmer and
Fruit Grower Information Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg.,
Atlanta, Ga.
IS THERE SOME particular problem, large or
small, which, if it were solved, would help your cot
ton crop? Write our Georgia Farmer and Fruit
Grower Information Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg., At
lanta, Ga., for suggestions as to where you can ob
tain help.
CROP RETURNS FROM THE USE OF FER
TILIZER. This is an interesting reprint of an ar
ticle appearing in the Journal of the American So
ciety of Agronomy. The article is by H. R. Smalley,
and show’s the increase in crop value for each dol
lar of fertilizer cost, for such varied crops as co ™»
tobacco, cotton, hay, etc. Those wishing copies of this
pamphlet should write our Georgia Farmer and Fruit
Grower Information Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg., At
lanta, Ga. -
■—
QUESTIONS
Have you any agricultural or home
problems? We may be able to suggest
a government bulletin, or some recipe
book, or be able to help you otherwise.
Write our Georgia Farmer and Fruit
Grower Information Bureau, 511 Glenn
Bldg., Atlanta, Georgia.
APPLE GROWERS MEET AT
WASHINGTON TO COMBINE
A committee of fifteen, representing the
various apple growing regions of the
United States, met in Washington, D. C.,
May 14, 1930, at the call of the Federal
Farm Board to develop a plan of procedure
to further cooperative efforts among apple
producers in order that they might avail
themselves of the provisions of the Agri
cultural Marketing Act.
The committee was appointed in accord
ance with recommendations made at a con
ference of representatives of fruit and
vegetable cooperatives held with the Farm
Board in January. Grower cooperatives,
state colleges of agriculture and state hor
ticultural societies of the different apple
growing districts were invited to submit
nominations.
The Apple Committee is not an Advisory
Commodity Committee as provided for in
the Agricultural Marketing Act, but rather
a general committee to work with the Farm
Board in the development of a national pro
gram for cooperative efforts among apple
growers.
In the course of experiments into the
reduction of garbage to commercial by-pro
ducts, Henry Ford built a special retort
plant which for the past month has con
sumed a ton and half of garbage daily
from the tables of Dearborn residents.
Commercial quantities of ethyl alcohol,
methyl alcohol, benzol, and in addition from
each two tons of refuse two gallons of light
oil, eight gallons of tar, gas which was
used to heat the retorts, and a quantity of
residue which may have considerable value
as fertilizer.
Georgia is expected to lead the country
in the production of peaches this year. The
combined total worth of the apple and peach
crops is expected to amount to ten million
dollars, according to the estimates of the
various exchanges.
POULTRY
BABY Chick,, leading varieties, honest quality, aafe
arrival guaranteed, Dixie Poultry Company, R 19.
Orlando, Florida.
MAY chicks at low cost. Reda, Rocka, Leghorns 110,
100; Minorca., 111. Heavy mixed (9.60. Post
paid. Satilla Farms, Waycross, Ga.
MISCELLANEOUS
“KEEP ’EM CLEAN” Compound, will keep your
poultry free from Mites and Lice, without dusting
or spraying. Just a few drops in the feed or drink
ing water, does the trick. A dollar packet will last
the average flock *a year. We also have a splendid
remedy for Sorehead in chickens. Keep a supply on
hand and be ready, 60c and 11.00. Sent postpaid,
or C. O. D. plus postage. Local agents wanted in
each county in Georgia. Write for terms. Hastings
Medicine Co., Hastings, Florida.
Egg Production
Is Much Heavier
For This Season
Movement Into Storage Ha*
Continued Greater This
Year At Lower Price
Egg production has been heavy to date
this season and according to a poll of lead
ing shippers made by New York dealers,
the production during May and June will
be heavier than it was last year. On ac
count of the heavy production the move
ment into storage has continued at a heavy
rate this season. On May 12 the holdings
of eggs in the 26 important markets
amounted to 4,441,000 cases compared with
3,855,000 cases on the corresponding day
last year. These are the heaviest holdings
for this date on record with the exception
of 1927 when they slightly exceeded
this figure.
Because of the heavy movement into stor
age dealers have been growing more pessi
mistic and prices of eggs have been falling
ever since Easter and are now 7 or 8 cents
lower than at this time last year. The same
holds true to a lesser degree also with the
November futures at New York and Chi
cago which are below the prices of last
year.
Estimates of storage holdings of eggs at
the height of the season which is August
1 are about 2,000,000 cases more than last
year, according to both country shippers
and city dealers. This is based partly on
the heavy holdings and the probability that
production will continue heavy.
Egg breaking plants did more business
than usual this spring and the storage hold
ings of frozen eggs are likewise of unusual
ly large proportions. Imports from China
have been heavy as exporters have rushed
supplies here recently so as to get ni ahead
of the expected tariff rise. Since May 1
the breaking plants have been relatively
inactive and are no longer an important
factor.
Hatcheries are also closing down to a
large extent after having a big season. The
hatch of chicks was heavy throughout the
country generally and a large percentage
of the chickens lived this year as compared
with the average.
The export trade with Argentine has
been something of a disappointment this
season for the New York trade and the
exports to that country have been the light
est in more than five years. At the same
time Pacific ports have enjoyed a fair
amount of business with Argentine on di
rect shipments.
While the trade is inclined to hammer
prices down to the lowest notch at the pre
sent time there is a belief that storage eggs
wil be disposed of at a profit this coming
winter. They reason that if eggs are
stored cheaply enough even a moderate
scale of prices next fall and winter will
guarantee reasonable profits.
Consumption of eggs has not suffered to
any extent this season although it has
falen off some since May 1. Prior to that
time the trade output of eggs was some
what heavier than in recent seasons.
FERTILIZER FOR TOBACCO
Profitable production of bright leaf to
bacco in 1930 will call for careful manage
ment, in the opinion of specialists of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture. One of
th© most important factors to be considered
in the production of bright leaf tobacco is
fertilizer.
Growers of flue-cured tobacco wh 0 would
like to have a summary of fertilizer tests
conducted over a number of years in Vir
ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia can get such a report by writing
the Office of Information, U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture for Technical Bulletin
No. 12-T.
TRUCK MARKETING difficultiefl, or uncertainty
as to the particular truck to raise, perhaps can be
solved by one of the many bulletins issued by the
state experiment station, or the Agricultural College,
or the federal government. Let us suggest the right
one for your needs. Write our Georgia Farmer and
Fruit Grower Information Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg.,
Atlanta, Ga.
PAGE SEVEN
, . , FOR SALE
flee pdem:'” 1 U **” U "’ fo,lowin « article, «t aaerL
1 Weatinghouae electric stove, full automatic, three
llS?*’ nnd oVe ”’ whit ® en,mel > eost 9245. Price
1 500-yaid Pfleuger Tarpon reel. Only sliehtlv
used, cost *46. Price *25 •"Khtly
1 |io >Un ' e Sh ' lk ™« M '" r « T»rpon rod. cost *27. Price
1 Pfl^r‘ nd »20 W ° ’ ,Utom * tic r ** U Shakespeare and
1 Shakespeare Surf easting rod, good as new. *l6
new*!™''* K,nßfi ’ h level winding, almost
1 ”w" dm *2fl e Sn " kewood Bow »"<’ 12 handmade ar
boro *Hotel “ < * Gre ’®- Hi "-
PURE SUGAR CANE syrup, quality guaranteed
hamrU*±" f 8 BroSk * c ounT
riX-QuiUn.’ PCC ' PnC “ ‘° de * ,er ’'
Different Methods Os
Tobacco Cultivation
By J. M. PURDOM
There is probably more difference of
opinion among growers as to > w tobacco
should be cultivated than ther e is regard
ing any other single operation connected
with its growth. Broadly speaking, the
mam points in dispute are whether tobacco
Sk be , cul V vated f!a t or on a ridge, and
,OWIn * shou’d be deep or shallow.
miP« h finn f T r t n ?- e to .t he first ™ ucb debated
question I believe that the majority of the
most successful growers all over the terri
tory are arriving at the conclusion that the
to »'
B, y tbe . r ' d £ G method is meant that at
® aGh GU,tlv .®twn d,rt 18 tbrown to the stalks
and the middles run out. By following this
S’o-’h c ?J tlvat ’° n the crop is growing
ü ßh r . ld ?, e when if has been laid bv
with the middlues run out deeply, which
provides good drainage and makes the crop
much less liable to damage by heavy rains.
1 feel satisfied that there are many farm
ers who are incurring serious losses bv
following the flat rather than the ridge
method _ of cultivation. For several years
the agricultural extension workers of North
Carolina and South Carolina have carried
on an active campaign advising farmers in
these states to cultivate their tobacco by
the ridge method.
Deep Versus Shallow Cultivation
Deep versus shallow plowing provide*
more oportunity for dispute as to which is
better. Both have their place in the culti
vation of tobacco. Deep plowing is indi
cated where the soil is rather stiff and has
been packed tightly by rains. This is the
situation at the present time with the
greater part of the crop. Since the lands
were broken, and in many cases since the
tobacco was set, heavy rains have fallen
and the soil has run together and is badly
packed. As soon as the plants are large
enough and have started a good root de
velopment the middles between the rows of
tobacco should be thoroughly broken again.
One of the best tools for doing this is a
one horse turnplow with the wing removed.
The rows, should he double-sided with this
or a similar plow, running the first fur
row as deeply and closely as possible to
the plants without uprooting them or cover
ing them up. The middles should then be
run out, making a total of five furrows to
each middle. Os course, where the soil is
light and sandy such deep plowing is not
as advisable as where it is stiff and pebbly.
I want to add that I think it is a mistake
to. do this kind of deep plowing when the
soil is dry and the crop suffering for rain,
and yet there are people who have strenu
ously advocated plowing of this kind in dry
weather, but under such circumstances in
jury to the crop has resulted.
Shallow plowing is indicated during dry
weather and following light rains. Under
these circumstances what is desired is to
break the crust on the surface of the
ground, thus forming a mulch of dry soil
and killing all weeds and grass.
Another point in dispute is how late the
tobacco crop should be plowed. My obser
vation is that late cultivtaion is distinctly
beneficial. Even after cropping has been
started it is sometimes advisable to plow
the crop again. These cultivations should
follow rains and should be deep if the rains
were heavy and- packed the soil, and shal
low if the rains were light.
The hoe is also an undispensable tool
in cultivating a crop of tobacco and unless
it is used efficiently it will be almost im
possible to keep weeds and grass from
growing in the rows between the stalks of
tobacco.
CATTLE SALE AT MOULTRIE
A showing and sale of pure-bred beef
type of product and with the market in
at the Moultrie stock-yards of Swift & Co.,
on Thursday May fifteenth. The sale was
sponsored by the State College of Agri
culture, Swift & Co., and the Moultrie
Chamber of Commerce. The cattle were
furnished and sold by H. C. Taylor, of Roa
noke, Mo,, one of the largest dealers and
breeders in the business. The object of the
sale was to encourage the use of t urs-bredit
on the farm