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The Bainbridge Weekly Democrat BEN. E. BUSSELL) Editor and Proprintor, VOLUME 4. “Here Shall the Press the People's Bights Maintain, Unawed by Influence and Unbribed by Gain.” BAINBRIDGE. “3 auc. GEORGIA, TjfcfPSDAY, JULY 8, 1875. TIMELY TOPICS. The Union Pacific threatens a war I against the express companies, propos ing to mn the cars and do the business itself. If some of the profits on expres- pnge weie diverted to modify the charges on freight and passengers, the pnblio wonld bid this new movement | Godspeed. Chicago's new directory is ont at | last. A comparison of names with St. Lon is and Cincinnati shows Chicago I 40,000 in the majority. St. Lonis has 105,701 names, Cincinnati 106,977, and [ Chicago 146,133. The latter city had j the advantage, however, being the last j to show np. Postmaster General Jewell ex-1 plains that the increase in the rate to be charged for registered letters, from eight to ten cents, has been made neces-1 vary by the fact that this branch of the service has not been paying expenses The law leaves the rate optional with the postmaster general, and Creswell re- j dnced it from fifteen to eight cents. There were 4,500,000 letters registered last year. Speakino of the crops in Lor liana, the New Orleans Picayune NL fircniable j accounts from every quar, <Amtcd in, representing the cro\s nfL */< ^ exceptionally mutual feeling p-evailt^uPToelSfen employer) and employe, and there Iffia been a be neficent concurrence of circi^nstances to reward the courageous energy with j wlnoh, despite the many reverses and discouragements of the pmt, the plant ers have labored to secure the present | and propitiate the future. THK PnrK AlfD THE WALNUT. *T THOlfAS BAILET ALDRICH. (Neiccatllt, 1881) A *° from ,h « RT«jr little town _ Y* N^weMlIo, perched like A gnll by the see, On the Klttery side (where the bulks shelve do* n 3 ° it riT * r ’" solden brown) There towered, long since, an old pine tree. And across the stream, in a right bee-line. Like a sentry gnardiDg the rained fort. Was a large-limbed walnnt, where the kine Huddled together in shower and shine. Nibbling the herbage, sparse and short. __ n*. Summer and winter those brave old trees Watched the bine river that slipt between ?? * h « «nnsbine and drank the breeze. Clothed like emperors, taking their ease Now In ermine and now In green. ’ „ IV. Many a time, when I was a lad, I drifted by with suspended oar, The wind in the walnut seemed so sad 5 But ab, wbat a blustering vdleelt bad In the nigged pine on the other shore! And often, In restless slsmber tost, H *' ee “ fd j®,drifting down the tide, Hearing the sfrident wind on the coast. To die away like a murmuring ghost In the drooping bonghs on the farther side. Vp Perhaps 'twas a boyish fantasy, l'bc dream of e dreamer, half afraid, That the wind grew sad in the wslnut tree, through the pine like the surging sea. With a sound of distant cannonade! vn Only a fantasy i Who can tell ? But I think 'twill haunt me to the end, SeeiDg what enrions things befell The walnut tree, and the pine as well For they went together, friend and friend ! 1HT. From a sullen cloud broke war at last, And a grim, sea-dog of the quarter deck took the gaunt old pine for a inizzen mast. In the flame of battle Ills Spirit past, And the mizzon dragged by the shattered wreck “ What’s up, Woodford,” said a deep- bass voice, “and where is 8am to. night?” , *' ®®’ 8 done gone and gave his ankle a baddish twift; that’s all. Come, look alive there ! ” I buttoned np my coat, felt that my pistol was all right; I had taken it from the black bag just be fore the arrival of the ooach. I 0 Jam- bered in, took a forward seat, and as somebody swung a .lantern backward and forward, discerned that save a very old gentleman, who seemed to be dozing in the back, that I was Ihe only passen ger. ’Hie driver cracked his whip and with a terrific jolting we started at a furious rate of speed. We had, perhaps, ac complished five or six miles in this way, when the tickety old affair gave a snd- cii^ iimah h*f 0 r& oomifcg Jto- r and dropped over from f\t to 3 >n and excitement 6 as si My man with the ‘ i, who had followed me threejp*®» Gk t . «.« in tent to take my life, bJr®ught8 - another person (this I r ~ | ere ^^earn- ed), was held in chargtl®* Hrfit by the coach-driver aia£ T ®*y and at last astonished tb “ u>l very much by knocking tfc and making good his esc* I have this knife yet; 'JBkeeb Italian stiletto, a perfect beautyjt^- temper and carving, and keen as a rsaor. There are many pleasing adventures in the life of a commercial traveler, or drummer, as they are called, bnt there are alfeo drawbacks. , Alter ‘VjL le could I MBER 3£ ■With the Union Jack »cro*a him laid, Tbfy boie him back lo the town by the fea • The gnna at the Yard bis rrqultm played; And Ihe AdnnnlV coffin, it is said, Was shaped of the plaDks of the walnut iree! A FIGHT FOR LIFE. It was in the latter part of November, dripping with rain. --y*- “WeTl have to tumble here for the night, I reckon, gents; for the storm latt night has blown a tree right square in the road, and the leader has got a rock jn his foot and can’t go on any Pleasant prospect truly : “There’s old Job Silver’s cabin yonder ; we can put np with him, I gness, nntil mowin'.” As the driver had already began to unhitch, there was nothing to do but beg hospitality of Mrs. Silvers, and the old gentleman and myself scrambled out, the former growling savagely when he found the road ankle-deep in a sticky mire, and the rain pouring in torrents. “I should like lo Ihrottle that villain, and shoot that cursed leader on the spot,” said the old gentleman, making off toward the miserable shanty, to the right some lhirty yardp. After a supper of frizzled bacoD, fried eggs and ex cellent coffee, which was not so bad a eupper, eaten before a spanking fire of birch logs, the host, a tall, grim old man, with the face of one of Napoleon I’s soldiers, albeit with a certain look of simplicity impossible to a soldier, con- dne'ed me np a rude pair of stairs to a 4LOrW? 3ley. j The United States steamer Plvmouth I m /^ elf a j peeping apartment. The room sloped Which is to go to the mouth of the Rio ever saw, waiting my chances at a Tittle jmtutdra'the roo/^andWM^fS’mtehcd GmiKle to assist in preventing Mexican Arkansas station fer a seat in a coach, with two narrow beds and two chairs rinds, carries twelve guns ; but as the wblch tbe telegraph operator assured I took off my coat aud waistcoat, and not navigable on account of tut Wrlfo” “ a con P le tours for flung myself into bed, putting my pistol Rlionl., Iheserviceeof tbe vessel I I ... hftte nn f, e ' m ’’ he * J ' „ can probably not extend beyond the beating a tattoo oith my feet, and for grim old man excused lus poverty protection of Brownsville, the capital the first time in » week feeling utterly “wi°?^ a ^ ay th e candle, hl8 cowhide • - l- l , jaded and worn ont. J shoes creaking on tho stairs as he de- which is only | Tha flivip „„.i | scended. On second thought I took my of Cameron oounty, thirty-five miles from may ascend, however, h'tanco, provided they can be of any I inside seeming naturally to intensify I f'V," ’u'U V£ 1 ' . *“* m. * the inky blackness outside. * Si™?* th ? d ™ D “ g „ The operator, a weary, pale-faced ?.“ de ^f a ^’. and tbe ram tb at ° n The new system of prepayment of man » seemed glad of my company, as lova { b “fhLwj * 80Tind 1 Used t0 nat.« — - he no doubt was. noor old ^ 1() ! e 11 m I ^“d' pontage^, on newspapers m l “'° " H 7 of revenue, The weight of by stamps 5®, no doabt ? as * P° or old cba P» and thia nioaa 11 . o— | only through his instrument and an is class of matter from the New York j occasional newspaper. (Hwtoffioe during the first quarter of the present year aggregated 3,745,357 pounds. The postage oolleoted amount ed to 882,353. At this rate New York before, or about odo quarter of the en tire reoeipts throughout the United States from this source. I ascertained that the coach generally made its trip in an hour and a half or two honrs. I suggested the probability that, as the night promised eo bad, I was awakened by the creaking of The room un9onble3Iv"owned~a»t*? t ^ occupant than myself whether legiti mately so remained to be discovered. What money I had with me I carried in the right pocket of my trousers, the safest place by all means. I also car- . a rxj „ au . ried a large and clumsy jack-knife, snob city alone will pay during the year perhaps the ooach wonld lay over; I as sailors cut tobacco with. I don’t much more than it has ever paid be- m - * rather hoped that this bnow . wb 71 should have remembered L ■' ' might be the case, as I began to * be ^oite, bnt I did. The walking had hate the idea of being whirled through ceafied > but I fancied I heard a stifled that dark woods with a fierce wind breathing in the room ; this might have twisting the branches together overhead, h^ 11 on ^ fancy. However, I gently and smashing the dry limbs and twigs drew myself to the side next the wall, with great noise. The operator declared between which and the bed there was »ch to C— , i n8 fc room enough for a human body, whatever the I and . slipped to the Coor. I think cipal mr*T39ate (in Georgia, l736)wa8 young, p itty, and intelligent Wesley was pleased with her and she with him She dressed in white because he liked it, and regulated her habits by his ad vice ; he fell sick, and she nursed him. He made up his mind to marry her. Delamotte opposed the idea of a mar riage ; Wesley submitted the question to the Moravian elders, who advised him to proceed no fnrther in the mat ter. “ The Lord’s will be done,” re plied Wesley ; bnt he w^s m a sore strait. Sophia was nrfGpiflly piqued and bastly engaged berBelT to one Wil liam Williamson, and the marriage took place, March 12. in four*days, Wesley in the meantime having vainly nrged her to break the engagement and marry him. Weslev made this curious entry in his journal “Feb. 5—One of the most remark able diepensatious of Providence to ward me began to show itself, this day. For many days after I could not at all jndge which way the scale would turn ; uor was it fully determined till March 4, on which day God commanded me to F all ont my right eye; and by his grace determined to do so; but being slack in the execntioD, on Monday March 12, God being very merciful to me, my friend performed what I could not.” And again: “March 8. Miss Sophy engaged herself to Mr. Williamson, a person not remarkable for handsome ness, neither for greatness, neither for wit, or knowledge, or sense, and least of all for religion; and on Saturday, March 12, they were married, this being the day which completed the year from my first speaking to her. What thou dost, O God, I know not now, but I shall know hereafter.” About this time, and doubtless in ref erence to this transaction, Wesley wrote the well-known hymn beginning: Is there a thing beneath the'snn That strives with Thee mv heart to share; Ob. tear it thence, and reign alone. Commercial Sponges. It is sad to consider how much we lose in every walk of life through lack of a little observation. There are few stonemasons who, like Hugh Miller, are led to become noted geologists by no ting and studying the beautiful fossils in stones they chisel. A butcher may ent np I jeves and porkers by the hundreds, or a fisherman spend a long life on the shore, without noticing the most ob vious points of interest and instruction in the physical structure of bis victims and only when a naturalists calls his at tention to the beantifnl adaptations, which have before passed unnoticed will he have his interest profoundly ex cited which may evtr after give him i new motive and zest in his work. The mo*'* ' us will nse sponges in an in- d “ "Variety of ways, all our lives, without even onoe stopping to think how they were formed ; whether they are plants, animals, or neither, or what are their history and habits. The ordinary Bponges of commerce, which we nse so extensively, have bnt little resemblance to animals or plants, and belong to a class of organic bodies concerning the affinities and proper classification of which thtre has been much donbt. And this doubt has led naturalists to apply the question-beg ging appellation of zoophytes, or plant animals, to these and similar organisms. They are now generally considered mem bers of the animal kingdom. The parts we use are the mere skeletons, com posed of a kind of horny substance. The animal itself is a soft, jelly-like, amorphous mass, which fills up all the intercellular spaces, lines the tnbnlar canals, and forms a jet black or some times a dark purplish skin on the out side, covering the whole skeleton, ex cepting the larger openings, which pro ject beyond its general surface. In this form the sponge exists in tbe water, and, ont of its native element, is bard and glistening/ftpijthe outside, and very strongly rtfTimoles a piece of liver. Tbe mode of life in this low order of existence, which is regarded as a com pound animal, is very simple, and we wonld be disposed to call it extremely nneventfnl. Sponges grow, by a kind of lichen-like root, to some foreign ob ject on the sea-floor, and never move from their position; they have no power to contract or expand their body as a whole, or any part of it; and they are qnite insensible to every sort of irritation. Their only power seems to be that of absorbing large quantities of water, which they again yield np on pressure without any injnry to their texture. The water, which permeates their whole mass, and maintains a con stant circulation through it, keeps the skeleton soft and elastic, brings to the animals the air and food on which they subsist, and carries away waste matter it was used for this purpose, it was a worthless sea grass, growing abon dantly among oorals in rather shallow water. GOLD! GOLD!! General Cnatar’s Report ot the Blaek Hills Indorsed bjr Professor Jennings Miners Taking Ont from Five to Twen ty-five Dollars to the Pan-A Detailed Aeeonnt ot the Discoveries. The special correspondent of the Inter-Ooean with the scientific expedi tion in the Black Hills, at damp Harney, on French creek. Caster’s Gnlob, nnder date of Jnne 16, sends the following telegram via Fort Laramie to-day Gold in large quantities and of good quality has been discovered in Castor’s Galch, on French creek, and ale g this stream for a distance 1 Card of seven miles toward the J- Since my latest adrioes-seat to from the expedition, the plana of the scientific corps have been entirely changed, and Camp Denny, on East Fork of Beaver creek, has ceased to be Hie permanent point from whioh tbe investigation radiates. We were to have been throngh tbe Hills Tuesday, Jnne 9, bnt were delayed. Col. Dodge, with three cavalry companies as a^\*U-'_iy escort, I <hroom” be- attains almost dne then north m n twenty-eight da'jii-.L-^s^ 1 ' weFgh&tei trail was struck in tbe ^ jq ^snoW and rain. That officer's^ march was pnrsned in a sonViv - direction along Castle creek, where first in dications of gold were discovered. This event, induced Prof. Jennings, of th scientific corps, to remain in Castle creek valley for three days, in order to prospect, a cavalry company being left with them. The place at which the geologists camped is located 1,400 feet east of tbe 104th meridian, and was The strike that has jnst come to an _ r end m the Pennsylvania coal regions is I * ba *’ as ^ was tbe mad coach to estimated to have caused a loss of 14 w ? nld undoubtedly go, whale , - least ten m ;n: An , - , „ loss of at prospect; as to company, though, he smi,ed at th is impu’se, but at that mo n millions of dollars to the op- fancied I wonld have it pretty much my ment tbe creaking recommenced, fol- erators and workmen. It was all abont a | own way, as there did^ not seem to be tewed by a smothered oath, and I knew reduction of ten per cent, in the pav of I any PASsengers beside myself. I that 80 me one was softly approaching tlie workmen. As thev have resnmpd He talked down the platform to the b t d ’- 1 bad . “a 8 *’* 1 smile. I did nave resume 8tation room> aQ(J oame ^ tbe | not admire the idea of a struggle m the work at tbe rates proposed by the op- ? tatl °.u room and pained hem were reduced^oYh« verge of stf ►ation by their prolonged idleness. that they have nothing, bnt have lest their was empty. dark, and unfortunately my tapers were Just at that moment a man pushed I in *?J. waistcoat, which I had thrown on the door open and looked in; the ? ^ hair whe “ retiria g; .Nevertheless « I linn nn nntvre G f being a quiescent black beard. ' “ ’I ua “ succeeueu m doing very quietly The operator, busy at his table, had 1 thon ? bt ° f . tbe . knife *&}*, and not observed tbe intruder, and I made ’ iT k .V" m 7 wmstband, no comment except a ya^n of general a tbmg 1 would not do Bnder tbe Gnfnptinn J 6 same circumstances. If I had only ^ , Tire’s a' house down the road a re “ ov ® d the P iato J fooueand ___ *• .. I qh^rter of a mile where you might stay , e nove l ls t would say, all this et abf>f/^he sea, in the Jl 9 ight,” ventured the^ operator, list- occurred in much less time than it mnnnt.)» 0 wn * — I ' takes to write it, or to read it either, The liomliestV jL Aid to live in the ' the world are J By of Spiti, twelve j J- . » 1U - aya m °untains. Their faces are I lesely - turning the pages of the last repulsive, and they wear high year’s almanac, not raising his eyes at mother boots clear up to their bustles, I ^ fineh thev fill with flour to keep their Mine was not a 8u 8pioions nature, -treiuitieg warm. Yet nevertheless “ d J et J teok no heart in his sngges- raveio-o ... . ’ D J"'"® 1688 . tion, and began to think all manner of 1 s say that the men of Spiti are things about the man with the almanac. ' ls as «pt to get “ looney ” and lose A house down the road ! lieir sleep over these ridiculous crea- 1 went the door and looked out. rrcs as are the men of more favored K T be man .„^ ho had looked in on ns trim™ .. « , .. I: bad been sitting on the step formed by tnons over their own beauties. There 1 ■* - - - J as much sighing in Spiti as I was sure it was the the threshold, same. He got up hastily and walked down the platfotm ; not glancing back. I ob- ere is apyjjiere else. v TfIE project of the St. Petersbure ! B f rv . ed th ® n tbat he wore a heav y capote p uferenf>A ™ ■... .. , , cloak and low hat. I War 8Winio , , mabonal laws The wind blew a hurricane and there v t , ms to . “ e P* 111 abeyance, was not a star visible; as to road I . el only Anstria, Germany, France, oould see none, nor in fact anything, ■ acd swetlen, have signified their but about twelve inches of the frosty _ . T . , t- - “ SSYaSSSiSiL'S’ftS ■^ powershava given m simply their i 0 i 08e d the door suddenly as if I P 0 ™ 4 - on, while Germany has, at the had retired within. I cannot say that The burly ruffian had tom the muffler time, sent in the amendments I it waB 11 7 purpose to watch the man in from his head, and was altogether fixing “ Ic h she means to make to the nrelim tbe c^ 08 ^* out I closed the door. me in shert order. The dominent idea ar 7 stipulations of the I 14 '" r “- very dark on tbe - P la tform, ex-1 in both of us now was to seize the knife and only a very few moments had elapsed since my first waking. My next move was rather singular. I had noticed a light print spread on the bed, a gaudy piece of calico like our attic window curtains at home, snatched this from the bed and sprang to the side whence the noise proceeded. A man leaned over the bed; be turned with a growl of rage, but being lithe as a cat, I enveloped his head with the calico, my hands at his throat in an instant. Then began a dreadful straggle, a^re rolled on the dlogr together, My assailant dragged me nearer the bed, and it flashed upon me in an instant that the recovery of the knife was in his mind. 1 felt now with my left hand for mine ; it was gone. It had slipped ont pued laAt - Prote 0018 I oept under the grimy window, t year in Brussels. England, The man came back softly, and I ls Wed known, has decided to take | scraped a wax taper to light a cigar, psrt in it, while none of the smaller by the bed. My ohancs was not worth the flip of a penny, yet if anything wonld be calculated to lend a man super ers have as yet returned any answer Ler way. The black beard and a pair of glittering natural strength, it was conditions like eyes were within two feet of me, Was these, and I astonished myself. ^j||h he disoonoerted ? a superhuman effort, I got on top, and He walked on to the other side of the planting my right knee on his breast, platform leisurely. and again seizing his throat with des- Set a l l ~ I Therain began tofall in big splashing I Potion, bad tb ® satisfaction of inn of a W be received te° m drops, chilling me thoroughly in ten ^ ’ undertakers inclosing a check minutes. I went back into the opera- 14s.. being five per cent oommis- tor’s room; he still idled over the alms- \ on tee amount received by the ° ac ’ «o«oely toofcing up as I entered, ter two funomic . ■ , , Soon after there was the distant rum- 8 termshed on the bling of wheels, the trample of horses recommendation. It had | and a few bngle tones came down r RvsicLVN in London sends to the rheum's Therain began tofall in big splashing peranon, soon had the satisfactio era, ohiiw me thoroughlv in ten I fe « bn K bl9 dntch relax, until he was powerless as a child. My own etreneth began to fail now, and a cold, sickly sweat broke ont of my body at every pore. My would-be murderer lay very still, scarcely a tremor betraying that there ; of raotiou there -i o from the body. _ aore than fcPLibcr. '^ii^Q-naviTuy three H wril be St-J:” 3.A™e par -tnore uun lotumcr. 'iqjn tio—nav iruy through another similar experience, wrote: “I remember when I read these words in the church of Savannah. “Son of man, I take from thee the desire of thine eyes with a stroke, was pierced throngh as with a sword, and could not utter a word more.’ Williamson grew jealous of Wesley, and forbade his wife to speak to him or attend his services; she absented her self from the church for a lime, aud Wesley refused to admit her to the sacrament, whereupon her husband brought an action against him, laying his damages at £1,000. The general conduct of Wesley was brought before the grand jury, who found a bill of in dictment containing ten specifications. Nine of these related to purely eccle siastical matters ; bat the tenth charged Wesley with misconduct which occa sioned much uneasiness between Sophia Williamson and her husband.” He re fused to plead to any except this speci fioation, upon which he demanded an immediate trial. This was put off for more tbau three months, and Wesley announced his determination to return at once to England. He was summoned to give bail to answer to the suit of Williamson; this he refiu&d, and the sentinels were ordered to prevent him from leaving Savannah. ,\)ne Decem ber evening, after public mayors, WA- ley slipped away in a boR' rowed by four fellows whom he haduiired to as sist him, and were anxiout®^ get away from their creditors. Tft^they took to the swamp, where thej-' came near perishing of hunger and cold, bnt after ten days succeeded in reaching Charles ton whence Wesley set sail for Eng land.—A. H. Guernsey in Galaxy. Northwestern Crops. The Western Rural has collected a large amonnt of information about the crops in the northwest, and the follow ing is a summary : The wheat reports Cftarly indicate that—tl^) aorer wheat this year in tbe western state*, tr ices than last year. Thus in 'Illinois but three reports indicate increased acreage, while twice as many show bnt ne-half as muth or even lees. In Wis consin no reports show an increase, and but two an equal acreage, while seven show not more than one-half. “ 8s the same condition is occurred to the physioian that he mournfully in the wind. e ®titled to commission on funerals “There’s the ooach,” said the opera :, 1 he received „ - tor, “and Bill Woodford’s horn. There below, and a pale light glimmered on lv inol t * f®’ and be l 11 ' must be something wrong ; this is not the ceiling as the grim old man and two was life in him. There was a harried tramping of feet lately inclosed it to the Lancet, l a? What he ehould d o with it. He | i dJ 18 * 1 8end back, and donbt- te must have produced a bd ?®. nBabon when the honest doctor L 1 ® tt8e 4f credited with a oommis- [ be tenerals of his patients. his run.’ Lights gleamed at the outer end of tbe platform. The clumsy old coach rumbled up, the driver, in a gray over coat and woolly cap, helped to get the or three others ascended the stairs,bring ing candles. We had aroused the household, al though neither of ns bad cried ont. As I am not a fighting character, and mail-bag in the boot, shooting ont, my courage nothing to boast of. I think “ This way if you please, gentlemen, I may safely acknowledge that I showed and not an inch o’ time to ’ said a deep j the white feather when it was all over, Michigan the acreage was ntr- *7.-“£fy reduced. In some of the (“® Ji^fee, increased acreage is repor?* ^ Ab to the condition, ^ are not unfavorable, the n»jLhullo ! ^ in dicating at least an ^prntion. Michigan makes a poor Illi nois stands well. WisoonsLa^ad Iowa complain very largely, bnt general average is not bad. Undoubtedlv the acreage of com ] floated in tbe west was largir than any former year. In Illinois no report shows lees acreage than last year, with reports of an increase of 20 or 25 per oent In Iowa the same is true, with several reports of an increase of 50 per cent. Wisconsin is not a great corn state, bnt shows an increase of at least 25 par oent in acreage. Michigan and Missouri also show a considerable in- Tbe reports of the condition is cot so good as is desirable, bnt it is probable that many of the unfavorable reports indicate a lateness of the crop rather than bad condition otherwise. Bearing in mind* the comparative quantities grown in tbe different states, our re ports show s prospect at the middle of June of abont four-fifths of an average crop. porris surface is finer and of closer textnre than tbe interior, that there are large apertnros Scattered indiscriminately over the sur face, and between these are mnch finer openings, covering the complete onter surface of tbe sponge. The lat ter are called pores, and serve as chan nels of entrance to the water, which, after circulating throngh the body by means of the tortnrons and branching canals which makeup its inner skeleton, passes ont at the larger openings. These chimney-like apertures are called oscula, but the name is a misnomer, for they are, in reality, vents. They vary in number in the different species, and are sometimes redneed to a single one. By what force the water is made to cir culate through the sponge mass is not definitely known. Some have attributed it to vibratile cilise, planted within the porus canals which, by their motion, create a circulation in the water. Oth ers ascribe it to the principle of osmo sis, by which membranes of all animals, and many other porns substances trans mit fluids aud gases according to their density and power to act on the trans mitting substance. When obtained for commercial pur poses, the animal matter can be re moved by soaking it a long time in salt water and then—after it is rotted by this means—rinsing it ont. This leaves the horny skeletons jast as we nse them. The finest sponges of commerce come from the Mediterranean sea. Onr best bath sponges are doubtless from this locality, bnt the coarser sponges we see most commonlv are largely from the coast of Florida or the Bahama Is lands. Sponges are fonnd abundantly iu tropical waters generally, and per haps nowhere more abundant than in the seas of the Australian islands. They grp dually decrease in numbers towards the colder latitudes till they become entirely extinct. They vary mnch in shape. Some are beautifully shape^-^ike ,-v^ase., others Are ^ami cylindrical, others nearly flat Tike an open fan ; some are branched like the opened fingers of a hand, and are called glove sponges, and in others these branches seem to be redneed to only one, which is shaped somewhat lik« a dub. These different shapes may be long to one species, and tbe differences are due, so far as known, to the fact that the first mentioned are found in deep water, and they grade, in the order described, np to the last, which grow in mnch shallower water, Sponges are not confined to recent seas, though the commercial ones are not known to have existed earlier, be cause tho keratose matter furnishes hardly favorable conditions for petri faction. In tbe oolite and chalk for mations, sponges containing flinty spi cules were very abundant; and in most of the earlier formations, large spe containing calcareous spicules abound ed. These very closely resemble corals, and have been mistaken for them by some of onr beet geologists. The spi cule or needle shaped particles, which are often microscopic in size, are not thrown in without order, but are ar ranged to support the skeleton. The horny bpongee do not Becrete or de posit spicules, but these are sometimes found within the skeleton in broken and disordered form, which shows they were taken in from without. There is an elastic sponge, as it is called, that is somewhat largely used now as a substitute for curled hair in stuffing beds, cushions, car seats, etc., but this is an entirely different thing from the sponge of commerce. Before der of the oommand Col. Dodge pro ceeded in a southeasterly direction nntil Gnster’s Park was reached, and last Monday camp was reached on Castor’s Galch and in close contiguity to tbe stockade built by the miners whom Capt. Mix brought ont of the Hills, At the spring, on Gen. Caster’s oavalry camp ground, gold of a good color was speedily panned ont This was done in the presence of your correspondent The gold fever spread eo rapidly that there was hardly one Ki the command who had not seen and panned ont gold. From those placers or galoh mines, abont Camp Harney for a distanoe of seven miles there are scattered along French creek four different mining parties, numbering twenty-five men, that have taken np claims from all of whioh good color has been FACTS AND FANCIES. Two PioTUBxa— BEFORE MARRIAGE. ’ My Maggie, my beautiful darling, Creep into my aeMW—vr ev; 'if Let me fold yon agefU-ltfJTt* So close I can het «> What! these little; One’s been prifXt. These hands shall IK A—4 When on3fe they arHgiveft to me. All mine, little pet, I will shie'd yon From tronble and labor and care. I will robe yon like some fairy princess. And jewels shall gleam in to or hair; Th se slippers yon gare me are perfect, XL at dressing-gown fits to m T; My darling. I wonder that heaven Shonld give snch a treasure to me. ; Eight—nine—ten—elven! my prscio' Time flies so when I am with yon. It seems bnt a moment Tve been he. And now. must I say it ? Adieu. AFTER MARRIAGE, r ■ L Ob. Meg, yon are heavy—Fm tired\ . S Go sit in the rocker, I pray; 4 ' MT'*- Yonr weight seems a hundred and mnet? When yon plnmp down in that sort of way Yon had better be mending my coat slesyssr I’ve spoken abont it before— And I want to finish this novel. And look over those bills from the store. This dr< Hsing-gown sets like the d—1; These slippers ran down at the heel; Strange, nothing can never look ddCent; I wish yon could know how they feel. What’s this bill from Morgan’s ? Why, surely It’s not for another new drees ? Look here 1 I’ll be bankrupt ere New Year, Or yonr store bills will have to grow less Eight o'clock! Meg, sew on (Ris button - * As soon as yon finish that sleeve ; ^' Heigh-ho! I am so deucedly sleepy. I’ll pile otf to bed, I believe. —Mark Twain, apropos of a new port able mosquito net, writes that the day is coming “ when we shall Bit under out ^aets in chnrch and slumber peacefully, while the discomfitted flies club together ^d take it ont of the minister.” —A Frenchman has discovered a method bj which he oan bring down ' rain whenever it is needed ; or, rather, draw moisture from tbe ai~ He claims at sprinkling of chloride of ealoinm rv named Camp Tuttle With the remain;* N>on t ^ e 8nrfa e ce of the groond is en nor nf tho aommonH fVkl J1a<4<«a . . r . ° promise greatest stress should' £7 kr gulch gold diggings. £ When gold was discovered the tists were at Camp Tattle, and only arrived here yesterday evening. They were somewhat astonished at the dis covery. It is intended to make this permanent camp, where the command will remain nntil the return of the sup ply train from Fort Laramie. Wasteful and Unproductive Faming. An author who brings the light of science and experience to bear on Mas sachusetts agriculture makes the follow ing instructive statements : “ Farming is an occupation in which a man with a small capital cannot safely invest, un less his nearness to a growing manufac turing town renders the future sale of his land for other than farming pur poses probable.” If the above state ment be true, it presents a truth for onr consideration of almost infinite import ance. It implies that a “man with a small capital, ” (whioh will inolnde ninety-nine in every one hundred Amer ican farmer*) may profitably bny land and wear out its fertilizing properties, if near a “growing manufacturing town,” and then sell it for bnilding purposes, and clear some gaoney by farming and gardening andG k his real estate bargains. Bat in wf# tfeemdition does this system of agricul^h® leave thi soil for the support of the, gr® 8 * tion? Hnmane society ddf^teesleey cannot stop at the border oPM?jr”’’ erished field, garden, ox ®Vqfj3wn or chard. Humanity livelyd ktxinust eat often. For tbe last ff- wei £ar8 while some farmers were bur**-^ com for fnel in the west, Massachusetts farmers have been paying eight dollars a cord for common stable manure; and it is this high price of manure that drives so many men of industry and more or less capital, ont of all farming business into other pursuits. In all parts of the United States industry, want and new ideas keep the public in active commo tion. Industrial revolution is the order of tbe day. Onr author says: “ The day of large farms with small capital worked by individual owners, most in evitably follow the rapidly declining number of small manufacturers and small dealers! Tbe enterprise of our tirely effect ve. —Here is an extract from a letter written to her lover by a Montgomery, Ala., girl: “ For yonr sake, darling, I have quit nsing chewing gum, would you have quit gum for me ? I wonld not have quit gum for any other person in the whole world.” —According to th6 New York Mail Mr. Bnnker, tbe early proprietor of tbe hill of that name is not now living. It is rather unfortunate that Mr. B. shonld have been gathered in so soon. If he oonld be here now to see how far his hill has got ahead of old Breed’s it wonld do him good. —If a man wishes to cruelly lacerate the feelings of an acquaintance he re marks : “ A cow would regard your Jaoence,” w and, upon. le | her’hide won. ; not have to i very mnch to make shoes for them.” v —The most hideous women in tht> world are said to live .in the valley of Spiti, which is a mountair-bound, al most inaccessible place, 12,000 feet above tbe sea, among the Himalaya. Their features are large and coarse, the expression of their faces is usually a natural grimace, and they hang huge rings in their noses.. They drees in thick tnnics and trousers, and their heavy boots, coming above the knees, are often filled aronnd their legs with flonr for warmth. To Maroaret J. Prf-stos, of Virginia.— Mine eyes have never gazed in thine, Onr hands are atrangr re; yet divine The deathless sympathy which binds Onr lioart h and minds. Thon singest along ihe monntain side; Thy golden songs are justified By the rich mniic of their flow; I siag below. Where the lone pine-land airs are stirred By notes of thrash and mocking bird; Ihe heights befit thy loftier strain; Mine courts the plain. And now with jovons sylvan things And round me ’mid the flash of wings, The rivulet’s lapse, the breezes play, On this bright day, Flushed like a dryad’s tender face With early springtime’s happiest grace, This day of soft harmonious hours, Made sweet with flowers. native population is advene to the slow methods and unprofitable returns of snch investments. The west most feed the east; for there the prairtss offer an opportnnity for the aggreguf >d capital and the congregated labor necessaiy to the economical production of food. As well might we hope to go back to the old methods of textila production, or onr large cities depend on the . well and cistern to supply their wants with water, or the uncertain yield of oil with light, as to hope that the teeming millions of the fnture are to be fed by the wasteful and unproductive individual farming of the present.” —A seventeen-year-old girl was lately brought from Alabama as a witness, to testify in a oonrt in Carrollton, Ga. She was called to the stand, and ap peared in it with a large navy revolver inckled to her waist. The oonrt and lawyers gazed upon her in admiration She' passed her direct examination with very positive utterance. The lawyer of the opposite aide waa a well-known bol- lier of witnesses. Fun was anticipated in tbe cross-examination, but the brow beating attorney handled her tenderly. He was exceedingly careful not to ap proach the line of ooaracneaa or impolite ness. His change ot tactics was re markable. It was a moral lesson in court. My lowland mnse is blithe to send Fair greeting to her monntain friend, And—yearning more for leve than praise— These wild-wood lays. —A young lady living in the northern part of Indianapolis has, through a little simple vanity, nearly if not qnite, destroyed her eyesight. A few days ago she painted her cheeks with the red coloring matter of some cinnamon candy and went to a party. Daring the evening her cheeks became very much swollen and the poison soon after com • mnnicated itself to her eyes. She be came qnite blind, and, thongh receiving tbe best medical attention the oity oonld afford, there seemed to be little hope that she would ever regain her eye- igbt —The Columbus (Ga.) Enquirer tells of two families in Stewart county whose lives were saved bv a gentleman obey ing a presentiment he could not resist. He had a foreboding that a storm would visit that section, and that his house would he in its path. He told others of it, but they only laughed at him, saying he was frightened from reading and hearing the accounts of the late cyclone. He gave credence to the thought, whioh would cot go down at the bidding, and dag a hole near the hoose. He had co sooner finished it thru the storm did come, and barely had he and his familv sought refuge therein than the tornado tore his house to pieces. All in the hole in the ground escaped. —Some idea may be obtained of the magnitude of the accommodations pro vided for the people of London from the following figures : Whit Monday, the 17th of May, was a general holiday among the working population, and the day being fine, 94,000 persona visited the Alexandra palace, more than 40,000 ere at the Crystal palace, 34,398 went to tbe Zoological garden, 4,000 went to the tower, 5,196 wait to the South Kensington museum, 14,000, most of them excursionists from London, went to the Brighton aquarium, 38,000 went by rail to Greenwich, and 10,000 want, from one depot alone, to Gravesend. These are official figures. The unreg istered holiday seekers, who went to other places, was many times larger in tbe aggregate.