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THE STANDARD AND EXPRESS.
W. L niRsVuALK,} Editor* and Proprietor*.
TO A VKKV OU) WOMAN.
And thou w*-ri mil’s a maiden fair.
\ blushing virgin, warm and young,
With tnyrtlim wreathed in golden hair
And gloaey brow that knew no care -
Upon a arm yon hung.
The golden locks are silvered now,
The blushing cheek is pale and wen ,
The Spring may bloom, the Autumn glow,
All’s one-in chimney-corner thou
Sitt'st shivering on
A moment—aud thou sinkfct lo rest!
To wake, perhaps, an angel bleel.
In ibe bright preeenoe of thy Lord.
O, weary is life's path to all!
Hard is the strife, aud light the fail,
Blit wondrous the reward.
MARK DILLON’S BOLD GAME.
"I'm getting into terribly bad habits,
Dora. Breakfast at half past time ! Just
fancy mv indulging in such hours three
years ago, darling, before the world
made up its mind that I painted respect
able pictures; and chose to pay nfo ac
cordingly.”
And young Melville Austin rose from
the damtily-sr.read breakfast table at
which he and his wife were sitting.
“ I hope you are going to remain at
home this morning,” Dora said, in a soft,
coaxing tone, that well become her petite
figure and blonde-haired, girlish beauty.
" Do yon know, Anstin, that you have
not painted an atom of cmvas this
week ? There’s yonr new picture of An
thonv and Cleopatra ”
"Yes, my love,” the yonng artist in
terrupted, “ I plead guilty to have
shamefully neglected Anthony aDd Cleo
patra ; but this morning’s engagement
will not occupy much time, and I shall
bo home in an hour, I trust, ready to be
gin work. In the meanwhile, Dora, if
that model of whom I was speaking
shonld make her appearance, just ask
her to wait in the studio.”
“ I am anxious to see this divinity,
Melville. Is she so very beautiful ?”
“ After a certain type, yes,” the hus
band answered, carelessly. Then, while
his handsome face lit np with a sudden
brightness, he added, in lower ‘ones,
"You know there is but one woman in
the world, Dora, whose beauty can
thoroughly satisfy me.”
For some time after her husband’s de
parture that morning, Dora Austin re
mained buried in what, judging from
the happy smile that played about her
mouth, and danced in the blue depths
of her tender eyes, must have been
thoroughly agreeable thoughts.
“ Was ever woman so blessed ?” she
murmured presently, as if asking the
question of her own heart. "Three
years to-morrow since we were married,
and still the same devoted love from
dear Melville. How foolish I was ever
to dream that this worldly success
would cool the ardor of that love!
Nothing can ever chnngo him—noth
ing!”
“The young woman has called
ma'am, and is now waiting outside.
Shall 1 rliow her into Mr. Austin’s
studio ? ”
Dora’s meditation had been abruptly
broken by the voice of the stately but
ler who stood ait her elbow.
" Oh! you mean Mr. Austin’s model?”
the said a little confusedly. “ ics,
.Tames, l believe your master wishes her
to wait in the studio till his return. By
the way, James, you may manage to let
her pass through this room. I wish to
Bee her.”
The man bowed, aud departed to exe
cute Mr. Austin’s order, returning pres
ently, followed by .t poorly-clad woman,
of whose face Dora merely caught a
momentary glimpse as she hurried to
ward the adjoining studio.
"How beautiful!” the young wife
murmured ; “ and what a face for Cleo
patra ! She seemed anxious to escape
my notice, poor woman ! I wonder if
she is ashamed of her vocation? You
told her, .Tames, did you not”—ad
dressing the butler, who returned at.
this moment—“that Mr. Austin would
return very shortly ?’’
“ Yes, ma’am.”
.Tames was not absent from the break
fast room five miuutes before he again
made his appearance there. A rather
shabby man desired to see Mrs. Austin.
Should he admit him ?
but the ceremonious butler had
scarcely finished speaking when a gruff
voice sounded from the entrance of the
room.
A rough-looking, heavily-bearded
man was standing on the threshold,
directly opposite to Dora, who was
seated near one of the windows.
“You may go, my good fellow, ’ the
man sn>d. “ I’ve particular business
with Mrs. Austin.”
“ Yes— James—you—may—go.”
The words were gasped forth some
how from Dora’s white lips. If the
servant observed the agitation which
had suddenly overpowered his mistress,
he was too well trained to manifest the
least surprise, and quietly withdrew
from the room, closing the door after
him.
“ Oh heaven ! is it you, Mark Dillon ?
I thought you dead —I ”
She had risen while speaking the
above words, but the hoarse whisper in
which she uttered them died to silence
before she had finished, and Dora
Austin fell heavily forward in a dead
swoon at the stranger’s feet.
The sound of her fall was quickly
followed by that of au opening door at
♦he further end of the room, as Mr.
Austin’s model, wearing a startled look
on her beautiful face, hurried in from
the adjoining studio. But the strang
er’s back was turned to her as he bent
over the prostrate figure of Dora.
Nor was he aware of the woman’s
presence in the apartment until she
touched him lightly on the shoulder,
and in a rather timid voice, said, “Js
the lady ill, sir? I was in the next
room, and heard . Heavens, Mark!
yon here ?”
“Ellen!” The man had suddenly
turned his face toward the speaker,
while still stooping over Mrs. Austin’s
senseless body. “ Oh, I recollect,” he
continued, sternly ; “you told me that
you went out as a model, and this
woman’s husband is an artist. That
accounts, perhaps, for you being here,
and you may thank your stars for hav
ing so good an excuse. If I thought
.yon had followed me ”
The angry flash of his dark eyes fin
ished the sentence more powerfully
than words could have clone.
Trembling in every limb, the woman
answered, pleadingly : “I had no
thought of following you, Mark. I
never imagined that you knew this lady.
“ Leave this house in-tar.tly, Ellen!
Don'r hesitate a moment, but go at
once.”
The woman shuddered, and turned
toward the door leading into the
studio.
“ I may explain this matter to you
some other time,” the man continued,
“ but remember, I warn you against
remaining iu this house a moment
longer than you can help.”
When the studio door had closed be
hind the woman’s retreating steps, Mark
Dillon onoe more bent over the white
face of Dora Austin. A faint shiver
convulsed her frame at this moment,
and while bis gaze was eagerly fastened
upon her countenance, the silken lashes
slowly lifted themselves from her eyes
“ Then it was no dream,” she mur
mured, hoarsely, rising from her fallen
posture, assisted by the man she ad
dressed. “ You have come,” she pres
ently continued, “ to reveal all to Mel
ville Austin.”
She Bank back into an arm-chair now,
with a weary, gasping sigh.
“ I haven't come to do auything of
the sort, Dora Dillon,” the man said,
with a kind of sullen emphasis in his
gruff tones. “I don’t wish to claim
you as my wife. You believod me dead,
three years ago, and married Melville
Austin; there’s nothing particularly
culpable about your conduct as far ns I
can discover. I shall be the last one,
depend upon it, my dear Mrs. Austin, to
rvveal any thing disagreeable concern
ing your antecedents.”
“And why will you reveal nothing?
Let there be no disguise between us,
Mark Dillon. I know yonr brutal na
ture thoroughly. You came here this
morning to sell your silence. Is it not
so ?”
“ You are perfectly right, Mrs. Aus
tin—or Mrs. Dillon. Which is to be,
by the way ?”
His tones were defiantly supercilious;
bis keen, cruel eyes were fixed upon
the agonized woman with something of
a serpent’s pitiless gaze when the prey
is within easy distance, and possession
has become a certainty.
But Mark Dillon started back with
amazement, as Dora answered him,
calmly, scornfully and decisively, in
the following words:
“ I shall not deceive the man to whom
I owe all the happiness I have ever en
joyed in this world—the man whom I
love, honor and reverence, as only a
nature like Melville Austin’s is worthy
of being regarded. When I married
him, Mark Dillon, I acted upon my firm
conviction of your death. Now, I know
myself to have been in error, and a
single course remains to me. The in
stant that Melville Austin returns
home, I shall inform him of the truth.”
“Are you mad, Dora Dillon?” he
exclaimed, every trace of his supercil
ious manner gone, and nothing but a
sort of furious surprise remaining.
“ Are you uad, thus to throw away the
position you have won ?—to make of
yourself a beggarly outcast ?—to ”
“Enough of this, Mark Dillon,” she
interrupted haughtily. “Your game
was a bold one, but it has proved a
failure. Ah, my husband !”
Melville Austin had suddenly entered
the apartment. Glancing at the ashen
pale countenance of Dora, a look of
amazement overspread his own. Then,
turning toward the stranger, who stood
beside the chair in which she was
seated, Mr. Austin said, “It strikes
me that I heard your voice, raised in
rather disrespectfully loud tone, as I
stood in the hall a moment ago. Were
you addressing this lady, sir ? Dora,
who is this person ?”
A slight tremor shook Dora Austin’s
frame, and her ghastly lips quivered
for ail instant. But only for an instant.
Sue had risen now, and was addressing
Melville, who listened silently until
she had ceased speaking, stupefied,
doubtless, by the droadful import of
what she uttered.
“ That man, Melville, is my husband.
Five years ago, before yon aud I ever
met, poverty had reduced my mother
ami myself to the last stages of want.
On my mother’s death, and while I was
still almost a child in years, Mark Dil
lon asked me to become his wife. We
wore married, and I soon discovered
that my wretched, friendless position
had been exchanged for one of still
greater misery. 1 had became united
to a man from whose vile, wicked life
my whole nature turned in loathing.
One eveniug, in a fit of drunken fury,
he struck me. Teat night I lied from
his house. During the year that fol
lowed, 1 succeeded in supporting my
self comfortably on the proceeds of my
needlework. Two months before chance
had made me acquainted with you,
Melville,l had learned accidentally of my
husband’s death in France. You know
what followed. To day I learn, for the
first time 6iuce our marriage, that Maik
Dillon lives.”
“ Oh, God, can this bo true?"
The xvords seemed wrung from the
very depth of Melville Austin's agon
ized sou!. Staring first at his wife, and
then at, the moody, crestfal en man be
side her, his face*expressed the keenest
intensity of mental suffering. And now
the icy calmness with which Dora had
spoken melted to a passion of sobs.
Stealing toward her husbaud’s side,
she murmured, brokenly : “ Before we
part, Melville, say that you forgive me
for being the cause of so much future
wretchedness—for haviDg brought to
yoirr noble heart a sorrow it has so little
deserved. ”
“ Part Dora ? We must not—we shall
not part !”
He had drawn her to his breast, with
a wild, impulsive movement. At the
same instant the door of the studio was
suddenly unclosed, and a woman’s voice
cried out in clear, ringing tones, “Mark
Dillon lies, Mrs. Austin, when he dares
to call himself your husband ! 1—
wronged, deserted, outrpged as I have
been, am none the less his lawfully
wedded wife, married to him seven years
ago in Manchester. Let him deny it
if he dares. You need not scowl and
glare at me,” the woman went on,
hotly; “what I speak is the truth,
and I do not fear to utter it.”
A low cry of rage escaped Dillon’s
lips, as he sprang toward the woman
who had spoken. But with a blow of
iron Melville Austin’s band hurled him
backward. For a moment the villain
stared at his wife’s protector with a
tigerish fierceness in his dark, danger
ous eyes, and then, like the coward he
ronllv was, slunk from the apartment.
And from the house, too, never en
tering it agam. An hour afterward his
wife, Ellen Dillon, followed him,
against the earnest entreaty of Mel
ville and Dora.
“He will beat me when I return to him,
perhaps,” she said, with a mournful
smile on her exquisite face, “but I mnst
go, nevertheless. It seems like a curse,
sometimes, that in spite of his brutality
and wickedness, I cannot hate Mark.
But whenever I think of oar child at
home, I believe that this weakness is
all for the best. I can guard him
against imitating his father; and who
knows what a son’s influence may do in
future years ? ”
Her sad words left Dora Melville
grave and thoughtful for a long time
after her departure.
“ That woman loves him, Melville,”
the wife murmured, at length, in slow,
musing tones—“ loves him in spite of
liis villainous treatment. What a mar
velous mystery love is ! ”
“Marvelous, indeed, Dora! ”
“ Did you really mean, Melville, that
nothing shonld part us—not even the
knowledge of being another’s wile—
when you spoke so passionately just be-
fore Ellen Dillon entered from the
stndio ? ”
Her soft hand had stolen into his,
her tearful eye 5 * were fixed upon his
own, with eager questioning in their
bine depths.
Melville Audin’s answer was spoken
with unhesitating fondness : “ I meant
that, if all the world had striven to sep
arate us, Dora, I should still have
struggled to regain you. Until to day
I never have known the strength anil
power of my love."
His arms were clasped about her
now. and she was sobbing forth her
thankfulness upou his faithful breast.
'living htyles far Children.
For boys, we find the kilt plaited skirt
will be still in great favor for all under
four or five years of age, but the varie
ty in material is very great, and there
is a number of new styles of trimming
and cutting. Shirt waists of linen and
tine figures of cambric will be worn un
der the open jackets of these suits, aud
are made with wido collars, or a little
stand up linen collar broken at the ends,
which is very jaunty and dressy.
For older boys, the blouse suit is be
ing extensively revived in the more
fashionable establishments, made with
rolling collar to show the shirt fronts
and necktie, or closed to the throat with
a wide collar extending to the shoulders.
Sailor suits, and suits with a vest and
open coat will also be in great favor.
Gray tweed, navy blue flannel, soft
cassimere in all shades, cheviot and a
fine cloth are all stylish and fashiona
ble materials for these suits.
The close fitting turban cap, with
wide broad buckle, the silk worn last
fall and a soft, felt, are all in favor for
bo’yV spring hats. Boots are worn,
above the ankle, closely buttoned, while
thestriped stocking is universally worn.
Shaded stripes, graduated stripes, and
solid colored stripes are all seen and
the pants fall but little below the knee,
until the full youths ‘suit is adopted.
For little girls the styles are still
more varied, but the combination suit
is the prevailing fashion. Silk and
serge, or silk and mohair, one of solid
color, one striped or plaid are shown,
and the out is but a reduced copy of
the fashions in vogue for ladies. Navy
blue suits vary from the sailor costumes
of last season, by uniting solid colors,
diagonals, stripes or checks in the same
dress. Serge will be a favorite mate
rial, and is made up in suits both of the
same color throughout or in combina
tion. The basque, sacque and over
skirt supercede the polonaise or tunic
in many of the imported suits for little
girls, and some of the most stylish cos
tumes are trimmed with narrow velvet
ribbons. All over skirts are b mffante
at the back, three large pnffs being a
favorite fashion. Side plaiting is ex
tensively used for misses’ dresses, aud
the shirred ruffling is new and in great
favor.
Normandy caps will still be worn, but
are of new shapes, and flowers are being
extensively introduced into the trim
mings, tiny clusters among the lace
ruching, and buds or sprays in the face
trimmings.
Striped stockings will be universally
worn and are sold to match the colors
of walking suits, in solid stripes, shaded
and graduated stripes. The low cut
ties will lie worn as the weather be
comes warmer, and for these, stockings,
beautifully embroidered on the instep,
are offered.
White chip will boa favorite material
for girl’s hats, but I have seen some
exceedingly pretty ones in Leghorn and
fancy straw, as well as colored chip.
For wee babies and little ones just
running alone, the choice of white goods
is varied and beautiful. Embroidery is
tbe universal trimming, but it is impos
sible to describe the many ways in
which it is used. Flounces of fine
needle work are in favor, and mffliDg
en tablier is also a popular trimming.
The materials are increased by many
novelties both in thick and thin goods.
All the new garments for very young
children aje high in the neck and loug
sloeved. Tokos of fine tucks and em
broideries are used for slips, to be
belted by wide sash ribbons and a tmy
puffed heading to long sleeves, is in
great favor. Standing ruffles of em
broidery finish these yokos at the
throat.
Babies caps for street wear are made
in Normandy shape of muslin aud lace,
and lined with delicately tinted silk,
white for boys, a turban shape of the
same material is extensively offered.
Cloaks of cashmere are etaborately
embroidered and lined with silk, both
braiding and silk embroidery being very
popular.
The Art. of Dress.
The Pall Mall Gazette, in a review of
M. Charles Blanc on the art of dressing,
says : “ Some of our readers will per
haps be surprised to learn that the
style of a lady’s dress should depend
upon the shape of her nose, just as the
colors she wears must be chosen with a
due regard to her complexion and the
particular shade of her hair. If the
nose is classical the toilet must have a
certain style about it, especially when
the person’s features and bearing are
imposing. But what is style ? asks M.
Charles Blanc; and he then proceeds to
tell us that this question may be an
swered by the first principles of decor
ative art—namely, that there is more
majesty in repetition than in alterna
tion, and more dignity m harmony than
in contrast. Few colors, lines that are
seldom broken, an air of simplicity even
in the midst of richness, uniformity of
materials, and quiet trimmings consti
tute a toilette severe. On the other
hand, different shades of color, broken
lines, novel trimmings, and the piqu
ancy caused by contrast are the charac
teristic features of a toilette de genre ,
and would suit a person with a “tip
tilted ” nose, as Tennyson has it, or at
least an unclassical one, a pleasant
looking countenance, or saucy eyes.
There are thus two extremes—austerity
and coquetry, or, in other words, dig
nity and gracefulness—as well as a
medium style, which may be termed
pompous elegance. M. Charles Blanc
compares the three kinds of toilet to
the three orders of architecture, and
tells us that by taking a little from one
and a little from another we can com
pose dresses that will suit any style of
features. A lady, however, in selecting
her toilet, should always bear in mind
that she must adorn herself in such a
manner that when people look at her
their attention, after resting a moment
on her drees, will become concentrated
on her person. In this manner the ele
gance and gracefulness of a lady’s at
tire will cause people to admire the lady
herself. How often have we heard it
said, * We saw some magnificent dresses
this afternoon!’ Now, if the clever
dressmakers who fashioned those robes
had exercised a little more ingenuity
the same people would have remarked,
‘We saw some very pretty women this
afternoon.’”
CARTERSVILLE, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, APRIL 29, 1875.
Goal Oil I iispeetbn.
How the Klre Test. Ap|ili The Flesh
ing Point The liut'itlng Point.
As oil is gradually heated, at a cer
tain point indicated by the mercury, it
will evolve a vapor. Applying a lighted
match carefully to the surface, aud not
severely plunging it into the volume of
the oil, a feeble flash follows burning
off this penumbra of vapor, without
setting fire to the body of the oil. The
temperature at which this phenomenon
occurs is cailed ibe “ flashing ” or
‘vaporizing ” point. Raising the heat
a few degrees higher and wo have the
same result, t*e flash growing stronger,
until, at 110 degrees, the body of tbe
oil takes iiie aud burns—taking 110
degree oil for the experiment. If the
inspector does not burn off this vapor
witii its first appearance, 1 tting it ac
cumulate, it gathers quantity sufficient
to inflame the body of the oil, at a few
degrees higher than its first appear
ance, and considerably below the cus
tomary inspection. But when an in
spector passes the oil as 110 degrees
test, it is because at that degree it ig
nites in volume. The vaporizmg point
of 110 degrees—known as Standard coal
oil, and universally sold at home aud
abroad—ranges from 85 to 100 degrees;
an oil inspected as a 150 degrees will
vaporize at about. 125 to 140 degrees;
an oil inspected at 175 degrees will va
porize at 150 to 160 degrees. Now, the
custom of all inspectors iu the United
States, and we believe in Europe, is to
brand the oil according to tno “ig
niting ” point, aud not the “ flashing ”
point; the distinction being technical,
as there is flame and danger in both
points if too low. All laws on the sub
ject have been so construed, and the
requirements of the entire trade have
settled upon that standard of testing,
and our inspector follows this method
of inspection, approved and followed at
all the trade centers.
An oil which will vaporize under 110
degrees is unsafe. Even putting the
flashing point at 110 degrees would not
make the oil safe against the conting
ency of tipping over a lamp and spill
ing out the oil. If the oil splashes in
contact with the flame it would take
fire nine times out of ten. But take an
oil of 175 degrees, which will flash at
say 150 degrees to 160 degrees it would
put out the flame like water in such a
contingency, while there can be no
danger from explosion, as the heat iu
the lamp is never sufficient to evolve in
any vapor.
The larger proportion of explosions
attributed to coal oil belong to gas
oline. The rascally reporters won’t
draw the distinction. And so with the
fires, coal oil has to stand the general
censure, while this white face, unolea
ginous, “gas-like,” “ non explosive,”
slips in ami retails at a higher price
than a genuine 150 degree test kero
sene. The trade lias become immense
in it, and all the warnings as to its in
flammability and general dangerous
ness do a.out as much good us the
daily telegram of some servant girl
killed by hurrying up the fire with coal
oil. Its sale cannot be stopped by any
law. The attempt was made to incor
porate prohibition of the “light oils”
in the present law, but the judiciary
committee decided that they had au
indefeasible light to buy them as well
as gunpowder, and take their chances
of being blown lip. They could only
require their character to be branded
v n the package.
An oil of 150 degrees test costs now
at wholesale but one cent per gallon
more than 110 degrees oil, while 175
degrees test has got hammered down to
five or eight cents above the common
standard. It would seem that this
slight difference, when oil is cheap,
should not be regarded by the con
sumer.—St. Louis Democrat.
tiiaut Kellies.
It is not always that geological inves
tigations have as their object phenom
ena which are of general interest, and
with which all are more or less familiar.
This is certainly the case, however,
with the study of the “ giant kettles”
in the neighborhood of Christiana, Nor
way, which has been lately carried on
by Professor Kjerulf and some of his
students. There is hardly any running
stream in our country of any consider
able size which does not give proof of
the power of water and stoucs in motion
iu what are popularly called “pot
holes.” An eddy in the stream where
the current is strong sets a few pebbles
in revolution. These commence a de
pression, into which larger stones fall,
and the grinding is continued until a
cavity has been produced perhaps sev
eral feet iu depth, and almost perfectly
round. These are often to be observed
not only in stream beds, but also in
rocks on the sea-shore, where the rush
of the tide must supply the motive
force.
The famous “giant kettles” of Nor
way are simple “ pot-holes ” on a larger
scale, and produced in former times
under somewhat different conditions
than we have at present. The super
stition of the people represents them
as having been made by giants. In
some places, where the form is oblong
and irregular, fancy has seen in them
the foot-prints of these monsters, while in
one place, where the road goes directly
through a very large kettle, the saying
is that there St. Oiaf turned His horse
around. On the west coast of Norway
another name is used, and they are
spoken of as giants’ chairs.
The description of one of these ket
tles examined by Professor Kjerulf will
give some idea as to their size and gen
eral character. At the surface it had a
diameter of about eight feet, being
slightly elliptical in form. It widened
considerably in the descent, and then
contracted again at the bottom. It is
interesting to note that the walls were
distinctly worked out in a spiral, which
couid be traced from top to bottom. In
the case of some other keltles examined
the spiral was so perfect that the cavity
could be compared to the impression of
a gigantic snail.
The total depth of the kettle in ques
tion from the highest point of the mar
gin was forty-four feet, the axis inclin
ing somewhat toward the west. It was
filled, as is always the case, with gravel
and broken rock, though toward the
bottom numerous, so-called grinding
stones were found, some of them 300
pounds in weight., and all smooth and
elliptical in shape. It was through
their revolution that the excavation had
been made. It required thr e men
working for fifty days to clear this giant
kettle of its contents, and the whole
amount taken out was estimated at 2,350
cubic feet, some of the stones being so
large that they had to be mined before
they could be hoisted out.
The kettles in general present much
the same features as the one which has
been described, though there is a great
variation in ratio of width to depth,
many of them being shallow, larger at
the top than at the bottom, and very
properly are called kettles, while ot hers,
as the ouo alluded to, are deep, ami
could better be called wells. Tt is to
be observed that they aro found by no
means necessarily in present river chan
nels. They are most common iu the
neighborhood of the great fiords,
though they have beeu observed at a
height of 1,200 feet above the sea. Iu
regard to their origin, the best authori
ties refer it to the time when the land
was covered by enormous glaciers, such
as exist at the present time in the upper
part of Greenland. The melting of the
iee on the surface of glaciers gives rise
to considerable rivers, aud as these fiud
some crevasse in the ice, they descend
with violence, and it is conceivable that
that such a stream striking the bed
rock below might be the means, with
the masses of rook they would put in
motion, of producing the enormous cav
ities ' hich are now observed. This
theory, as carried out. by its supporters,
moo's with some difficulties, but seems
to bo the best which has been proposed.
The Forms of Fear.
In various characters fear .assumes va
rious forms. Same children, who can
brave an external danger, will sink de
pressed at a reproof or sneer. It is our
business to guard against the inroads of
fear under every shape ; for it is an in
firmity, if suffered to gain the ascend
ancy, most enslaving to the mind, and
destructive of its strength and capability
of enjoyment. At the same time, it is
an iulkmity so difficult to overcome, and
to which children are so excessively
prone, that it may bo doubted whether
in any branch of education more discre
tion or more skill is required. We have
two objeets to keep in view: the one, to
secure our children from all unnecessary
and imaginary fears ; the other, to in
spire them with that strength of mind
which may enable the m to meet, with
patience and courage, the real and un
avoidable evils of life. For the first,
there iB no one who has contemplated
the suffering occasioned, through life,
by the prevalence of needless fears, im
aginary terrors, and diseased nerves, but
would most earnestly desire to preserve
their children from these evils. To this
end, they should be, as far as possible,
guarded from everything likely to excite
sudden alarm, or to terrify tbe imagina
tion. In very early childhood they ought
not to be startled, even at play, by sud
den noises or strange appearances. Ghost
stories, extraordinary dreams, or other
gloomy and mysterious tales, must, on
no account, be named in their presence,
nor must they hear histories of murders,
robberies, sudden deaths, mad dogs, or
terrible diseases. If any such occur
rences are the subjects of general con
versation, let them, at least be prohib
ited in the nursery. Nor is it of less
importance that we shonld be cautious
ourselves of betraying alarm at storms,
a dread of the dark, or a fear and dis
gust at. the sight of animals. The
stricter vigilance in these respects is
required because, by casual indiscretion
on our part, by leaving about an inju
dicious book, or one alarming story, by
once yielding ourselves to an emotion
of groundless terror, an impression
may be made on the mind of a child
that will continue for years, aud mate
rially counteract the effect of habitual
watchfulness.
The New England Sabbath.
Ju 1646 they made a law iu Massachu
setts, that if any one “ contemptuously
behaved toward ye word preached, or
ye messengers thereof. For ye first
seaudiilo, to be convented and reproved
openly by jc magistrate at soruo lec
ture, and bound t o good behavior ; and
if a second time they break forth into
ye like contemptible carriage, either to
pay i)5 into ye public treasury, or to
stand two hours openly upon a block
four feet high, on a lecture day, with a
paper affixed on their heart, with this,
A Wanton Gospeller, written in capi
tal letters ; ye others may fear and be
ashamed of breakiug out into ye like
wickedness. ”
In 1677 the general oourt ordered
that “a cage be set up iu the market
plaoe of Boston, and in such other town
as the county courts shall appoint,
wherein shall be put., to remain till ex
amined and punished, any one breaking
tho Sabbath.” Officers called tything
men enforced the observance of tho
Sabbath. Tho law provided that, as a
badge of office, they should have a
“ black staff of two foote long, tipt at
one end with brass, about three inches.”
This staff soon came to have a feather
stuck into one end, with which to tickle
the noses of drowsy sinners, while the
end tipped with brass enforced order on
the pates of unruly boys. In this man
ner was the congregation kept attentive
during the sermon, which generally
lasted about an hour and a half, meas
ured by au hour glass standing on the
pulpit.
Project, for the Civilization of Africa.
A bold project for the civilization of
Africa is announced, under the sanc
tion of Gapt. Sir John H. Glover. Mr.
It. N. Fowler and other well known
gentlemen. This is the formation of a
canal for commercial purposes from the
mouth of the river Belta on the At
lantic, in the neighborhood of Cape
Juby and Gape Bajador, opposite the
Canary Islands, to the northern bend
of the Nig'.r at Timbuctoo, a distance
of 740 miles. Such a highway wool A
open up tL e African continent to the
world, and it is believed that no formi
dable obstacle opposes its construction,
but that the confirmation of the great
Desert of Sahara favors the scheme.
For 630 miles of the distance there is a
great hollow, supposed to be 250 feet
below the level of the Atlantic, which
was probably at one time covered by
the sea. This low country is separated
from the coast by a broken ridge of
about thirty miles, through which the
river Belta runs for twenty-five miles,
so that all that would be necessary in
order to reach it is to deepen the chan
nel of tho river, cut through the ridge,
and let the Atlantic fall into the vast
arid basin. In this way a vast sheet of
water would be formed, the climate
would be improved, the country would
become more fertile for pasturage, and
agriculture and commerce would be
carried into the heart of Africa.
The Indianapolis Herald has been
watching the Ohio temperance move
ment longer than any other paper, and
it says : In Washington, Ohio, where
the whisky crusade first took shape,
there are now fifteen drinking houses—
two more than when the movement was
organized. The paroled barkeepers are
all selling again except the famous Van
Pelt, the noble proselyte, who knocked
in his own kegs one evening, to the
ringing of bells and the praises of
women, and then took the field for tem
perance. He is in jail for getting
drunk.
The Secret of Success.
The Klni of Trade-Nper illation and
Journalism.
New York Letter.
This is the day of regularity and re
spectability in the trade of art. The
leaders, lieutenants and adjutants even
work hard, wear good clothes, have pol
ished maimers, and observe the conven
tionalities. Oar authors and journal
ists, of tbe better sort, have no affiliation
with wild convivialistn, but look on life
seriously and serenely, as something
they should make the most of, however
disconragiog the circumstances.
Business men who arrive at altitudes
forswear dissipation. They who have
grown rich, have adopted a system, and
steadily followed it. The veteran Van
derbilt has, from youth up, been as
careful of his health as if he had been
an invalid. He owes his vigorous
eighty years to the exaetest observation
of hygienic laws. No heavy dinners,
no late suppers, no unseeralv hours, no
frequent drinks for him. Without ed
ucation, he has high intelligence, and
wonderful common sense—rarer per
haps than genius.
A. T. Stewart has beau as regular as
a Geneva watch for fifty years. So has
Moses Taylor ; so has George Law ; so
has Royal Pholps. So have all these
who hold big purses and exercise un
seen power.
The Wall street speculators, reckless
as they seem, if they ride long on the
upper waves, preserve their digestion,
and keep their heads cool. Daniel
Drew would have been buried years
ago, had he not lived abstemiously,
and taken innumerable bowls of sun
shine. Jay Gould may not have a heart,
though he has a stomach, and provides
for it wisely. His brain is worth too
much to him to have it clouded by bil
iousness, dyspepsia, repletion, or shat
tered nerves.
They who live free and fast, like
Leonard Jerome, John Tobin, Henry
N. Smith, and A. B. Stockwell, went
under in due season. Dissipation
compels its followers to pay more usuri
ous interest than any Shy leek of Broad
street.
GREAT JOURNALISTS.
Horace Greeley, founder of the Tri
bune, was always an avoider of all ex
cesses save those of work. He never
could have accomplished half that he
did, had he not eschewed tobacco,
liquor, and the common vices. For many
years he used his brain from ten to
twelve hours a day, and never needed
other stimulant than a hearty appetite
for labor, which, to his dying hour,
was not appeased.
James Gordon Bennett, who alone
and unaided, created the Herald (mak
ing it the best newspaper property in
the western world out of nothing but
brains, energy, and pluck), was, in his
private life, without stain. Constantly
as he was abused and portrayed as a
moral monster, he never owed anybody
a dollar ; never gambled ; never drank;
never was guilty of an intrigue. All
his faults Avere professional, and these
consisted chiefly in editing his news
paper in the maiiuer that seemed to him
most effective. He might at times
have been intoxicated witii the success
of the Herald, but that was the only
intoxication ho ever knew.
Henry J. Raymond, the only strong
man the Times has had, was temperate
in habit, not less thau in disposition.
Few journalists here have done so much
work on a paper, day after day, week
alter week, month after month, as Ray
mond did ou his. Unless bo had been
attuned to moderation, and subject to
hygienic laws, he could not have per
formed the wonderful task of writing
out, as he once did, nmo columns and
a half ®f one of Daniel Webster’s
speeches, at a single sitting.
It is the same in journalism as in liter
ature, art, business, everything. The
mt n who mako their mark, who refuse
to be borne down, and who, if borne
down, come up again, and stay up, are
the men who do not dnsipate. There
are brilliant fellows with many vices
who flash like a rocket, but, like it,
they go out in the darkness, and are
silent forever. Good sense and perse
verance out rank brilliancy, and these,
when sustained, demand treedom from
dissipation. Ethics have a value above
ethics ; they are the base and build of
right being. All experience worth
liaring proves that no sort of perma
nent success can bo achieved without
rigid adherence to moral law.
Women as artisls.
The Baltimore Gazette, speaking of
women artists, says : “ That the ranks
of the painters should be recruited
from among women as well as from
among men is natural and right. Rea
soning merely from natural laws, a
woman should have all the delicacy of
touch, all the artistic sense of beauty
of color and harmony of effeot, and
especially the subtle sentiment requisite
to make an artist. In certain branches
of art she might not be able to com
mand success. But art has an infinite
variety. It is as wide as nature itself,
as varied as men and man’s life ; as
high and vague and imaginative as the
unseen world and all the airy creations
of fancy. All women, because they
study art, mav not be Rosa Bonheurs
or Angelica Kaufmans. They may not
even reach the level of Miss Hosmer,
and may be compelled to forsake the
congressiooally flower-strewn paths of
the Vinnie Reams. They will undergo
a process of sifting as men do who
make art a profession. They must
have the same qualities, love of art for
art’s sake, a vivid perception of the
salient points of beauty, a deft hand,
a true eye, and above ail, perseverance.
The poet may be born, not made ; but
the artists has to be born and made
too. All that we have said is, it will
be seen, no discouragement to a woman
artist. Who has defter, more supple
hands? Whose ideas of beauty and
fitness respond more quickly to cultiva
tion? Who can be educated to love
and appreciate art and artietic arrange
ment, and the great loveliness of na
ture, from the perfection of a flower,
and the wavy beauty of a field of wind
rippled wheat, to the gathering storm
of a summer’s day ? Her impressions
are quick and vivid. Why should she
not, then, be a painter ? " She has in
sight ; why cannot she put the insight
into a tangible form, with technical
skill, proper color, light, shade, per
spective, correct drawing ? And still,
if she cannot do this, the time is not
thrown away for the woman who has
studied art. We do not speak t f paint
ing as an elegant amusement, a de
lightful occupation of spare hours, a
source of gratification in preserving
memorable places, persons, and many
of the smaller pleasures of memory
which ordinarily fade away and are lost
to us. We might very Veil do this,
but it is not the intention with which
we started out. That was the pursuit
of art and a profession by women
artists. In doing so we have dismissed
from contemplation all who have no
special talent. Such persons had bet
ter abandon art at onoe. Its ranks are
crowded enough. - There is room for
more, but not at the bottom. Half
way up the pressure is relieved, and at
the top of the ladder there is no com
plaint of want of elbow-room. There
fore it is of those who have at least
some aptitude for art we spoke when
wc said that its study was not time
wasted even to those who cannot hope
to attain the highest station.”
Deep-Sea Soundings.
Iu lecturing recently before the royal
society on the Challenger expedition to
the North Pole, Professor Ruxley ad
verted to the work which it was expected
would be done in reference to the dis
tribution of life at the bottom of the
deep sea. The first instrument which
successfully brought np portions of
this bottom was used by Sir John Ross
in 1818, seconded by Captain, afterwards
Sir, Edward Sabina The result of
their observations—microscopical exam
iuations being then unknown—had not
been exactly preserved, but subsequent
soundings a little further north showed
that the bottom wa entirely made np
of the skeletons or cases of diatomace
ons plants and radiolaria, the silicious
matter being obtained from the water
by the action of those plants, which
cover the surface in places like a thick
scum. We have thus a silicious pole
cap, extending to about 55 degrees, and
it was not without reason that when in
1839 the admiralty fitted out an Antarc
tic expedition Humboldt suggested that
. attempts should be made to ascertain
the existence of an Antarctic cap of the
same nature —a conjecture which was
perfectly verified. Between these two
zones Ehrenberg, so long ago that his
merits were apt to be ignored, had
demonstrated that the greater portion
of the sea bottom was composed of
globigerina marl formed by the deposit
of organisms similar to those now liv
ing. Whether at the bottom or not
was a point which be would not decide,
for Professor Wyville Thompson and
some of his colleagues were at issue on
this point; but if so, certainly at the
surface also. One remarkable fact was
due to the Challenger investigations
ODly —namely, that below a depth of
about 14,000 feet, instead of the well
known globigerina clay, there was a red
mud, which oa chemical examination
was found to be the same substance of
which only about cue or two per cent,
was discoverable in the globigerina
mnd—a striking instance of the power
of the infinitely little. Another strik
ing fact was the identity of the green
sand now forming in certaiu parts of
the deep sea with the gretn sand long
known to geologists. In conclusion the
professor, without entering into any
controversy with physicists, who said
the forces formerly at work on the
earth must have been greater than now,
was content to affirm that within the
time of which they had any record there
was no proof that they were ever any
greater than now. This grand truth
had been first clearly maintained by
Sir Charles Lyell, iu whom, though he
was unable to be with them, yet age
had not lessened the force of his intel
ligence or the vivacity with which, up
to the age of eighty, he followed the
{irogress of knowledge, and who had
ived to see the heresy of his youth be
come the truism of his old age.
Hell
The word “ hell,” a translation of the
Greek word Gehenna, is a term used to
designate the valley of Hinnom. This
valley bounds Jernsalem on the north,
aud lies below Mount Zion—a soene of
sacred and imperishable associations.
In this valley Moloch, the national god
of the Amorites, was worshiped with
the horrid and inhuman rite of sacri
ficing children in the fire. When
Josiah, in his conquests, overthrew this
idolatry, he poured contempt upon the
infernal practice by casting into the
valley the bones of the departed. In
the estimation of the old Hebrews
the bones of the dead caused
the greatest of all pollutions. What
ever person, place, or things they
touched were forthwith considered
“unclean.” Hence this valley of Hin
nom,'this “bell,” having been the re
ceptacle of the human remains which
Josiah threw into it, was considered
a place the most polluted and ac
cursed. From this circumstance it be
came a common receptacle for all the
refuse of the city of Jerusalem. Here
large quantities of decomposing veg
etable and animal matter were con
stantly thrown. This putrescent matter
generated an abundance of worms ; the
worms here never died. To prevent
the noxious effluvia, springing from
this mass of corruption, poisoning the
atmosphere and breathing disease and
death into the heart of the city, fires
were kept burning day and night. This
valley, therefore, was literally a place
where “the worm never died, and
where the fire was never quenched.”—
Rev. Phelps.
The Luck of Storm Lake.
The advent of Storm Lake Brolinska
into this world was attended by more
auspicious circumstances than the fates
usually accord to humanity at the
threshold of life. The western-bound
trains, with several hundred passengers,
were snow-bound at Storm Lake, lowa,
a village on the line of the Illinois Cen
tral railroad, eighty miles east of Sioux
City. The hotels of the place, as well
as the private residences, were soon
crowded by the beleagured passengers.
On one train was a car of Mennonites
ou their way to join their countrymen
in Dakota. They refused to leave their
car, and next morning it was ascertained
that Mrs. Brolinska had become a moth
er. The report of the occurrence hav
ing become generally known, steps were
at once taken to welcome the little
stranger. The mayor called a meeting
of the council, whioh declared the day
a public holiday ; and voted the hospi
talities of the city to the baby and its
mother. A procession was soon parad
ing the streets, and the mother and
baby were carried in triumph to the city
hall, where speeches were made by the
mayor, Judge Kidder, delegate to con
gress from Dakota, and several promi
nent citizens. The announcement was
then made that a five-acre plat of ground
was to be given to the baby, who was
christened by a popular vote Storm
Lake Brolinska. The procession then
reformed and escorted Master Brolinska
to the station, and the train moved on
amid the firing of cannon and the ring
ing of bells.
It is said an article by John C. Gal
ton, on the song of fishes, that fifty
two out of more than 3,000 species of
fishes are known to produce sounds,
and that many of them emit musical
sounds.
Anothkh half million of Tweed’s
property Jhas been attached in West
chester county, New York.
VOL. 16-NO. IS.
SAYINQS ASB OLNS.
Brain* Tisste—
There ia a party, fat and stout,
A" any Turk on Bosohorns.
Who at our dinner-table sit".
And ne’er his babble intermits,
But prates of mush and wheaten grits
Aud “ mean amount of phosphorus. ''
He alwavs airs his favorite theme,
Nor cares a pennv’a toss for ns.
But rails at beef with “ Pooh!" and “ Pish !”
And calls for cod and other flsh.
Hoping to gain—hie dearest wish—
“ The mean amount of phosphorus.’’
Oh ! that he’d change his boarding place—
'Twould surely be no loss for us—
Bnt there’s one consolation vet.
Hie star, ascendant, soon will set:
Some time hell die, and then he’ll get
His “mean amonni of phosphorus. ’’
Mark Twun denies that his Gilded
Age was a failure. He says it gave a
floor, worthy bookbinder a job.
Thk latest eastern slang with which
to oobp down on a long-tongued bore
is : “ Write the rest down on a pieoe
of paper, and we’ll read it Sunday.”
A member of the North Carolina leg
islature. in discussing a bill, asked:
“Mr. Speaker, are we men or jack
rssee?” Several North Carolina pa
l*ers are unable to take sides.
A woman in Switzerland was recently
named to a man in America by proxy.
This looks as if it. might prove to be
the first step toward a system of happy
marriages. The proxv experiment
should have a fall and fair trial.
A significant fact is the statement
that a firm in Wales tendered to supply
an English railway with 20,000 tons of
rails at a price which would not have
given them any profit, and yet the con
tract was gained by a firm in Belgium
at 20 shillings per ton less than the
Welsh offer.
Dry times in Michigan. The artesian
well at Arian has reached a depth of
1.000 feet, and there is still no water.
Only the fact that, the well at Fort
Wayne, Ind., is 1,500 feet deeper and
j ust as dry keeps the originators of the
Michigan enterprise from seeking the
seclusion offered by the farthest west.
Thk New York saloons pay half a mil
lion dollars a year to the city, and take
in fifty-one millions in the same time.
The city officials and the grave-diggers
v?ear good clothes and smile sarcasti
cally when the strides of temperance
are referred to in their presence.
What shall be done with an Indian
who kills another Indian, there being
no law for the punishment of that
crime, is a painful iuquirv made by the
Christian commission. The New York
Herald answers. “Give him a gnn, a
quart of whiskv, a string of beads,
and $5.”
Afrofos to the notion of putting
clocks in all the principal streets of
Paris, all combined electrically to give
r uniform hoar, the Figaro says : “This
is the last work of progress, and Paris,
as usual, is in advance of all cities.”
But Brussels had this piece of progress
ten years ago, and copied it from old
lashioned Ghent.
The women of a Colorado’town got
up a suffrage meeting the other day, no
men being admitted. No business of
importance was transacted, however,
l>ecause some invisible miscreant let
down a live rat through the skylight,
sid. amid shrieks and Hcreams, the as
semblage suddenly adjonrned.
A maratime novelty has arrived in
New York in the shape of a steamer of
1,380 tons from Gothenburg, in Sweden,
called the Bjfrost (Rainbow). She is
built of the best, Swedish charooal-made
iron, and the ribs and beams are steel.
Her furnaces onlv consume fifteen tons
of coal a day. She is brig-rigged with
five bulkheads and two decks.
M. Loroertl. of the French Assem
blv, has excited the French apotheca
ries. He says they sell for twenty-five
cents a medicine which costs them
about a cent and a half; but they say
the medicine costs them at least twioe
as much, that is three cents, and they
seem to consider it an outrage that any
one shonld thus question their right to
a profit of 800 per oent.
The removal of foreign substanoes
from the ear may be often aceomplish
fd by doubling a horses hair in the
form of a loop, and. planing the patient
upon the side, passing the loop into the
ear as far as it will go, then turning it
gently. The substance will generally
come out in the loop after one or two
withdrawals. The application will do
no damage if the hair be carefully used.
Two thousand years from this year,
when the oompiler of ancient poetry
stumbles upon these mysterious lines,
which are now going the newspaper
rounds, he will wonder what they could
jjossibly have meant:
I hold a hand at “ draw,”
And thinking it worth while,
I “blinded” half mv pile:
And with triumphant smile,
He “ saw.”
I drew one card—’twas red;
The other four were spade*.
Straightway that fellow w&dee
For me with three old maids—
“Nnff ced.”
“Rich blue velvet with garniture of
the finest Russian sable, satin petticoat
trimmed with bands of diamonds and
large diamond tassels, and trains of
velvet. ” That was what the duchess of
Edinburgh wore at a royal drawing
oom in which she made her finest ap
pearance. Note the use of the terms
“bands of diamonds” and “large dia
mond tassels,” and then imagine the
magnificence of the display.
An Indianapolis detective, being
iiworn, deposes and says: “Pearl
chinned me to fake this honse-work; this
was not at the Sheenys. He told me
a cheese it on the Sheeny, as he had
riven him away. I then asked him
what kick-up he and the Sheeny had,
as my mob had split on me and left me
without a flnneff.” What a great Cali
fornia poet that man would be if he
had a chance.
M. D. Conway tells of a lady in one
of the manufacturing towns of Great
Britain who recently had her attention
attracted to the window of a milliner’s
shop by a beantiful and very ex
pensive French bonnet, and she in
quired the price; she was told it was
sold. “Oh, I had no idea of buying
such an expensive bonnet,” said the
lady, upon which the milliner said, “It
is a joint stock bonnet—that is, it be
longs to three factory girls, who wear
it fnma rr Sunday.”
Hebe are your personal statistics :
Bismarck will be 61 in April, and Yon
Moltke 75 in October of this year;
Gortsohakoff was born in 1798; M.
Thiers can boast of 78 years if he lives
until next April, with no faculty dimmed
by age. On the 22d of the present
month Emperor William of Germany
will have seen 78 years. The ages of
the two great statesmen of England are
lespectively as follows : Disraeli 70
next December, and Gladstone 66 dur
ing the same month. Victor Hugo en
tered his 73d year several days ago.