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Message of Gov. Jos. E. Brown, Ik It, OMtr't L’ji'fet*", 0..C,M ol x. 7- , edges ills, No** 2h</, 1868- Ihupw-Ciriata or tiii SwiAT* ** Hin or In itie Mvoflteeotfc Smii.hi oftlio lir'l Arli -0)M of iho Con-tiuidoo of ihi SiiW, it i on cl,rod l Uut ‘ .orv Mi lw rood ‘1"““ tnnt-s. and on fhrre sapaiatu days, ini tucJi branch of the Onraf AreernMy, b.-6re u sbnlf pass, oiwi* in cave of •'ti*l inva'ian or i ie*urr©©ivMi and in Ibn im *edbui ** ** further declared, that “all Arts ail** be signed < by the PmeidM tn the AfiiWf • the P* ak ’ •r tn the Mouse of K*>prf‘*emntiT*J. B*i.u wttiuu wtiUi pox JLnvhu-..n*.d and Ltf rolled. On thedajr of the adjournment of the I*>g'* fature, at H last action, so largo a number >| paaeed iioth UtHWfl* that it waenoi |>oa*i ble for the Engrossing and Enrolling Clerks to copy and prepare ail fat the signature* of the President ol the SetfateuLfid the .Speaker of the Mouse belere the hourof adjournment. Cou ?>-eq'ienMy, all bill* in tins condition were lot- Mad they been enrolled alter the had adjourned. they could not then have bucu signed Uy the PtosldWßt */ the Senate nor by , the Speaker tu the House of Represent** lives X Not Shined y I’u hiding Owicuh*. A number nf other Bills which had been property •-trolled and prepared for signature^ > but ah ch by Nome over sight In the hurry of T business had not been ajgrtnd by either one or the other of those officers, were brought to the Cxeculive Office, iU>Oui the time of adjourn ment ; and finding, on examination, n/tn th* Hu.sM had tifffotit urd. that (he erMiaHtutiOnnl provision above mentioned had riot been com* tiled wait, I withheld my signature from them rlieving that it could not then give them the fbree oftaw. These Bills are herewith return ed to the respective Hottaea tn which they originated It is believed that many ol them were nnver re#d s second time, on any previ ous day of the ©©anion. but that, when they rims up in their order feea second reading, the captions or tittoa only, end not the eulirn Bills, were read. The Constitution is inipera f/e ifi.it rpyf rirrfe rW* fWftt !*• Uo M*U, bo read, as well on life second as on the first Os i bird reading. 4f any one reading may he dtspen-od with, nil may; and the Bill, no matter how important, may be passed upon three readings of ha title only, while ita pro* vision* are unknown to utuny of the members of each Mouse.’ 9 HaSIY AND iACO.N.HtIJKRATt LEGISLATION CON- IfB.Mr.ED. TH* numerous examples of hasty and incon siderate legislation, which, we often witness, are tTCOftiiog a amtrec of great detriment to the Stale, and should be discouraged by nil prudent legislator*. On* of the great evils of the age la, that we legfobtle too lunch. As n general rule, the failure of n Bill that has merit in it in leas to be regretted than tire passage of a had law. Wholesome rules of law with Which the people have bonOim* Hfuitliar, should not be changed. tthlo-s for good enuae, alter very mature deliberation. A failure on the part of fHe Legislature |o observe this rule, has involved our law's in much uncertainty and has often kept the people in ignon.nc© ol their trdu meaning. Our legislators have fre quently given to® little attantionto their duiu s curing the eaHiyf part of the session, and have left the greater part of the taurine** of the ads* •U>n to he iriaisvu>it wutilu tf* tom,; Am* nays before adjournment. Menrse, their Jitubifity to gi, io each Important monad re, brought be- Sure them nt the dose of tht* session, the atten tion and deliberation necessary to ita proper disposition. Thu coflsnqueuce has hern, that w have had much Inconsistent and unwifce legislat ion. If we wOnid leflrn wisdom by ex pern-nee we might do much to correct this evil in future. I feel *t my duty to use all the laiirttfl arid power of my position tot hot ehfl I shall not, therefore, hesitate to lay aside and withhold my sanction from all such bills pass ed in the hurry and confusion which usually precede an adjouroßtciit, na fail to command tbeapprtmatioit of my judgment, together with all such a% have not hecu plainly and .-orrcctly •Broiled and signed lV the proper pffioera. Tkivui*i Locau, Imhvuiuai. and Clansi Leo* lar.ATtun. ! would further aiiggcst the propriety of dia* pen*mg wub a grout deal of the trivial, local, pruHicnml viu*>s legislntum which i intro dined into UoM uvery Uencral Assembly, much of which in useless betUtuso it benefits ■o one, and muck ol tt ia unjust and miaohiev ous, because it benetbaa few indivi'luaU at the expense of the uiony. f-et it be rtuiumiberod, that t-ach uselnsa local Act introduced ami passed cumber* the Journal* and the pampk let of Acta. nd that the Statu pay* out of uto* Hey raised from the people b|f taxation, lor over li/tUU Od, in pay of member!*, olfioer# and Other expunsus. A proper nad just regard fur •l onoiny demunds reforiuntioa tn.thi* parttcu liar The same objections that arc upplmnbU: to trivial and local legislation, apply to much of our private or individual and class legisla tjon. with many other object ion* on account of ita injustice and inciptality. It would, in niy opinion, be much better fur the Legisla ture, with few exceptions, to luy down gt-nur •I rules of hw, and let all alike reguluiu their conduct by llmui. Extcumg or the Veto Power. Entertaining thee* view*. I have, during my term i.i office, frequently withheld m\ aam-turn from bill” ofthy chnraetif abovo de aeribed. In *o doing, Ido hot consider that 1 have been warning in rfspaet for the General Assembly. The Constuution tins assigned lo the Governor, u well aa to the General Aa aembly. otih iHI powers and duties, and the peo ple should hold hint responsible Iftr the inde pendent exercise of hie otHHal powers. ■* well as the faithful discharge ol hi* official duties.— Men her House of the General Assembly feel* that it ia wanting in respect fbr the other when it refuses to pass u Bill Which it does n m mu prove, iho'igh it nfny have been* passed by the ottier. The Constiuitiou declares th;it the G<> riKf ‘‘shuji |mvu the revision of nli Bill- Cs*ed by both ifbuaes, hefore (he Mime sliali come laws;” und it only gives to the Gener al Assembly po\tr to pass lawn, 1 notwith- Mandmg hi* dissent” by two-third* of both Mouses, ITihe Governor, therefore.out of respect for the two House*, signs u Bill which his judg ment doe* not approve, he denies lo the peo ple the exercise of that Executive revision, which, under the Constitution, they have u right to demand. n a protection against lutaly or unwise legislation. New Ownmcs. I beg leave to calf th# attention of the Oert •ril ArtfßlWy to otir new county legislate u. Th*re may have existed a necessity, a low year* *IOOO. for Iho creation of several new counties. Sorm- ofthe old ones, whi.'h w ere I'tul oui when tlt populxiiMi wan very *pnr*e, wnreiyntid 10 he too large l*>r convenience when IVey heoanie more densely settled, nnd I egts'iiuve interference became fiiiicm Ihu precedent of forming new oountu** hat been eMsh|is|i<H|, it i* believed it ha* u|> ready hen followed further than the public in Urvn may have required. liiiU lor the or gsmxiumn ot new tuiniie* covunag small •trip* of territory, are new passed. wiiu-h, ten year* i* 1 nee. would have 11*1 with ao favor in the Legislature. Tin- mi hi lari '” tie* a* • n ratio almost doblile that of the number made at each * s-itfo. We now have 1 3J counties • the Mule. The whole* amount ol lux paid into the t*tte Treasury by •wch of n considerable number of our conn tie*, 1* tars, by several hundred dollar*, than the * mount drawn by each of them from the* Treasury mi payment* ol it* member*, ami tor ether u*u*l ami n*. -e*itry purpose*. This tie* luianry Os >evurnl hundred dollar* must, then* fore.be made up to euofi out ol Ux paid l-\ other*. I recommend mi future*, ‘m tt general rule*, to which I tljiuh there Should be lew, ft Ony etoeplionr, thnt no pew count \ be tornu and W llitli doe* OOt embrace Within it* limit* u ter niory at icart a# large * the* average *i*o of the present countie— ve about rednosug the old counties from vt bioh it i* taken, each to ii-Icnn area than that proposed lor the non comti) . anl thnt no fU.h be passed until the Leg islature i* rnt.'iied that the Mute tux to be pnnl by the proposed new county, when formed. wd| be at leuM in die (cut io reimburse the. State fur all money* which *h* will be compelled to j pay from her Treasury on tocottnl of i|h for. matioa , and that each comity fr* iti which ter ritory shnM tinvo been taken to form the new one, will be leit with the like ability. Ram ction or rr. Ni-vint or baxArona and llt-fKKs entsTi v t:s. The further fact that I he number of Senators and lieprescnlHititia 1* increasingwith th# in crease of the number of new counties, u, in my mini!, naw her reason why feWif any other Bew inuoiie* *houUl in loruM-d. Our legisla tive Assembly 1* already much 100 large, ex* pensive and unwieldy. A i?eyfie composed ol on* hundred nnd th.rtv-tw t> members differ* but little from a lliMaaeof Raprcseattuivew. ex cept i* uame. It i ebuoat • impossible for *<# forge u lanly to ruaint.iiu that calm and <1 gut* fied decorum, and to act with that < mine**, deliberation and caution which are mdoptut! •able to the proper discharge of the high func tions Os a Wise mid gravy Senate; which, when properly organised I* justly looked to a* one of the strongest bulwark* ol arepubdeau gov flUMAk I Ifcould, therwfort, moat respectfully but eaffUfsily urge upon your con*ideratioo, the importance ol an early change of tha Conati tut ion, so us to retiucu the on ndicr of Senators mill Hcprcxeniativtrt. I would suggaat that the fcenate he reduced to thirty-three mem bers, which would he an average of one for every fmtf counties; uud tha Honu of Ueprc Auntaiive to due ImndPcd and (idy-two tltern bur*, which would he two to each of twenty counties having the highest representative pupuixiiiou, find one to each of the remaining counties Each oftneSo bodies would then be qn*l large enough for Hie proper disc harge of *ll it* constitutional fundiona. Each county would have a -distinct and separate voice m the House of (leproeeotetivva, the twen ty atrongest having each two Represent** lives, lhe adoption ol this suggestion would then reduce the present number of tten atora and KepreaenUttves, from three him* dred and one, to one hundred and eigiis ty live, lining a reduction of one hundred uud sixteen. Upon the score of juat econo my, this reduction should he made, if the ef licieooy and wisdom ol the General Assembly will be nothing unpaired by it. I>rl u look at the queaiion for a moment, in this light. Kbould the example of the last General Assembly, thfc members of which voted themselves each six dollars per day, be followed hs m precedent, (the propriety of which has been doubted,) those one hundred and sixteen .Senators and licpreaentativc* will, in future, draw from tha Treasury six hundred nd ninety six dollars per day, during the aesaion. It the session continue but forty duys, this wilt amount to $'27,b10 00 each suasion. To tins add f.'il Oil to each, which is nliout the average mileage of a member, and the mileage of the one hundred and sixteen would amount lo s.%£Vri 00; which, added to the per diem pay ns above fixed, makes a total <l $01,430 00, thereby saving to the .Stale, should the proposed reduction he made, that sum, each session of forty days: nhould the SCSMOII he longer, the sum will be greater. But it i believed, now that I lie sessions are annual, that the |>eop!c do not expect them to he protracted be yond forty days, and that no sufficient reason exi-la for so doing, us all the necessary busi ness, with diligent attention during the earlier PhH of Him session, may be dispatched within that time. The almvo stun is now raised an nually by taxation from the people, and ia. in my Ujiiuiun, ill umnnvr wf ihsrt useless—ns the General Assembly, under ita present or/ganuation, is believed to he a less safe and efficient body than it would he if or gnnfxed upon the plan above promised. For the purpose of ascertaining the sense of the people directly u|w>n tin* subject, 1 recom mend that a law be pasacd by the present Leg (stature, authorizing the call ofn convention of the people, to take into consideration the pro priety of the proposed change, or such other ehmvgo as will accomplish the object, together with other necessary alterations of the Consti tution. tttmutd n reasonable reduction he made, the saving of expense at n single ses sion o|*tlp* Legislature would nearly pay the expenses oft he convention. The Legislature, as at present drgurnzed, including per diem and mileage of members, clerk hire, Acc., costs the Si rite about S4,bUO Off for every day it is in <pwritwt. Fat of G'lbu&s and Per Diem of Members Should be Fixed by Law. In thin connection, I will remark that the Rom of clerk hire, alone, has frequently been inusl exorbitant and imreasonnhw. ft is be lie .qd that much of this Unnecessary expense hiiM r©Milied from the prauliee 100 often adop ted by Ui Chief Clerk and Secretary, of em ploy mu M turf,*. Mini.l.Mr ql‘ *U|OPUI. i..r..FM. Luring the m ‘-hiom ,i 1*52. and ISM, the Clerk hire, iu, the House ol Representatives amount ed to $41,410, anil in the .Senate to $7,340, — hrinco then, u law line been passed, limiting the number of clerks to bo employed; and i recommend w further enactment, fixing the pay of enoJi clerk, except two enrolling clerks, ut $1 00 per day, und the enrolling clerk* each nt $5 00 per day. There would be no diffitMil ty in obtaining tho services of any number of dorks needed, at these prices, who nr© quite ns competent a* those heretofore employed Ht six nl seven dollars per dny. The Secretary ofthe Senate and Clerk of the House of Rep resent alive*, during l lie Inst session of Hie Legiduture, (which lusted only thirty-nine day*,) received each aeveu dollars per day, nnd uu additional sum of live hundred dollars, appropriated to each. This Appropriation and per dieiu together union Uteri to nineteen dol lars and uiuety-seven cents, each, per dny, be sides all.the contingent ©.vpennes incident lo the office ot each, which wore nlso paid out of the Treasury. Neither of these officers had, 1 think’, live duys oi Official labor to perform af ter the adjournment of the Legislature. 1 recommend that tho compensation of each of'lhriso officers, be fixed by law; und 1 would suggest that the actual contingent expenses of tins office of each be pnid, and Hint each re ceive not exceeding ten dollars per day for the tiyio ho i* engaged m the duties of his office, mil., .in lurtiiy iUMT'Hiriidhm. -1 Ufa .ttlitliud to leave it, iis heretofore, to le determined by themselves nt each session. On account ofthe laton©** ofthe hour in the an salon when tho bill appropriating money for tlu* support Os the government, is usuuliy pus - ed and presented to tbo Governor lor his *unc* non, he is sometimes left to tho alternative of giving it in* sanction whnn n contains items of appropriation, which are, in his judgment, unnuceSMsary and exorbitant, and which ho does not approve; or. of vetoing it and calling un extra session of tlm legislature to pass an appropriation bill without thus© items; which would cost a much larger sum than tlm amount comaiiicd in the part* ofthe bill to which he objects. It the compensation of the members and of nil officers of every character connected with the body, worn fixed by law, much of this emj harms*inent would be avoided; as any pro posed cimuge would then bo brought up in a separate bill and acted upon with reference to it* individual merit*. Indeed, propriety would seem to dictate that no appropriation of doubt ful expediency, should be fastened upon the regular appropriation lull, the legitimate object of which is. only to appropriate the several sums of money which m o known to bo nece*’ 1 I *v to support the government. All other proposed Mppr.'pnntious should ho acted upon ‘•*t©iv. feavim each tn stand or fall ou ita ov n tncfit>. rMANOR OF TIIK CoNNITH l! IV In accordance with my I4eouin*oudatinn. n bill |tn**cd each branch oi the (L-nci.u \**eio bly, at its last session, by a < * :i-iitu!<mnl run- j jority, entitled. “ An Act to .-tmiige the Ist I Section ofthe 3d Article of ihe l ‘onstitntion of I tin* State.” The object ofthe proposed amend ! moot i*, to authorixe a change of watte in the > trial of criminal cane*, when, m the opinion of th© presiding Judge, the end* ol ju.-crv may require it; so I hut n defendant indicted for murder or other crime, in one county, may, if the Judge deems it necessary to the ends of justice. (©’ transferred to, and tried tu another county adjoining Hi© one In which the crime i* sdtnripeu to hav been committed. The bill wns p j*erlv enrolled, and \eu* signed by the Spe.i.'ri of the House of-Hepresehtutivus, but was not signed by the IVesideHt of the Senate. A* the Oust it at ton requires that h bill of this (diameter aha II pna*two*uere**i\e legislatures, •*” h by 0 two third majority, he fora it shall become a part of the (\Mi*tttti|ion, nnd nn adi v 1 sity ofomiuoii seem* to exist among mem hors of til* legal onofeichm, ns to the necessity of the signatures of the presiding officers oflhe Legislature during the Session at which the bill w is first pushed, 1 thought it advisable to publish the bill, 11* required by the Conatitu* * n “’ n* its-s nirs iroen lidiiu,) met u nuouiil ft, wrih the ta.-ts. tor your consideration. 1 deem the proposed cliangeof the Constitution an tm* portm.t one, lor the reasons given in my last Annual Message. A*Moment or the Penal Cop*. While u the a abject of criminal law, I do sire to call the intention of the legislature to other chnngea, which 1 deem important. When a defendant, under the present law, is convic tud of n niMio, the punishment of which is dtpuh or pciiMtmiiury imprisonment, and the cn-e is earned to the Supremo Cos 11 cl and the judgment ot the Court below is ulliruied, the defondnut. if ho i* not out on bail, must remain in jail, n charge to the county, until the next term of tin* buponor Court, which is some tout , nearly m uiontlis, before he can be re- Mpideut cd. To avoid tnis-delay of justice and tin* consequent unnecessary expense to the county, m such cases, I would suggest that the law b* m changed ns to authorin'* the ludK** '* the Superior Court, in such cases, to re prhiuiuace **“’ sentence, in vacation at Chambers, upon motion of the Stilieilor tieue rat, Without delaying the execution of the law till the tk*xt regular term ol th* Court; which delay sometimes emibles the guilty to escape, and Wlnuh in alniost every case, impose* a heavy tux upon tlu* county. Ity tlm lttlii scot .oil ol the 1 Ith dtvjxionof the Penal Colo, it is enacted ‘ that any per son a.:must wiium a true bill of iiulicimcut is “mud tin an oiicuce not ellbcting hi* or hor life, may ihunand a trial at the term when the nutlet meat is found, or at the next succeeding term 1 imreafrur, which daninud shall l*e placed upon the Minutes ol the Court, and il such per-on -nail not lm tried at the term when the demand is made, or At the next succeeding term 1 hereafter, PunuM, that at both terms there were juries cmpannelled and qualified to try a null i*fihoner, then he or she shall be absolutely discharged and acquitted of th* of fence charged in the indictment.” The Supreme Court first held that thede- 1 fondant might make th* demand ut any term 1 after th.* liming of tlm hill of indictment 1 They have since held that the demand can on- 1 Jy b* mad* at the term when the utdictmem is 1 found, or at the next ftuceeeding term. For the purpose of making the law more certain, I recommend that this .Section be so amended aa to pencil the defendant to make the de mand ut the term when the bill of indictment ia found and a statement of the came is read in opeß Court by the Solicitor General, >r at (he first or Second term thereafter, or at the third lerrri If the Solicitor fails to read the statemuiii of the case in open Court at the term when (he bill jp found, or to notify the defendant counsel that the bill ha* been found true by the grand jury. And on the other hand, for the piirpima of promoting the end* of justice by securing a.wpcedy trial of offenders, 1 re commend such change in the law m shall com pel defendant* in criminal cases, to come to trial, at furthest, by the second term of the Court after the term at which the bill of indict ment is found, uuleak further time be given by the Court on account of very special Providen tial cause. I’akdomwo Power Luring iny term in office, I have seldom ex ercised the pardoning power. While I admit that there are rare cases, a* in the case of newly discovered evidence after the convic tion, which might reasonably have changed the result, bad it been before the Court on the trial, and a few’ other case*, where the power should le exercised, 1 do not doubt that its ex ercise may lie, and often in, much abused. I have therefore thought it iny duty to exercise H with great caution, believing that it is far better, as a general rule, tor the safety and w elfare of society, that the decisions of the Courts and juries deliberately made, with all the fact* before them, should not be disturbed, f have no sympathy with that sickly sentimen tality, winch alwuya, forgetful of the injuries inflicted upon the Innocent by the guilty crim inal, would in the name of mercy, turn loose upon the community every felon in w'hosc fa vor a sympathetic appeal can be made. I have not only refused the exorcise of the pardoning power—except in a few very special case*, such n* in iny opinion w'ere contemplated by tboae who formed our Constitution—but l have also refused to respite defendant* in cases of muffler, w hen, in my opinion, after an exami nation of the evidence, the finding of the jury, mid the judgment pronounced by the Court, were in conformity to law, and the principles of justice. In such case* my opinion is, that the officer* of Hie law should not be hindered ill its execution ; and 1 have not, therefore, suspended the sentence, nor referred the caae lo your consideration. The Constitution does not say that Hie Governor, iu such cases, shall grant a respite, but only that be may do it. It is evident, therefore, that it is made his du ty to exercise a sound discretion, in determi ning whether or non he case ia properto be re ferred to the decision of the Legislature. PnimnuiT and Btatk Asylum*. For a statement ofthe present condition and management of the Penitentiary, the Lunatic Asylum, the Academy for the Blind and of the Institution for the education of the Deaf aud Dumb, I refer you to the respective reports of the person* in charge oft hose institutions. General Eli McConnell, Principal Keeper of the Penitentiary, in his official capacity, by my inatrnstion, took control of ita repairs ami reconstruction, aa contemplated by the Act of the last Legislature, which appropriated SIK,- 000 for that purpose. He is erecting the build ings with convict labor ; and a* each building ia completed, the value of its construction ih to be estimated by good mechanics, who are disinterested, and the sum awarded by them, it to be paid to him, a* Principal Keeper, fur the use* of the Penitentiary, out of the nppro tirmi-nn Th#* appropriation will noi, nrohn >ly, be sufficient to defray the expenses of the erection of all necessary buildings for work ahon*, dining-room, chapel, extension of cell building, dec. After these shall have been completed, It is important that the walla be re paired and parts of them entirely rebuilt. I therefore recommend an additional appropria tion of to complete the necessary re pairs and reconstruction. W. & A. Railroad For information in reference (o the condi tion, management and iucoine* of the Western und Atlantic Railroad, for the year ending .'MHh September last, you are referred to the report of Dr. John W. Lewis, its very vigilant, effi cient und worthy Superintendent. I iecl that 1 do bur an act of justice when I say, that in my opinion, the State ha* at no time had con nected with the Road, iu any capacity, a more competent, trustworthy und valuable publio servant. It will be seen by reference to hi* report, that the sum of Sl<i,noo in cash ha* been paid into the State Treasury from the not earning* of the Road during the fiscal year ending Itftth Sept. last; and it will be seen by the reports ofthe State Treasurer and Comp troller General, (hat lour hundred umi twenty thoiiNiind dollars have been paid into the trea sury during the fiscal year ending 20th Got. I Sail. The old iron on about 26 iiulea of the track, has, since Ist Jnu. lbfth, been taken up IIUW (lbu r contrartad which are not or.>iupl - ly paid monthly, j| demamled; and no agent appointed or retained in oitw dor.n* * y *n in mist ration, is know u to be a defaulter to tho amount of a single dollar I confess that the amount paid Into the trea sury from the road, during the pal year, has somewhat exceeded my expectations. Fortius 1 atu indebted not only to the Superintendent, but also to the untiring efforts of the honest, industrious,and faithful officers and agent* as sociated with him and under Ins control. It has, 1 think, been clearly shown within the last two years that the road owned and controlled by the State is a productive piece, of property; and with proper management in future. 1 feel safe in the prediction that it will remain so, und that the incomes from it will continue to increase with the increase of pop. ulation, business ami wealth in the country. So long us the road remain* under my con trol, 1 invite strict scrutiny into its manage ment ; for I subscribe fully to the doctriuethnt it is proper to hold public functionaries to rigid accountability. And lam willing that judg ment be pronounced upon my official conduct under the application of this rule. In tho construction of the roud under Stute management, it i* not doubted that there w ere in itinny instances 100 lavish an expenditure of the public money, and that it cost u much larger sum than it should have cost. lam not prepared, on that account, however, to admit that any good reason exists why a Slate may not manage a great public work of this charnc ter with u* much honesty, economy and sue : “as a corporation. To accomplish this nb • j 1 * i only necessary that the officer having I the appointing (lower, select agent* who are • ipetent,honestodfaithful; that he lay down *trict rules for the government of their conduct; that he give so much of his individual attention to the work as will enablehim to know wheth er <r not those rules are violated ; and, in ev ery case w here he discovers he has been de ceivod in the selection of a proper agent, or where an agent has palpably violated the rules laid down tor his government, that he hnvethe moral firmness and nerve, w'ithout regard to per*ounl <-ouiderationx, to apply the corrective, by a prompt removal. The observance oft hose rules is, iu my opinion, a duty ofthe appointing power, from which he should never shrink.— M he performs this duty he can seldom fail of success Regarding it as u matter of interest, I have endeavored, at tlm expense of considerable labor, to asoertain the original cost of the State lloud; but I find it impossible, for the reason* given in the able and very valuable report of Ccit. P. Tliweatt, Comptroller(leueral, who ha* also given much attention to this subject to arm-put u conclusion with entire accuracy.— It is believed that the report of Mr. Garnett, then Chief Engineer, made in ISI7, of the amount expended at that time, ia about cor rect He estimates the whole cost to the date ot his report, ut 53,306*100 S3. Since that time there has been appropriated to the construc tion of the road, it* equipment, Arc., in cash, nnd m the bonds of the Stule, the huiu of sl. ISd.JM 97. Add these sums together, and w e Have $4,441,539 15, hn the total amount appro priated by the Legislature, and paid out ofthe State Treasury tor the construction nnd equip ment of the road. This in my opinion, is a very near approximation to correctness. 1 am aware that seme persons, in accounting for the gross incomes ofthe road siuce its com pletion, have charged large auiouuts of these in comes to construction. These sums were. I think, generally more properly chargeable to re pair*. .to., than to original construction. As an instance, the Ktnwah bridge was burned doom some year* after the road had been in operation, and it became necessary to build u new one. The cost of Eliia could not pro parly hs charged to origi nal construction, but wa*. 1 think, psoperly chargeable to repairs on account of easualitv. A portion of the irou originally laid down on the track, became so much worn as to be unsafe, and it was necessary to procure and lav down new iron in it* place. The cost of this also wa* property chargeable to to original construction. If a Depot building was auffloient, when the road wa* completed, to aconmrm.date all who had business at the place, but which af terwards, on account of the deoay of the structure or increase of business at the locution, was found to insufficient, and it became necessary to build anew one. its cost could not justlv be charged to original construction. \V nhout multiplying instances of thin kind, 1 conclude that as soon as the Legislature ap propriated n sufficient sum to complete the road, and to place upon it the superstructure and machinery necessary to the transuotion of the business offered by the country to th© road, the original construction account was At an end, and that all such enlargement of buildings, reconstruction of bridges, renewals of super structure, ropnirt of trnck, tot, toe., •• wtr# afterwards required for the safety of trnspor tation and travel over the road, or for the no* corurnodatioir of incre*ed btisine *, is properly chargeable t<> xpeu*e of keeping up the road, and not to ox Dense of building and putting it in 19 operation. Had the road remained unpro ductive to the treasury lor a quarter ol a cen* on account of bad <Tops, caHunltie* from fire or flood, commercial pressure, bad man agement, or from any other cause, it eoulfel only have been evidence that tlm < ritual investment was an unfortunate one for the timo ; but surely the repairs made and all the Ml.lies’ losses during that time, could not, tu justice to llie officer* afterward* iu charge of the road, be properly chargeable to original cb*t in calculating the per cent, which the road might afterward* pay upon the original investment. Estimating the original cost, therefore, at $4,441,5.'12 15, (lie road during the past fiscal year, (uudmu ‘2oth October lust) hu - paid into (he treasury of the State nearly nine aud a half per cent upon the original invost* ment. And it should nol be forgotten in this connection, that it wa* built at a time when railnnuling w-uh not well understood, and that it wa* built as a public work, nt . cost greatly more than would have been expended is it* construction, even ai that time, by a prrate company. Had lbs same economy been wcd which i usually practiced by private < ompanie*, the whole cost of the road would not probably have exceeded, if it even had amounted to SG.ODO,- 000. The an si paid into the Treasury during the past year ht fourteen percent upon that hiiD’ In comparing the present management of the road wit L Company management,-it is cert ain IJ just to the prenent officers, who did not build It, to, count the per cent Upon such sum only as the road should reasonably have cost bad ft been built by n Company, and not upon such sura u It may have cost it odor the extravagant -v-'-m which is sometimes practiced in tin- original construction of publjo works (IxoaotA Military Institute. It is to bo regretted that tho Georgia Military Institute at Marietta has not been a* prosperous the last year as Its frierrdi hod anticipated. This may bo the result chiefly of our do foe live legisla tion for its government. An at present organized, it i* under the control und Management of a Hi: perintundont, a Board ofTriwfo* * ;i-*d •• ** mid of Visitors, whose powers, r lively, are not well defined. In this conflict ol jui imhct.on, that de cision and dispatch is wonting which i* absolute ly necessary iu maintaining government iu tho Institute. The consequence has been th*; number of Cadet* is gmally diminished, and the character of the Institute has suflorud in public estimation. At the end of the last term, Col. A. V. Brum by, the late able Superintendent, and Cupt. Mc- Connell, late Commandant, resigned their respec tive offices ; and Maj. \V. F. Capers, who ha* for a nutub* rof years held a similar position in our sister Htate of South Carolina, ha* boon elected Huperin tendon t, and Capt. W. J. M< (Jill, of Char leston, han been elected Commandant. These gentlemen have both acnepted, *rd are how at. their respective posts, giving, h* fur ui 1 can learn general satisfaction. It is to be hopud. that with necessary legislation for the govcriimemc of tho Institute, they may soon be able to restore it in publio confidence uud raise it to a high state of prosperity. Maj. Cnperi yielded reluctantly to the call of the authorities ofthe Institute, and only upon the guurenty given by the joint Board of Trustees and Visitors that hid salary should be made secure. The position which he resigned in Charleston was paying him ii“ large ;t ilnry m ho is promised in thii Suite, and it w.is there f cured by the State. I therefore recommend that th* is* at ■ 9 uttf 1 , i I I -of the Superintendent, and that this be an an nual appropriation for that purpose till tho in come* ofthe lufetifutc become sufficient to defray all its expenses and pay the salaries of all Ith Professors. Bv a joint resolution ofthe last General As soniDly the Governor, in connection with tho Board of Trustees, was authorised and empower ed, (should they deem it necessary for the welfare of the Institution,) to employ an additional Pr • feasor for the saiuc. By virtue ol this authority they engaged the services of tho Rev. .John W. Baker, but uii account of (lie reduction of the Cadets occurring soon after bis ap pointment, and tho consequent diminution ofthe incomes of tho institute, no hn - not received his salary. As he wa* employed by authority of the legislature, good faith requires that a sum suffi cient to pay his salary for the timo be ha* served lie apppropriated. At their last joint mooting, the Board of Tro - • tees and the Board of Visitors, utter mnch delib eration. agreed upon a bill to be laid before the legislature, proposing *uch changes in tho Irvv for the future govcrVmieut ofthe Institute as ex perience bus shown to be uecessary. Amongofft er things it is proposed to abolish both the old Boards, and to substitute iu their place n single Board, to be charged with tlis entire govornment of tho Institute. It is also proposed fr connect tho Institute with, and make Ha part of tho Mili tary organization of tho State, and tu giro o< tv.o 1 " 1 • Hn- ■|Bmtt, l j..unii wi uxai-ife- Tills, itf* wftwvsii, will eeepre root* strict military government, which l* considered indlapensibly nuc-*ury to it ftitccegs and ura> I'utncsM of the Institute. | therefore re-qwclfully recommend the passage of the, hill proposed by the joint Boards. Ml I.ITA II v SVSrSM- VOLl.vrssß IOKVI. For tho purpo*o of giving now life, und energy to ur military system, which is uuw almost cu tirely neglaotud, the importance of affording to a portion of the youth of our Strtto a thorough mil itary education, cannot bo too highly appreciated. Tho people of many of tho State* of this Fniou Aro falling behind most of the civilised nation* of tho earth in military training. Within the but t wunty years the more powerful nations of Europe have probably advanced more in military scienco and skill, and in all the arts of war, than they bad daring any previous century. It is believed that no one will doubt the correotne** of this re mark who has observed attentively tho late struggles between tho contending power* in (he Crimea and in Ituly. There is nut a more brave and patriotic people ou earth than thoao of the United States; and there is probably no uation whose militia in so re liable ou tho field of battle, yet in this day of con stant oiivaacement in military science, tiiowj who depend alone upon patriotism aud valor enter the field, oven in their owu defence-, under great dis advantage. {Should our couuiry be iuvaded by any of the great powers ofthe other hemisphere, our people would be found at the eomnieimintut of the struggle to bo almost destitute of mili'iU training. Until this deficiency could bo supplied they might bo unable to contend with tho discip linod troops id’a regular army, without great loss of life arid muuh detriment to our uatioual char acter. TUer ia probably no Stato in the Union, oor taiuly not ouo of tbo obi thirteen, in which mill tary training i* more ueglcetod than in our own. We know not how aoon wo may bo brought to the practical teat of defending ourselves against tbo assaults of foreign ambition, or the more unnatu ral attack)) of those who ought to b* our brethren, bnt whose fanaticism la prompting them to a course which ia daily weakening the Uv* that bind us together as one people. The father of his coun try has adinonithod us to prepare sos wnr iu linn of peace. If we would profit by his advice it is necessary that we reorganiseeur military system. I do not hesitate to say, that the State should of fer every reasonable inducement for the orgnui. satiou uud training of volunteer military < • rps, as the best and most efficient mode of reviv in ii,e military spirit among our people. This cannot he done until she bus made provision for armiiu: Mich companies. At present, the only provbi n for fhis purpose. i the distribution of the sunwl quo ta of arms which the State receives annually from the General Government, and which U wholly in •<ls((ii>ihi to the dviuamt. the cons. ,u< n i-, that many of our volunteer companies are * in out urin*. while many others would bo o*;.iiuml were 1t known that they could he supplied wish suitable arins. Frequent applications are in.M.i to this Depart ment lor arms with a view to the o.ga i uth nos new volunteer companies ; uud when thiwa who’ apply arc informed that they cannot bo supplied, till further attempt to organl/o Hitch companies arc abandoned. Fur the purpose of encouraging the organisa-’ tion el Nlnhet corps, In wii military eerviee other than that performed by volunteer corps, be suspended, except in case of insurrection ur invasion; and that a commutation tax Ihj assessed and collected, from each person of twenty one years of age. or upwards, who is aubicct io military duty in the State, and who is net a member of an organ lied volunteer corps which drilled at least onoo a mouth throughout the year, preceding the collection of the tax.— This tax should bo large enough t<. raise a smu sufficient to arm the eutirc volunteer force of tie Slate, with the latest and most approved style of arms. As soon as a sufficient -urn shall bo col lected in this way, 1 recommend, us a means of procuring the contemplated arms, that it be ex ponded iu the erection at some suitable location iu the State, of a Stato Foundcry, for the manu facture of arms and other munitions of war. This would make the Stato much more independent in case of emergency. The God of Nature has sup plied us, iu rich profusion, with all the materials necessary to the accomplishment of this pur pose. If ample provision were inaiio for arming onr volunteers, they would exhibit much military pride ; and the young gontlemen educated at our Stale Military Institute, would, in all probability, be elected to the command of many of the compa nies, who would bring into practical operation, iu training our militiu, 1 id skUl which they have acquired at the Institute, lu cose of war, we could then bring into the field a largo force of well trained volunteers, cemmnndcd by officers of thorough military education, who would in almost every esse, be natives of our soil. Our untrained militia, if ©ailed into the field, with uk a forte and tack vfflceri M their head, w VU Id { a t m*e become infused with tld£military spirit. , ami soon with much of the mil*fwr> skill, of tlu volunteers sod would uonsfttme Wib them an in ylpeibUt f>) ■ •oniric a'l'Hm* oi tiij; -a A|h. Jrovi#ion wa- iff;*de by ih* lq*t flffpetal \ MMnblv for tho oodiffoatiun yf the InW* of tbir Uta'c. n-l Hon. 11. V. Johnson, Iverson L. Harris kutd Uavid Rwin, were ©lectori Commissioners to pjPfoj-iu thfft important service. The two lurmet d*eti„ -d lom cept b ofspolatteent. ‘Apo statute provides that any vacancy whi.di may *.ccur among tloj Commis*i , *nol , i*. shall be flllou by the next Oobernl Assembly. To prevent n fuilure ol tb eoamlasHß). sod the defeat of th© object had iu view by the !>ai*latnre, I proroodbd at once, in accordance ai'n ihe fewer vi-*sd m inoby th* C-meHtutioo, to flit said vac*ap|es. till <h next [ snssUin ofthe General A*rct||fi| by the appoint- H.ontof non. T. K. n. ’ .blfiwd Hun. Richard U. Clark. These accepted tho ap pointmoat, and, in oJinieclion with Judge Irwin, have been prosecuting tbc work hitherto with great energy. It is not doubted that, this work, when coin pie led, will eon tribute much to systematize and situ plify our law*, which will enable the people much more readily to comprehend their true rn* Hiring. The time allowed tho OomtiriASlonor# by the stat ute within which to tin tab the entire work, is only twenty months. I think it hardly possible for thorn u* complete the work within that period, with that care and accuracy which are iudipen aiblc to it* contemplated utefolness. I would, therefore, recotniuowd un extension oi the time to two year*, aud that the compensation alhiwetl each CoißTOJsioer bo fixed at thr<. thousand dollars per annum, wbilo engaged tu th work. As b will bo proper that a ycry plain and legi bl©-copy of tho entire cod**) as finally agreed upon by the CormniAzfoncrs, should be prepared in manuscript, to I>© Ik id licforo each House of the General'Assembly, and if adopted by tbout, that a copy bi filed in tho office of the Secretary of Statu, a* au entire Act, it w considered indi*- risible (bat the Commissioners have a dork t.u do this clerical loiter. I therefor© appointed B, B. BeGraffisircid, of this ci*v, wiio is eminent ly qualified, as citrk t . Uio Colu: •? 11 * loners. I rucomuisnd that su* ii sum ho appropriated to him, anaualiy, whi j engaged in that capacity, as Will amply eompe .sate him for bis services. I would al*o ittgge*- • the propriety of fcppr -pristing to each of tbs Cb-o#*•**•*•**-* **-•! portion oi'hl salary may be rcusooahlu, to b© paid at f-ucb i times, wbilo e.nga r od in tho work, as tho Gci vrsi AsaotuJJy shell dv ignate. Cobb's Statutes axd Fousts. Bye joint resolution of the last G©**'ral A ?fcUtb!y, it was mad.3 my duty to i<* , tl;re< Commissioners t* extuuinu ih© manuscript of the proposed new work of Hon, iiowuii Cobb, ot Hsitston, which is an enlargement and improvo meuiof bfe Analysis and Forms; and in the event of a favorably report by th© Comainsion era. it waa also ra id© toy duty to subacrib© for such number of copies for tbe.St.it© ns should) In my judgment, bo necessary. On receiving from ttjo Commi-sioncri a very favorable report of ri e work, I subscribed, in behalf of the ri'.ate, for 3,000 u<<|ri©?*,t five dollars j*.*r copy. For the purpose of facilitating the sariy completion util distribution of the work duiong the counties, I advanced to Col. Cobb, in Hcorda* 4 •* with th spirit of th© resolution, SJ,Ot)O, from tiio coutht gout fund, in part puyuivnt. Tho books have been received at tho Library : and uh many of tlrnru may bo necessary will be *listributtri diuo/ig lb© uounXlen, with the laws and journals of the present evasion. Tho work is ably and faithfully executed,"bud does mneb credit to its distinguished author. It is expected that the remaining $12,000, do© on (inscription, wril b© appropriate*! at your p.sxont n. Weights and Muu’in-.s. An appropriation of SIO,OOO wu* made at tb© j isst session, for the purpj-i; of supplying all the j counties not thru supplied aitb standard weights j iwul measures. Slmti after tho clnxo of tfa sts sion, 1’ ©mixed circulars to t addressed to the Clerks of the Superior Conrts of tho several cnoß ties, informing them of the feet of such eppro ! priation, and requesting each to report t. me j whether hit* connty was xuppliod with these stan < r ar<l? ; and for:her notifying each, that bin coun ty would be considered as supplied unless ho fur imbed th© information. In reply, 1 in lorn atlon of the deficiencies whh h existed in 118 counties. From the remaining 10 count in no reply wax received, and l wu* loft to presume that each of tho latter wav folly supplied. 1 hare irinoe c.ui- dto .... i„ cmi ; • each county brhoa© clerk informed tuu of any de ficiency, tint siHUdurd weights and tgeasr(!i which wore considered litres ary. If tho .supply needed by any county ha* hot been shipped |.< its ucureot railroad tijqpot, tho faul t n o w irii its own officer who failed to forni ui it;iurination of it* necessities. I have also caused to lie deposited in tb© h’fofo Arsenal at thi* place, 27 seta of standards similar to those iurniehed th© ©miutiea above mentioned, which are subject to tho future diroc* tiMoflbu I c..; i.ijtlure. _ r-TT KY j i hvHo ri^bjUuu l ts” ‘nfiT doubled that thov supervision of Ifol John T. Hialth, of that city, who'wa* formally u Secretary ir 11>* Depart ment. €KN 9 BH OP 1655. ! Io accordance with the requirement* of the I Constitution, sbe hi*f legislator.* made provision for taking the Slate Consul this year, which has | boon done: and it will become your duly to make the septennial apportionment of members among j tbo respective comalice, in proportion to their re j spetdive population. LißHtnv. I Fur several years past, an annual appropria tion has been made, of SI,OOO, to imaxu-a the State Library. It should he the pride of tteorgia to supply hcreelf with a library as extensive ami j valuable as that possessed by any other State in ! theUiuou; and I trust her Representatives wUI i continue tu provide fur i's annual increase. Tl. Library i- t prtKnt kqi( in one of (V j rooms o! the Capitol, which in entirely tdo sniull j *'•* the purpose. Many valunblo books and docu- I merits, tor want of room iu the Library are now ! kept in the basement rooms of the State House, where, on account of the dnn>pnw of the rooms! | they are much injured. Itln rcfbro recommend j that an appropriation of $10,01)1, r mi h other ’ sum a * m *y ho necessary, be imJ to build a fire j proof brick building ou tbcpnVh ‘round cum of tho >tato House, to boused for t. j luroose of . j Library. I aixKaai.ocic.4x AKD oeoi.i,*ual arnrsr. In the event of a miueralqgical and geological survey of t>io Stare, one of the room* in the pro- IMised building might bo uei as JV Cabinet lor tbo depmU ot valuable specimens of ores, fossils, 1 *l'* Q| d doubt that such a survey would bring to light immense wealth, which , s now j buried in the bosom of our Stale, I therefore re new the recommendation uia*lo in my measago to thw l£#t Legislature, that provision bo made by tbo State lbr such a survey. BOPITUARV UXS nsi WUBX OBOROIA AND FLORIDA I am informed that tbo last Legislature of Florida agreed to the prepositions contained in lire joint resolutions passed by tbo Legislature of this State at it* resafeu of 1847, for the settlement ■ t the boundary hue Utween these States, upon tbo b*. is agreed up*>n by tho Ut KxeeuUves ol tao two states. ‘1 bo Governor of Florida, being desirous that the line between the terminal point* which have been agreed upon bu ro-surwyjd. as contemplated by 0e joint resolution of the Leg. UUtnres of tho two states, hu appointed B. 1\ IVhltom, >. Surveyor ... Ho ... Klo.i da; sud I hvo appointed Prof. Orr, of Emory College, a* Surveyor on the part of Georgia, who will proceed soon to run-tuc line, and thus tcr mianto, I trust, all further misuuderatandior be tween the two St* e*. iu reference to this vexed q tile lion. 1 rrouiuincml th* p M s-g of an Art amliori,. itt-f tbo Governor, so soon as the survey i* com pb*> and. to draw hi* warrant upoy tho Treasury lor *u :i sum as will compensate Professor Orr! for hi* services. f ATLAXTJt AND um.r aAII.RUAn. 1 ■* n May last, 1 visited th Atiautic A Uulf Railroad, and l take great pleasure in ,-aviug | that I consider it u oxo .dlcut r-cid. * v far m'u 1* completed, reflecting great credit upon the aide, • energetic and efficient officer* who have had th# work in charge, and upon foe trustworthy and in • telllgont hoard of directors who haw the super vision and direction of its affairs. While tbs work Moeui* to have been fuitbiully dons, uiv opinion K that those having the control, have permitted no Wasteful* or extravagant expenditure of the Mato s money. 1 11 common with the clUsoni of (leorgia, I deeply regret the death of Dr. Jam s I*. tb rsven, the late able and um iring President \ of this road. It is said, that in his extraordinary I efforts to push forward toils completion this great thoroughfare, w hich is to give new life and ‘ energy to a large and very interesting section of j onr btate, h contracted the disease which teraii- ; natod hisyaluablel ife. The work, when com-! plated, will stand us a well descried monument to hi* memory. Th Hoard of Directors, since | the date of my last Message, have ccniflH to me 1 ns tho statute require#, that the second, third aud bnrih instalments, of sixty thousand dollars 1 icb, have been paid in by tho private stockhold er*. on their subscription, 1 have, in each caae if uod fifty Ihousaud dollar* ofthe .Mates b .I,’ is tho stalute directs, and delivered fbem to the • 'tpany. at par, as the Stats** Installments dim ipouher Stock. The whole amount of bonds is siad to this time, on account of the road, is j wM.OOfi, for which the State holds that amount o'stock in the eotapany. Tho Di root or* having J tely notified me that the fifth installment of $.0,000 has been lately paid in by tho private f ockholders, I have prepared *511,000 more of i L, bonds, which are uw ready for delivery, and vill bo deuiauded in a few days. STATE Air. In my annual message to the last Legislature, . gave st as my opiaiou, that it would b# good polity for ibtbtote to lead her credit te aid ut h© cou*t ruction of such other railroads as may be necoioiry to the mor© full duveiopibent of her v*a*t res *ur*x, provulvt “he b mad© perfectly sty -nd doubt, against ultimate loss. I ■ ill •ut rtaitt tb same opinion. In lending hi t .i bhi the of a road, I only propox* t Uni the Stat*’ indorse tbobondf ofthe compiny, niter :vr*-aio.iablc proportion of ihe road is fir>t ■ inplotC't, for a uui sufficient to purchase tin; iron to .complete tho rest, as last as tho company, ntYtsTO it expense, shall have first graded tbe to i l and laid down all th© timber* and supor •trncturo, tefflf for the iron. Fir th© purpose of securing tbe State against 10.->, on account of till? liberality, I propost that she take and retain a mortgage or statutory lion upon tho entire road, a* well tb© part completed before her liberality wjs incurred a.t the part completed afterwards, with all tbe superstructure, rolling ;-t>ck, fixtures, franchises, and appurteo o!:■- <d tiv*'r>’ üboriuiter belonging lo th© com j rt.jy, with ill© right to sell the whole, after sixty oraincty days adverti-’ moat, whenever th© com pany fniU to meet and promptly pay any install ment of interest or principal due on said bonds. And shou'id any purlieu of th© State's liberality remain unextinguishod, after tb© eoloof the road, I propose that tb© whole deficiency, whatever may b tb© amount, be divided among the sol vent stockholders, in proportion to the number of share,- owned by eorli, and that th© Comptroller General, undor an order from the Governor, ia sue execution immediately agaiut ©aoh, for his proportion of tho deficiency, lo be levied aud col- I tic Led l*y the Sheriff of the county in which the defendant r sides, or of any c*iunty in which ho may have property. This would, in my opinion, in.ibe the State amply secure. Indeed, it is not probable that she would ever have to call upon the stockholders to ruake up a deficiency, after the •ale of a road ; as it is not reasonable to suppose that any company of sensible men. simply hc tii© (State would agree to indof'c, their bunds under tbe very binding reetrict’.uoa above proposed, for a sum sufficient ’ purchase tbe lai . r pari sf the iron, wo*-’ ever invest their capital in grading an* ..adding a road which w-.td.l be of to littl'j value, when completed, that t he whole rad, and all its spparteoonces, ioclud ’.ng tbe iron upon the entire track, and all tbe rolling stuck, would not bring, if sold, a sum suf fi- ient to p iy for only tho part of tho iron for the price of whih the State would be liable. Capiulfois do not usually invest their money whore they not only expect no dividends or in •omc. but the loss of tb© principal, with an ulri mar© liability so future a<lditiunal loss? conse quently, it is not reasonable to suppose that tbe .-if.ockboidors in any ootnpi*ny, under tbe propos ed plan, would undertake to build a road, and r©- •eivi; the State’s aid by the indorsement of their bqudx, utries* they were satisfied that the road wa? n p.ririie nccesity, and that the stock, after Ho road should be completed, would pay reason able dividends. The law, if passed, should be a general one, giving to ©very company in tbe State, engaged in the construction of a railroad, the sam© aid, • object to the same liability. It may be objec ted, that th© terms upon which it is proposed to graut tb© aid are so oftevoustbot no prudent oom p:iny w..uld avail themselves of its benefits, and that no encouragement would bo given by th© pryp'.sc i plsn to the development of tb© resour ce .if thu State ; and it may be asked, what arc t ’in advantage* of State aid, under this plan? To this it. tuny be replied, that th© company, with the State's indorsement upon its bonds, can sell them at par in tbe market, and thereby av© it •eif from the ruinous loss winch it would have to bear, should it be compelled, by its necessities, as such companies often are, to expose its bonds in tho market, without such indorsement, for tbe purpose of raising money to complete its road. Many companies, vbu;h aro now doiog a pros i/o-i..- -?. wnne t .nuraciiMg metr roads, were compelled to ©oil their bonds ut sixty oou > iu the dollar, to raise money with wbteh to com plete them. Had tbe bonds of any gtic-h com pany bad th© proposed indorsement, they would have com to* <>ri**d par In tbe market, and thus over efto-third of tic cost of construction wotrid have been >av and to tbe company. As an illus trati- u, suppose U will cost sriffo,ouu to build a road between two given points, snd the road, if built, would be ot touch public utility, and do much to develop© tbe resources of an interesting section of the State, and a .■•olvcßt company, without the cash at present, undertakes to bund ! it upon credit, by the -alw of its bonds, as such roads are often built, the bond* must be offered in tbe market, and will bring only six'y cents in the dollar. It will cost sl f oou,t>ofi of bonds to raise the s6oo,Odd in ea*h. When due, these bonds must b© redeemed by th© company at par. it will, therefore, coat the company $1,000,Out) to build th© read. But. suppose tbe Slat© indorses the bond* ; they w'll then bring par; ami sfi(H),- tuo* of the bonds will bring £606,000 in ahb. i he compuny, in that ca*, would have butsUiOO,- 000 of bonds to redeem ; com*©*jOently, it would coat them only s<loo,ooo to build tho road. Tbe 8!ato’? Indorsement would, therefore, h© worth $400,000 to the company. The is:.u© would re main perfectly recur**, and have her resources greatly developed, and the lands of her citizens WtArtWriCmw?*;.’ nSToily gat© ivi'aitb of the pcoplo but the amount of ’ ‘ wituAuf “tlic'cadorsement of th© State tbe road would not probably be built. Before *L. ■ mparty would urnfortake so burid it, tbe Stoek iiobi ra- prudent men, would calculate th per | cent; it w * ld probably pay in dividend* after j it* eotnploUoD: and they bright be satisfied that it would pay eight j.or cent upon tbe ooet, if it could bo built for $900,000, and be willing iri that case to incar the liability proceed with the work. Should it, however, cost $1,000,006 to build tho same road, it could then pay in divi dends from tbe same amount of business, but lit tle over half of eight per cent, and in that rasa, ihnr would rofuse So inoor the liability or to pro cc*l with tho work. Consequently, tbe road would not lo built ; tho resource* of tho section would not be developed ; the price of lands would nut be ratted, and the amount ©f tux paid iuto tb© Treasury would not be increased. Hence, I conclude that it wdl be a wise policy on tbe part j of tho State to grant tbe aid upon those terms, that no prndoot eompany will receive it unnl the stockholders arc satisfied that the road will pay W ! > n completed, and that tbe aid will be very valuable to a eompany engaged in building such a road. It ia sometime# said that in justice to the rail r >d eompanio# already in existence, the State *h‘>uld not aid or encourage the building of other r.cid* which may come in competition with those now io operation. Some of these companies are now making very large profits, and while I de sire to so them prosper, and would not wish to soy their dividend* reduced below a point where thy stock would be reasonably profitable, no mat- , f. r how much other interest* might be thereby promoted, I am unwilling that such sections of th State a* are without railroads should b do nied their benefit# on the gruund that tho large iuo.-mcs of some of the woalthy companies now in exi.-tence, might bo reduced by giviug these section* an opportunity to participate in the ad vantages which would result to th m from the construction of other roads. Indeed, I eutertain no doubt tb it the interest of people requires !ll *t the numtftr of roads bi iu Teased till no one •ball a have monopoly of the business of soy very Urge portion of the State, provided that each shall bo loft with sufficieut huaiucas to make atock reasonably remunerative. The greater the competition betweeu tho roads the lower will be the freight and faro, and the bettor for the in terest of those b. travel and ship freight over tncui. ben there is no competition, for Lbe par- P t,M of accumulating larger incomes, the- freights ro usually placed by the Company t a very high figure, and the shipper must bear the Jos*. Again. 1 deny that any Company ha# a right to complain that Injustice h .s Icon done it by the S’.utc, should she permit or encourage the building of such road* as the interest of her people iu different sections require, which do not m liny manner violate the chartered rights of •Muh company. Most of our railroad charter* contain guaranties to the respective companies, that uo lateral road shall he built within a certain number of miles of the read of the company to which the guaranty is given : say twenty miles, us an instance. These corporations claim that the charter i* a contract between the State and j the company, and they ding with tenacity to l eVwc J chartered right given them by tbiscon tiact, uud exercise it, if profitable, no matter , how onerous its exercise bv them may be to other interest* in the State. They shoaU therefore be content with the contract; and should not be I heard to complain when the State exercises t rights reserved by her when she granted u> them their charter*. The State, in the case above sup posed, a* an instance, when she granted the char- I nr. gnarantied to the ctmpany au exclusive I right over a drip of her territory forty miles wide. With this guaranty they were content, I Hooeptod the charter, invested their money, and | baHt the road. The interest of a large number i ol pers. ns outside of the limits embraced in the : larnnty probably afterwards require* that they have a road ; the State encourages itseonstrue- I It-n : and it is built. What injustice is dune to i the first company and how have they been de- I calved * They have the full measure of their rights, and the full benefits of what they insist upon a* their contract. It ia true, they nay not Lavs so larga a mouopoly as thev ’desire, but they have nil they contracted for. while another portion of the rotate it developed, and 1 the people have the hedetit* of low freights re- 1 suiting from tho competition. t The Mate has taken stock in two railroad companies l oppose this policy, and do not think she should he a partner with her citi zens in such ad enterprise. Mv opinion is that ,b "M bv, 00 inter.,, in any property oicr which sho has not the entire control. Ry j endorsing the bonds of the company, with am ple sc entity, she cotnplicatos herself with none of its private luftungtmcnt or affairs. BANK AND BANKING. By the second section of the Act of 22d De cember, 1857, usually known as the bank Act, it is enacted that ‘ when any bank or banks now in corporated or which may hereafter be tneorpora- Hi \u this btate, shall refuse or fail to pay spteie for any of it* bills, notes or drafts, <*r ether wri ting for which they may be bound, when demon ded by any individual or individuals, shall be li able to suit thereon iu any,of the Court* of law oi equity in this htate, and such Individual or in dividual.-, in addition to tbe principal of said notes and tbe lawful intercut thereon, ahull receive ten per cent, damage* for *ueh refusal or failure upon the amount no refused or failgd to be redeemed in specie : and it shall be the fluty of all juries, in snob canes, to find a verdict in lever of the plaint iff against such bank, or hauks, for tho prin cipal, interest and damages,” Ae. For the purpose of protecting the people ot the State as far * possible against tb© evils of Bank *-u*peniou in tuture, and of restraining the banks from such reckless and extravagant speculation and over issues a* usauly lead ta auspeusion. I recommend that the above recited law bo*o chan ged a* to make it the duty of tbe jury, in every auob ease a* that mentioned in the statute,to find for the plaini iff the principal and interest du# up on each bank note, or other obligation winch the bank ha* refused to redeem in specie on demand, with twenty five per cent damages; the Interest to be computed from tbe time of the refusal to re deem the note in specie when presented ; sod that tbe plantiff H© entitled to judgment at the first form of tbe Court. I also reuotmneud, that th© penal code of this State be so changed as to declare that a future ftOHpcnsion of specie payment, by any bank in this State, -hall ba adjudged as conelusive evidence of fraud on the perl of the President and direc tors of such bank; aud that the same lie declared to be a high mi.-do mean or; and punished by con finement and hard labor iu tbe Penitentiary of this State, for a term not less than five, nor more than ten yoars ; and that vhe Urand Jurors of each county io this Slate, in which a bank is lo ci, ed. Khali, at the opening of each term of the Court, in addition to the oath now preserib©*! by law, further swear that they will dilligantly in quire, and true presentment make of all oases of bank suspension which have occurred in theconn ty rftneo tb© last form of the Court; and in case any Grand Jury shall present any bank ss hav ing suspended npecie payment, that it shall be the duty of the Solicitor General forthwith to make out bills of indictmed against the Presi dent and Directors of such bank. In my message to the Inst Legislature; I expressed the opinion, that in view of all tbe impurleetions and abuoe* of our present banking -ysieiu, we should do all in our power to briug about its complete reforms tien ; and if this be not possiblo, that we should sbandou it entirely. I onoeider that tbe people of Georgia have endorsed this opinion ; and I respectfully urge upon their representatives the eoaciuientof such law* as will carry it into prac tical effect. Tha liability of tha bonks sod bonk officer*, should bo made so stringent aa to deter them in future from trifling with the rights ofthe people, for the purpose of ndvanoiug their own interest and thsirown speculation*. •DUCATION. The loot Legislature, by iu liberal enactments and enlightened views upon tha subject of Com mon School Education, not only rendered the gut* a most valuable service aud entitled itself to the thanks of the whole people, but set an ex ample of liberality in favor of education whiuh cha!lodges tbe approbation and deserve* the imi tation ot all its successors. It Is true, tbe Com mon gahool System adopted, was not perfect, nor wa* this to have been expected. So great a work must ba progressive and a suoocssiou of wise en actments, , uidvd by the light of experience, can alone perfeot it. But tbe lost Legislature did take s most important step in the right direction. It laid broad and deep the foundation of a system upon which, if its successors are equally wise, a most beautiful and perfect it rn ©lure in all its mag mficcot and symmetrical proportions, will soon 0e reared. Iu addition to tbe sum heretofore appropriated aud distributed annually for education, it made an annual appropriation of SIOO,OOO, to be paid oat of the net proceeds of the W. A A. Road ; uud provided that tbe School fund should befur ther increased, annually, a* fast ns tha public debt is decreased;and that theiuterest heretofore paid to the State's *■ red!tors, shall in future as fast as the debt ia paid, be added to the School fund, and distributed for educational purpose*. Thu SIOO,OOO appropriation was made uuder the- supposition that the net incomes of the State II a l would nol exceed $'500,000, per snuuiu.— As before slated, the Hoad has during its last fiscal year, paid iuto tbo Treasury of tbe State $402,000, clear of all necessary expenses and re pair.h. Estimating the future incomes from tbe Road at a like -urn per annum. I*ee no just reason why tb© annual appropriation for school purposes, may noth© safoly increased to slot),lK>, exclusive of the iatercst on tho old fund, aud the interests on the bonds which are to b© issued for educational purposes ns the gtate debt i* paid. I earnestly recommend tiris increase of foO.OOA, per annum, in tb© annual appropriation. If this be made, the amount foe distribution, uextycar. from the £tat* Trca-ury for Educational purposes, wUI he nearly $260,000. DRPOftlt WITH U.vftfc oft opdool Act of last year authorized me to ilopoeit tbe School Fund, aud other surplus funds iu the Treasury, with any of tbe banks of Au guste or Savannah, at interest, upon tho best terms 1 could make with th©banks. Under thisautbor uy, 1 wu* able, ou th© 14th day of January last, so deposit th© sum of sJofi,ooo with the Bank of Savannah ; for which it gave it* obligation to pay interest u Q the amount, at tho rate of seven per • cat. per annum, till the third Monday iu the I present momb, which is the* time fixed by the i ‘tatute for tbo distribution of thefuud among the j counties. Tbe iutorest to be received from tbe I a U k will be nearly $6,065, which wiU be added ;to tbe amount to be dutrihuted. together with (•ome SIO,OOO of surplus in the trcacurr. As an inducement to tbe bank to toko the SIOO,OOO, on there term*. I agreed to give it tho benefit of the other deposits of the .State, for wbich it furnish es the Treasurer, without premium, ell the Nor thern Exchange needed in payment of the inter est ou the dublio debt, Ac. Juatioe to the Bank of Savannah requires mo to slate, that it has been prompt aud liberal in the discharge of its obli g.ttions to the Slate; and tha* I was fully con vinced, alter a correspondence with several other banks in the cities of Augusta and Savannah, iu reference to this deposit, that the BankofSaven nnh was disposed to act a more liberal part to wards tbe Slate, for tbe increase of the School Fund, then any other bank with which I corres ponded Upon tbe subject. It was the first to obey the law, and to make its returns as required by tbe Act of 1667. I consider it not only a solvent institution, but as prompt and reliable as any bank in the State. SCHOOL COMWISSIaVIMta. The second Section of the School Act of 1858 imposes upon the Grand Jury and ordinary of each county, the duty of devising a plan for the advancement of education iu the county, and gives them absolute control over the application ofthe fund. Ibis portion of tbe law would seem to require Amendment. The appropriate duties ot th* Grand Jury connected wub tbe Court, usually re quire their entire time, while in ncssion, and they cannot, in connection with their other duties,gira to ibis subject tbe attention which its importance demands. I therefore recommend such ebaugs in the law os w 11 transfer this jurisdiction to an in tetiigi-nt Board of School Commissioners, to be chorea annually by tbe Justices of tbe Inferior Court and Ordinary of each county. Af FEMMESI>ENT Or EDCCATION AMD ORMSARIBA. The School fund of each county ia now paid •by the Treasurer of the State to the Ordinary of the c nnty, who is nnder bond for its proper ap ultutttion mid faithful di*buraemeut. The sum li w annually distributed is large, and there is no provision of law whieh requires each Ordinary to report to the Governor or the Legislature, or to any authority at the Capitol, how be has disposed of the funds in his bunds. To prevent any mis application of this fund, and for the purpose of holding all persona who have control of the pub lic money to n strict accountability, 1 recommend tho appointment, ia such mode a* may be thought beat, of a Superintendent of Education for the state.who shall keep hi* office in the State Houae nnd to whom every Ordinary in the State shall make annually a full and complete report of the disbursement of the School fuuds which he has received from the Treasury, accompanied by the necessary receipts and vouchers, to be recorded in tho office of the Superintendent, in a book or book*, to be kept by him for that purpose, with power in the Superintendent to call any Ordina ry in the state to aceonnt, at any time; and in case any one shall be found in default, to issue execution immediately against *uoh Ordinary and bis sureties, for the sum for which he may • be so in •tatanlt.with 20 per cent, upon the amount till the same be paid. Common prudence would 1 ?ccm to dictate this necessary sate guard, where ; so large an amount of public money is distribu- 1 tod among so numerous a class of persons. MOD* or AB< EKTAIXIMU THE Xf-MIRR OP CHIL- ‘ drex. j The statute makes it the duty of the Receiver id lax Returns, and the Grand Jnry, in each county, to asoertain the number of children be tween the ages of eight and eighteen. It la be lieved that this has not been so successful in practice as the old laws upon the subject of enu meration of the poor children, which made it the duty of the Justices ofthe Peace in their respec tive Militia Districts, to ascertain the number under the su|ervieion and oontrol of the Ordina ry. SCBSTITVTtoR or NEW STATE BONDS FOB OLDoNES I have found it impossible te call in all the bonds of the State in tha hands of her creditors, as contemplated by the ninth section of the School Act. and to issue to the creditors in lieu of them, other bonds falling due in equal annuel installments, till the whole debt is extinguished. The bondholder* arc under no obligation to re turn their bonds and reeeive others of like amount tailing dne at different times: and many of them refuse to do so. 9100,547 50 or dondb and Tnt*rest notTddd, AND $50,500 or BONDS DPI, PAID. There being a Urge unexpended bslanoe ia the Irniury, after pro'l4kg fer.ull lsgal ippropfr ations,including interest upon tbe publio debt, and fifty thousand five hundred dollars of the bonds which fell due during the year, with a view to carry into effect, as far as possible,the ob jeots ofthe act. I ordered the treasurer to givenotioe iu the public gaxettes, that he would redeem, at par, at the Treasury, or in Augusta or Savannah, tbo bonds of the State not yet due. After several month* *>f ad* ertisement, he wo* able to flud only $00,200 of bond* noi due, which the holder* were willing to part with at par. These he redeemed, together with $1,207 bit of interest which had ae crued upon thorn, which was not yet due. $1M),000 w EDUCATIONAL BONDS ISBVED As directed by the statute, 1 hare issued upon the redemption of'these bonds, sliO,oOd of new bonds, dated tbc first day of thi* month, due twenty years after datc,boaring six per cent inter est, payable aunualiy. These bonds are payble to the Secretary of Stale, a© the trustee of the Educational Fund of Georgia, and are deposited iu hi* office; the interest upon which will, in fu ture,tie distributed annually as part of the Sehool Fund. DPTT Ol‘ OBDirtARIBC. The seventh Section of the School Aet, author iso* the Governor, before drawing his warraut up on the Treasury lor the amount of tbe school fund to which oach county is entitled, to direct Bach Ordinary to furnish him with the number of children in his county between the ages of eight and eighteen—the number taught the elementary brauchesofan English education, the number taught the higher branches of education, and tha rates of tuition in tbe elementary branches, and in tb© higher * brooches, and all other facts and statistics which the Govornor may require said Ordinaries to obtain and return, und which may be deemed useful in aid of future legislation. Eudcr this section, I ososod circulars to be addressed to all the Ordinaries of this State call ing on them to furnish such facts aud s atistics aa in my opinion might be useful in aid of future legislation. Some have, however, made very im perfect returns; and some hare made none. It may become my duty to withhold the fund from the couuties whose Ordinaries are in default, till they shall have made their returns. In such case, I shall not fail to make known to the peo ple of th© connty the reason why tbe fond is with bold, and giv© them an opportunity, at the bal lot box, to hold tho proper officer it sponsible.— The Ordinary in each county be* power to with hold th© fund from the teachers till they furnish him with th© necesaa ry in formation. Tbla will, no doubt be sufficient penalty to enforce perform ance of duty on their part. SCHOOL STATISTICS. Thus far return* have only been received from 102 counties. These returns contain much valu able ia formation. 1 have had them arrange*! in astatifttical table, which is in this office, aud will be at all times subject to the .inspection of Mem bers of tbe Legudatur©. So soon as the ries of tbe other counties shall have made their return*, the table will be printed, if desired by the General Assembly. The returns t'r**m those 102 counties, furnish tbe following among other interesfing foots. Whole number of children between ihe egos of * and 1b—107.026. Num ber batwv-tu 4 aud IH taught iu 1860—67,166; to tal of all persouo taught. 70,022; of these 46,000 are males and 24,622 are tamale*- Whole num her of males laugh: us the elemental v branches, 20,236, number ol females, 22,681. \\ ho!© oum bei of male* taught the higher branches, B.US2, females 7,612. Average tuition, pier annum, in th© elementary branches, sl6 50, in tbe higher branches, $26 60. Whole number of school hous es, 1775: number of schools, 1777. Number of Methodist Male College*, 4. in which there hare hw*n iMwgkt ifoS pupils ; M©<b*"Jit tCmnl© C - l©g©*, 4, pupils 524; Baptist Male Colleges, 3, pupil* 207, Bapiiftt Feiuale College* 4, pupils, 322; Presbyterian Male College I, pupils 07, Presbyterian Female College* 3, pupils 325; Col leges and High sjchoofe nut sectarian—tnafe 16, pupils 773, iemai© 16. pupils 1222; number of Aomlemie.s 57. Gut ofthe 102 counties 00 have appointed boards to ©xnmtne teachers, and 1207 teachers have passed n examination. The Or dinariv* of only 40 of the ouuuti©* of this State have given bond* ©a required by the statute for the proper di*bur*euteot of the school fund. The iuiaiuing 8:*. have not yet .-oiaplkd with the law. in this particular, uud will not he ©untied to draw rh© fund until tnvy shall have given Loud, &* directed by the ©taret**. For the benefit of their eonstituents, I shall have (be uam©* of the del au I tor* published soon. < MOOL TAX UOM.S.OTM) BY COCNTUtS. It further appears by these returns, that the proper authorities of only 84 of the 102 conn tics have levied and oUected each a county tax tu Ini added tu (Iw Hi-koul fund oi the county. The counties of Clarke end Effingham, have each as sessed fifty jwr cent upon the Slate tax for School purpose* Fhis ia the nig be# i per een|. levied by any enuuty The county of Morriwetker only assessed 6 rwr cent, upou her Stair, ‘fa* which is per cent, levied by any one of the 84 counties. The aggregate amount raised by tha 84 counties fur school purpose*, is $G4,fMt7, An eacu of quite a number of the counties, which draws its just proportion of thi amount distribu ted from the State Treasury, refuse* to raise any additional sum by taxation, I rccomtnf ,, d ucli change in ;h* law a# will authorise the Governor to withhold from each county iu the State, after this year, it* proportion of the State fund, till its proper authorise* ‘-hall have levied and col lected a tax of at least 2u per cent upon the Slate tax, to be added to the amouut which it receives from the State for educational purpose*. Many of the counties would no doubt raise over 2i pet oetit, • Kinder of elwios. It each county ehollld asset)* and collect but 24 per <>6lll, this would amowwt to about *100,066; which, added to the S3M,IHTO di.-:ributed Iriiui the Treasury, should the annual appropriation be inerciuwd as above recommendod, would increase the amount of public money to be expended next year for edu cation, which sum weald be still fur tber increased annually from the interest on the bond* to be issued upon the payment of the pub lic debt. This S3OMOO annually would be equiv alent to six per cent upon a school fund offftOVO -000, a fund of which any State might justly be proud. Even this, howeve , would only be throe fourths of the annual net incomes to the Treasu ury from the State Road. Probably no State in the Union is now in a condition to do so much fur the advancement of eduraution, with so little of the burden* of taxation to her people. The in come from her public property, if wisely ex|end *d, will enable her to build up a magoificeut school fund, while her people pay a smaller tax than the people ol any State in the Union. The past year ha* been one of prosperity, du ring which our kind Heavenly Father has be stowed rich blessings upon the people of onr no- L l * ‘ Vi,h bwaru full of gratitude lot us humbly invoke his aid in all our deliberations for the publie good. JOSEPH E. BROWN ’ TRIAL OP Tu* i Harper’s Ferry Insurgents. > imnl fIW Bo.lun chmi for Bruit n TrUI •iJtriia Krwß-roßilßoiiwi urikc Tcstlmonj, di , THIRD DAY. ! Cook arrived at Cbarlestewn yesterday morn i iug. He says that if Brown bad takeu bis ad vice in relation *o mounting the men. a forre one j thousand strong could not have takeu them. li says that Fred. Douglass acted the coward, a* he promised tu he there in person. There is great rejoicing at Charlestown at the arrest of Cook. George H. Hoyt, Esq., of Boston, arrived at ; Charlestown yesterday, to act as counsel for Brown. vrocsbdimoi or rux cuter . Th * C<M ‘* *t 11 O'clock. Brown was led , over from the Jail, walking very feebly, and laid down on tbecoL Senator Mason entered the Court with Mr. Hoyt, the rowaael from Boston. The jury was then called, and Mr. Butts an nonneed the arrival of Mr. Hoyt, who had came to assist th# counsel for Brown. Mr. Hoyt then took the customary oath. The testimony was then resumed, Conductor Phelp* being recalled. Col. Washington was also recalled to the stand. He said negotiations were opening with Brown for the release of prisoner* before the goueral Hr ing commenced on Monday. Does not know whether all the prisoners signed the propositfon for a suspension ol'firing. In the opening negotiations Browu frequently *ugg*-'U-'<l that the pris ners should cross the bridge with him to the second osnal, and the look was not to be fired upon uutil they reached that point. None of the prisoners made any ob jection to the proposition. Brown said he was too old a soldier to yield the advantage be possessed in bolding hostage#.— During the day Brown’s son was wounded in the breast—the ball passing around to the side, but he took his weapon again and fired frequently before his sufferings compelled him to retire. Heard Capt. Brown frequently complain of bad faith of people in Kansas on a flag of truce.— Heard him make no threat, or t ren any vindic tiveness, against the people. Mr. Brewer went out and brought in a promise that the people would not fire while negotiations were pend ing. Cannot say that all tha firing of Capt. Brown or bis men was in self-defence; beard Brown give frequent orders *ot to fire on unarmed citi cens; the first firing was against the engine bouse. Brown said the people appeared to pay little regard to tfie lives of the cititens. and w* mast taka th* chances with them. After tha first at tack *n the eugine-house by the murines, there was a general cry of surrender.” One cried surrender, but the others fought on. Brown had a rifle in his hands when he waa struck down by tho marines, and received a cut over the head with a sword by Lieutenant Groan. Mr. Hunter laid before the jury the printed constitution and ordinance of the provisional government, reading the two first clauses of the E reamble, the 7th, 45th, and 48th articles, and riefly summing up the other portions of the con stitution. Sheriff Campbell knows the bsmd-writing tt At Fmobw ; M npirt * letnr sis kte.