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The Gainesville Eagle. Published Every Frida Morning. I? Y J . K . K M!WI N E. Rates of Subscri Hon s • 'ne copy one year ’ One copy six months * ;•. Ona copy three months. 0 ——•— -—?■=- — I EDITORIAL t AGLETS. I it you will hoi 105 to your good I resolutions they *'H bear fruit in ; doe season. Eflh Deacon Richani Smith, of the Gazette, who ought to j&Bl Joists that J o German vote will bolt tie third term, •> y Silver is sold at cue per cent, pre- Jfiium by Macon bankers, and yet Hayes and M . SL'ermau would BBBB UV< ’ the country l lievc it is a bur to the government. NB Mr. Edison’s recent success in de Htolupmg his elect.ic light has had <it" •> • • fit.ct on «t.,ci;. 5 over the courlrj. The light has i^B rt 'Oentiy been tried in several public ..with almost marvelous | i. | iillionaires die the same as pc is- I aiii3 Mr. Alexander Stuart, of New ' who counted his wealth by i briny millions, died on Tuesday bf | /pit week. He was a devoted ] res bjterian, and left princely bequests to she church and its educational in w bitions. I*! * It is stated that when Owens was haranguing a crowd at Bangor, i Mainp, & few days ago, and uttering M manner of profane and foul- Hiuthed billingsgate against Gov. Barcelon ajnl his council, the speak er was vociferously applauded by (several ministers of the gospel pres .< it. i Secretary Sherman, in an inter iew, said that chile he had always | Seen a sincere friend of General P I rant, and had in the main sup- I orted him during his presidency, ( et he is now, as lie was -four years , go, of ths opinion that it is not i ise for General Grant to be a can data for the third term. r - 7 . » Mr. Blaine’s rebellion in Maine i ■ ghinst the legally constituted au j hprities came near culminating in i 'ljkodshed a few days ago, but when Garcelon with firmness a - Ihatethe eonslitiition >-n i “aws would be enforced at all hazards , the rage of the senator and his fol- j lowers began very soon to ooze’out I k at their lingers ends. Bl That was a mortifying sight at j Pg Pittsburg, Pa., a few days ago, when j ■ two ministers, rivals for the pulpit! of the informed Presbyterian church, I . . get in; a fisticuff in which the con- , gregation, taking sides, joined and a free fight followed. Heads were bruised, eyes blackened, arms bro ken, and the church covered with the I debris. Whose virtue does this ex ■bA Ui -' H stated that greenbacks are | already being boaided and that they are thus practically in progress of j withdrawal from circulation, and ; this is given as a. reason why their legal tender quality should be witL- L drawn. This is dbubtlsse a bait to , h gudgeons. have never be- V .ore heard of a paper money so good F that it was necessary to cripple it, to | keep; it in circulation. I Air. George Wm. Curtis expresses B the opinion that the nomination o' B General Grant for a third term B would be inexpedient—in his judg “ inent “the most inexpedient tb:u I could be made, for provoke I t’ujp resistance—passive resistance ;.t L wet—of a large and powerful dais f republicans whose co-operati n -as been demonstrated to be esstn- B, tial to the party’s success n< xt I year.” BP “Senator Bayard is reported ns F exposing the opinion that Grant j J will be unanimously nominated by the republican convention. The 'lepublicar. members of congress are! ’ generally of the opinion that the /early car .ng of the republican con . vention will have the tendency to shorten the present session of con gress. Many of them want io at- convention, and t ! . .• say BAkhy will do ail they cab bring F about an curly a ljotunmeid con -1 g " ■r ♦- F S nator J i.r-< .J' Vii iia, in- F troduccd in the senate an interesting : L memorial from D.uiel B eng hies, of [ Fredericksburg, V rginia. lie in- I forms the country that he it. the in i' veutor of a method of precipitating B rainfall from the cloud realm as an j advance step of mote >rical etgiuecr- B.jvg- His proposition, asset forth in Be memorial, ;s to send into the cloud ■ a number ot sma’, balloons ■ simultaneously, filled with canister, ■ jrpekets, etc., charged u ti. dynamite, I and to explode them w t . magunto- I Cieeuic msirun jit . lv v : ew to ■ ' precipitate rainfall L concussion ■ J hm. caused. His peu t Jn is some- H whac migthy, and c-ntei.'ii ox.gruph- Jr ’ c details ci the innum tra |, e bless- Rfa ings his invention is to bring .upon famdy. He isks tor an ‘ h ; Ah’' The Gainesville Eagle VOL. XIV. I Whal is Money ? 1 Lumpkin C< , Ga., Dec. 27,1879. 1 Editors Eacle—A few days since our attention was called ‘o the fol lowing, which appeared in the North Georgia Anas of November 19th, J which, for condensed absurdity, is B seldom if ever surpassed. One or moro erron ous or false ideas being presented ii every sentence, a few of k -which we d-sire to call the attention I of the read-'rs of the Eagle to. The Argus says “Money >s not the creation of gov ernment. It is the result of labor in the sam way that bacon and cot i ton are, md is of intrinsic value, s There is n-- money but coined metal, i the intrim c value of which consists ■ ! in the labtr consumed in getting it. j Like everj other commodity, its value lessens iu proportion to the cost and extent of iroduction. When a man gives an I igle for an acre of land, he merely eichanges one commodity for . I another Bank bdls and greenbacks : are merely promises to pay, and while so-called, are not strictly and really money." It is wi!h unusual zeal that tho re publican press labors so hard to lead tho people iuto the delusion that money is not the creation of the gov ernment or tho law, but is an element iu nature or the natural world, gov ! erned and controlled by fixed laws of nature, the same as the revolution of the ei.rth, the four seasons or the animal and vegetable kingdoms. If it is not.a ci cation of law, it surely must be the product of nature, and the money in its native or natural ! state unchangeable only in the loca- ( tion where it originally exists, and , afterwards being put into circulation ( as money. If this is the case, we have failed .thus far in life to find any such substance in the state of nature, nor have we been able in any | works cn political economy to find ( any history of such a substance being j i money or having a money power. according to the definition , given by modern lexicographers and the best authors on political econo my, simply a medium of exchange I—a measnre of or a unit of values— j a token of the sovereignty of a gov i ernmi nt—-clothed by law with legal i powers to pay debts (or stop interest i on debts after presentation), without . j regai 1 to the material of which .t is j made or the labor required to pro j duee it. Judge Storey says a debt I may be contracted to b paid in a . i currency of one standard value and ( be. paid in another at maturity, pro vided such currency be the lawful currency of the government at the i I time such debt matures. . We are next told that it has in- j I tn isic value produced by the labor , 1 required to produce it. If govern- | mi nt cannot by law and does not i ! create money, we presume the labor < | to ? 'reduce it is to gather it in a bas- ; ' kit off the money-tree or plant as ( we do apples or tomatoes and tur- ; nips. ( The next absurdity that attracts ( our attention is that money has an ( intrinsic value or that intrinsic value | is a necessary attribute to money. < There are three kinds of values < we shall notice—intrinsic, cemtner- t eial and representative values. In- < trinsic value v.hich money as money, i performing the functions of money, < does not possess is an unchangeable t value—a value that does not under 1 any circumstauce'changc or lluctuate. ( Abundance or scarcity of an article i has no effect on its intrinsic value; i neither does tho amount of labor re- ] quired to produce it. 1 Nothing possesses intrinsic value unless it will prolong life or protect ■ from the elements. Flour, meal and 1 j bacon have intrinsic value, because 1 they will prolong life; wool, cotton, ' leather, etc., have intrinsic value, be- 1 ! cause they protect from the elements. 1 We will suppose there is only ore ! hundred bushels of meal in Tminp- 1 kin county, and no means of obtain ing more. Would that amount sus i tain and prolong the lives of the ; citizens of the county one day longer than, if there would be a million I bushels in the county and more easi ly obtained ? What is true of the i nreal is true of every other article] i possessing intrinsic value. Wo read ilykadmit that tho commercial value would increase just in the raliO of the scarcity or abundance bf tho ar | ticlo. Neither does the amount.of labor required to produce an article affect i tho intrinsic value. If such is the case, in years of great scarcity or i crop failures there would bo no euf ! sering or starvation, as was the ease I during the famine in Ireland in 1847 'or the destruction by grasshoppers in Kansas iive years ago, when a man would spend a season’s work and only harvest a bushel or two of wheat, corn or potatoes; It would I support his family or the community • just as long as if he had produced i an abundant crop, .if the theory is i correct that intrinsic value consists ■ | in the amout of labor consumed in i ! producing it. Commercial value iu ; c» ’uses and decreases according to j the an uut of labor lequiiod to pro- duce it. Representative value is the only value which money does or can possess as money. The amount of or the kind of material of which money is made is fixed by law, which declares that a certain quantity of one kind shall represent a certain value, or that some other kind of material with certain devices, stamps, etc., on it, shall represent a given amount or pay debts or settle a dollar of account. A mav make a pair of boots worth five dollars, which re quires two days’ labor; B*may make a hat worth five dollars, which re quires two days of his labor; these men may exchange products, one representing the same value as the other; C may make a table or bed stead which is worth five dollars, which he wishes to exchange for a pair of boots or a hat, but neither boot-maker nor hatter wants a table or bedstead, and will not exchange with C; but C may seek some other party who is willing to give him a five dollar greenback bill, which the law has declared to represent five dollars or to possess that much rep resentative value, which he may give to A or B in exchange for the pair of boots or the bat. Hence, we see how money has a representative value as well as representing the fact that it is nothing more than a medium of exchange whereby one person can conveniently and rapidly exchange the product of his labor with another for the product of his labor, which really is the only legitimate use for which money is created. The accu mulation of and lending money for. interest, gain or usury is nothing short of robbery, made respectable by the consent of a mercenary clergy and being upheld by a venal press. “There is no money except coined yietal’’ will also be considered as an other absurdity worthy cf notice. Metal of itself is not money, neither does it possess intrinsic value. Nei ther does the fact of it being coined make it money any more than money coined or stamped on paper. Coined metal is only money within the pre scribed limits of the law, as we have already noticed, and is not money outside the jurisdiction of the law under aud by which it is coined. Coined iron would be money and perforin the functions of money just as"•yell as gold or silver if the law making power should so declare. Iron comes nearer or really does possess moro intrinsic value than gold. Gold and silver are only commodities possessing commercial value, nnd have fluctuated as much in the market as other commodities usually 7 do, the relative value having changed frequently since the forma tion of the United States govern ment, and silver passed from being the standard unit of value to not being money at all in amounts more than five dollars. Metals—gold and silver —coined in other countries than the United States is no more money in the United States than is a bushel of wheat, a side of bacon or a box of Havana cigars or a Dottle of French brandy. It all together becomes merchandise. The Argus does not define what particular kind of metal should be coined into mon ey, consequently we will in order to determine have to go to headquar ters from where all hard money men draw their inspiration. 'That will be to John Sherman, his fraudulency Rutherford B Hays, old imbecility (who was elected president but did not have nerve enough to assert his rights and vindicate an outraged peo ple) Samuel J. Tilden, or (the man who killed the Warner silvir bill) Thomas F. Bayard, and Jay Gould’s New York Trihune, which constitute the leadership of the hard money and monopoly party of the country. They all say gold as a money and national bank notes for a medium of exchange, which ft -carried into effect would very soon bankrupt ninety per cent, of the business men and make paupers and serfs of the laboring men and mechanics of the country. “Bank bills and greenbacks are only promises to nay and not mon ey.’’ To this we say .greenbacks are money between man and man, and I have beeu so treated by the courts, i state and federal, and it is within the power of the law and law-making power to create and issue a lull legal tender absolute money and pay off the last untaxed interest bearing U. S. bond in existence. The only correct statement in the above quoted extract is that bank notes are not money. Neither are they. They never have been and nearer ought to be. A bank of issue should no moro be tolerated in a government than gambling dens or houses of prostitution in a village town or city. Yours truly, Verdant. ♦ ♦ The New York ladies are again in the field against tho practice of ten dering spirituous liquors to their gentleman visitors on New Year’s Day. In addition to signing formal pledges to use their influence every way against it, there will be a series of conferences this week, with a view of bringing about some kind of or ganization, with a view of making their work more effective. GAINESVILLE, GA., FRIDAY MORNING. JANUARY 2, 1880. The Impeachment Trial. It is too late to discuss the im peachment of Treasurer Renfroe, but the following from a recent number of the Georgia Advocate contains so much of truth and is so much to the point that we reproduce it: Here we tread upon political tor pedoes and approach the salients of all the devilment and mischief that frowned from the battlements of the political legislative summer resort. In common with all the people we concurred in the “investigation’’; movement, and applauded the zeal,’ the industry aud patriotism that un earthed the frauds in the wild land office and brought its chief to puijish ment; and when the cry came forth that there was official “crookedness’’ in all the departments of state, we as heartily united with the resporse of the people for a thorough search from* the base to the dome of the capitol. Every chief was placed under the ban of suspicion, not excepting the governor himself, and there were »C - ators and representatives ready and eager to accuse and give out to the country that grave irregularities ex isted in all the departments, and that the officials whom the people had honored and trusted were guilty of high crimes and misdemeanors. Every consideration of public pol icy and every principle of public jus tice demanded the most searching investigations of these whisperings of malfeasance and speculation, and we willingly drifted with tho popular current that clamored for the truth in each particular case; but we were as innocent as the people of any pur pose to build a hobby for the dema gogue, and as ignorant as they of the political chicane that was grooming the hobby and training the jockeys Honest men everywhere spoke out, and the legislature was assured that the people would cheerfully pay for the music if knaves should be made to dance, but honest men at no time proposed to punish the innocent, and the people did not suppose they were engaging in a crusade against the democratic party. It was due to the besmirched offi- I cials that the people’s representatives I should fairly and honestly investigate 1 the charges that foul slander had I whispered into the public ear, and i the good name of the state, the fair i fame of the democratic party and the highest interest' of the people de- ' manded the most rigid scrutiny of all questioned conduct. If there was guilt, justice could be satisfied with nothing short of com plete exposure and prompt punish- ; meat, while on the contrary vindica tion was demanded with equal em phasis, where proof of guilt was ; wanting, and where fidelity to public trusts should be fairly established. Tho people did not cl mor for a : victim, but for’ justice. Georgia , sought not to ruin and disgrace her honored sons, but to protect her own , interests —to ascertain if her aflairs < were being faithfully administered — and to punish only when official cor- ' ruption should be made to appear by i proof and conviction under the forms ! prescribed by the constitution and i the laws. 1 The voice of the people was mis- 1 taken for the clang of revolution, ' and “down with the administration!” 1 became the slogan of the demagogue I the war hoop of the fledgling com- i bination, the vaudou refrain of the 1 ring turn-popadiddle-boodle of the independents. All the elements opposed to the organized democratic party cohered for a common purpose, and that to i break down the democratic adminis tration and so cripple the party as to secure its defeat in 1880. Very 1 many good and true democrats were ; caught in the s..are—honest, upright i men, whose aim was to purify the i civil service, to subserve the state’s < best interest, and to purge the party i of all Achans that should be found i with contraband valuables in their 1 possession; and some of them had ' conscientious convictions iu the Ren- < iioe trial that could uot yield to the 1 potential magnanimity contained in i the two words “reasonable doubt.” < Renfroe was acquitted by a consti- i tutional court, and constitutional I methods, and there his enemies, and ' the enemies of the administration should have allowed all bitterness to subside, and all warfare to cease; but 1 they chose to express their indigna tion, and to censure the seventeen honorable senators who, acting upon the supreme facts that the charge of corruption had not been sustained, and that the interest of the common wealth did not demand his sacrifice, voted for acquittal.. A sort of dema gogical charivari arose in the house aud strange to say the majority in the senate echoed the monstrous an omoly, and put upon record the most unmanly insult and the most contem tible apology that was over admit ted to the the journals of any Ameri can legislative body. ’ It is not our purpose to discuss the question of Renfroe’s guilt or inno cence in this article, but to say, in addition to the foregoing strictures, that from the close of the testimony we have been solemnly convinced that he was justified by precedent, and not condemned by any law, that there was no corruption in his transactions and that Georgia has never had a more faithful or more efficient officer; and to say further that we are profoundly impressed with the belief that the vindictive fight upon him aud the heads of the other departments, after the trial of Gold smith had less of patriotism than personal purpose in it, and that the formation of new political combina tions and party faction antagonistic to the democratic party will at an early day, develop the true inward ness of the mischief. English Cookies. One cup of brown sugar, half cup > of butter, one egg, two tablespoon r fuls sour cream, a little soda, cloves, - cinnamon, nutmeg, make hard : enough with flour to roll uut; cut in thin, cakes. A Terrible Struggle. The following is telegraphed jrom Hunter’s Range, Pennsylvania: About a month ago Miss Alice Corey, of New York City, came to visit her uncle, a German, who owns a small farm in the mountains, six miles northwest of this place. Miss Corey is about sixteen years old, and her parents are well to do. Her un cle has a daughter, Clara, also aged about sixteen years. Her father having but one son, Clara has for years helped to do the work on the farm, and she has become an expert shot with a rifle. She has a mania f .r hunting and she frequently goes into the forest in search of game. A few days ago Clara invited her cousin to accompany her on a hunt ing expedition. They started from the house shortly after breakfast, Alice with a double-barrelled gun mid Clara with a rifle. After scour ing the woods for several hours with out much success they visited “Dark Swamp,” This swamp embraces sev eral hundred acres, is densely wood ed, and bears are frequently seen there. The girls reached the edge of the swamp al noon, and started into the thicket They had gs» e but a short distance when Miss Corey, who was walking a few yard behind her cousin, heard a crackling noise in the bushes a short distance back. Looking around, she saw a large black bear coming towards her. Clara, who had frequently encoun tered these shaggy monsters, called to her frightened cousin to come to her. She then drew her rifle to her shoulder and taking deliberate aim at the animal, awaited until it came within easy range, and then fired. The bear uttered a howl of pain and fell bleeding. As Clara’s rifle was a single-Dffrrelled one, she seized the double-barrelled gun from her cousin and discharged both barrels at the infuriated animal, in the hope of killing it outright. But. with the disappearance of the smoke from the gun, the bear was seen writhing, but not dead. <The brave young woman then approached cautiously to with in reaching distance of the wounded animal, and, taking from a large leather belt encircling her waist a bone handled deer knife, plunged it to the hilt into the bear’s neck. At this moment the dying monster gave a sudden lunge and fastened its sharp claws into the girl’s skirts, pulling her down. Her frightened cousin ran about wildly and screamed at the top of her voice, but as there was no house within two miles, her cries were not heard. She then re turned to where Clara was still strug gling with the, animal. The bear still held the girl in her grasp, but was rapidly growing weaker. The girl was all the time using her knife with good effect She dealt the dying animal blow after blow until it finally released its hold and rolled over dead. Though very much exhausted aud considerably scratched by the bear’s clawc, Clara, with the assistance of her cousin, was soon able to walk. They marked the spot where the dead bear lay, and then returned home. Clara’s father and brother drove to tl'e swamp and brought the bear in, which, when dressed, weighed three hundred and forty pounds. The skin is to be sent to a New York taxidermist to be stuffed, and i‘ will be kept by the young woman as a souvenir of her terrible struggle and fortunate escape. Science, the Fraud. . < Stop this scientific business where < it is, and don’t let it go any further, i It is robbing life of all that is worth i living for. Only a short time ago j one of these scientific joskins anal- f yzed a tear that had trickled down < upon the cheek of a lady who wanted f a new dress, and ne found that it j contained phosphate of lime, chlo- t ride of sodium and water. Ever j since reading that analysis we have 1 lost faith in tears, and no matter 1 what a person is bellering about, we i can only look at the tears as they 1 flow over a beauty’s damask cheek 1 and think of the phosphate of lime, 5 chloride of sodium and water. The t infernal analysis has knocked all the I the poetry of the tears out of us, and i we feel as though we wanted our < money back. If the scientist will re- < fund what he has taken from us, he can have his old analysis. We would like to throw him,.in a corner and jump on him. He has robbed us. 0, give us back them other days, when tears wers tears, and not lime, chloride of sodium and other nau seating drugs. And now another yahoo has been at it, and he states that blushing is caused by the enlargement of the blood vessels, at the intersection of the veins and arteries. There goes another pane of glass mashed ail to ' thunder. Blushing is caused by the enlargement of the blood vessels is it? Well, suppose it is! Couldn’t you have kept it to yourself, you Ethiopian ? Suppose we go to a ball, now, like the ball at Oshkosh week before last, and after dancing a waltz we take occasion to compli ment our fair partner, as any gentle man would if he had any style about him—and we look up into her inno cent hazel eyes and peach complex ion, and what do we see ? We see the blood vessels are enlarging at the intersection of the veins with the arteries. Once we would have no ticed a rosy blush—but not now ! Ah, no; not now! The scientific fiend has got in his work on us; he has accomplished his devilish de signs; and we stand there like a butter that is bargaining for beef, . and notice only the enlargement of ; the blood vessels. Who was the 1 man who first started this thing ■ about blood vessels ? Let him be bunted out; let us know his name and residence, so we can see if we have got a pass on a railroad to the place where he lives. He is doubt 1 less some chemical cuss, that wanted - to get a little free advertising. If , we can find out who he is we will I give him some advertising that shall 1 not cost him a cent. Blood vessels ! By the etherial. Excessive Use of Narcotics. In the increasing use of certain narcotics which are employed to re lieve pain and induce sleep there is, it seems, if we may accept the testi mony of high authorities, good ground for serious apprehension. Dr. Richardson, who had much to do in bringing chloral into general no tice, has recently published in the Contemporary Review an earnest warning against the habitual and careless use of all such medicines. “This growing practice,” he says, re ferring especially to the practice of taking chloral, “is alike injurious to the mental, moral, and purely physi cal life.” He points out in detail the serious consequences of the hab it, and continues: “To my mind, and I wish to be as open to conviction as one can be, I fail to discern a single opening for these lethal agents in the service of mankind, save in the most exceptional conditions of disease, and then only under skilled and thoughtful supervision from hands that know the danger of infusing a false movement and life into so ex quisite an organism as a living, breathing, pulsating, impressiona ble human form." If this warning is needed in England, it is likely, in view of the special liability of our excitable American temperment to excess, to be still more needed here. There ic danger in the habitual use of all stimulants and narcotics. Whoever becomes enslaved to any of them—to alcohol, opium, chloral, absinthe, tobacco, or even, I believe, to tea and coffee—not only suffers from the serious physical derange ments which they directly cause, but also a certain portion of strength and independence of character which it is our chief business here on earth to cultivate. He runs a very great risk of falling into a more or less confirmed condition of mental aber ration ; he forfeits, according to the degree of bis enslavement, his self respect, as well as the respect of other people, and he suffers a degra dation of manhood which renders him less and less capable of the regular and steady exercise of all the higher faculties which belong to a well balanced and faithful life. How Postage Stamps are Made. In printing, steel plates are used, on which iwo hundred stamps are en graved. Two men are kept hard at work covering them with the colored inks and passing them to a man and girl, who are equally busy at print ing them with large rolling hand presses. Three of these little squads are employed all the time, although ten Dresses can be put into use in case of necessity. After the small sheets of paper upon which the two hundred stamps are engraved have dried enough, they are sent into another room and gummed. The gum used for this puspose is a pecu liai’ composition, made of the pow der of dried potatoes, and other veg etables mixed with water, which is better than any material, for in stance, gum arable, wb.ich cracks the paper badly. This paper is also of a peculiar texture, somewhat similar to that used for bank notes After hav ing been again dried, this time put on little racks, which are fanned by steam power, for about an hour, they are put iu between sheets of paste board and pressed in hydraulic presses, capable of applying a weight of two thousand tons. The next thing is to cut the sheets in half; each sheet when cut, of course con tains one hundred stamps. This is done by a girl with a large pair of shears, cutting by hand being pre ferred to that of machinery, which method would destroy too many stamps. They are then passed to two other squads, who, in a many operations, perforate the paper be tween the stamps. Next they are pressed once more, and then labeled' and stowed away in another room, preparatory to being put in mail bags for despatching to fulfil orders. If a single stamp is torn, or in any way mutilated, the whole sheet of one hundred stamps is burned. Five hundred thousand are burned every week from this cause, For the past twenty years not a single sheet has been lost, such care has been taken in counting them. During the pro cess of manufacturing, the sheets are counted eleven times. The Oldest Newspaper. Prof. Morley states that there was no such a thing as a news' aper in ancient times, the first of such product! <n being a custom that pre vailed at Venice in the sixteenth century of reading aloud at a public place a manuscript sheet of news of general interest piepartj by the au thorities, the sum plflby su-h as eared to hear the reading of this document being on%gazetta—a frac tional coin—and hence the name Gazette. The London Builder, how ever, points out that the learned professor seems at the moment to have forgotten that not long after the foundation of Rome the high priest was directed to exhibit to the pubic at frequent intervals the chroni cle (Annales Maximi) he was en joined to keep. This went on until the institution of the Acta Populi Romania Diurna, to which, under Ciesar, were added the Acta Senatus. Under the Emperors, copies of the official Gazette were sent to the provinces, and in Rome its,contents were quickly diffused by pcieoms who made a business of dissemina ting news contained in it. No copy has been preserved, but contempora ry authors refer to it, and occasion ally interpolate extracts. It appears to have contained war news, accounts of gladiatorial contests, popular fes tivities, personal gossip, and, in a word, nearly all that goes to make up a modern newspaper. It also published, probably for payment, ad vertisements of auctions, births, deaths and marriages, etc. Thus, 2,000 years ago there existed an ex act prototype of the modern newspa per. Its spirit “was extinguished in ( that frightful epoc which for centuries saturated the soil of all countries with gore,’’ and it did not revive un til the days of printing- SMALL BITS Os Various Kinds Carelessly Thrown Together. The Griffin News ia seriously al armed at the growth of intemper ance in that city. The Rev. A. Jackson Thomas of St. Louis, has been convicted of dealing in counterfeit coin. Everything has recently advanced in price except liberty, which remains at eternal vigilance with liberal re ductions to the trade. Dan Rice, tho famous circus man, announced last Friday that he had been converted and will at once enter the field as an evangelist. The Bo ton Post says, that Ben Hill contemplates changing his name to Bunker, so as to save cost of a monument when he dies. Notwithstanding the competition of American companies, 400,000 sew ing machines were made in Germany last year, and probably many more have been made this year. ‘•Well, Johnny,” said a fond moth er, “hurry up and say your prayers and get into bed.” “Oh, i’ve fixed that all right. I’ve hired sis to say ’em for ma this week.” Minister Noyes is about to make a trip up the Zvile to brace himself up a bit before coming heme to take part in the presidential campaign. How the ministers of this government do toil! John Sherman causes prompt de nial to be made of the story that he has struck hands with the third-term men to help along the nomination of Grant. Sherman’s bargains are all in his own interest. A Mussulman priest has been sen tenced to death at Constantinople, his offense being assisting to translate the Bible into the Turkish language. The English Ambassador has made a demand for his release, which demand will be supports d by Germany. The Macon and Augusta Railroad is advertised for sale at Augusta on the first Tuesday in March next, to secure the payment of four hundred and odd thousand dollars due \the Georgia Railroad as endorser of ’he bonds of the Macon and Augusta Railroad. The Cuban abolition bill provides for the gradual emancipation of slaves in Cuba, in 188(5, 1887 and 1888, after eight yeaas of provisional servitude under their present mas ters. It is proposed to enact severe statutes against vagrancy, and to extend the jurisdiction of courts martial. A little more than forty years Ago all the table cutlery use 1 in the United Stales came from England. At present, out of an annual consumption of nearly. $3,000,000 worth, England supplies but 8 per cent, and this country not only man ufactures nearly all tha’ is needed at home, but ships large quantities to South America, Australia and Eu rope. The remains of John Randolph, of Roanoke, were removed, last week, from his former estate to Hollywood cemetery Va. The remains were sou ' buried at the depth of eight feet* The coffin contained an oval silver plate, with the inscription: “The Hon. John Randolph, of Roanoke, Virginia. Born June 2, 1773. Died May 24, 1833.” A lawsuit has grown out of t wear ing by telephone in Cincinnati. A young woman employed in the Tele phone Exchange reported that shock ingly profane language had been sent from one of the leading business houses to another. The telephone was at once removed from the house whence came the oaths, and the injured firm have instituted a suit for damages. Major Wade Hampton, son of Gov. Hampton, of South Carolina, died at his residence in Lake Washing ton, Washington county, Miss., on the 22d, of hemorrhage. The sena tor left Washington as soon as he heard the tidings of, the illness, but arrived too late. Major Hampton served with his father all through the war, and was seriously wounded near the close. Hugh McGlinn kept a livery stable in San Francisco, did the hardest *.nd most menial work himself, lived in a loft among the hay, and ate the coarsest food. He was so close ai a bargain when lately brought 10 his deathbed, he refused to employ a physician, except on the condilion of no cure no pay. He left $200,000 to his wife, whom he had many years before turned away because she bought a silk dress, and who after ward earned a living as a domestic servant The Keelejjnoto r is coming to the front again. It consists of a vapor —produced by peculiar machinery— which is superior to gunpowder and far less dangerous. It is capable of condensation by chemical combina tions, and the water produced by con densation has been drank by Keeley’s friends. The process expands water just two hundred and fifty times as much volume as converting it into superheated steam, so that the pres sure that can be obtained is practical ly unlimited. The absconding of a grain specu lator with $200,000 from Evansville, Ind., incites the Courier to say: “In former days, when professional gam biers were permitted to ply their trade on our fine steamboats, it was a common thing to see three part ners against one greenhorn in a four handed game of euchre. The by stander who interfered to prevent the gudgeon irom being robbed of all he hau took his life in his hands, for the gamblers of thos? days were freebooters. The grain gamblers pursue the same course on a larger scale. They are continually combin ing to pluck the flash and conceited contryman ’ zv. i vo r i M i Legal achertisemunts Aiargei R"v per hundred wards or fraction Hiere- ■ tion for the first four insertions, -u-<l m cents for each subsequent inse tion. Transient advertising will be charged fl , for the first, and fifty cents for each • J insertion. Advertisers desiring larger longer fme than one month will loeeivl deduction from regular rates. J All bills due upon the first app.. sran -e <, vertisement, .nd will be preset ed at the of the proprietor. Transient anvertisemei unknown parties must be paid for in advan NO. 1 THE JUN FOB Vggg T-ir Si x will de-.’ with the year INSO in it- own fashion, t. well understood bv everybody 1 nary Ist to December 31st it will fIH - dueled as a uew ■ pipet. writt.-n in lish laag-.ag-, and printed foi th th As a newspaper. The Sun believes in ting all the news of the work promptly, and presenting it in the mos r , intelligible shape 1 ’ - the shape that will enable its n adore to keep well abreast of the a e *>:’l »hc ' unproductive expenditure of time. l£he greatest interest to the greatest numbt'c that is, the law controlling its daily’ up. It now has a circulation iv larger than that of any other newspaper, and corny-: :m is at all times pr-pared to >i>-• * for tii- I • :.efr i : h- !'’vl, eonditmr.- < : lite am’ all wav' ; <s A " - buy and i- id T i<i: S s. an y -ati-Z. - .m- - : . fl| for they kt ep on buying am; ‘ .y ; J In its comments on men and Sun believes that the only guide of poiiej should be common sense, inspired by genu ine American principles and backed by hon- « esty of purpose. For this reason it is, and will continue to be, absolutely independent of party 7 , class, clique, organization, or in terest. It if for all, but of none. Ir will continue to praise what is good and repro bate what is evil, taking care that its lan guage is to the point and plain, beyond tho possibility of being misunderstood. It is uninfluenced by motives that do not appear on the surface; it has no opinions to sell, save those which may be had by any pgr ehaser with two cents. It hates injustice and rascality even more than it hates un necessary words. It abhors frauds, pities fools, and deplores nincompoops of ev.u , species. It will continue throughout the year 1880 to chastise the first class, instruct the second, and discountenance the third. All honest men, with honest convic:ions, whether sound or mistaken, are its fru ad.,. And The Sun makes no bones of tub in. tho truth to its fri-nds and about its iri. uds 1 whenever ofcesion arises for plain speaking. Thes.? are the principles upon which ! m; i Sun w'll he conducted during the coming i year. I • The year 188t\Hiii i o one in which no J patriotic Am ican afford to close L\s jfl eyes to public artairs. Dyis impossible to ’ ■ exaggerate the impori poli. cal events which it has in stere, or tPtSltf 1 of resolute vigilance on the part citizen that desires to preserve tho govern ment that the founders gave us. The de bates and acts of Congress, the utterances of the press, tte exciting contests <T the republican and democratic parties, new nearly equal in strength throughout the I country, the varying drift of public senti ment, will all bear directly ami effect i»-’y upon the twenty-fourth presidential e c tion, to be held in November Four yl .rs ago next November the will of the natl . as expressed at the polls, was thwarted an abominable conspiracy, the promoter.-. and beneficiaries of which still hold tho B office, they stole. Will the crime of 1876 ’ b : repeated in 1880 ? Thq. past decude of years opened with a corrupt, extravagant t > and insolent administration intrenched al Washington. The Sun did somathing tow ard dislodging the gang and breaking its power. The same men are now intriguing to restore their leader and. themselves to places from which they wire driven by *.be indignation of the people. V ill they sue- "-J ceed?' The coming year will bring the an swers to these momentous questions. Tim wfl Sun will be on hand to chronic e the facts as they are developed, and to exhibit them clearly and fearlessly in their t«» expediency aud right. Thus, with a habit of phii sophleal good i humor in looking at the uin r art iirs c> J life, and in great things a- 1 ■ pqr; to maintain the rights of the people and the principles of the constitution against all aggressors, The Sun is prepared to write a truthful, instructive, and at the same time entertain’ug history of ISBO. Our rates of subscription remain un changed. For thj T >aily Sun, a tour-pag- •" sheet of twenty-eight cotam—- the price by mail, post-paid, is 55 cents n uontb, or $6.50 a year; or, including the Sunm-y na- j per, an eight page sheet of fifty-six the price is 65 cents a month, or $7.70 year, postage paid. N The Sunday edition of The Sun is also furnished separately at $1.20 xyear, postage paid. i The price of the Weekly Sun, eight 1 a-<- J fifty six columns, is $1 a year, postage W For clubs of ten sending $lO wc will s< .p fj an extra copy free. Address , L W. ENGLAND, I Publisher of The Sun, New York Cit. / fl d—ci 'Z « PIANOS & fl at’... ■ ’■xt'’- for Jatro.i ; 4- tisement. New plan of selling: No No Commissions ? Instruments shippui direct from Factory to purchasers. MiedV men’s profits saved. Agent’s ra.es fg all. Only house South selling on this plan. PIANOS, 7 oct. $125, 7 A oct $155; Square Grands $227 ORGANS, 9 stops $37; stops s7l; 13 stops, Mirror Top Case, New, handsome, durable. 6 years’ g'’° V tee. 15 days’ test trial. Purebasei-s c/’** from ten leading maJ-ers and , u \ styles. Join this gigantic 4 chasers and secure an instrum sale rates. Special terms to Music ers, Churches and Pastors.,- Address f® Introduction Sale circulars ll LUDDEN A BATES, Swniiah, Va, I dtcpjit _ MILJLINEKY Mis§ Lizzie Carroll desires to announce to her friends and customers that she 1t,4, reconsidered her determination to lerpja Gainesville, and will make it her permanent home. She has ordered and will have ua her shelves next week a splendid stock <1 goods. And on . Wednesday, October the * ■ !~W She will have her I IV’till Os Millinery Goods. Ail beai.tii'ul please the Ladies. Her stock is the she has eves brought to this market. 1; ■ chased very LOW, and she will off 1 J B THE CLINAIU! ATI') O vjE To the ITni.ie I take this returning thanks to my numero'.> for their liberal patronage during my proprietorship of the Newton Hoiw/B Athens. On the 31st of December m. pB prietorship oi the Newton Hous* wi!lc. ;i J id which time 1 will open the Clinaid •! .jB pleasantly located ou Clayton strm • zl the principal business in A: where I hep- and -Tlir® . fo> ions, and the traveling pul.ln p -.v1,. 1 viOtieig Ath.-n-, p to do all 111 rnv po>v< r for the. a. i' < • i.rM Athens, Gu.. Dec. Is7'.>. J. jSES - TREMONT rOll ? Mf-TPAL ‘Lj-M This popular hotel h..s n . >g, fitted, having aecornn. ju -t, , gib sts, and will continue tn •■ , "i