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the Eagfle Eablishing- Company. VOLUME XXXVIII. SHOES! _ We have jui-t received the largest shipment that ever came to Gainesville. Over one hundred caseses of the famous HAMILTON-BROWN SHOES! From a stock of over 6.000 PAIRS. We can fit any foot from AtoE E, and any r C $ r pocketbook from to O — Any and every pair is FULLY GUARANTEED and will wear like FLINT. I *■»* Men’s Shoes in Black and Chocolate, of Russian Calf, Box Calf, Harvard Calf, Cordovan, Kangaroo, Vici Kid, Patent Leather, etc, in I all the latest toes, and any I last from C to G. Women’s Shoes in Lace and Button, Chocolate and I Black, wide and narrow, i heel and spring heel, heavy I and fine, cloth top and kid i top, in the newest toes, I widths from A to E E, any . price from 75c to $3.50. I Good line Ladies’ 1898 Bicycle Boots. Shoes for Boys and Girls : We have them laced, buttoned, chocolate, and heel and spring heel, in the prettiest toes. A big line of Babies’ soft soled Shoes. Men’s and Ladies’ Rubbers and Over-gaiters. Nice and convenient places for trying and fitting shoes. Buttons fastened on our shoes free of charge. R. E. ANDOE & CO., T1 Main St. ‘ Telephone f>. Petition for Incorporation. GEORGIA, Hall County. To the Superior Court of said Comity: The petition of H. T. Martin, A. J. Mundy, and A. I). Candler, all of said State and county, and Harvey Richwine, of the county of Wabash and State of Indiana, shows: 1. That they desire for themselves, their asso ciates, successors and assigns, to be incorpo- I rated under the name .of THE NORTH-EAST GEORGIA FENCING ' COMPANY. 2. The object of this incorporation is the pe cuniary gain of the members thereof, and to 1 carry on the business herein set forth. 3. They desire authority to construct fences, erect the same, manufacture or otherwise pro cure material therefor; to sell such fences, and | the right either to use the same, or to sell to | others the right, in any or all of the counties I hereinafter mentioned; to sunscribe for and own stock in any incorporated company; to borrow and to lend money for the purposes of I their legitimate business; to execute mortgages, trust deeds, and all other instruments incident I to borrowing money; to have and exercise any I and all other powers permitted to corporations I incorporated by the Superior court under the laws of Georgia. 4. The capital stock of said companv shall be ' Twelve Thousand ($12,1X10.00) Dollars" in shares of One Hundred ($100.00) Dollars, each, with power to increase the same, from time to time by vote ot the majority of stock-holders, to any sum not exceeding Fifty Thousand ($50,000.00) Dollars. 5. The principal office of said company shall be in Hall county, Ga.. with authority to estab lish branch offices in such other places as they ' may desire. i 6. The said company shall have power to transact its business as aforesaid, in the follow ing named counties, all within the State of Georgia, to-wit: Hall, Habersham, White, Lumpkin, Franklin, Banks, Dawson. Forsyth, Milton, Gwinnett, Jackson, Madison, Hart, ! Elbert, Lincoln, Wilkes, Oglethorpe, Clarke, Oconee, M alton, Newton, Morgan and Greene. 7. No stockholder shall be liable to the said corporation, or any creditor thereof, for more than the amount of stock actually subscribed by him; and, upon the payment of the total amount ot said subscription by any stockhold er, the liability of such a stockholder to the corporation or its creditors shall cease. 8. Petitioners further desire that this peti tion be tiled, recorded and published as re quired by law, and that they be incorporated tor a period of twenty years’, with privilege of renewal. And your petitioners will ever pray, etc. ESTES A- BOONE, Pet’rs Att’ys. Georgia. Hall County: I. a. R. Smith, Clerk J of the Superior court of said county, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy, from i the tiles of this office, of the application for ' charter tor “The North-East Georgia Fencing ' Company, - ’ Witness my official signature, this 12th dav ! of January. 1898. A. R. SMITH. : Clerk Superior Court Hall County, Ga. i Mixed Books Unmixed E. P. MITCHELL, Expert Accmlant and Auditor. No. 2 State Bank Building. lias had twenty years experience as an expert in examining and audit ing the books of partnerships, banks, ' and mercantile companies, and now I offers his services for opening, clos-■ ing, and untangling books and ac- i counts. RUDY’S PILE SUPPOSITORY is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation. ' or money refunded. 50c per box. Send for list , of testimonials and free sample to MARTIN < RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lancaster, I’a. ; For sale by flrst-ciass druggists everywhere, and in Gainesville, Ga., by Dixon & Co. Dr. <D. A. RYDER, DENTIST, GAINESVILLE, - - - GA. Dental work of all kinds done in a skillful manner. Crown and Bridge work a specialty. i We call special attention to our iLs Shoe Co's. •Own Make* A. K. HAWKES RECEIVED GOLD MEDAL i | JnEL 7 .1 Highest Award DipSama as Honor I for Superior Lons Grinding and Excellency in he Manufacture of Spectacles and Eye Glasses. ! ,old in 11,000 Cities and Towns in the U. S. Most Popular Glasses in the U. S. ESTABLISHED 1870. fl fl II T ? Thi'se Famous Glasses SAUmuH A:..; Never Peopled. Mr. Hawkes has ended his visit here, but has appointed M. C. BROWN & CO. as agents to tit and sell his celebrated Glasses. JOHN MARTIN. NACOOCHEE, GA. REAL Alines and Mining Lands, Farms and Farming Lands, Timber and Wild Lands. SOLID INVESTMENTS AT TEMPTING PRICES. ( Correspondence Invited. M. F. FORTSON. The Jeweler, AND DEALER IN Watches, Clocks, Jewelry. All kinds of repairing done, from the finest to the cheapest, in the lat est styles and in the best workman like manner. I also make a specialty of ordering select, special and fine Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, and Silver and Plated Ware at prices that defy ' competition. All persons wishing anything in this line will save money | by getting my prices before going. elsewhere. LIME! I Cement, Plaster Paris. LARGE SUPPLY always on hand. Can fill orders at short notice. WILL OFFER Special induce ments to those preparing to build. Lime house and office No. 16 Grove St. C. L. DEAL. THE GAINESVILLE EAGLE. A Small Sum of Money- WILL BUY LOTS OF GOODS I £ Turner’s Cash Store. v J ft fl A AAA WORTH OF GOODS TOj ■k/ll 11111 l BE CLOSED OUT atJ vUUiUUU AND BELOW COST. ■ In order to reduce my stock and get ready for the spring trade,i I will offer for next thirty days my entire stock of goods at' a very reduced price. A great many things will be closed out regardless of their former price, and regardless o| what they cost me. For instance: Dress Goods that sold at 75c will be closed out now at 37 t-2c per yard. The 50c. quality will be sold at 25c, and the all wool dress goods that sold at 30c will go now at 15c a yard. Linings, Trimmings, Embroideries, Laces, and all such goods will be closed this sale at and below cost. Now is your chance for a bar gain if you need goods in this line. Corsets at Cost. Dr. Warner’s and the R. &G. Corsets to be closed out in this sale. The regular $1.50 Corset will go now at sl.lO. The $1 quality at 83c. The 75c Corset at 59c, and the 60c quality at 45c. A very gdod corset can be had in this sale at 20c. * ♦ Clothing. $4,000 worth of Men’s, Boys’, and Children’s Suits, and Men’s and Boys’ Pants to be closed out at cost, and a great many odd Coats and Vests' and odd Pants will go in this sab: at less than first cost. , *a If you want a bargain this is the place to find it. , Come and see. ' *» Very respectfully, L West Side Square, - - . GAINESVILLE, GA. f r Fine hand made Harness a specialty. Repairing neatly and qoickly done. Thomas <& Clark. Next door below Post-office, - - - GAINESVILLE, GA. I b&OiJ IGLEHEART BROS., EVANSVILLE. IND. | 1— _ —. [ : 10 ♦ ALL ;; 25 ♦ 50 ♦ DRUGGISTS ( ' ;; ABSOLUTELY GUARAJTEED j>le and booklet free. Ad. STERLING REMI IH < (>.. Chicasro. Montreal. C.in.. nr.Xeir York. 517.1 i c T -p r T Fr-y-rr e urff-rf e»Trqrc><; > Montevallo, i / Corona, Royal. * uUAlli ’ Blacksmith.; I OWD Stove and Fire Wood saved to order. Prompt delivery. Office 91 Main street.- Phone 41. ED. F. LITTLE. Establish 1 - - ——- GAINESVILLE, FEBRUARY 3. 1808. > Thomas & Clark, Manufacturers of and Dealers in HARNESS, SADDLES, WHIPS, ROBES, Blankets and Turf Goods. s See that | this brand | ■ j is on , f 1 j every barrel I I * or sack I of Hour I you buy* I «ORN STALKS FOR CATTLE farmers Urged to Make Use «F '‘©f This Valuable Forage. J[B. NESBITT DISCUSSES MATTER Tn® <'omini<®ionvr of Agriculture Requests ißpeorgla Soil Tillers to Give the New Food Stuff a Trial—As to the Cotton Er Acreage— Work During the Cast Month K Delayed by Bad Weather. * Department of Agriculture, | Atlanta, Feb. 1, 1898. SHREDDED CORN STALKS. ■> Ac a matter of much importance to laraters, I again call their attention to the immense value of the corn stalks usually left standing and wasting in the ■flaljis when they are shredded and used •or forage. I have recently had a cou- Yersatiou with a gentleman who is now aelling all he can make of this forage at 910 a ton in carload lots, and sl2 a ton |n smaller quantities. His experience |s that from 1% to 2% tons of shredded fodder can be made to the acre, accord ing to the size and number of plants, *pd that a large machine will cut each <ay the product from six to 12 acres. BJf course in both cases the amount is by the quality and yield of the corn crop. It has been ascertained that the larger machines accomplish .more profitable and more satisfactory (work than the smaller ones, the stalks "being more thoroughly cut and shredded. ■These machines being portable, if one farmer cannot afford the higher price for the larger machine, a combination of farmers can invest in one and thus by moving from one farm to another the stalks for a neighborhood may be converted into a wholesome and nutri tive food. Or, as suggested before, one man may own such a machine and by Working all farms in reach during the fall and winter the entire crop of corn stalks may be shredded without expense to the owners. A strange proposition, bat nevertheless true, because the toll may be paid in kind, and is taken from an otherwise worthless product. At the experiment station farm the stripped stalks, which had been left standing on the fields until January, were hauled up and shredded. The pro "duot was not only readily eaten by the ■farm animals, but upon analysis was found to contain more nutriment than an equal amount of the cottonseed hulls, now so popular as stock food. The shredded fodder has this additional advantage over the hulls, it is much more by horses and mules, as well as cattle, and there is not the same precaution necessary in feeding it. It is welj known by those who feed cotton? seed hulls tn at there is dagger ftLils be coming compacted, if fed in quantities, and that it is >lwayT?ti?er to mix it with other more cdui&ifitrated food stuffs. ”' 1 ' * The utilization qf sueh a quantity of forage, will finable, us not -md'-b-rftwar-1 farm stock for home use, but will give an impetus to stock raising for export. There is a growing demand from the west for southern cattle, and with this enormous addition to our food stuffs, a comparatively large number of beeves may be successfully raised to meet this market without drawing too heavily upon the other resources of the farm. Thus will be opened a new source of income for the south and also the foundation be laid for a direct exportation to Europe of thousands of southern raised beeves. We have every advantage of climate and transporta tion, and once the. business gets a firm foothold, we can scarcely compute its benefits to the south. Our superior situ ation and environment will give us an immense leverage over our western com petitors. This plan of shredding and utilizing the otherwise useless corn stalks is growing in favor each day and the time is coming when the shredded fodder will be as much an article of commerce as the popular cottonseed hulls, once considered equally worth less. THE COTTON ACREAGE. We have no new arguments to offer on this subject on which hangs the pros perity, not of the farmers only, but of the whole south, and we may say, of the couatry at large. In the successful and profitable handling and marketing of our cotton crop by farmers, buyers, manufacturers and others we include a very large per cent of our national pop ulation, and therefore the decision of the farmers as to how much cotton they will undertake to raise in ’9B is a mat ter of almost as much importance to the whole country as to themselves. This decision to some extent affects present conditions also, for as soon as it becomes known that a large crop is to be planted, the price either continues depressed or falls lower; whereas, if a reduced area is decided on, prices and the general cotton trade show a favorable tendency. In our inquiry columns are some very pertinent questions as to the cotton sit uation and the conditions of supply and demand. We have endeavored to an swer them fully and clearly, and to em {ihasize what we have so often repeated n these columns, that the farmers, in dividually, must control this matter. No convention or set of resolutions, however intelligent the former, or forci ble the latter, seem powerful enough to cope with it Each farmer must study the question for himself and must de cide, not how much cotton he can raise, but how much he can raise profitably. When this is done, and when each man sets aside a sufficient area for abundant home supplies it will be found that a reduction of the cotton area is a fore gone conclusion. Profitable cotton pro duction hinges on home supplies and by that term we do not mean plain bread and meat, but plenty of poultry, eggs, milk,butter, fruit and vegetables as well. In our climate all can be produced at little cost and in greatest abundance. But If a man overburdens himself with an expensive cotton crop he has no time to attend to these socalied minor crops and when the cotton is gathered and sold ten chances to one he will have no money to buy necessary food, much less the articles of comfort, and even luxury, which he could have produced en his farm at a scarcely appreciable cost. Our past experience has made these facts plain, but rhe certainty of a cash market for cotton, and the uncer tainty of being able to sell a surplus of any other crop, has tempted the large body of farmers to continue to plant big ißiver Ills ® biliousness, dyspepsia, headache, consti |B gi. sour stomach, indigestion are promptly mby Hood's Pills. They do their work hoods easily and thoroughly. ® S fl Best after dinner pills. Egg 25 cents. All druggists. B fl fl fl by I. Hood & Co., Lowell. Ma«s. LfrJ.l. JU’ill to take with Hood's Sarsaparilla. Lils to take W. crops cn cotton, anu to case tne cnanees of selling them for enough to buy needed supplies, implements, etc. The cheapness at which we can produce all food crops should forever set at rest this question of home supplies. Our mistaken policy on this point and the crowding of the cotton marker has re duced our income from that source mil lions and millions of dollars, and when to this is added short food supplies our condition is deplorable indeed. WORK FOR THE MONTH. Bad weather has somewhat delayed farm work, although in many sections farmers have taken advantage of the bright days to push forward prepara tions for another crop. February is the i best average month for sowing spring oats. If the soil is thin make it rich by manures or fertilizers. Oats will not do well on poor land any more than other crops, but, with the same care aud plant food that we give other crops, they often make far better returns, and there is no better stock food known to south ern farmers. Whenever the ground is dry enough the regular field plowing should go on. Don’t plow waen the land is too wet. This is a mistake which it often requires years to repair. Use a subsoiler wherever possible, its good effects will be noticeable when our long summer drouth sets in. Clover and grass may be sown. Both require thorough preparation and high ma nuring. In the southern part of the state all the earlier vegetables may be planted, and it is in this month that the general Irish potato crop is planted. For various reasons the eastern crop was a failure last year. Prices are rndng high and will no doubt continue fair. For this reason a southern crop, which can be forced on the market early, would pay. It would be well, however, to study the markets, and not wait until the crop is ready before making any ar rangements to dispose of it. Complete your arrangements before hand, don’t leave anything to chance. Many of our farmers know how to raise potatoes suc cessfully, but not all of these know how to market them profitably. Jeff Wel born says we can grow them much cheaper here than they do at the north, aud if the seed used are from the fall grown crop they will come on much earlier. He has raised eight c-ops, fall and spring, in four years, on the same land, without a change of seed, and each year the potatoes have improved in quality and quantity. After the spring crop is taken off he sows the land in early maturing peas. When these are taken off, the land is in fine condition for the fall crop, and thus he gets three crops off the same area. The land, after the peas, is thoroughly prepared, and he gets about 160 bushels of potatoes with out any other fertilizer than the peas. If the ground has been well broken and the planting properly managed, a very shallow cultivation is all that is neoes sary. In field crops, just as the plants begin to break the ground, it is well to run a harrow across the rows to break the crust. Do not run a deep furrow near the rows. Keep the patch free from weeds. For the northern markets ■hip in 11-peck potato barrels instead of ■acks, they keep better and are more s attaqyye in appearance —both of which ' add |d price." ... Yield and fr. cos DarUjX tq® Pest Few w Yeais— .';ti?ie* rar Farmer*. ' " Question. —What were the total cot ton crops for 1895-96 and 1896-97, and their average price, and as far as known what has been the crop and the price for 1897-98? Answer.—The cotton crop for 1895 96, official figures, was 7,157,346 bales, and the average price was 8.09 cents per pound. The crop of 1896-97 was 8,757,- 964 bales, and ihe average price was 7.42 cents per pound. Up to Jan. 1, 1898, 7,260,033 bales have been marketed, aud the average price was 6.05 cents per pound. By comparing this with the re ceipts up to Jau. 1, 1897, we find that there was up to Jau. 1, 1898, marketed 861,841 bales more than to Jan. 1, 1897. We also find that owing to the differ ence in price, although there was such a large excess of bales, the farmers of the south have lost $54.305,046—a strik ing commentary on large crops and low ; prices. It is almost beyond belief that the cotton crop, which is virtually a monopoly, and which should be a means of independence, is surely becoming the cause of general depression and poverty. —State Agricultural Department. Lio® and Mites on Foultry. Question.—l live in the southern part of the state, and, owing to the climate, I suppose our poultry is much troubled with mites aud lice. lam careful about • keeping the coops clean, but in spite of this these vermin seem to multiply very rapidly. How shall I destroy them ? Answer. —The coops should be thor oughly whitewashed inside aud out with a limewash in which has been mixed crude carbolic acid. Every part of the roosts should be brushed over with kerosine, old nests removed and all litter burned up. An experienced poultry raiser says the easiest plan to get rid of the pests on the fowls them selves is the following: Fill a five gallon oil can about two-thirds full of warm water and add about 1 ounce of carbolic I acid. Select a clear, bright morning I and dip each fowl bodily into the bath, I covering every part. Hold it up to drip ' a few seconds and then turn it loose. ; In an hour they will be dry and free from living lice.—State Agricultural Department. The Sagar Beat Industry. Question. —Please tell me something about the cultivation of sugar beets, the I jnethod, cost, preparation for market, : sind of soli suitable, etc. How are the I factories in this country succeeding ? Is the sugar of good quality and is the crop one which can be cultivated at the sooth? How much do manufacturers pay for them ? Answer.—As yet the sugar beet in dustry in this country is in its infancy, and we have to depend on the experi i ence of others for enlightenment on the points on which you request Informa tion. The following is from a man of large experience both in this country and in Europe, and what he says on sugar beet culture is reliable and valu able. He says the soil should be good The crop will not pay if planted on poor ground, or on muck laud, or on land which has not good drainage, or if the soil is not in a good state of cultivation. ' The cost of raising an acre of beets is ; too high for them to be grown on poor land. The success of this industry is in I the hands of the farmers and not in the I hands of the manufacturers. No matter how perfect the machinery or how econ omically a factory is managed, if the beets are brought to the factory not in proper condition the expenses are doubled and the farmer is docked, which means loss of time, general discourage- 81 .OO Per Annum in Advance. f meuc ana want ol success to botn man- ‘ ufacturer and planter. The beets when delivered at the factory should be cut off fiat at the root of the leaves, so that none of the green top is left. This is absolutely necessary in order to make a good standard of sugar. Every beet of which the green juice of the leaves is mixed with the beet juice proper is an obstacle to crystalizing the sugar, and every drop of that green juice must be eliminated before the white granulated sugar can be manufactured. All the fertilizing properties of the beets are contained in the tops and the farmer meets with a double loss if he carries them to the factory instead of cutting them off and leaving them on his land. He is docked 8 or 10 per cent at the fac tory, and wastes the valuable fertilizing properties of the tops which are thrown away. METHOD OF CULTIVATING SUGAR BEETS The rows should be 18 or 20 inches apart, the plants thinned out to stand sor 6 inches in the row. Do not wait until the young beets are surrounded by weeds, but cultivate with the hoe as soon as tbe plants can be seen. The thinning should be done as soon as the plants have two to four leaves. After this keep the weeds aud grass down by the horse hoe, cultivating often to loosen the earth around the plants and give air to the roots. As the cultivation is very expensive no chance should be neglected which will help to make as large a crop as possible. If weeds and grass are allowed to grow they will take up the strength of ths soil, which should be used to make the beets. The rows should not be farther thaa 20 inches apart. If wider than this the beets will be larger bat will not yield as mach in weight per acre, and besides, what the sugar manufacturer wants is small beets, from 1 to pounds in weight. These are more profitable to handle and have also a higher percentage of sugar and Less water than the larger sizes. COST OF CULTIVATING AN ACRE IN SUGAR BEETS. Preparation of laud: plowing and harrowing $ 2 00 Extra harrowing lefore patting in seed M Tilling and rolling 1 50 Cleaning between the rows with hand hoe 3 00 Thinning out and resetting plants to stand 5 or 6 inches, and clean- ing between rows 6 00 Cleaning with horse hoe 75 Cleaning with horse hoe and slightly hilling up 75 Taking out weeds near the beets, i yhteh horpe hoe has left 125 PMIW ,P ut^n » , eyirheM and qoyer ■Loadingfmsn banlingiw mteKt, » * estimating 12 tons to the acre, at 50 cents per ton, a distance of 6 miles 6 U 0 $27 00 The 12 tons at $4.00 per ton would be S4B 00 Cost of cultivating as above .. 37 75 S2O 25 In this account labor is estimated at $1.35 a day, and no allowance is made for fertilizers or cost of seed. The United States Department of Agricult ure estimates the cost per acre for the first few years at from S4O to SSO per acre, though in many instances it will fall below these figures. The cost varies so, with varying conditions, that it is impossible to give an estimate which will suit every locality. The price paid at the factory is from $4 to $5 per ton, according to quality, and the yield is from 10 to 20 tons per acre. The best fertilization for beets is secured by a heavy application of homemade manure on a previous crop. The first run of beet sugar in Naw York state was made the past month aud the product was smooth grained, white and sweet. There are other factories springing up over the country and there are eight already in successful opera tion. Professor Massey says: "I was struck with the identity, so far as culti vation is concerned, of tbe sugar beat culture and that of cotton. I fully be lieve that the negroes, who are accus tomed to the cultivation aud thinning «f cotton, would make the best of bands ® the beet field. I believe that we can grow the beets an well as they can in Nebraska and grow them more cheaply. ” He says also that our "cot ton sweep” as a cultivator, beats ail the variety of tools that he saw used for beet cultivation. Land for beets should always be prepared very deeply. Sub soiled, if possible.—State Agricultural Department. Quite Right. After instructing his men in the points of the compass Lieutenant X. says to one of them: ‘‘You have in front of you the north, on your right the east, on your left the west. What have you behind you?” Private B. (after a few moments’ reflection) —My knapsack, lieuten ant.—Libre Parole. Sometimes She Doesn’t Know Herself. When a woman is particularly pleasant to a man, he never knows whether it is because she likes him or does it to torment some man she likes better.—Atchison (Kan.) Globe. A Bit of Philosophy. A man may marry the woman he loves, and his son may marry the woman he loves, but let the son s daughter marry the man she loves and there is straightway trouble in the camp.—New York Press. In * Hurry. “So he married in haste. Did he repent at leisure?” “No, he repented in haste too.”— New York Journal. Think about your health. Do not allow scrofula taints to develop in your blood. Take Hood's Sarsapa- L rilla now and keep yourself WELL. NUMBER 5. AMERICA IN 1800. The Population Centered In a Very Few Cities Near the Coast. In St. Nicholas there is a article on the Greater New York entitled “Reasoning Out a Metropolis,” by Ernest Ingersoll. Writing of the distribution of the population at the beginning of the century, Mr. In gersoll says: Montreal and Quebec were then large towns, but making no prog ress. Nothing had come of the ex pected cities along the coast |of Maine. Old Salem had been out stripped by Boston, which already numbered 30,000 citizens; Newport, New London and New Haven were disappointingly small and sleepy; New York, which bad borne the brunt of the Revolutionary war, in cluded only some 60,000 inhabitants; while Philadelphia, unharmed by the war, was flourishing and led the list with a population numbering over 81,000. Farther south, Balti more, with about 27,000 people; Charleston, with 20,000, and New Orleans (then m French territory), with 10,000, were the only coast towns worth mentioning. Civiliza tion had scarcely found its way across the Alleghanies, Chicago did not exist, and Oswego, Buffalo, De troit, Pittsburg and Cincinnati were mere frontier villages or Indian trad ing posts. New England and eastern Pennsylvania and Maryland were dotted with villages, but the largest inland towns were those of northern New Jersey and the valley of the Hudson, where Newburg, Kingston and Albany took the lead of all. Let us see what happened during the next 30 years. As soon as peace and a firm, unit ed government were gained by the war for independence we Ameri cans began to think about finding ’ out and making use of the wealth oi our new country first by setting as many persons as possible to clearing away the forests and planting fields, and great numbers from the older states and from Europe moved west and received from the government tracts of land for which the only pay asked was a promise to stay and cultivate them. But it was plain >hat there was no use in farming, no matter how cheap and fertile the soil, or in cutting timber or digging minerals, no matter how accessible and abun dant, unless the pioneers had some way to send the grain they grew or the timber or minerals to market. Roads were therefore of the first importance. Nobody but a hunter k- or sflhexplorer Could travel into the heavily wooded interior, except along some navigable river, and at first only the valleys of these rivers 1 were cultivated. Next a few roads J were laid out, connecting the coast and riverside towns, but none pene , trated inland very far, and these were mostly mere tracks for pack horses. All frontier goods were car i ried by horses until almost the be ginning of this century, as they are yet in remote parts of the far west, i This method is exceedingly expen sive. It cost, for instance, $249 a ton, or about 12‘ 8 cents a pound, to carry merchandise by pack horses from Philadelphia to Erie in 1784, i and when, in 1789, the first wagon 1 road was opened over the Pennsyl vania mountains the cost of freight age was $3 a ton for that part alone —about 140 miles. It was not until 1804 that the first through line of , stages was established from Pbila , delphia to Pittsburg, making the trip in seven days. These things show how gradual, but how sure, was the advance of civilization westward. The Youngster Was Sorry. Here is a story of a bright little tot of a boy whose father tried to punish him, told by the New Or leans Times-Democrat. It com menced by the father giving an ad monishment. “I shan’t behave,” said the little fellow. “You are a bad man, and I don’t like you.” At this the child was told to stand in a corner with his face to the wall, but he cried so bitterly that his mother went up to him and eaid, “You go tell your papa that you are sorry, and he will forgive you.” The little fellow approached his father, blub bering, and blurted out, between sobs, “I is sorry that you are such a bad man.” “Well, go’long and play, then,” said the father, trying to keep from laughing. That Depends. Hoax—ls this your little baby? Joax—Sometimes. “I don’t understand.” “Why, when we’re among my relatives it’s mine, but to my wife’s folks it’s never anything but ‘our Mary’s baby.' ” —Philadelphia Rec ord. Tricks of the Types. A writer in Macmillan’s Magazine offers in an article on printers’ er rors some superb “mixes,” as blend ings of alien paragraphs are called. We borrow a couple. The first owed its character to an interpolated line from a report of a public meeting: “On the 3d inst., at Elkington, the wife of J. S. Terry, schoolmas ter, of a son. He spoke indistinct ' iy. but was understood to say that 1 on the 3d inst., at Ripon, the wife > of Joseph Landseer, tailor, of a > daughter.” L The second occurred in a descrip tion of the campaign of Roman Catholic missionaries in central Af rica: > “They are accustomed to begin their work by buying heathen chil dren and educating them. The easiest and best way to prepare them is to first wipe them with a t clean towel, then place them in dr; p i ping pans and bake them until they ■ are tender. After which cut thi in in slices and cook for several hours ”