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Mowing. Peas should be sided;- f'-oaon should receive close siren-* ttra&ittiswtftt: saved and housed. There is no time rfdrtni working days fair beat from the first to the thirtieth of June. Bteady, continuous iahor is the pice ot full gin houses, and corn cribs, 2i££ a * ft “ 0 '" **“»**• CORN. If the previous work has been well done, there will* be no necessity now for deepploughiog. A twenty two inch tween with toe right wing elevated end the left wing hall ele vated, plowing ahbut bue*half inch in depth, will throw softearth to the mots of the plants, cover up ell the grass and weeds, ieavfe a smooth, mellow and clean surface, and allow tbe boe-hands to give all their atten dee to tbe cotton. We have found U of advantage to the corn crop and e considerable addition to our store of peas, to sow peas broad-cast— twelve or thirteen quarts to tbe acre —and cover them with this last plowing of the corn. They shade the ground from the hot suns of July and August, and yield an abundant crop of peas. Cotton. To kill every blade of grass, and •very weed and to keep the soil soft and mellow, are the objects to be ob tained in the cultivation of cotton. Plow shallow and close, and let the hoes do what the plows have failed to perform, care .being taken not to wound or bruise the plants. Every three weeks until the beginning of August in ordinary seasons, the plows and hoes should go over the cotton, the hoes following the plows at an interval of, say, eight or ten days, thus keeping the crop con stantly clean, and giving the soil the benefit of frequent stirring. A twenty-two inch sweep, almost flat, and sharp as a razor, and a Scovil hoe, are the instruments to do the work, with a trustworthy, careful citixen ol Africa between the handles of the one, and holding the handle of the other, whose object it shall be to see, not bow many acres he can run over, but how many he can cul« tivale thoroughly. WHEAT. Those who are fortunate enough to have wheat to cut should prepare to cut it now. That portion which is intended for flour should be cut before it is thoroughly ripe, and that intended for seed should be allowed to mature completely—become dead ripe. A day or two yf fine weather will cure it sufficiently to make it ready to thresh, and the sooner this is done the better. The reaping machines are far better, piore expe ditious, and are more profitable than the old fashioned cradle. Those who cannot afford to buy one of these machines or whose wheat patch is not sufficiently extensive to warrant the outlay, should club to gether for the purchase of one.— These machines are really worthy of the name of “labor saving,” and then their use stimulates us to pre pare our fields more carefully, tore move slumps and rocks, tuid fill up ditches and gullies. We give the same advice with reference to threshing machines. Those thresh clean, expel the stfow, and pour the cleaned grain into sacks at one operation, are, in our judgment, the best. After the wheat has been threshed and cleaned, it should be thoroughly sunned, by exposure to tbe beat of the sun for several days, and when perfectly put awa£ during the heal of the day in bins or bemw previously washed with good whitewash of quick lime, the grain? will be protected from the weevil. o*» We rejoice truly to see that the oat crop this year is a large and valuable one. Let due attention be given to saving it. Except that portion which is to be threshed or used for seed, the oat crop should be cut be fore the grain begins to harden, bound op in sheaves, not too large, allowed to cute thoroughly in the sun-before it is put in stacks or Stowdd away in bulk in the barn.— If oats are once wet or allowed to heat, they are very hard to cure, therefore it is necessary io tie them in small bundles, and put them up is small shocks so that they can be come thoroughly dry before they are stacked or boused. We deci dedly recommend that they be hous ed, not sleeked, wherever this can be done, aad where it can not be done Dow, let measures be taken to pro vide shelter for the oat crop of next year. Who ever saw an oat-stack, even tbe most skillfully built, in which a portion of tbe oats was not found to be rotton and wasted from exposure to the weather, and who has not frequently seen oat-stacks which Were found to be entirely val ueless when opened for use f gjßßarSan roßAoa cron. MVO fitly T^ftfTUTfuA^i-1 jj .r'-i w vw-v •• M&Dfmiuiiit and artificial curaii* Vet found bens' 6VU* WTATORS may still be planted, and while your •‘dm*aV, bttLcfctwafcd ydeHve a spare comer of rich land unoccupied, continue to plant even a# late a*the middle of the month. We have mum Sum potatoes from drewa set out as late as tbe end of June. if4 i(t i - preparations now for a big UK nip crop, . After you have set apart the patch you intend to devote totumfbs—and'we hope that it drill be “right • smart of a patch” this yegr-»let it be bvpfcen add subsoiled, and finely pulverized by continual piowingi from this time until tbe tatter end of duly. Land for turnips cannot be too fine or too mellow, neither can it be too rich.— If it be not sufficiently rich in itself, use liberally the best ammonia led girperpbosphaioyou can buy— -500 or 000 pounds per acre will not be too much. Ruta Bagas in July and the common turnips from Jaly to the end of September. But, above all things, let the land be thoroughly prepared, “mellow as an ash bank, and fine as powder!. So. Farm and Home. The Bottom of the Ocean. In 1853, Lieutenant Brooke ob» tained mud from the bottom of the North Atlantic, between Newfound land and the Azores, at a depth of more than 10,000 feet, or two miles, by tha help of his sounding appara tus. The specimens were sent for examination to Ebrenberg, of Ber lin, and to Baily, of West Point, and those able microacopists found that this deep sea mud was almost en tirely composed of the skeletons ol living organism—the greater propor tions of these beings just like the Globigerin®, already known to oc cur in the chalk. Thus far the work had been car ried on simply in the interests of science, but Lieutenant Brooke’s method of sounding acquired a high commercial value when the en terprise of laying down the tele graphic cable between Great Britain and the United States was underta ken. For it became a matter of immense importance to know, not only the depth of the sea over the whole line along which the djfiei was to be laid, but the exact nature of the bottom, so as to guard against chances of cutting or fraying the strands of that costly rope. The Admirably consequently ordered Captriiii Dayman, an old friend and shipmate of mine, to ascertain the depth of the whole line of the cable, and to bring back specimens of ihe bottom. In former days such a com mand as this might have sounded very much like one of the impossi ble things whicluhe young prince in the Fairy Tales is ordered to do be fore he can obtain the hand of tbe princess. However, in the montes of June and July, 1857, my friend per formed the task assigned to him with great precision, without so far as 1 know, having met with any reward of that kind. The speci mens of Atlantic njud which he pro cured were sdht 16 me lobe examin ed and reported upon. The resqlt of these operations is that we know the contour and na ture of the surface-soil covered by the North Atlantic for a distance of 1,700 miles from east to west, as well as we all know that of any part of the dry land. - It is a prodigious plain, one of tbe widest and 'most even plains in the world. It the sea were drained off you might drive a Wagon all tbe way from Valentia, on the west coast of Ireland, to Trinity Bay, in New foundland. And,except upon one sharp incline, abodt 200 miles from Valentia, 1 am not quite sure that it would even be necessary to put the skid on. sb gtmffe Bra the ascents and descents upon that long route. From Valentia the road would lie down hill for about 200 miles to the point at which the bottom is now covered* by I*7oo fathoms of- sea water. Then would come the cen tral plain, more than 1,000 miles wide, the inequalities of the surface of which would be hardly percepti ble, though the depth of the water upon it varies from 10,000 15,000 feet; and there are places in which Mont Blanc might be sunk without showing its peak above water. Be yond this, the ascent on the Ameri can side commences, and gradually leads, for about 300 miles to tbe Newfoundland shore. Almost the whole of the bottom of this central plain (which extends for many hun dred miles in a north and south di rection) is covered by a fine mud, which, whan brought to the surface, dried into a grayish-white fria ble substance. You can write with this on a blackboard, if you are so inclined, and to the eve it is quite like very soft, grayish chalk. Ex amined chemically, it proved c* be composed almost entirely of carbon ate of line; and if you make a sec - tion of it in the same way as that peidtopsJtone has been more sucecss- Affer being soaked some time, the' SMUgo was rescued and sold to form ers, and most of it sown. The fol lowiag harvest the wheat crop; in England was generally damaged by smut except that obtained from the wheat which had been soaked in the salt water. This marked differ ence was sufficient to justify the ex peximeat again, and its success has kept it in practice ever since- The following came under our ob servation. Two farmers procured a fine sample of wheat for seed and divided it equally between them.— The one soaked his wheat in brine, the other having no faith in it neg lected to do so. The former had not a smutty ear in his whole crop, while the yield ot the latter was al dOOst worthless on account of it.— Other causes may have existed to produce this difference but none that were apparent, and from the re markable difference in the two re take we are led to believe that it was effected by the means employed m the one case. It has been fully ascertained that this preventive will not avail when the seed is affected with smut, unless the season is very favorable, which alone will prevent smut. When crops have been damaged by smut, an excellent expedient is to select seed from a different soil, having it well cleansed. Experi ence tells us that selecting seed wheat from different localities is ben eficial in many respects. It is best to bring it from a strong clay soil, no matter on what kind of soil it is to be sown. A change from red clay to a white clay works well, so •Iso from a while to a red clay.— Changing seed from sandy soil to clay has not been successful, and it is an old saying that this is no change at all. The Comanche Indians are dis gusted with the employment of colored troops on. the frontier, they are so bard to scalp. Cheap Smoke House. A farmer in Western New York gives the following as his plan for a cheap smoke-house: No farmer should be without a good smoke house, and such a one as will be fire-proof and tolerably secure from thieves. Fifty hams can be smoked at one time in a smoke-house seven by eight feet square. Mine is six by seven, and is large enough for most farmers. ] first dug all the ground out below where the frost would not reach, and filled it up to the surface with small stones. On this I laid my brick floor, in lime mortar. The walls are brick, eight inches thick, and •even feet high, with a door on one side two feet wide. The door should be made of wood aad lined with sheet iron. For the top l put oil joists, two by four, set up edge wise, and eight and a half inches from centre to centre, covered with brick, and put on a heavy coat ol mortar. I built a small chimney on top in the centre, arching it over and covering it with a single roof in the usual way. An arch should be built on the outside, with a small iron door to shut it up, similar to a stove door, with a hole from the arch through the wall of the smoke-house, and an iron grate over it. The arch is more convenient and better to put the fire in than to build a fire inside the smoke-house, and the chimney causes a draft througli into the smoke-house. Good corncobs or hickory wood are the best materials to make a smoke tor hams. The cost of such a smoke-house as I de scribe is about S2O. Cleansing Blankets. “Good morning, Mrs. C., you will never guess what called me out to see you this morning.” Pray what coqld it have been ?” replied Mrs. D. “Your white blankets fluttering out heie on the clothes line. ‘Mere ly this and nothing more.’ I have to wash mine this week, and I want to ask you if you have any specific forjmaking them so snowy white ?” “My plan is to put them in soak over night in a tub of water, first dissolving two table-spoonfuls of bo rax and about a pint of soft soap in the water. Have you ever tried bo rax for cleansing flannels?” “Never: I have heard it recom mended, but always had a fear that it would eat tbe clothes or yellow them, or do mischief in some way.” “I have used it for years past, and found it perfectly harmless But to return to the blankets. Last night’s soaking seemed to remove nearly all of the dirt, so that I had no very hard rubbing to do this morning. After I had drained them from the suds, I rinsed them thor oughly in two waters and hung them up to dry# 1 never wring blankets —think them more tfeW Ony thing eiee.” • ( BAit keel «|«£| nikkinaJDalAr A/U Jvir uvui lUC I Ut/Utttg -FatCl f or use iteoW' - • - “Jest warm enough to maWPit com fen able fbi the ’feahdr. But let me add, ii is not only for wdolten goods that borax is useful. It is much to be preferred to soda, for whitening cottons, linens- and laces. One table-spoonfuliSf it in.powder thrown in four or five gallons ot boil ing water, will save half the ordina ry allowance of soap,” » W ».■ — Preparation of Pood to Stock. It has been long admitted that chopping tbe food given to our horses, mules and cattle, increases the digestibility of the food, and makes a smaller quantity, supply sufficient nutriment. The steaming and sof tening the chopped food by water was a lurther improvement in the preparation of Stock-food, both as to its quality and in an economical point of view, and now another and, it is said, greater improvement has been introduced, namely, the grind ing or crushing fodder, bay and straw, by which they are made quite soft end succulent, more easy of digestion, more nutritive, and more palatable. The grinding is done by ordinary millstones and is very simple and inexpensive in its operation.— So. Farm and Home. New Material for Paper. The cost of rags for the manufac ture of paper has led to long contin ued and costly attempts to si’b«ti lute other articles, such as wood, straw, bamboo, cornstalks, husks, etc., but owing to the great expense tor chemicals and life machinery necessaiy for converting the materi als into pulp, the cost of prper has not, to any considerable extent, been reduced. it is now alleged that the okra plant, which grows luxuriantly in all parts of the United Slates, posses ses all the reqisites for making every description of paper, from the com mon wrapping to the finest book or bank note puper, either sized or non sized, without the addition of any other material whatever. It is claimed that this has been practical ly demonstrated, and the discoverer has, within the past few months, manufacured by the most simple and economical process, in different mills, a variety of samples of papers which, although made under unfa votable circumstances, possess all the characteristics of paper made from linen rags and manilla rope. If this should turn out to be true, it cannot fail to greatly affect the price of paper, as the okra can be raised cheaply and abundantty. We un derstand that arrangements have been made for commencing the man ufacture of okra paper this season. Interesting Facts. A legal stone is.l4 pounds in Eng land, and 16 pounds in Holland.— A fathom, 6 feet, is derived from the height of a fulfgrown man. A hand, in horse-measure, is 4 inches. An Trish mile 2,540 yards ; a Scotch mile is 1,984 ; a German, I,BOG ; a Turkish, 1,626. An acre is 4,846 squaie yards, 1 foot and 3J inches. A square mile, 1,760 yards each way, contains 640 acres. The hu man body consists of 240 bones, 9 kinds of articulations or joinings, 100 cartilages or ligaments, 400 muscles or tendons, and 100 nerves, besides blood, arteries, veins, etc. Potatoes planted below three feel do not vegetate; at one foot they grow thickest, and at two feet they are re tarded two or three months. There are no solid rocks in the arctic re gions, owing to the severe frosts.— The surface of-the Sea is estinated at 150,000,000 square miles, taking the whole surface of the globe at 190,000,000 square miles. Its great est depth is supposed to be equal to the height of the highest mountains, or four miles. ASTBONOMICAL MOVEMENTS OF PLANTS. M. Ch. Mussel has published a paper endeavoring to show that cer tain characters of the trunks of trees are related to the movements of the earth. The trunks of trees, he says, are always flattened in the northerly and southerly directions, and expand ed in an east and west plane. He slates that he could support his the ory by several thousand examples, and that his views are thoroughly in accordance with astronomical laws. Home Hade Super-phosphate of Lime. A correspondent in the Country Gentleman , writes: To make super phosphate of lime, I take 500 pounds of bone and 175 of vitriol.— My bones 1 take to a pine block and cut them op small. (They don’t fly so much when I use pine.) I put them in a pile and let them heal and dry. Then I take a large flagstone and put a frame around it. Then get a boulder with a flat bottom, fas ten a ringto it, have a lope and pole, and let them work like a well svt cep. 'I he frame around the flag keeps the bones from flying Off when the stone strikes them. I put my bones into a large kettle with twelve pails of water, and boil them six hours. 1 have a large box made of plank and put my bones into it and then the vitriol. I keep them well stirred.— When they are hot, dry oft with dry earth. I don’t dry with ashes—they are not good to mix with phosphate. I sell 2,000 bushels a year. A glass company takes almost all my dried ashes at my place, paying 25 cents a bushel, rounding measure. Fromcbemical«riad*ais«tappears. 4be,^ 9 <>f. .H* aipangus when. ,d*kd,„Pftfeb*cU«i..*W»a«t, make a iujl flavored liufe inferior to Mocfia,containing ip com mon with tea and. coffee, the prittci' pie tailed taurine; «Dr y tboaophra gus berries well, after being thor oughly ripened, then rub them an a sieve, thus the seeds are readily sep arated. •> (I-)IIHKV. *3pd >■' Stick to Om Thing. There are' many fanners who do not slick to one thing long enough to make it pay, and consequently they lose in everything. At one time they conclude to devote themselves to stock raising. Before they get fairly under good headway in. this, they change their minds and go back to raising grain. Some again make a speciality, for a time, of a certain crop—wheht, convorlpi&a toes, lor While th,ey gre fallowing this speciality, the crops muy be small and the price tow, and they turn to another ju«t in time to miss large crops and good prices in what they have left. The best farmers we have ob served are those who first fipd out what their soil is best adapted to produce. They then turn their en ergies in that direction qnd go straight forward in that line. A poor crop does not discourage them. They keep on, and are sare to be finally successful. To illustrate our idea:—We once knew a farmer who always made it a point to latten from twenty-five to thirty hogs every year. Let the pr.ce of pork be high or low, he ev-> ery year bad his lot of hogs of about the usual number. He took great Elide in having the best in the neigh orhood. Some years, perhaps, he might have done better by sellingbis corn instead of feeding it. Some years, peiluips he might have done better by turning his whole atten tion to some other speciality in farm ing. But we always notice this, that, taking one year with another for a long time, say ten years, he made the hogs pay. He was a suc cesslul farmer. Another planter near by, every year planted potatoes. Sometimes his crop would fail, and sometimes when he had a good crop the price would be low. But he kept straight forward—Every Spring he planted potatoes. The result in that case was the same as that in the other. Taking one year with another for a considerable number of years, he made the potato crop pay. He, too, was a successful farmer. The farmer who would make his business pay must have a policy, and adhere to it. Keep of Cows.—A correspond ent of the Germantown Telegraph wishes that he could make the truth vivid to every keeper of cows, that the care of them is something that requires knowledge and painstaking in detail. Cows must not be neg lected or deprived of sufficient food. Good shelters and abundance of food they must have if we would make them profitable. Evenness of local temperature is a necessity. If the weather is cold or wet without doors, they should be made warm and dry within the stable. If the sun shines too hot, they should have the privi lege of shade. When a cow be comes uncomfortable, the flow of her milk is restrained. A cow will re turn to you in proportion as you con fer care upon her. ASHES FOE WHEAT. Ashes as a fertilizer are almost wholly neglected and allowed to go to waste by our farmers. In many instances indeed they seem to be ignorant of their value, or if not ignorant too careless to take the necessary pains, to secure any of them. During the winter, ashes can be selected in large quantities, and farmers should do this for the pur f ose of sowing them on wheat soil, n my experience with ashes, I have found them of great value on differ ent grains, but most valuable When used on wheat. Ashes are an act ive fertilizer on wheat, and even five bushels per acre will push it for word two days ahead of that upon which none is applied. In some seasons, when hot and sultry weath er prevails about the time wheat is ripening, a few days gained is worth half a crop of grain. The ashes strengthen the wheat stem, giving it substance pod solidi ty; and develope? the berry quicker and better. Ashes arh also a pre ventive against rust, and I have seen the wheat upon which- - ashes were sown free from rust while that upon which none had bfton sown was rusted close to the drilt row. Save your ashes and try the experiment next season. You will find it to pay you well to collect all the ashes you can get. Farmers can afford to pay as high as twenty cents per bushel for good unleached, hard wood ashes for farm use, not only to put on wheat but on corn, oats and clover as well. I believe they are the. cheapest manure that the farmer can buy, as potash enters largely into all the grain and grasses that are raised. Twenty bushels can be sown to an acre with the very best results.— Leached ashes are also good though a larger quantity should be used. All around us large quantities both of leached and unleached ashes go to waste every year. These should be returned to the soil. • . "■ - j. k j 1" KsOWDTG THE ADVANTAGE AFFORDED T«* PEOTLE ST A Southern Branch Book and Music Depot, <r« have accepted the management efs brass* of severalbuge an* Maiafattaring If oases, by which arrangement we are enabled te (A Berts, Music, Musical fatrweits, Slitioiery Ac., Ac at New York price*. ... ~ ’ [ IN our Book Department we oferat laweal pahlUhera' rates. LAW AND MEDICAL BOOKS, SCHOOL BOOKS, MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. THEOLOGICAL BOOKS Music Books! Music Books!! PIANO FORTE METHODS, PIANO STUDIES, PIANO MUSIO. Primers, Dietioneriei end Theoretical works, Marital Literature, Orgaa lastraetion an Marie. HASP AND GUITAR, VIOLIN INSTRUCTION BOOKS, FLUTE INSTRUCTION BOOKS, FLUTE AND VIOLIN MUSIO. ACCORDEON, FLUTINA AND BANJO, FIFE, DRUM, BUGLE AND BAND MUSIO. VOCAL METHODS and Exercises for Adults and Juvenila Classes. GLEE BOOKS AND PART SONGS, VOCAL MUSIC, CHURCH MUSIC. ORATORIES. SABBATH SCHOOL MUSIO At As., At Under each of the above heads we hare a large and varied seieettsa. Allkiads of First Class writing papers. Note, Cap and Letter Paper. Cards, Eaveiepes Bill-Head Papar, Legal Blanks Ac., Ac. As we have a Job Printing Office in connection with oar stars, weeaa tarnish printed Let ter Heads, Bill Heads, printed Envelopes Cards Ac., Ae., at a small advance, en Arat cost. Pianos, Organs, Melodaonsand any other Mealeal Tn.> tarnished at Man ufa o turers’ tP rio •■ . ; Ltl l N io '• . When a large organ or plane is sold, wo send a man to pot It ap, free es charge. 0 M i sc e 1 la n e o us, GOLD AND STEEL PENS, GOLD PEN AND PENCIL CASES. ENGLISH, FRENCH AND AMEBIC AN WAITING PAPERS CQPTWO BOOKS, COPYING AND SEAL PBESSES, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN COPYING, WRITING AND INDELIBLE INKS,, LETTER, NOTE AND WEDDING ENVELOPES, PORT-FOLIOS, WRITING DESKS, CHESS AND BACKGAMMON BOARDS AND HKN. DOMINOES. CROQUETS, PLATING AND VISITINoTB ARDS. SEALING WAX, HUIA RUBBER BANDS, FEN KNIVES, DRAWING AND TRACING PAPES, MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, SURVEYORS’ COMPASSES, PORT MONIES, Ac., Ae. Subscriptions received for any Periodical, American or Femtga, payable in all mass ia advance. Foreign Books imported at New York prices. _ Books are being constantly ordered,anin single volame of the smeilaat valae may at msy time be sent for. Small phekagm sent by Express or mall at a vary slight cast Parties unknown to ns mnst remit with their orders. Packages sent by Express collect on delivery, when deeired. All inquiries as to cost of any article, moot bo aooomparilod with a stamp tor fstnm latter with price lists Ac. Address all eommsnicstions-In t •••>. ,hw a* - .* « -, R. A. HAKRI9ON A €O., epßrtßtda. May 6,18*1, j *