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BOFGHTON, NISBET & BARNES,
Publishers and Proprietors.
S. N. BOCGHTOX, ) FdWor-
jom. n. 1HSBBT. 1 c:, Mor '-
faljt Confcbcntfc Union
Is published "Weekly, in Milledgeville, Gn.,
Corner of Hancock and Wilkinson, fits.,
(opposite Court House.)
At $3 a year in Advance.
BATE* OF ABVEBTISl.X;.
/Vr square, of twelve tines.
0nt insertion $1 00, and fifty cents for each jubccquen!
rontinuoEce.
yhoscseut without the specification of tlienumborot
insertions trill be published till forbid and charged
accordingly.
Badness or Professional Cards, per year, where they
donot exceed Six Lises - - - $10 oil
A librrn! contract will be made with those who with to
A Iserlite by live year, occupying a ip' ifei space
LEGAL AD VERTISEMEXT.'j.
Sales of Land aud Negroes, by Administrators. ZTx-
ecutorsor Guardians, are required by law to be held
on the first I’uusday in the month; between the home of
10 in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, «i the
Courthouse in theeouniyin whichthej.roperty is sit
uated.
Notice of these sale* mast be given in a publicgn-
xettr days previous to the day ofsale.
Notices forthe sale of personal property inu.-t begiv-
eninlite manner 10 days previous to rale day.
Noticesto the debtors and ereditorsof aaestatenTuat
abo be published 40 days.
Notice that application will be medetothe Courtof
Or lia try for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must be
published for two months.
Ci itiont forletters of Administration Guardianship,
A c., must be publis'ncd 30 day-—for dismission from
Administration. monthly si.c months—for dismission
ir im Gnardianship, 40 days.
Rules for foreclosure of Mortgage must be published
monthly forfonr months—for establishing lost papers,
for the full spice of Ikrrr months—for compelling lilies
from Executors or administrators, where bondhasbeen
given by the deceased, the full space of three
months.
Publications will always bo continued according to I
these, the legalrcquircmenlr, unless otherwise ordered I
at the following
RATES:
Citation*, on letters of administration, 4-e. f 175 .
“ “ dismissory trom Admr’n. 4 50
“ “ “ Guardianship.
Leave to sell Land or Negroes
Notice to debtors and creditors. 3 00
Sales of personal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 50
Sale of land ornegroea by Executors, he. pr eqr. 5 00
E-traya. two weeks 1 50
Por a man advertising his wife (in ndVnnee,) 5 00
fOLUME XXXIII.]
COUNTING HOUSE CALENDAR, IOC;
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, JANUARY 27, 1S63
[NUMBER 3(\
®AV®
7 ~-
^ = 5
G3AY§ 0
Feb’t
Man.
Juke
i SS 3 4 JULY.
5 6 7 8 9 ion
12 13 1115 16 17 |p
.'-•2021 222324«j
•it 21 28293031
1 August
2 ' 3 4 5. 6, 7 8
9 1011 12 12 IS 15
10 17 Id 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28
1 Setter
2 3 4 5678
2 1011 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 21 25 -J6 27 28 29
3031
12 5 4 SOctob’i:
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 21*25 26
27 2a 25 30
1.2 3 Novjcm
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
U 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 19202122 2324.
25,26 27 2829 30 31
Deceit.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 9 10 11 12 1314
15 16 17 18 19 20 21.
22 23 24 25 2627 28
29 30,
1 2 S’ 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 n i2
13 14 15 16 17 is ]9
■20 21 22 23 24 25 ‘'6
27 28 29 30 31
, „ 1 2
3 4 5 6 ,89
10 II 12 13 14 15 J6
17 18 19 20 21 22 03
21 2526 27 28 25 ~()
31 1 ‘2 S i ft fi
7 8. 9 10 11 12 13
j 14 15 16 17 IS 1980
21 22 2324 25 26 .>7
28 29 30
12 3 4
5 6 7 8 910,|
12 13 14 15 16 17 ]8
118 29 21 22 23 24
262728.29 3031
2 3 4 5 6 7 q
9 10 11 12 1314
16 i“ 18 19 2021 A
22 2 s 2:? *26 27 28.,()
30 1 2 3 4 5 p,
The Bmtie of .yinrrirrsboro'. , reached within perhaps ahnndred paces of
A correspondent of the Chattannonga j the coveted object, but were again rcpuls-
Rebel. writing from Murfreesboro’, gives ! cd. TIte batteries of Cobb and Byrne, I
the annexed account of tlx* battle that' believe, aided these charges by a most
recently occurred near that place: j energetic simultaneous bombardment of | own hands
'1 ltd ankecs came out from Nashville J the hill. Night was now closing in, and
a week ago, Dec. 25, with baggage mark- , we wero compelled to relinquish the at-
cd to Bridgeport and Chafanooga. j tempt to take the stronghold, and darkness
A column confronted Den. Hardee’s ' closed that day, and gave history one of
corps d’annee, say at Tribune—another ' the bloodiest chapters of the war.
General Polk’s advance, at Lavergne. Such was the battle of- Wednesday—
Heavy skirmishing Friday and Saturday j such the triumph of Confederate aims—a
Dec. 27, on both lines. Result found, on i victory glorious and complete, as far as
Sunday morning, a Confederate batttle I it went, but it was not consummated. We
liuu, say six miles long, three to four miles j thought at one time that the Yankees
in front of Murfreesboro; Yankees at j were as good as routed, but it appears
Stewart s Creek ten miles from there, ad-j they were not. But they did one thing I These preparations were completed short
vanciDg upon Bridgeport and Chattanooga. | that night and that was to leave the hill | ly after your departure from the seat of
in the same strain, and closes by declaring [ that second Union, and when, still later
that “in anticipation of general dissolution j the othej seven States, now members of
so alarmingly impending, the Northwest this Confederacy beoamo almost members
must pr epoch to fake her destiny into her • 0 f (lie same Union, it was upon recogni-
President’s TiSsssage.
To the Senate and House of Representa
tives of the Confederate States:
At the date of your last adjournment
zed footing of equal and independent sov-
cieignties, nor Lad it then entered into the
minds of men that sovereign States could
be compelled, by force, to remain mem
bers of a Confederation into which ^hey
bad entered of their own free will, if at a
subsequent period, the defense of their
the preparations of the enemy for farther | safety and honor should, in their judge-
hostilities bad assumed so menacing aspect meat, justify withdrawal. The expeti-
as to excite in some minds apprehensions 1 ence pf the past had evinced the futility
of our ability to meet them with sufficient of any renunciation of such inhetent rights
promptness to avoid serious reverses.—r- and accordingly the provision for perpetu
ity contained in the articles of the Confed
eration of 1788 was omitted in the Consti-
1 hat day and Monday we entrenched and ! for which we had so hard a struggle, and j Government and the armies of the United tution of 17S9. When, therefore, iu 1861
got otherwise ready. Yankees approached | retired their line from that point some t States, made simultaneous advance on our j eleven of the States again thought proper
slowly, getting ready too. They say : half a mne back This fact suggests that j frontiers, on the rivers aud on the Allan- | for reasons satisfactory to themselves, to
50,000 strong wo “ragged rebels” about I it was really untenable by i .ason of some j tic in masses so great as t<> evince their I secede from the second Union, and to
•jO.OOO. j weakness of theirs somewhere. j nope of overbearing all resistance by mere ■ form a third one under an amended Con-
10 11 12
'l uesduy morning Dec. 30, the artillery
ou both sides exchanged, cold, distant
signs ot recognition; they then greeted
j then, I may say, shook lisnds; and then
got very warm generally, and kept up a
most confoundedly brisk and noisy series j and making nearly
of demonstrations till night. Gen. Bragg j sullen and morose.
13
14 15 16 17 is 19
2! 22 23 24-25 26 7 7
28 2930 3)
BOOK-BINDING
The Subscriber is now pro
Jv Y " v" \ pared to <]o Sooli'Eind-
in?, in *11 it* branches.
—. Old Rooks rebound, Ate.
MUSIC bound in the best style. Blank Books
manufactured to order. Prompt attention will be
given to all wotk cutiustud to me.
h S. J. KIDD.
(Bouliirrn Frdnnl I nion OflEre.
43
COURT CALLENDER FOR 1SB3.
supE&.Toa couass.
JANUARY. , JULY.
Bindery
Milledgeville, March 19th, 1861.
SPECIAL NOTICE.
rpHE undersigned having removed from Mil-
1 lcdgeville desires and intends to close up Ins
business matters of that place speedily ns possi
ble. All persons indebted are notified that the
uo-.esand neconnts are in tbe hands of J. A.
Breedlove, ar.dP. H.Lawler,who nreauthori
z’d to collect and make settlements If not ar
ranged at an early day, settlements will be enforced
bv law.
U t f. A. C. VAIL, Agent.
Western & Atlantic (State Railroad.
•r
2(1 Mondav, ( li/illutm.
•' ' ‘Floyd
FEBRUARY.
1st Monday, Clark
t Lumpkin
3d Monday, Campbell
Dawson
3d Monday, Forsyth
Polk
Glascock
Slerriwetker
Walton
Houston
4th Monday, Baldwin
Jackson
Monroe
Paulding
Taliaferro
Walker
MARCH.
1st Thursday. Pierce
1st Mondav, Floyd*
AUGUST.
1st Monday Lunipkint
;2d M inday, Campbell
Claik
Dawson
id Jlonday, Forsyth
Poltt
Glascock
Me.rriwelher
Walton
Houston
4th Monday, Baldrv iu
J acksou
Monroe
Paulding
Taliaferro
Walker
Thusday after, I’ierco
SEPTEMBER.
Atlanta .0 Cbaitanooga, 138 Miles, Pare $0 00
JOHN sTeOWLAM), SirT.
7 30 P. M.
4 f>7 A. M.
4 f'11 A. M.
ir. P. M.
Passenger Train
Leave Atlanta at
Arrive at Chattanooga at.... —
Leave Atlanta at
Arrive at Chattanooga at
Accommodation t’or-scii^er Train.
Leave Atlanta J40P.M.
Arrive at Kingston 0 :>/ P. M.
Leave Kingston * - 7" »,
Arrive at Atlanta 8 4;> A. M.
Tins Road cotinects each way with the Rome
Branch Kaiirond at Kingston, the East Tennessee
A. Georgia Railroad at Dalton, and the Nashville
A Chattanooga Railroad at Chattanooga.
July 29, 1 '!)2.
Appling
Chattooga
C’liattociga
Cherokee
Cherokee
Columbia
Coweta
Coweta
Columbia
C rawfoi d
Crawford
51 adison
Gwinnett
Marion
M adison
51 organ
Marion
2d 5Ionday, Butts -
Morgan
Bartow
Butts
* Coffee
Bartow
Elbert
Coffee
Fayette
Elbert
Greene
Fayett
Gwinnett
Greene
Pickens
Pickens
Washington
Washington
5Velister
10 tf.
Webster
3d Monday,oCobbt
Calhoun
. Hall
Hart
Heard
M aeon
Newton
Talbot
Tattnal
Wai e
Thursday after White
Friday after, Bulloch
4th Monday, Clinch
Putnam
Rabun
Chat talioocliee
Lee
Twiggs
Wilkes
Johnson
Milton
Thursday after Ilabershain^er the
4thThursday, Montgomery
:3d Monday, Cobbt
Calhoun
Hall
llait
Heard
Macon
Newton
Talbot
Ware
Bulloch
Hiu red ay a ft e r W h i t e
“.h Monday, Clinch
Putnam
Chattahoochee
Lee
Twiggs
Wilkes
Johnson
Milton
Rabun
[Thursday after Habersham
5Ionday af-)
• 4th >1
' ( Echol
’ ( Ellin;
ols
ham
New Arrangement.
Ly
Change of Schedule, on and of ter filondcy 11 to inst
THE Nnhscrihersare convey- XITSk,
ing the C. 8. Mail lrom ^ld*
-dgevilte via Sparta, Culvcr-’gp96^p5$;|££2^’
IV. '1-,and would respectfully invite the at'entionol
tneir friends ami the travelling public, to tlieir new
»ni 1 implete arrangement for travelling facilities
over this line.
SCHEDULE—LeaveMilledgeviDe after the arnva
of t- i : s from Columbus. Mai • n and Savannah; Ar.
five in Sparta at 6 o’clock I’. M. and at Double Well?
nine evening.
Leave Double Wells a'tcr the arrival of morning
trains from Augusta. Atlanta and Athens; Arrive a!
Sparta 11 o’clock, A. M. ; Arrive at Milledgeville same
evening. . , , , .
With good Hacks, fine Stock aud careful drivers,
weeolimaliberalpatronage.^^ & F0 RBS.
sia-i- O tUcem—Milled acril/i Hotel Milled srerille-, Ga
Fdirards.’ Horse. ISnarto
Moore's Hold, Double Wells.
July 11,1859. b tf ~
joarf s?. sOwTSOaN - ,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
F.atonton, Ga., Feb. 14, I860-
50 Saw Cotton Gin for Sale.
ONE of WATSON'S best 50 Saw Cotton Gins,
it off. r»d for sale. This Gin is new, and is equal
to anv iu use. Soldforno fault, the present ow
ners having no use for it. Any planter wanting*
good Gin,can Lave a chance to get one at * re "
ductl- n on the regular price. Apply at this office,
r .V.TIO or J. IT. Wa»«QU. at Albany
1EJ1ALE AUAUEML
MISS ADAMS will re open her school at the
Female Academy on Monday Dec. 2Dfb. -tev
Wr Brooks will continue to teach the classes in
Algebra and Latin.
Terms for the highest class for a session of _
20 weeks ... - - $2.1
For the other Classes, - * *
Latin and French, each, . - 15
Boys will also he received as pupils.
School hours from 8A to 2, o'clock.
rv'Haif payment will be required in advanse
Mill* dguvillo. Dec. 22d. 1862. ®1 4^-
OKXKSLXEBUTLEK
mt’LB. 1RVI5.
IRVIN & BUTLER,
• ATTORNEYS AT LAI,
ALBANY, Georgia.
DP.ACTICE in the Superior Courts of the Soutl
I W esternCircuit,—in Terrell. Randolph, and Ear-
'. T countie*, in the Patanla Circuit,—in Worth and Ma-
C'<ti Countiei., i n (he Macon Circuit, in the United
Circuit Court at Savannah,—and by Bpecia
• rontract.in any County in Southern Georgia.
•anuary let’I860. 34 tf -
Monday af
ter 4th Mon-
day.
APRIL.
1st & 2d Mon. Carroll
1st Monday, Dooly
Franklin
Emanuel
Early
Fulton
Gordon
Pike
Taylor
Wnrrcn
Wilkinson
Thnrsd’yafter Banks
2d Monday, Hancock
Richmond
llairis
Laurens
Miller
Sumter
Tuesday’ after, McIntosh
3d Monday, Glynn
Haralson
Henry
J ones
Liberty
M nrray
< tglethorpe
Pulaski
Stewart
Monday Worth
after* ‘Bryan
4th Monday,Wayne
Decatur
DeKulb
Jasper
Lineoln
Schley
Whitfield
• Wilcox
Friday after, Telfair
Camden
Thursday after, Irwin
Monday “ Berrien
Charlton
MAY
1st Monday. Clayton
S01 iven
Randolph
Uiisoi
Od^Monday, Catoosa
Jefferson
Chatham
* Mitchell
51 useogee
Gilmer
Thursday after T annin,
Id Monday, Bibb
Burke
Qnittman
Spalding
Troup
I'nion
Baker
Tliursdav after Towns
Itb 51onday, Dade
Ter-ell
Last Monday, Colquitt
JUNE.
1st 5Ionday, Lowndes
Dougherty
2d Monday, Brooks
Clay
3d Mondav, Thomas
entrenches—the blue coats work like
beavers. They are great on trenches, and
calls it, I learn, au artillery duel. At about ally in the tones of artillery in reply to
10 a. m., or sooner, both parties threw lor- ! some promptings from us. In the eveninj
ward skirmishers, and they popped at each : the pickets exchanged compliments. K
other with what a beginner would call 1
amazing resolution. At 11 and 1*2 o’clock
it rained smartly, but the skirmishers
kept on. When tlio clouds broke away, a
brisk west wind, changing round to north
west, made it cool, and tbe skirmishers
became still more resolute. This occurred
chiefly on cur left, aud indicated that the
enemy was going to throw most of his
weight in thit direction, and so turn our
position upon that wing. Gen. Bragg,
therefore, transferred General Claborne’s
division from otr right to the left, about
sundown. Our forces at the cldSe were dis
posed tints: r llie divisions of Gens: Mc-
Cown and Clahoine on our left, Withers
and Cheatham in the centre, and Breck
inridge on the riglit. One of their regiments
Undertook to charge one of our batteries,
Robertson'*’ r T’h“y onnfo „ r b
anti were nearly all shot* down, and the
remaining few retired,
On Wednesday Horning, at half past
six, according to precious arrangement,
the attack was brought on by a vigorous
advance of our left. It was a surprise to
the enemy, who was eating his breakfast.
He flew to arms, and, vs best he could,
formed his lines to receivt us. Under the
circumstances, he did it 4v.ll, but our col
umn moved with so mucj precision and
celerilty that lie was drivei.from point to
point with most astonishing ripidity. Very,
soon McCown, Claborne, withers and
Cheatham were bearing down with an im
petuosity and power utterly resistless.—
Battery after battery was cha-ged, taken,
and left behind the advancing legions.—
Through field aud woods, overrocks and
fences, they swept with the fury of a whirl
wind, pausing at nothing, but O’ercoming
everything that lay in their with
the most unyielding courage anl deter
mination. It required such lierov; pluck I
to do it, for the enemy generally rmhitain- j
Thursday was a bright day. The lines j weight of numbers. This hope, however, ; stitation, they exercised a riglit which bc-
sti!l confronted. Rosencrans had formed 1 like those previously entertained by our , ing inherent, required no justification to
his lines south of the Nashville turnpike, | foes, ba3 vanquished. In Virginia, their ! foreign nations, and which international
gradually diverging from it still holding j fourth attempt by invasion by armies law did not permit them to question. The
' ‘ tight where it rested on Wednesday, j wh*c assured success was confidently pre- usages of intercourse between nations do,
a right angle. He is j dieted, has met with decisive repulse. .Our however, require that official communica-
Ile speaks occnssion- j noble defenders under the consumate lead-) tioti be made to friendlj’- powers of all or-
great in fortifications. Imandedhy Generals McDowell, McCIel
Friday the same as Thursday, with an j ] a n and Pope.
ership of their general, have again, at i ganic changes in the Constitution of States
Fredericksburg, inflicted on the forces uu- and there was obvious propriety' in giv
der General Burnside tlio like disastrous : ing prompt assurance of our desire to con-
overthrow as had been previously suffered ! finite amicable relations with all mankind,
by the successive invading armies com- : It was under the influence of these consid-
exception. Rosencrans advances bis left
across Stone’s River, where it runs north
wardly. Iu tlio afternoon, about three o’
clock, General Breckinridge with our
right, advances also. Till dark they
fought with very great desperation and
very close. It was exceedingly bloody.
We drove them across the river, but en
countered so vast a body so securely post
ed that we retired to our position again.—
Our loss, for numbers engaged, 5vas very
heavy. It was here General Hansen re
ceived his almost fatal wound. .
Since Wednesdn-r- *~>»f*ixng Dec. 31,
our cavalry under Gens. Wheeler and
5vnarton have been very active. They
have made a complete circuit of llie enemy
twice, capturing aud destroying several
In the West obstinate battles have
been fought with varying fortunes, mark
ed by frightful carnage on both sides, but
the enemy’s hopes of decisive results leave
again been baffled, while at Vicksburg
another foimidable expedition has been
repulsed with inconsiderable loss on our
side and severe damage to the assailing
forces. On the Atlantic coast the
has been unable to eai>’ 7 tooting beyond
the prote<*G”& sueiter of bis fleets, and the
n -.tj of Galveston has just been recovered
by our forces, which succeeded not only in
the capture of the garrison, hut of one of
the enemy’s vessels of war, which was car
ried from boarding parties from merchant
river steamers. Our fortified positions
have every where been much strengthened
hundred wagons loaded with munitions j a nd improved, affording assurance of
and supplies, the enemy’s stores at Lr
vergne aud Nolensville, about a thousand
head of horses and mules, besides killing
a number of the Yankees, including a
Brigadier General, and taking several
hundred prisoners. On Wednesday they
rendered great service in picking up and
securing prisoneis, and the capture of
artillery, Ac., then madr. They on ,7an.
1st and 2d, reported that the movements
of the enemy in his rear, his trains, See.,
were indicative of a speedy retreat, but no
such indications appear on his front lines.
On the contrary, his entrenching goes on,
and his advance acrose the river Jan. 2,
might be construed into a purpose to stay
where lie is until rested, preparetory to
continuing liis journey to Bridgeport and
Chattanooga.
As addendum, I must mention an inci
dent of Wednesday’s battle. Gen. Alex
ander McDowell AIcCook’s headquarters
ETHE.RIDG6. 8c SON,
factor*, Ccraitiission and Forwarding
merchants,
SAVANNAH, CA.
* D - ETHF.RIUGE. W. D. ETHERIDGE, .Tt.
13th, 1656.
Messrs
8 tf
Echols
51on.tav )
OCTOBER.
1st & 2d M”ii. Cairoll
lst5Ionday, Dooly
Emanuel
Franklin
Early
Fulton
Gordon
Taylor
Warren
Wilkinson
Ttko
Thursday after Banks
2d Monday, Richmond
• Gilmer
Hancock
Harris
Laurens
Miller
Sumter
;Thursday after Kalinin.
3d -Monday, Glynn
Haralson
Henry
Jones
Murray
Oglethorpe
Pulaski
Stewart
Union
W»rtli
Thursday after Towns
Thursday J Montgomery
1 after *
4th5Ionday, Wayne
Decatur
DeKulb
Jasper
Lincoln
Hehlcv
Tattnall
Whitfield
Wilcox
Friday after, Telfair
. Camden
Thursday after. Irwin
Mondav after Charlton •
NOVEMBER.
1st Jlonday, Berrien
Se riven
Glnyton
Effingham
Randolph
I'pson
2d Monday, Catoosa
Jefferson
Mitchell
Muscogee
',3d 51 o: day, Bibb
Burke
Quittmnn
Spalding
Troup
Bakeii
4th Jlonday. Dade
Terrell
Thursday afler, McIntosh
Monday “ Colqmtt
>. “ Liberty
5Ion. »ft er rJ ’ an
DECEMBER.
1st Monday, Dougherty
% Lowndes
2d Monday,IBrooks
Clay
eel his order, and poured torrents of lead j "'ere at the chateau of a gentleman resident
and iron into our rauks. But at every j in the rear of their lines. He commanded
volley from them, our men compomded the enemy’s right wing. When lie heard
the interest on the loan, driving then still I the lirst sound of our attack lie was enga-
on aud back. By one o’clock wo had i ged iu shaving. Ho instantly rose, say-
forced their entire right wiug hack toon j ing, without addressing anybody, in a
their centre, and their centre back u,on j contused and excited manner, “That is
the right extremity of tlieir left, doublhg contrary to orders!” He ordered his
their lines upon themselves, and in son* ; horse to be brought without delay, and,
measure, massing them in a now posi i turning to the gentleman in whose house
tj on- * lie was, hurriedly asked : “Who is oppo-
It must be remembered that all this l^-g me to-day ?” ‘‘Major General Cleat-
fighting and driving was from tlieir right l ^t. Gen. JVcCook turned ashy pale,
to tlieir left. The battle line extending trembling from some nameless eino-
eneral direction from South to North, tu «. rejoined : “Is it possible I have to
the pathway of the battle lay in the same Cheatham again ? _ He mounted
direction. The enemy was, therefore, not »sWsc and rode away, without finishing
. great way further from Bridgcpoit and the .vtercsting operation 111 which he was
Chattanooga at this point and time than
in tlie morning when the battle opened.
That is to say, lie was not driven back
ability to meet, with success, the utmost
efforts of our enemies, in spite of the mag
nitude of their preparations for attack.
A review of our history during the two
years of our national existence affords am
ple cause for congratulation and demands
the most fervent expression of our thank
fulness to the almighty father who has
blessed our cause. We are justified in as
serting, with a pride, surely not unbecom
ing. that these Confederate States have
added another to the lessons taught by
orations that your predecessors, the Pro
visional Government, took early measures
for sending to Europe commissioners
charged with the duty of visiting the cap
itals of the different powers, and making
arrangements for tbe opening of more for
mal diplomatic intercourse.
Prior, however, to the arrival abroad of
those commissioners* th® United States
had commenced hostilities against the
Confederacy by dispatching a secret ex
pedition for the reinforcement of Fort
Sumter, after an express promise to the
contrary, and with a duplicity which has
been fully unveiled in a foimer message.
They had also addressed communications
to the different cabinets of Europe, in
which they assumed the attitude of being
sovereign over this Confederacy, alleging
that these independent States were in re
bellion agfcinst the remaining States of the
Union, and threatening Europe with
manifestations of their displeasure if it
should treat the Confederate States as
having an independent existence. It
soon became known that these pretensions
were considered abroad to be absurd as
they were known to be at home, nor had
Europe yet learned what reliance was to
be placed on the official statement of tlie
Cabinet at Washington. The delegation
of power granted by these States to the
Federal Government to represent them in
history for the instruction of man; that j foregn intercourse had led Europe iDto
they have afforded another example of the the grave error of supposing that their
mpossibility of subjugating a people de
termined to be free; and have demonstra
ted that no superiority of numbers or avail
able resources can overcome the resistance
offered by such valor in combat, such con
stancy under suffering, and such cheer
ful endurance of privation as have been
conspicuously displayed by this people in
the defence of their rights and liberties.
The anticipations with which we entered
into contest have now ripened into a con
viction which is not only shared with 11s
separate sovereignty and independence
had been merged into one common sov
ereignty, and had ceased to have a dis
tinct existence. Under the influence of
this error, which all appeals to reason and
historical fact were vainly used to dispel^
our commissioners were met by the decla
ration that foreign Governments could
not assume to judge between the conflict
ing representations of the two parties as to
the true nature of their previous mutual
relations. The Governments of Great
by tbe common opinion of neutral nations : Britain and France accordingly signified
but is evidently forcing itself upon our cn- j their deteimination to confine themselves
emies themselves. If we but mark the j to recognizing the self-evident fact of the
history of the present yearly resolute per- existence of a war, aud to maintaining a
severance in the path we have hitherto pur- j strict neutrality during its progress.—
sued; by vigorous effort in the development Some of the other powers of Europe pur-
of all our resources for defence; and by con- ■ sued the same course of policy, and it be-
tinued exhibition of the same unfaltering ! came apparent that by some understand-
courage in our soldiers and able conduct in ing. express or tacit, Europe had decided
their leaders as have distinguished the to leave the initiative in all action touching
past, we have every reason to expect that j the contest on this continent to the two
this will be the closing year of the war. j * 1 ~ — : A
c.’frOfcJ «.t Gin ffnttle’o nla
>. Tl>»* dnx
' Gen. Wharton came along with his caval-
westwardly upon Nashville. We seemed
to have made a pivot of the riglit of our
centre, and turned our line upon it, and,
by fighting and driving, changed it from a
north and south to a nearly east nnd wis‘. ,
direction. The battle opened to the right ,
and near the Murfreesboro’ and Salem
ry an\took charge of all Gen. AIcCook’s
baggayj ; and 1 really haven’t heard
wlietbe-he is done shaving yet. lie had
met Chuthain.at Fcrryville, and it is pos
sible lie Dresaw what was in store for ^ie
light wing that day.
of the war. powers just named, who were recognized
The war, which in its inception, was . to have the largest interest involved, both
waged for forcing us back into the Union, 1 by reason of proximity and of the extent
bavliis failed to accomplish that purpose, | and intimacy
of their commercial rela-
passed into .a second stage in which it u-os tion with the States engaged in the war.
Tl io I *1 *. »I _ £• 1!
Turnpike, and at this period had passed
across the Triune Dirt Road, the W ilkin-
Anoth-r Dissolution Impcndiug.
A generj smash up of the United
States is n»w considered inevitable by
sou or Nolensville Turnpike and approach- , uaI1 y beside the people of the South,
cd the Nashville Turnpike aiid the Nash- At tlieNortb tl»probabilities are being dis
ville and Chattanooga Railroad. I p to CUS scd general!;, and the number who not
this time and this point our victory wns on ]y admit that there can be no Union so
complete and overwhelming. We had f ar as the South are concerned, hut also
driven the foe some four or five miics, cap- think a dissolution of the remaining States
tured about 4.000 prisoners, including w jh take place, at--,not few. We find the
three Generals, some thirty-five pieces oi following in the Chicago Times
artillery, and inflicted a loss upon the enc-
attempted to conquer and ruin these | It is manifest that the course of action
States as dependent provinces. Defeat- adopted by Europe, while based ou an ap-.
in this second design, our enemies have ; parent refusal to determino tho .question,
evidently entered upon another, which or to side with either party, was in point of
can have no other purpose than revenge 1 fact an actual decision againt our rights
and thirst for blood and plunder of private ! and in favour of tho groundless proten-
property. But however impracticable sions of tho United States. It was a re-
tlicy may be, they can have neither the ! fusal to treat us as an independent Gov-
spirit nor the resources required for a j eminent. If we wero independent States,
fourth year of a struggle uncheered by j the refusal to entertain with us the same
any hope of success, kept alive solely for 1 international intercourse as was maintaiu-
the indulgence of mercenary and wicked cd with our enemy was unjust, and was in-
passions, and demanding so exhaustive an jjurious in its effects, whatever may have
expenditure of blood and money as has I been the motive which prompted it.—
hitherto been imposed on their people. : Neither was it in accordance with the
The advent of peace will be hailed with high moral obligations of that internation-
joy. Our desire for it has never been a l code whose chief sanction is the con-
' T the ^ CODCea ^ e! ^’ Our efforts to avoid the war, ; science of sovereigns and the public opin-
a,o ic j f ovcec j Qn ns as was* by the lust of con- j ion of mankind, that those eminent pow
ers should decline the performance of a
iarly incumbent on them, from
. . . . „.i • j “ "ltimo . A . ■, ! quest and the insane Mesions of our foes, 1 ers should
my treble our own, to B a, nothing of the Htstory does not make us acquainted | 1 to inallki !hh But earnest as duty pecul
small arms and personal equipage sire* n with so deplorable allure as this admin- ; our wish e and great as any apprehension of the consequences to
from Dan to Bersheba. miration. It has nevfer demanded men : have beeu our 8acrific ^ s a nd sufferings du 'themselves. One immediate and necessa
Here, however, the enemy rallied all hut more were tortlicottung than it de ® ,r r j n „ the war, the determination of this 1 ry result of their declining the responsi
his energies for a desperate struggle.— ed, and.it lias ne5er ased tor money nut Je has w ; th eac h SUC ceeding month be- bility of a decision which must have been
Fortune favored him, and the wily Rosen- its lap w r as filled to o.ernow’ing. . >* itb , u —„., a anv 4s\ ♦V»« r.vtroronmnf nrntnneifma nf
crans availed himself of the favor,
front of ourxight centre, say
rose a naked oval hill commanding in all
directions—not very high, but-exceedingly
available. Upon this hill lie placed a
crown of twenty guns, more or less, imme
diately supporting them by a brigade of
regulars, and holding an infinite.numher
as a secondary support. In addition to
this lie had ranged other batteries on the
slopes nt the foot of the hill, raking the
come unalterable and fixed, to endure any adverse to the extravagant pretensions of
be favor. In tfiese unlimited means and nearly two j fferi d con tinueany sacrifices, liow : - the United Stales, was the prolongation
a mile distant ^ 1 e ™ r Pronged, until their right of self | of hostilities to which our enemies were
prolonged,
1 . 1 ' government and the sovereignty and inde- thereby encouraged and which have re
Asto military successes we have had i b _ii-i.„..„ 1 : ,i.:„„ v„* „<•
3d 5Innday Tliomas
at each
i. II. & L. II. KENAN,
Associated in the Practice of Law
Office 1st Door upon "2d floor of
. MASONIC HALL.
I»n-23d.ia'7. 35 tf.
J. A. & W. W. TURNER,
attorneys at law.
Eatonton, Ga*
6t81u,,tj |gg| 9 It.
May holds three weeks, ifr.ecessary,
tJuJfre not reqnired t( Y^/'weeks’^Court
weeks; and not obliged to hold t ^
in eonr.ties of Cohh and Lumpkin. —
NEW G °5? I>S
FROM THE LATE
Charleston Package Sales.
A A Tds. English Ginghams.
600 -EMs. English Shamhrays.
890 Yds. English Calicoes.
300 Yds. Canton Tlannei.
PINS,
NEED&ES,
BAX& IPXWSi
LINEN
Tine Combs, White Cotton Soso,
tLc-.m c.,
JUST RECEIVED and lor & CO-
* Millcdgarille, Dec. «»tb. “
none
subsequent reverses
reverses are now,
strength is greater than it harbeen at any
time in the future.
But if the army were doused, what j
ground of hope? Is not the mor^J strength i
surrounding plain. Brigadier General j of our cause gone?- Do we long,^ present
Chalmers, supported by Brigadier Gen
eral Donelson, was ordered to take the
position. Y'ou can easily imagine llie
infinite danger of the charge, but you can
scarcely immagiue the steady heroism
with which these men advanced to it and
made it. The storm which poured upon
them, including all the short range missiles
was incredibly severe. Our shattered
columns stood in the midst of that tempest
long enough to bring off two batteries.—
General Bieckinridge, who held our right,
north of Stone’s river, and who had not
been previously engaged, was now ordered
across, with a view of relieving our wea
ried columns and taking the hill. The
brigades of Generals Adams and Jackson
were formed and sent forward. They
imitated the coolness and courage of their
predecessors, going forward with alacrity
aud firmness. They met the same tempest
of shell, grape, and canister and musketry
| and recoiled. They again rallied, and
! mshing with almost superhuman devotion,
1 complexly enveloped by the tornado,
to military succesaeb we navenau , "deuce of these States shall have been suited in nothing hut t
11 tose u ues ta iceu os ^ , triumphantly vindicated and firmly estab-, and devastation on this
auent reverses. And our greatest / ■' I . ,
when * U r military j llshed '
In this connection tlie occasion seems
not unsuitable for some reference to the
relations between the Confederacy and
the neutral powers of Europe since the
separation of these States from the former
the grand, heroic spectacle of \ people ! Union.
striving for the perpetuity of their' nation- ! Four of the States now members of the
ality? On the contrary, have \» e not Confederacy were recognized by name as
dwarfed the war to the pitiful dittr^sious j independent sovereignties in a treaty of
of a contest as to what shall be the status > peace, concluded in the year 1783, with
of the debased and irreclaimably lafrbar- | one of the two great maratime powers of,
ous negro amongst us/ And as te this ' TT estern Europe, and had been, prior to
mean contest, are the people of the iGrth ’ that period, allies in war of the other. In
united/ On the contrary, are they jot the year 177S they formed a I nion with
about to become so divided that the \\W . nine other States under articles of C in fed-
1 r»LTcSis i * * w.*«.-
ht of the i tage conferred on the aggressors in
scenes of carnage
continent, and of
misery and suffering on the other, such as
have scarcely a parallel in history. Had
those powers promptly admitted our right
to be tieated as all other independent na
tions, none can doubt that the moral effect
of such action would have been to dispel
the delusion underwhicli tbeUnited .States
have persisted in tlieir efforts to accom
plish our subjugation. To the continued
hesitation of the same powers in rendering
this act of simple justice towards this
Confederacy is still due the continuance
of the calamities which mankind suffers
from the interruption of its peaceful pur
suits, both in the old and the new worlds.
There are other matters in which less
than justice has been rendered to this peo-
broken, perhaps, into more man iv« ; three ot them, \ lrginia, - . . -
parts? and Georgia, together with eight of the tage conferred on the
These will he the fruits of Abolitionism.i States now members of the United States. > "H-ked war. A the inception of ■
These will be the fruits of the election ot needed from it in 1789 and these eleven | Hies the inhabitants of the Confederacy
an Abolitioral sectional candidate to the ^ceding States formed a second Union. l were almost ^Ju^cdy^ agriculturalists.
Presidency—fruits long ago predicted by ^though by tho terms of the articles ot those of the United States to g
the best statesmen of the land. The fa- Confederation express provision - ' vas tent,niecha ! 1,csandinercb ^. ’, ;
naticism and corruption, and folly, and in- m\de that the first Union should be per- mo commercial marine, while^ them mer
” ’ - ■ • p'tual- Their right to secede notwith-, chant vessels covered the^ocean. We
steading this provision, was neither con-
competence which preside at the fountain
have poisoned the whole stream, and the
demoralization so enervating and paraly
zing at Washington enfeebles and pros
trates every branch of the public service.
The Times indulges in many remarks
were without a navy, while they had
3ffhV L P = n ’frr which they powerful fleets. The. advantage* "bich
.h, ,uh je c L?f aw |
sion »ith anv third power. When at a , .
lat4"riod, North Carolina acceded to anced in some measure by the exposure
of their commerce to attack by private
armed vessels. It was known to Europe
that within a few years past the United
states had peremptorily refused to accede
to proposals for abolishing privateering,
on the ground, as alleged by them, that
nations owning powerful fleets would
thereby obtain undue advantage over
those possessing inferior; naval forces. Yet
no sooner was war flagrant between the
[ Confederacy and tbe United States, than
i the maratime powers of Europe issued or-
i ders prohibiting cither party from bringing
prizes into ihcir ports This prohibition
directed with apparent impartiality against
both belligerents, rvas in reality effective
against the Confederate States alone, for
they alone could find a hostile commerce
ou the ocean. Merely nominal against
tbe United States, the prohibition opera
ted with intense severity on the Confed
eracy, by depriving it of the only means
of maintaining, with some approach to
equality, its struggle on the ocean against
the crushing superiority of naval force
possessed by its enemies. The value and
efficiency ot the weapon which was thus
wrested from our grasp by the combined
action of neutral European powers in fa
vor of a nation whiefi professes openly its
intention of ravaging their commerce by
privateers in any future war, is strikingly
illustrated by the terror inspired -among
the commercial classes of the United States
by a single cruiser of the Confederacy.
One national steamer commanded by offi
cers and manned by a crew who are de
barred, by the closure of ueutral ports,
from the opportunity of causing captured
vessels to be condemned in their favor as
prizes, lias sufficed to double the rates of
marine insurance in Northern ports and
consigned to forced inaction numbers of
Northern vessels, in addition to the direct
damage inflicted by captures at sea. How
difficult, then, to overestimate the effects
that mush have been produced by the
hundreds of private armed vessels that
would have swept the seas in pursuit of
the commerce of our enemy, if the means
of disposing of tlieir prizes had not been
withheld by the action of neutral Europe!
But it is especially in relation to the
so called blockade ef our coast that the
policy of European powers has been so
shaped as to cause the greatest injury to
the Confederacy, and to confer signal ad
vantages on the United States. The im
portance of this subject requires some de-
5’elopmenf.
Prior to the year 1856, the principles
regulating this subject %vere to be gath-
eicd from the writings of eminent pub
licists, the decisions of admiralty courts, *
international treaties, and the usages of
nations. The ur.certinty and doubt which
prevailed in reference to the true rules of
maratime law, in time of war, resulting
from the discordant and often conflicting
principles announced from such Varied
and independent sources, had become a
grievous evil to mankind. Whether a
blockade was allowable against a port not
invested by land as well as by sea; wheth
er a blockade was valied by sea if the
investing fleet was merely sufficient to
render ingress to the blockaded port “evi
dently dangerous,” or whether it was
further required for its legality that it
should he sufficient “really to prevent
access,” and numerens other similar ques
tions had remained doubtful and undeci
ded.
Animated by the highly hononrable
desire to pnt an end “to differences of opin
ion between neutrals and belligerents,
which may occasion serious difficulties aud
even conflicts,” (I quote the official lan
guage.) the five great powers of Europe,
together with Sardinia and Turkey, adopt
ed, in 1856, the following “solemn declar
ation” or {rinciples.
1. Privateering is, and remains abolish
ed 1
2. The neutral flag covers, enemy’a
goods, with the exception of contraband of
war.
3. Neutral goods, with the exception
of contraband of war, are not liable to
capture under enemy’s flag.
4. Blockades, in order to bo binding,
must he effective; that is to say, maintain
ed by a force sufficient really to prevent
access to the coast of the enemy.
Not only did this solemn decla* ation an
nounce to the world the principles vo which
the signing powers agreed to conform in
future wars, but it contained a clause to
which these powers gave immediate effect,
and which provided that the States, not
patties to the Congress ofParis, should be
invited to accede to the declaration. Un
der this invitation every independent
State in Europe yielded its assent; at
least, uo instance is known to me of a re
fusal; aud the United States, while de
clining to assent to the proposition which
prohibited privateering, declared that the
three remaining principles were in entire
accordance with their own views of inter
national law.
No instance is known in history of the
adoption of rules of public law under cir
cumstances of like solemnity, with like -
unanimity, aud pledging the faith of na
tions with a sanctity so peculiar.
When, therefore, the Confederacy was
formed, and when neutral powers while
deferring action on its demand for admis
sion into the family of nations, recognized
it as a belligerent power, Great Britain
and France made informal proposals about
the same time that their own rights as
neutrals should be guaiantied by our ac-
ceeding, as belligerents, to the declaration
of principles made by the Congress of
Baris.—The request was addressed to our
sense of justice, and therefore met im
mediate favourable response in the resolu
tions of the Provisional CoDgresB of the
13th of August, 1861, by which all- the
principles announced by the Congress of
Paris were adopted as the guide of our
conduct during the war, with the sole
exception of that relative to privateering.
As the right to make use of privateers
was one in which neutral nations had. as
to the present war, no interest; as it was a
right which the United States had refus
ed to abandon and which they remained
at liberty to employ against ns; as it was
a right of which we were already in actual
enployment, and which we should not be
expected to renounce floffrante hello against
an adversary possessing an overwhelm
ing superiority of naval forces, it was re
served with entiro confidence that neutral
nations could not fail to perceive that just
reason existed for the reservation. Nor
was this confidence misplaced, for the
official documents published by the British
Government, usually called “Blue Books,”
contain the expression of the satisfaction
of that government with the conduct of
the- officials who conducted successfully
the delicate business confided to their
charge.
These solemn declarations of principle,
this implied agreement between the Con
federacy and the two powers just named,
have been suffered to remain inoperative
against the menaces and outrages on neu
tral rights, committed by the .United
States with unceasing and progressing ap»