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BOMHTOX, XISBET .& MMES, Publishers and Proprietors. s. BorcHTonr,, JO*. 1*. NISHET. %\n Cairfc'jtrate Snion Jj published f Ycckhj, in MillcJgerilie, Cut., Corner of Hancock and Wilkinson Sts., (opposite Court House.) At $3 a year in Advance. RATES OF ADVERTISING. rer square of twelve lines. 0 ne insertion $1 00, and fifty cents for each subsequent continuance. ybosesent without the specification of thenumberof insertions willbe published till forbid and charged accordingly. Business or ftrofessional Cards, par year, where they do not exceed Sis Lines ... $10 Ot: A lib Aa it contract will be made with those who wish to rl/se by the year, occupying a specif cd space LR(J AL AD VERTISEJIEKTS. if LandslmLNugroea, by Administrators. nil the ltl in i i Ex- or OUftr.nans, nrereqnired by law to be held • ret Tuesday in the mouth;between the hours ol ■ to*»40on and three in the afternoon, at the ('rnin 4 Totts&.i|i_ thercoar.ty m. which the property is sit uated. : , Notice of thesesales n%ast be given in a puhliega- z#Hfjlit,day»piie»ious to fife day ofsalo. * V >fi -as for the sale ofjtersona! property must begiv- ^,•1 like mtnpctt I s irrevious to sale day. ilo tli is debtors and creditors of an estate must .|>ahltstie - l It) days. o i'.H^smiicjition will be made to the Court of sellLand or Negroes, must be *<li Administration Gtiardianship. iustba pulihstred 30 days—for dismission from Ajjt,[[jvdjilration^monthly si.c months— for dismissioD t; irnfl;; irVia- iiip, 40 days. ®tTiW^ro- forejjwure of Mortgage mn-d bo published rejb,i l k’'i(nr {rinr vianth*—for establishing lost papers. f<V/sLhjyf'^ sparsef /It rce mnn1k$—fur*'pnmpelKugtiHes ornduiiiiistrutor*, wiser** fafind ha GREAT SPEECH iiov OK TIIE €. E. VAEEA.VDIVGUAJI, l i’O.V THE WAR, Latch) delivered in the House of llepr, | North and tlie South, an<l no liiieof j shall.be wiseVnexTtime. Let not cot- | httitudojiip.on which to separate; and j tonUe king, but peace-maker, ami ni- >\T*r a line of longitude shall .he LutriLJJie blessing. cd;/—Jit demands the stoppage of the j their chasms or penetrate themrork- j with foreign fleets-and War—Ills idea of the Relations of the i^st sides. Tlie electric telegraph fol- ! us. will be fifty-fold States. j lows, and, stretching its connecting 4han ever before. *• What tlien, I ask, is the immediate^ direct cause of disunioiMtul civil war/ Slavery it is answered. Sir, that is ' tial, and, therefore, the most dan the philosophy of the rustic in the play—“that a great cause of the night is lack of the sun.” Certainly slavery Was in one sense—very obscure in deed—the cause of the war. Had there been no slavery here, this pat Sir, an anti-siavery paper in New York', (the 'fmhitnc) the most intlucn- lows, and, (Concluded.) Can the Union of these States he restored/ IIow shall it he done/ And why not? Is it historically im possible? Sir the frequent civil wars and conflicts betw stretchin ^ lorn its voca" heaven. But if disunion in force a would uev- a like sense ous of all that class—it would ex hibit more dignity, and command more of influence, if it were alwavs to discuss public questions and pub lic men with a decent respect—laying aside now the epithets of “secession ist” and “traitor,” has returned to its ancient political nomenclature, ami callscertain men of this house “pro- slaverv.” Well, sir, in the old sense n.ed, liio full space of three continued according to m'* .Aliens otherwise ordered I-’75 4 50 3 00 4 00 *,RjA T r: S : ■oracmip4»<i'Hlion, See. -,.iry from Admr'n. (JuanliausBip. o l) Land or Negroes Tubtms.auticreiiitovi*. 3 00 nAp.-monal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 50 laud or negroes by Executors, Jtc. pr sqr. 5 00 •a-tivo weeks l 50 fnan advertising his wife(in advance,) 5 00 BOOK-BINDING j tablished, it will be east of the Missis- common interest, then still re | sippi Valley, ’l’he Alleghanies are no ! mains to us. .-And Union/gr the com- j longer a barrier. Highways' iisceifd'^ilhm defense, at the eifd of this war, sen fat ires of 1 hr. United States -Ilis | them everywhere, and the railroads j taxed, indebted,• impoverished, ex- viev's on the Crisis—His prunosedrem-\ no 'y cbmb their summits and span j hausted as both sections must le, and ’ ’ armies uound more esiential j ticular war about slavery j---, , vmwi.ipiijituo.iv.m suu.c And finally,' sir, j er have been waged, in -m-g tint clouds, there mingles : without Union our domestic tranquili-1 the holy sepulchre was j. 120 cause oi ightnings with the fires of! ity must forever remain unsettled. If the war ot the Crusades; and had | it cannot be maintained witlin the j Troy or Carthage never existed, there of the term as applied to the Demo- tlie East w ill : Union, how then outside of -it j never would have been * Trojan and craiic party, 1 will not object. I said separation of any of these | without an exodus or colonization j Carthagenian war, and no such person- years ago, and it is a fitting time to re states, and a boundary line, purely | of the people of one section jr the ages as Hector and Hannibal; and 110 peat it: conventional, is at last to be marked j other to a distant country? Sit, I re- ! Illiad or zEnead would ever have “If to love my country; to cherish Greece did not prevent their cordiaU out ’ nu,st and Wld bc e i tber from j peat that two govornmc!’ts ‘interlink- j been written. But far better say the Union; to revere the‘Constitution; union to resist the Persian invasion* • ^* a ^ c Erie U P 0U tbe sbor t e& t line to. j ed and bound together every vay by that the negro is the cause of the war; if to abhor the madnbss and hate the nor did even the thirty vears Pelo ion' ' tbe O b, ° n v ^ r » or from Manhattan to ; physical and social ligaments, cannot j for had there been no negro here, treason which would lift up a sacrili- nesian war, sprino-inff‘in part froin th" ’ tllC Canadas - * | exist in peace without a common ar-| would be no war just now. What | gious hand against either; if to read abductiomof' slaves"’and embittered And now sir, is there any difference j biter. Will treaties bind us? What | then? Exterminate him? Who de-j that in the past, to behold it in the and disastrous as it' was let Timer- °^. race h? reso radical as to forbid re-1 belter treaty than the Constitution? ! mands it? Colonize him? How? | present, to foresee it in the future of didos speak—wholly destroy the fUt" un iP n - I do not refer to the ifegro j What more solemn, more durable? I Where? When? At whose cost? Sir Ihis land, which is of more value to us lowship of these states? The ; s " ! ra< * l N styled now, in unctuous official : Shall we settle our disputes then bv : let us have amend of this folly. J and to the world for ages to come Romans ended the "three years' social P ! , irase ! b . v tm ' President, “Americans, arbitration-and compromise? Sir, let i But slavery is the cause of the war. j than all the multiplied millions who war after manv hlrmdv h-itcl. s . 1! °1 African descent.” Certainly, sir, I us arbitrate and compromise now, in- Why? Because the South obstinate- , have inhabited Africa from thccrea- mucb attrocitv liv' ■uhnittinrr i tkere are two white races in the Uni- j side of tbc? Union. Certainly it will j ly and wickedly refused to restrict or i lion to this day!—If this is tobepro- of Italy to alfthe priviie-es'of R m'" ! tcd Statcs ’ both from tbd S91nc com- | be quite as easw. • i abolish it at the demand of the phi-| slavery, then in every nerve, fibre, citizenship—the very object to secure ! n . 10U stock ’ an , d >‘ et s .° distinct—one of i And now sir, to all these original j losophers or fanatics and demogogues j vein, bone, tendon, joint and ligament, •eclionalisrh_ a dismtegcatierr . jealousy an?E2!Si-these. sir, are tlie only - c ®l n ® n . t ^®f con di c t between these States, aad jet not at families, communities, towns, citie^doito- A tics and States ; and iY nq^fcepresseirwould aisaflve’ aii- ’.' They exist also between o7L.r"sections than the North and Sovitln. .Seefionalisux EastTniany } r e5rs ago, sfi^thevSfcntb and West united by ties of geograjdncal positton • migration, intermarriage and interests, and thus strong enough to control the power 1 qnd policy of the Union. It found' us divided only by different forms of labor; and with consummate but guilty sagacity, it seized upon the question of slavery as the surest and most powerful instrumen tality by which to separate the West from the South, abd hind her wholly to the ' North. Encouraged every way from abroad by those who were jealous of our prosperity and greatness, and who knew the secret of our strength it proclaimed the “irrepressible conflict” between slave - and freo labor. It taught the people of the North to forget both their duty and their in terests ; and aided by the artificial liga- meuts and influence which monoy and enter prise had created between the seaboard and r the North west, it persuaded the people of that section, also, to yield up every tie which hinds them to the great valley of., tlio MiMimippi, mul to join their pollllcill fortunes especially wholly with the East. It resisted the fugitive slave lav,', and demanded the exclusion ot slavery from all the Territories and from this District, and clamored against the admission of any _ more slave States into the UnioD. It -- - j which those States had taken un arms j tbeni 80 peculiar that they develop j causes and motives which impelled. , . . w>i. 11 , - 1 - two torms of civilization, and might il ie Union at first, must be added cer-; was abolition, the purpose to abolish . the last extremity ot the toot, 1 am all j of the North and West. Then sir, it from the topmost hair of the head to The border war between Scotland and England, running through centuries, i did not prevent the final Union, in peace and by adjustment, of the two kingdoms'underone Monarch. Com-; or interfere with and hem in slavery, j over altogether a pro-slavery man.” which caused disunionami war. SI a- | And now, sir, I come to the great promise did at last what ages ’of coer- fro,,l Uw non-slaveholding States. belong, almost to .different types ol j tain artificial ligaments, which eighty mankind. But the boundary of these j years of association under a common . , . -.-•1-1 two races is not at all marked by the J government mostly developed. Chief! Ve r. v is only the subject, but aoolition i and controlling question witmn which line which divides the slat^holding | alu0I1 ,r these are canals, steam navi-1 t- be cause of this civil war. It was | the whole issue ot union ojr cb» j s t \— on “irrepressible B i gation, railroads, express companies, j persistent and determined agita-j bound up: non-slaveholding States? Tue Subscriber i.t now pre I cion and attempted conquest had fail- ,ace ‘ s to be tlie geographical limit of i the post office, the newspaper press, | fi° n in the free Sta.tes.of the question, in 0 ali^'rSSf; j to effect. England kept the crown ! ±7^11* ^ ,? li,son • J,u<! Dixon cau ! ^ that terrible agent of good and i of abolishing ^veryn,,.^ ib ,^ uthe Ol'I Books rebound, &c.. ! while Scotland gave the king to wear j 1 .* • \ * , , . . . i evil mixed—“spirit of health and yet , ^mitct n »%^ V ecn the- forms of labor Caro MUSIC bound in the bc»t style, c.axk Books | ; t alu ] t he memories of Wallace, the iniilaMnnnl fn nr.ipr Promnt ftt.tentiftfl W ill b0 • ’ i tic manutactured oiver. to ail MilledgeVrr •dcr. Prompt attention k entiustcd to me. S. J. KIDD. -=*«, Fcv?cj «! t'niou OCicc. SPECIAL HOI to. " | Bruce of Bannockburn, became part of - ti>o glories of British history. I i Next, sir, do not the causes which in 1 j the beginning impelled to union, sfiil j exist in their utmost force and cxront? I Lj. 1 J-'IIK iniih !>y-t:: d lmvinfr remr vod from Mil- lcdgeviile Ct f i.‘ ^ j,nd intends to clone up his business mutters of that place speedily as possi ble. All persons indebted are notified that the i:o‘, es and accounts are in tlio hands of J. A. Bitr.CDI.iivi;, and P. H. Lawi.eu, who areautbori zed to collect and make settlemei is If not ar ranged at an eai !y u -iX-, settl&ments will be enforced b\ law. 13 tf. A. 0. VAIL, Agent. filled all England with cruelty and slaughter; yet compromise and inter- would have followed Gb- thirteen colonies. marriage ended the suite at last, and j 115011 .. cnage, •neof.the strongest of I powerful ee red \\cvo blend- i t.m ngamctu- w j 1 j c j l |,j 11( ] a people, union. The 1 Must cottou and rice fields of South _ , Junnu^NWWvecn thtr-forms of labor , Carolina, and the sugar plantations of goblin dafnned if free, the 1 in the two sections, or in the false and j Louisiana,” in the language of Mr. ?L tr “uppf«t iiistruJiicnt of mischievous cant of the day, between j Seward, “be ultimately tilled by free 1 . t j je pfaguetic ' freedom and slavery, that forced a col- j labor, and C harleston and New Orleans ' ” ’ ’ ' -1 become marts for legitimate inerclmn- - disc alone, or else the rye fields and heat fields of Massachusetts and . V ' - 1m. „iii;rr>i.Vl.'A>d hv ;eir farmers to slave culture ana the the fortunes of so long as a healthy condition of the But, assuming the platforms' of the ’ production of slaves, and Boston and Next, a com- body politic continued, they became | Republicans as the standard, -and staj New Nork become once more mar- organized a sectional anti-slavery party, and thus drew to its aid as well political ambition and interest as fanaticism ; and after twenty-two years of incessant and vehement agitation, it obtained possession finally, and 4 upon that issue, c-f the Federal gover'nment’and of every State government North and West. And to-day, wc are ia ibe midst of frlie greatest, most cruel, most .destructive civil war ever waged. Bat two j'oor^, sir, of blood and debt and tax ation and incipient commercial ruin - arc teaching the people of the West, and I trust ot the North aino, folly amUmad- isiaYfe- Wesfern & Atlantic (Stale Kaiircad. Atlanta to Chattanooga, 136 Miles, Fare $G 00 JOHN S. ROWLAND, Svpt. l-aiwngrr Trail Leave AtlanU; st Arrive.,! Chattanooga at Leav Atlanta a! Arrive at Chattanooga at Arcoiamoctalicn S’n.rrMg Leave Atlanta Arrive at Kinpstuu Leave Kingston. — ..... Arrive at Atlanta 6 45 A.M. Tins Road connects each way with the Rome Brnncff Railroad at Kingston, the East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad at Dalton, arid the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad at Chattanooga. Julv 529, 1802. 10 tf. 7 30 P. M. 4 37 A. M 4 no A. M. 5 15 P. M Trrtju. , “J 40 P M. . f> 57 P. M. . 4 30 A. M. iNew Arrangement. Chanye of Schedule, on ar.d after Monday 1 ItA inst T11E Subscribers are convey- spp : .i\Z :ue C. S. Mail from Mil- ddes 1 Seville via Sparta, Culvi tea nad Poweiton to Doubled. Wells,and would re their friends and and complete ar over thi-lfne. the white rose and the ! ed into one ! Who dreamed .a month before the death of Cromwell that in two years | the popple of England, after twenty years of civil war and usurpation, with great unanimity, would re store the house of Stewart in tlie person of its most worthless prince, whose father, but eleven years before they bad beheaded? And could have foretold, in the beginning of 151-2, that within some three years, Napo leon would be iu exile upon a desert island, and the Bourbons restuiedy Armed foreign intervention did it; but it is a strange history. Or who then expected to see a nephew of Napoleon thirty-five years later, with the con sent of the people, supplant the Bour bon and reign Emperor of France? Sir, many States and people, once sep arate, have become united in the course of ages through natural causes and without conquest; but I remember a single instance only in history of States Had we. I been mmentiim acencies of ting the case most strongly in favor of | kets for trade in the Ijodies and souls numerous° voluntary as- that party, it vras the refusal of the ; of men?” If so, then there is an end charita- : South to'Consent that slavery should j of all uniou and forever. You cannot P t o T m. d -j. • Li .I miiuous to Great soctations, artistic, , , , , „ , , , .. , , , , Britain, either the caiiU, which ]ed to | ble> soci;J i aild scientific, until corrupt- | be excluded from the .Territories that j abolish slavery by the sword; still less literary, N'orth ; by proclamations,though the President or people once united, and speaking the same language, who have been . r im P trave^g i J\fb"ic , , ll to R theTr i0 new f ' orced permanently asunder by civil rangement ior travelling facilities \ Strife Of War, Unless they Were SCpa- SCHEDULE—LeaveMilWgeville after the arriva ot trains frvn Columbu?. Macon and Savannah; Ar rive in Sparta at 0 o’clock P.M. and at Double Well, same evening. Leave Double Wells after the arrival of morning trains from Auirusta. Atlanta and Athens; Arrive st Sparla 11 o’clock, A. 31.; Arrive at Milledgevillesame evening. With good Hacks, fine Stock and careful drivers, we solicit aliberalpatronage. MOORE & FORBS. 8»ageOfflcc»—MilledSeville Hotel Milled gniUe-,G a Edwards' House. Sparta. Moore's Hotel, Double Wells. July 11,1859. 8{ f- uong with these were similar, at least ! strong ties which bound us together. } the slave power.” That miserable not essentially dissimilar, manners,hab- j And yet till tkose, perverted and j spectre, that unreal mockery, has its, laws, religion and institutions ot j abused for some years in the hands of j been exorcised and expelled by debt all kinds, except one. ’1 he common ■ bad or fanatical men, became more ; and taxatiou and blood. If that pow- defence was anotlier powerful incen- . powerful instrumentalities in the fatal j er did govern this country for the six th e, and is named in the Constitution | work of disunion; just as the veins I tv years preceding this terrible revo- as one amoue the <)bjects of the more j and arteries?ofatlfq. .2ruman body, "de-| lution, then-the sooner this govern- nenect l inott of 1/b/. htronirer vet signeu w v v « :..- Tj .. t_- • ,, . , , • • , .• _ . f, ,, . , , ■ » , 3 1 ,, v , f n.wri nujntand administration return to the than all these, perhaps, ‘but made up j through every part it, will-carry j principles ana pumry ur ouua^.„ of all them was a common interest, j also, and with increased rapidity-it ; statesmanship, the better for the couu- Variety of climate and soil, and there- j may be, the subtle poison which takes j try; and that,.sir, is already, or soon fore of production, implying also ex- j life away. Nor is this all. It was j will be, the judgment of the people, tent of country, is not an element of i through .their agency that tlie impris- / But I deny that it was the slave pow- separation, but added to contiguity, j oned winds of evil war were all .let i er that governed for so many years, becomes a part of the ligament of in-; loose at first with such sudden and ap-i and so wisely and well. It was the tercst and is one of the toughest strands. palling fury; and, kept in motion by ; Democratic party and its principles | political power, they have miirlSHfred.j and policy, modled and controlled, in- of Variety of production is the parent j to that fury ever But potent | deed, largely by Southern statesmen, the earliest commerce and trade; ! alike for good'Srfrf-^^^they and these, in their full developments may >yetb Neither will I be stopped by that oth mder t’ni^cplltrol of'the people, and j er cry of mingled fanaticism and hy- '* barbarism josar a*, bowscin, ATTORNEY AT LAW, B.vrosvos.ci. Eatonton, Ga., Feb. 14, 16G0. 58 tf. 50 Saw Cotton Gin for Sale. ONE of WATSON'S best 50 Saw Cotton Gins, is offered for sale. This Gin is new, and is equal to any in use. Sold for no fault, the present ow- ners having no use tor it. Any plauter wanting;; good Gin,can have a chance to get one at a re duction on the regular price. Apply at this office < 1 ot N. Tift, or J. IT. Watson, at Albany il 0 E S. UII ll lUV kJl, j 1.1 111V.J1 Itlll VIv DlU^'IIiv-ll c. ' L A , I J o are, as between foreign nations, hos-‘ in the^iands of wise, good, and patrfj pocrisy, about the sin and* b? tages for peace; and between States otic mqtq lie mqde-the most effective j of African slavery. Sir, I st and people united, they are the firmest agencies,•fitud^t-FrovidcMice, in the re- | of barbarism and sin, a, t union of these States. *V # Other ties, also, less material in see more thousand times, in the continuance of this war, the dissolution of the Union, the their nature, but hardly less persua- | breaking up of tlie government and rated by distance or vast neutral boun daries. * « . i bonds of union. But, alter all, the The secession of the ten tribes is the strongest of the manyoriginal im- exceptiou; these parted without actual pelting causes to the Union, was , . ^ . war; and their subsequent history is I the securing of domestic tranquility, sive, have grown up under the Union.) the enslavement of the white race by not encouraging to secession. But ! The statesmen of 17S7 well knew that Long association, a common history, j debt and taxes and arbitrary power, when Moses, the greatest of all states- between thirteen independent but con- national reputation, treaties and tli- The day of fanatics and sophists and men, would secure a distinct national- ' tiguous States, without a natural plomatic iutcroourae abroad, adiuis-^enthusiasts, thank God, is gone at last; ity and Government to the Hebrews, j boundary, ami wtth nothing to sepa- sion of new States, a common jnris-1 and though the ’ age of chivalry may he left Egypt and established his peo- ! fffto them except the machinery of prudence, great men whose names | not, the age of practical statesman- tbe machinery of x pie in a distant countn. In mdderri j similar governments, there must be a. ! and fames are patrimony of thd'Yvhole j ship is about to return, times the Netherlands,'three centuries | perpetual, in tact, an “irrepressible country, patriotic music and 'songs,; Sir, I accept the lang ago, won their independence by the conflict” of jurisdiction and interest, | common battle field and glory won sword; but France and the English | which there being no other common under the same flag—these make up language and intent of the Indiana resolution to the full— “that in considering the terms of set tlement we will look only to the wel fare, peace and safety of the white race, without reference to the effect that settlement may have upon the condition of the African.” And when /X DOZ. HOES Just received «,nl iV>r sale OU bv WRIGHT &WKOWN. •b 2d, 1SG3. 37 tf. I Fc A Dl : ft T J A DUS!! tjpHE undcrfipriPd request all persons indebted *- to them to call and settle. HEHTY & HALL. Milledeeviile, Jan 10th. 1802. 34 tf lAM’L D.IRV1S. GREENLEE BUTLER mm & BUTLER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. A LIS A N y, Georgia. pUACTICE in the Superior Courts of the Soutl IU lUC DUUVIHU VOUIIO Ui Western Circuit,—in Terrell, Randolph, and Kar* ly counties in t)ie Putaula Circuit,—in Worth and Ma con Counties, in the Macon Circuit, in the United States Circuit Court at Savannah,—and by specin contract,in any County in Southern Georgia. Jinuarv 1st’ 1860. - 31 tf. ETHERIDGE SON, Factors, Commission and Forwarding SAVANNAH, CA n. ETHF.RtDOE. W. 1). ETHERIDGE, Jr. July 15th, 1656. 8 tf Messrs. A. H. & L. B. RENAN, Are Associated in the Practice of Lav Office 1st Door upon 2d floor of MASONIC HALL. Jan.23,1.1857. S5 tf. Plantation for Sale. 1 OFFER for . ale a well improved Plantation within three miles of Milledeeviile, contain ing fourteen huidrod acres of land. WILLIAM A. JARRATT. r.b, 4, 16««. 30 intf. Channel separate them f rom Spain, i arbiter, could only be terminated by j the poetry of Union; and yet, as in the So did our Thirteen Colonies: but the ! the conflict of tlie sword. And the ; marriage relation and the family with Atlantic Ocean divorced us from Eng- statesmen of 1S62 ought to know that ; similar influences, they are stronger land. So did Mexico and other Span- two or more Confederate Governments j than hooks of steel. He was a wise ish Colonies in America; but the same j made up of similar States,- having no j statesman, though he may never have ocean divided them from Spain. Cuba | natural boundary either, and separa- | held an office, who said: “Let me write we have done this, my word for it, the ’ ’ ’ 1 " r ’ ' ' " ’ ’ T ‘ ’ elfare to the Afri- seenred. Sir, anti-slavery the West than and if this the reunion of these States is impossi- tq resist aggression. i and Maryland the other—have done' war be continued, there will be still ble? War, indeed, while it lasts is! These sir, along with the establish- j more for the Union than all the legisla- ( less a year hence. The people there disunion; ®nd if it Lsce long enough, ment of justice and the securing of the J tion and all the debates .in this capital begin at last to comprehend that do- will be final, eternal separation first, general welfare, and of fTie blessings j for forty years, and they will do more ! mestic slavery in the South is a ques- and anarchy and despotism afterward, of liberty to thenuelves and their pos- j yet again than all your armies, though tion not of morals or religion, or hu- Hence 1 would hasten peace now, to- ferity, made up the cause and mo-J you call out another million of men manity, but a form of labor perfectly day by every honorable appliance. tives which impelled our fathers to into the field. Sir, I would add,; compatible with the dignity of free Arc there physical causes which the Union at first. • • j “Yankee-Doodle,” but first let me bo white labor in the same community, render reunion impossible? None. And now, sir, what one of them is j assured that “Yankee-Doodle loves j and with national vigor, power and renatr reunion | . , . • - — - 1 the Union more than he hates the j prosperity, and especially with milita- Wbcrc other causes do not^coutrol, rivers unite; but mountains, deserts and great bodies of water—oceani dis- sociabdes—separate a people. A ast forests originally, ami the lakes now, also divide us, not very widely or wanting? What one diminished? On the contrary, many of them arc strong- ; slaveholder er to-day than in the beginning. Mi- j And now sir, I propose to briefly gration and intermarriage h a v e j consider the causes which led to : ry strength. yet he has now fulmined another “bull against the comet”—brutum fiilmcn— and threatening servile insurrection with all its horrors, has yet coolly ap pealed to the judgment of mankind, and invoked the blessings of the God of peace and love! But declaring it a military necessity, an essential meas ure of war to subdue the rebels, yet w itii aamirame wisuum be ci,|/icooiy exempts from its operation the only States and parts of States in the South where he lias the military power to extend it. Neither sir, can you abolish slavery by argument. As well attempt to abolish marriage or the relation of paternity. The South is resolved to maintain it at every hazard and by every sacrifice ; and if “this Union cannot endure part slave and part free,” then it is already and fi nally dissolved. Talk not to me of “West Virginia.” Tell me not of Missouri, tram pled under the feet of your soldiery. As well talk to me of Ireland. Sir, the destiny of those States must abide the issue of the war But Kentucky you may find tougher. And Maryland ' Even iu iiar archives live their wontcJ fire.’’ Nor will Delcwarc be found wanting in the day of trial. But I deny the doetrine. It is full of (ltsuntou and civil war. It ia disunion it self. Whoever first taught it ought to be dealt with as not only hostile to the Union, but au enemy of the human race. Sir, the fundamental idea of the Constitution is the perfect and eternal compatibility of a Union of States, "part slave and part free,” elSe the Constitution never would have been framed, nor the Union founded ; and seventy years of successful experi ment have approved the wisdom of the plan. In my deliberate judgment, a Con federacy made up of slavehoiding and non- slaveholrling'States is, in the nature of the strongest of all popular governments. Af rican slavery has been, and is eminently conservative. It makes tho absolute political equality of the white race every where practicable. It dispenses with tho English order of nobility, and leaves every white man, Narth and South, owning slaves or owning none, the equal of every other white man. It has reconciled uni- rsal suffrage throughout the free States with the stability of government. 1 speak not now of its material benefits to the North and the West, which are many and more obvious. But tho South, too, has profited many ways by a union with the non-slaveholding States. Enterprise, in dustry, selfrCiiance, perseverance, and the ness of this crusade against African slave ry, and the wisdom' and necessity ot tho Union of the States, as our farthers mado it, “part slave and part free.” What then, sir, with so many causes impelling [to re-union, keeps us apart ta d.-,r / Unte, passion, antagonism, revenge all heated seven' times hotter by war.-— ‘fjir, tlicse, while they last, are the rnhst - ’ *' -ij motives with a people and with the individual mau; one rorruuately they are the least durable. They hold a divided sway iu the same bosoms with the nobler qualities of love, justice, reason, placability; and, except wjien at their height, are weaker than the sense of inter est, and always, in States at least, give way to it at last. No statesman who yields himself up to them can govern wisely or well; and no State w hoso policy is controlled by them can either prosper or endure. But war is both their offspring and their aliment, and while it lasts ail other motives are subordinate.' The vir tues of peace cannot flourish, cannot even find development in the midst of fighting; and this civil war keeps in motion tlie centrifugal forces oflbo Union, and gives to them increased strength and activity every day. But such and so many and powerful, in my judgment, are the cem enting or. centripetal agencies impelling us together that nothing but perpetual war and strife can keep us always divi ded. Sir, I do not under estimate the power of the prejudices of section, or what is much stronger, of race. Prejudice is colder, and therefore more durable than the passions ot hate and revenge, or the spirit of antagonism. But, as 1 have al ready said, its boundary in the United States is not Mason’s and Dixon’s line.— I'be long standing mutual jealousies of Neiv England and the South do not pri marily grow ont of slavery. They are deeper, and will always be the chief obstacle in the way of full and absolute reunion. They arc founded in difference of manners, habits and social life, and in different notions about politics, morals and religion. Sir, after ali, this war is not so much one of sections—least of all. between the slaveholding and non-slaveholding sections—as of races, representing not difference in blood, but mind and its devel opment, and different types of civilization. It is the old conflict of ihe Cavalier and tho Roundhead, the Liberalist and the Puritau ; or rather it is a conflict upon new issues of the ideas and elements represent ed by tho>e names. It is a war of the Yankee and the Southron. Said a Boston i other hardy virtues of a people living in a day, eulogizing a new strengthened Ihe ties of consanguinity. Commerce, trade and production have wholly from Canada, though we speak | immensely multiplied. Cotton almost the same language and are similar in | unknown herein 17S7, is now the chief manners, laws and institutions. Our j product and export of the country. It chief navigable rivers run from North ; has set in motion three-fourths of the to South. Most of our bays and arms ; spindles of New England, and giveeni- of the sea take the same direction, j ployment, directly or remotely, to Natural causes all tend to Union, ex- j full half the shipping, trade’ and Pont -OJ between the Pacific coast and j commerce of the United States, the coiintrv east of tho Rocky Moan- ■ *.|-R- T+ ,a “mqnilest tains to the Atlantic. It w “ma destiny.” Union is empire. Hence, hitherto we have continually extend ed our territory and the Union with it, South and West. The Louisiana pur chase, Florida and Texas all attest it. We passed desert and forest, and scaled even the Rocky Mountains, to extend the Union to the Pacific. Sir, there is no natural boundary between the More than that, cotton has kept the peace between England and America for thirty years; and had the people of the North been as wise and practical as the statesmen of Great Britain, it would have maintained union and peace here. But we are being taught, in our first century, and at our ojvn cost, the lessons which England learn ed through the long and bloody expe rience of eight bundled year*. We disunion and the present civil war; and to inquire whether they are eter nal and ineradicable in their nature, and at the same time powerful enough material benefits of the institution.; languages, the most copious in words of to overcome all the causes and cousid- uumixed with any part of its mischiefs.; bitterness and reproach. “J our on : I will erations which impel to re-union. They believe also in the subordination l cn()urc -” . . Having two years ago discussed ful- 0 f the negro race to the white where] 8,r - ,liCr0 18 not an “irrepressible ly and elaborately the more abstruse ] they both exist together, and that the ! ^is no'comlic't IWll Both txliVo and remote causes whence civil com- j condition ol subordination, as estab- her iu perfect harmony in tho South.— motions in all governments, and those fished in the South, is lar better et -, q’he master and the slave, the white labor- also which are peculiar to our com plex and Federal system, such as the consolidating tendencies of the gener al government, because of executive power and patronage, and of the ta riff - and taxation and disbursement gen et ally, all unjust and burdensome to the West equally with the South, I pass them by. *In troth the song was written in derision by a British officer and not by an American. ery way for the negro, than the hard : cr am i the black, work together iu the servitude of poverty, degradation and j same field or in the same shop, and without crime, to which he is subjected in the j the slightest sense of degradation. They free States. All this, sir, may be are not equals, cither socially or politically, “pro-slaveryism” if there be such a! And then - cannot Ohio, having only word. Perhaps it is; but the people | fr f? 1 * ab . or ’ bv «| n harmony with Kentucky An +L5r.t w h*ch has both slaves and free? Above of the west b g4 ; all why cannot Massachussetts allow the wisdom and good sense. We will not same right o{ choice t0 South Carolina, establish slavery in our own midst; separated as they are a thousand miles, by □either will we abolish or interfere other States who would keep the peace with it outside of our owe lines. and living iu good will ? Why Ihis civil writer the other England office;:, who fell at Fredericks burg : “This is Massachusetts war, Massachusetts and South Catolina made it.” But in the beginning, the Roundhead outwitted the Cavalier, and, by a skilful use of slavery and the negro, united all New England first, and afterward the entire North and West, and finally sent out to battle against him Galt and tfaxon, German and Knickerbocker, Catholic and Episcopalian, and even a part of his own household and of the descendants of his own stock. tsaid Mr. Jefferson, when New England threatened secession some sixty years ago: “No, let us keep the Y'ankees to quarrel with.” All, sir, lie forgot ihat quarreling is always a hazardous experiment; and, nflor some time, the couutrymen of Adams proved themselves to(f sharp at that work lor the countrymen of Jefferson. But every day the contest now tends again to its natural and original elements. In many parts of the Northwest—I might add of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New "an as little and one of those great but unfortunate popular uprisings, in the midst of which reason and justice,will for the time he. utterly silenced. 1 spesk advisedly ; and let New Eugland heed else she, and the whole East, too, in their struggle for power, may learn yet from tho West tho same lesson which civil war taught to Rome, that ecvlgato imperii arcano, posse principcm alibi, quam Ilonur fieri. The people of the VVest demanded peace, and they begin to more than suspect that New Eugland is in the way. The storm rages; and they believe that she, not slavery, is the cause. The ship is sore tried : and pdsscugers and crew are now almost ready to propitiate tho waves by throwing the ill omened prophet overboard. In pain English—not very classic, but most expressive—they threat en to “set New England out in the oold.”