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VOLUME XXXV.] MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 21. 1863. i{ J J 0 tl r J N, SISB E-T, B A RX ES & MUORi | Pablishsrs and Proprietors. . \ ROU«JIITO.V, ( SI . IVIKBET. ( I'dllort. ib!)c CaitMmlt Pinion GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE To the Legislature of the. Stale o) Georgia. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, \ Macon, Ga , Feb. 15, ! -Go. ^ To the Senate and tl use of Representatives: Since your adjournment in November, the artn\ Is published Weekly, in ^[I'ffbiJson Sts , of invasion, ltd I.y a bold and skillful General Corner of (opposite ( our . At $l 2 a year hi Advance. advertising. ti i\MEST.—Five Dollars per square cf ten i j: a ei fur each insertion- . j ', . , ites of respect, li solutions by Societies.(Obit ; ., v . ier< ex.cee.linK six lines.) Nominations for office, ; ,11 i mirations <>r K litorial notices for individual | benefit, charged as transient advertising. _ j LltfiAL ADVERTISING: S'.\ -riff's sales, per levy of tea lines, or less,$10 00 j “ Mortgage fi fa sales, per square, 2<) 00 ! lVi Collector’s Sales, per square, W *»«» Ciiatious for Letters of Administration, 10 00 i Lave passed through our State, laid waste ou, ! fields, burned many dwelling houses, destroyer county records, epp ied the torch to gia-houses, ' cotton, and o{her property, occupied and desecra- i ted the capitol, and now hold the city of .Xu van i i nail, which gives them a water base from which l they may in iutuie operate upon the interior it ti;c Suite. The ai%y of Tennessee, which contained s : laige number cf Georgia troops, and was reded on as the ouiy bairrier to Fherman’s advance, th- removal of w iiich left Georgia at the mercy of tin : enemy, was ordered off’beyond the Tennessee rivei • Hi-on a campaign which Iras terminated in disas ter. in lhe*midst of I lose misfortunes Georgia i lias been taunted by some of the .public journals j ol other States because her people did not drive . back and destroy the army of tlie enemy. Those I who d<> us this injustice tail to state tile well know n fact that ot all the tens ol thousands of vr- jeet to rotate service, who do not immediately r» uo.t oi duty, when required by General Orders — ns failure to discharge this duty faithfully am tn<:ieni]y, the Governor should be authorized t- order them into the field for active duty in pine of those permitted by them to remain at home w.ho owe active service. As tlie detail of the tnen over fifty years of ag tor this-service at home, who were called out pro r to tiie organization of part of the brigades nov iu the field, has reduced them below the propc “number of a brigade, and has left supernumerary iffieers, provision should be made for a re-organ; zi’ion by election of tlie Brigades. Regiments Battalions and Companies now in service, re Living tLe number of organizations as may b> iri-p-r, and the commissions of ail not electee -hoiyid be suspended and they be rrqpired to d; si rvice. This would make die organiz iri%>us nior If ' live. Tiie militia under fifty years of age or ■.••ii'zeit ps above suggested should bo known as the Active Militia. . - p* nnanent General Court Martial should h- •sf.:tiliahed for the trial of deserters and other de onquents This would secure the enforcement ot Wi'eipline, and the execution of a few guilty pi The Georgia Military Institute. The number of cadets in this institution ha >eeu considerably increased. Upon the advance of Sherman’s army the bat aiinn of cadets was ordered into active service — ft the Oconee bridge and other places where the' met tlio enemy they acted with distinguished antry. The State Ims much reason lo be proui •f this gallant young corps. I must not omit to mention with niv warmest tpprobation the conduct :f the Stale : touts undo Juptaiu Talbot, who has shown himself lo he a gallant, fearless leader. Prude ds Aitil ery and the other troops of M ior Caper’s bartaiiou, are a’so eii'itled to honor >!e noiice. This whole battalion under its chi' liious leader, in presence of Adjutant and I us pet or General Wavne, who accompanitd them dm ing the campaign from Gordon to Savannah am thence to Augus’a, discharged their duty energy - ich! 1 y and faithfully. Th* report ot General A71; no w ill be laid before the Military Coinmitter of tiie two Houses upon application. Military Appropriation. __ I beg leeve again rfiost respectfully to invit s-uis, would stop dfrseitii.il. The militia orgauiza t attention of the General Assembly to that part of and spent years in tiie non completed upon this basis should ijg kept b» ; my late annual message which relates to tiie mi. j camp life* the State during the war for t4e defence of he' ] bury appropriation. The sum appropriated wii nam with us, to peiforui deeds of heroic valor •x hen they are fighting to continue the enslave irt-nt of their wives and children. It js not rea -enable lor us to demand it ot them, and we hav> httle cause Jo expect the blessing ot Heaven up "ii cut efi'jrts if we compel them to perform such a task. it we are right, and Provid* nee designed then for shiv ry, llodid nut inteiui that they 'shonle to* n mi irary peoplo Whcrwvi r we establish tin fact til l* they are a military race, we destroy oui vvlioie tlieo.y that they are unfit tube free. But it is said we should give them lie ii freed on in case of tlwir fidelity to-our cause in the th-le i in other words, that we should give ups avery. a? ! well as our personal liberty and State sovereignty ! for independence, and should s. t all our: laves fret ; if they w ill ni l us to achieve it.. If we are ready i to give up Slavery, I nut i- .tisfi d we cm r.skc ii | the COlisLfikr.i H i. mi .. linn i iiauc ih.m to ; '.'0 i' [ for the uncertain aid which They might liti'-a l us 1 iu the military field- Wi--;, we atm the slaves. ire abandon slavery. \\’e can never again-gov < t-rn them as slav. 3, and make t 1m* iuriitutiun .prof- | ilable to ourselves or to ihc-rn, afii-l lens i t tf.oi;; • i vnds of ihem have beit. taugtii the use of arms. indolent mdulgcncios (•! It tiie General Assembly should a iopt my r«>- XIMBER 37. road shot's tea mb oats', "or ""throug iT r-wiw or cities, upon lawful business,are arrested if they fail to carry passes, while federal spies procure or forge s, and travel over our thoroughfares «t their pleasure. In many partsjof the Confederacy, not in pos. sessiou of the enemy, the govt rnment has ceusea o protect either life or property, and its own sul- ikiw, who have left the f.-out without discipline or control, often, united with othe-s professing to bo m service and wearing the dress of the soldier, ire passing over tho country iu numerous bands, robbing our citizens and destroy ir g their prop- • • tiiio the oui men and hoys cf this State leav ing important lion,e-mteresis tusulftr; have bten < :gt it to t-.ke up anus t,, resist the i nemy, Ilious- | yi img .iblt-l.oditd ii'ct, of this act other "it. s, lu t• (vn eighteen ai d fom-five years of ge me prut, cted by Confederate aoiborii'. . on ac count ot their wealth oi othr-r influence, from ser- vjcu in the fieltt. and under j ret* xt of sumu nomi nal employment for the government, are allowed remain out ot the reach at danger, and devoto most of their time to their speculations or other individual pursuits. Our financial affairs haw keen so inif.irtunately j adn i.iisttrtd that our currency is wortii reiy lmlo | tn Hie maikct; and ourpublic ti.itii lias been so terri’ory. ami the execution of iur Uwg, a;;d | *>o uhulij iiMdtquate. If it its not jiirnaseci, I j cuiunieiiiktion by the call of a Convc-miu?!. I wool. * V frequently RtiU wiliuily violated that it wiil Guardianship, 10 fib tern infantry, inciuding most of tiie vigor and I attors of annlication for distn’n.from Adm’nlfi Cfi | manhood or the State, which she hi ,, 11 ,, Guard'n 1<» fib i fwr Confederate service, but a single r .. ... : G'-otgia Regulars.) of about thiee hu should, in no case, b.7 turned over to the unliuiit- | shall ho under the unpleasant necessity, so sooi eJ ccutiol of the Confederate Government cr auy I as it is exhausted, which will be in a short tim othr power Nor should it he sent out of the ! of again convening you to supply the deficiency sugg -St ttiat (ms too Wuuiti he its serious considtration ubjoct cifc.serv- and decided ac- Appl n for leave to sail land and negroes, Nsties to Debtors and Creditors. Sales ot land or negroes, per square, " perishable property, lb days,per sq Estray Notices, 30 days, Foreclosure of Mortgage, per square. EE< 1 aL AL>VERTISEMENTS. Ifi (Ml Jt» lb 1C tb 4 0(; in (It; 4 ufi ive men, whs permuted t<> be upon her sot! during I the match oi General ■•sliermari Iroin her North- w, s’tin border totlio city oi Savannah; and even that galiiiut login.> nt was kept upon one of our j is anils n.ost ot Uifc time, ami nut pern nted to ; unite with tlioi-e who met the enemy. Nor were I tiie places of uur absent sons titled by troops fioni ; other States. One tuinadeot Confed'-rate troops ! . , , , . . , , _ was sent bv the President frern Xortii Carolina, ! f L'iml and Negroes, hy AdHimistrs.to.s,^Es- j wLich reac ,Vd Gempia af.e, her capitol was in tiie possession of the enemy. i bus abandoned to in r i’a'c and neglected hy J the Col:itfit-iiitie authoisties, lire Slat*- was left to ! di'ieiid hereself a> best stie could against a .viefo- . rious army ot n*ai!y lilty theuisanu of the best' trained veteran troops of tile United Stat- s, with only the Georgia rtserves and militia, consisting | of a few thousand old men and boys, while tier ! army ot able-bodied gallant tons were liMfi t.-r the - detenee ot other States, and deni; d the privilege) to organ ze. to return and st’ike an lionest blow for t.i e prott-e conscription she had furnished i State unless it is for the protection of some pari | "'o cannot conduct ti e operas ions of war w ilium Ie regiment (tiie i of our border, except in such cases of miH-rge.ncy hundred eliect- ! as iu the opinion of the Governor make it propei ,ii ,»r Guardiaus.are required by law tube belli li st Tuesday in the month; between the houn uillio ioreuouii a ad three in the ufU-rnoon, a! ibi . iit , in tiie county in which the propel tj ir ie - of tUe,se sales' must begivenin a publii pn- t i dayspreviousto tiie day of *nle tiie sale of personal property nuu-t be . v - i i aka uiaauur I' 1 days previous to sale day. ’ N* ilines to the dcOtors aud creditors of an estate .. i’^o |}{. onnished 4fi days. N . that application will be made to the Court of Or'linary for leave to sell Laud or Negroes .must be u ut.idled for two months. . v , ■ . u-tters of Administration Guardianship, « „,-i h- pnbtislied 3d days—far dismirsion from A i ,fi:iistration, monthly six months-for oismiasioD :n» n t'r iardiauship,40 days ... . , r ntreelosure of Mortgage must be published „ -Ju for four month'—(or esuiblisl.ing lost papers, fail spore ofiree month*— fureonipcdn glitb-s j- . ;1 i-l vai utors or a.lniiitUrntors,where bomi has been - . - • i ;,v the deceased the full space of three mouths ‘ i> afiieations will a’.way - be omitinned aceordu p to ,.l.c leg'll requirements,milessotherwisioritcieu. Book anl Job work, of all kinds that Georgia give aid for a limited time to a sistei State. The Confederate Ccnstilu’ion au-hnriz-s the State to luiy troops iu time of war. This is a re served ngut, tho exercise of which by the {State violates no right o* tho Confederate Government, an.I infringes upon no delegated powers ; nor is the exercise of a plainly reserved right by the S-ate a breach of faith eifheV to the Confederacy or any sister State. Our recent sad experience has shown the wL'dom of the reservation. But fot the troops kept by the State the city where 3 ou are 'now assembled would hav • been occupied,' plundered and sacked by the enemy in their late march through the in terior, i tie Constitution limits the State to no particu lar CiR3s or age. She may hup troops composed of any part of lier citizens whom she may chest If we admit tlie constitutionality o. which authorizes Congress to con tain of tin-ir homes, their piupeity, their wives j scribe our citizens to ruse atmits. hat provision and their children. ! of the constitution must bo construed with, and h.lo she C01 federate reserves in other Slates j limited by, the reservation iu the same instrument have bet n but little <d their time in t e field on ac- i of the light of the State to keep tioops ill time of live dut>. ai.d tl.e nulitia. ensisting ot boy s he- i war. This would mske the jurisdiction oi the money. Impressment*. I beg leave to evil the attention of theLeg-sls- tnro to the necessity for the passage of a law au- ihorizil-g tiie impres-ment of provisions in the hands ot persons under bonds to the Confederate Government, or others who refuse to fu ll their sur plus at market value fox use ot indigent 5pl diers’ families, and of persons who are. left disti- tute by the ravages of the enemy, or of our own cavalry, wlio receive aid from the State, ondc-i the legislation enacted for that purpose, I he cases aro very rare where it would be nocussaiy to re sort to impressment, if the people were left feet; to sell their surplus iu the market; but they are do, nied that privilege by (lie Confederate Govern bo vith great difficulty that we can ro inspire our people with confidence in the pledges of tiie gov- ernuH-nt. 11 is anuounceii as the future policy of the financial department to issue no more i reasu- ry iiuk?, and to receive nothing else in payment of i It can never be adniitted by the State that flu j '"’onfederare Governineiil. has any power dir ctly I or indirectly to abolish slavery. Hie provision in ! public dues till the quantity is"rtduced‘lo bealthv j lie Consmuiiou wnicti by implic.itioii outliprizet. ! circuiaticn. This would be bmificial to the hoiJ- j tii3 Coiiiodefate Govjiiiiinent, to t;.'.i' jnivntc prop^ ers ut tiie notes . As the armies arc to bo supnor- i y for pablic usee niv auihoiizes the use of thel ted, however, at a cost of hundreds of millions' of j .'reporty’ during tho existence of the emeigeuej | dollars per annum, the announcement leaves no I which justifies the taking. To illust ate: Ju time ) donbi that it hi lu be done in a great measure by j 4 w;\r it may be necessary for the Government to! seizing property ami paying ter it in ceititicates ;ako from a citizen a business house to hold com or bonds which will uot pass as currency 01 in j missary stores. Tuis it may do (if a suit.T’.do one 1 piyment of taxes. This would lie lit ties' better j canuot be hau by contract) ou pay met-' to the than legalized robbery, and if practiced loii" 1 by . ’wuer of just compcnsaiion for tins ueo of the j any government will diive the (■«;., ie to rtvooi- | bouse. But this tah ng cannot, change the fi;k ; tion «s the only uuaos lett ot throw ii-g iff i„ ty |. ! of the land, and vest it in the government. When- j erable burdens. ! ever the emergency has passed, the Govern 1 twain Mxteiti ju tween fifty a! *.; .-!: by tin Confederate the States bten i« r; serves, the rt-sei id se 11 teen, and old mtn tie- r.ty, aifd agricultmalists detailed government have not in roost of •■ol < tu at ail, the Confederare vc mi itin, the detailed men. the Confederate and fctate Governments coneurri over the arms-bearing population- of tlie States in time of war ment. haring been compelled to give bond to s;l! all their eurolus to its agents at schedule pi ices, j which are far below market value* These persons ; would gladiy sell to State or county agents, bu: they ure threatened with a revocation ot ill irue i tails, and with immediate compulsion to enter | si rvice if they do so. The State should never : submit 10 be driven out of her own markets am! denied the privilege of purchasing from her own citiz-iis t>y the act of any other government or power. 1 therefore recommend the passage of a : law authorizing the Justices of the Inferior Court. , of each county, with the consent or order of the j can no longer legally hold.the i to return it to the owner So. uv, but is bound tho Government PROMPTLY AND NEATLY A T T !1 i “ O * •' ’ ‘ EXEC T TED i e »:. r^r When a subscriber finds a cross markon hi-paper be will know that his subscription has expired, or is about to expire, and must be renew ed if he wishes the papei continued. IT*” *V e do not send receipts to new suhscri- liers. If they receive the paper they may know that we have received the 1110110.1*. Subscribers wishing their papers changed join one post-oSica to an ither must slat* the name of th" post-office rern which they wish it changed. GEORGIA, licriii-n county. \i r IlEREAS, 1> P. McDonald applies to me for 11 li-tttr.'ot adiniiiistratiouon the estate of llenry Stokes late of said county dee’d. And, Whereas. Absalom Parrish A Tahiti a Parrish | *rom her mountain npplies to me for fetters of administration on the E.-tute ( ed their property of James Parrish late of said county deceasid. And, IVIuTeas, Mary E. Parrish applies to me for | let’",s of juiministration de bonis non on the estate ot Ez.'kie! Parrish late of said county deceased exempts fi( .n Conieueiate service, and most of) the Ma e 1 items, civil as welt as military, have I ; iii thisbta e t een kept in th; field aimest constant- | !y for the last eight mouths. These troops oi c.a.-S'* not ordered out clse- j wfiete w eu#pt»Ced under the contiol or the C'.n- udciate Gmitrnl conimtu.dliig the department.' and Lave paniripaitd in every importuiiT li^ht from K« nut-saw in this State to (ftahamvilic or 1 Loifcty liiil in South Uaroliua The important ) , victoiy at the latter place wtuf achieved by the j Geoigin n.iliiia. the Georgia reserves, tie Gemgia <5ti;fi- line, the Forty-si vent h Georgia Regiment, and a very small number ot .South Carolinians, ail 1 commanded by that able and accomplished officer. Major General G VV. Smith, of tbe Georgia n.iii tia. As i hive seen no Confederate official tic i count of this important engagemcii*, which gives the credit wheieit is justiy due, I mention ilioso facts as part of the history of our State li' 4I' the sons ot Georgia under am.*, in othei Stales, of which nearly firry regiments "ere in Virginia, besides those in the (,‘arot,nus, Florida, and Tennessee, had be, n permitted to meet th- too Upon hei own soil, without other assistance, Gen eral Sherman's army could never have passed to her seaboard, and destroy- Mud their homes. lie- had nearly four hundred mil. s. to maicii over an ene my 's country ; he was entirely dependent upon the wagon t’airi which he carried with him for A Goverm r. to impress provisions in tlieir resuect- It. t * ows in that case the Govern- s. . „i/ » r ... . - . . . „ , , ive counties, for se.Wiers families and ment which first organizes and places tho troops in actual service has a right to hold them as e- gainst the other i he State act-d ujion this rule may impress slaves to do t!w- labor of servants. t> to fortify a city, if it cannot obtain them by con- tra-'t.aiid it is b-Mtod to pay tho owner just ^ 1 ire* tin the lime il u-os them. But. tlio iinjiressnueut ▼ can vest no t;llc to the slave in the Governun ni I tor a longer period than the emergency requires . tha labor. It ii.-.s not the shadow of imht 1 ■ ini- press ami paj?_fc:' a slave to sat him free'. The 1 uionv lit it ce:iM-> t') runt his labor t oe nsi. reverts to the owner who has the title. If wo admit the right of the Goveriimeii#to impress and pay for siaves to free ihem we concede i<s power to abol ish slavery, and change our d 'incstic institutions at its pleasure, an I to tax us to rai?o the money By it* oft a t to grasp absolu’c power, the Confedcr; ' .'iiiiiiiiiistiatie’e has greatly weakeued otir armies- and r< ii; • have *.iio'vn Us utter iimbilii v, wilii all the p over p: iced ;u iis liuiida.to teernit and Till them up to 11 nuuibersulfieieiit l,*^ ; f.-t The emergency. So ttttal have been tlit.* results of our wretched con- rcri))tjyn policy,which, however well adapted to cou- trol Eiiioi ean rfs.or those raised to !>•• slaves ufpow- er, is so repiigne.ut to the feelings and spirit ,,l ;t free people, ttiat it has driven our men in desjmir to delin- qtieucy ami desertion till the Prisidei.t Uns iut-ivuud use county in his Mucoit sp-• , Ii, ms repi.rtcil, that two- ihii'i.s ot tlto.se Wlio compose i,ur aiTnikH aro absent m -r ol them Wit:.out. leave. It this he true, it shews :t l uueJit inle .want of patriotism and courage on the part ot the people, or an unwise and injudicious policy on the part of the administration, which imperils the \ cry r.i.stence of the Coiifeiieriicy, and call* for promt,t r.ii.t i.n Hiun U ..t ,tti. ...... 1 / • the organization of the two regiments of the fttite Line, Composed of persons of all ages able to do service who volunteered He# right to keep these troops has never been questioned by the Confedeiiite government, nor indeed can it be. That portion of the militia < rganization not compost d of Confederate exempts are generally of the most us*ft.l eift*!s of agriculturalists, whose services at home during the mure cutica! period of ac » ( will be impossible for the State and c the i"op, are indispensably necessary to the pro- lv within the limits of the State, to Whenever these tnen can be supply of ammunition, without the possibility of „1. Whereas Neiiy Ann MeCutcliep applies to f replenis' ing after whi.t he had was consumed — i',,r h-tlers of guardianship on thd persons and j Had he been resisted from the start byacoinpe- 1 it v of the niinor"licir.s ot Robert McCutchen lute tint force, and compelled to fight, Ins ordnance j mty deceased. I stores must soon have been exhausted, and hei | forced to an unconditional surrender. Such an other opportunity to strike the enemy a stunning blow will not probably occur during the w ar. The , destruction ot this army would have re inspired I our people w it It fi<pe, depr ssed the spiiits of our ■I enemies,and might have prepared ihe way speedily f T the negotiation of an Imno.-ab.e peace It could have been done by the Georgia troops if permit ted. It should have been done at the expense, if ! necessary, of the evacuation ot Richmond, and j the use of Gen. Lee's whole army thrown rapidly into Georgia*for that purpose. No one would le- i grt ! more than I to see last city, which has been j so long ami so nobly* defended, surrender to eased. I . arc ilicrefi re to cite and admonish all persons ■ :• -led t<> tile their objections if any they* have witli- 1 the time prescribed by law, why said letters should ot be granted. V, ness inv hand officially, January 9th I Si:.-,. 5t ' I’d ? ->0 W. E. CONNELL. Ord'v GEORGIA, Twiggs County. \\ r HEREAS, Mrs. Julia E. Jones has applied W for the guardianship ol five minor chiidnn cfl'r F M. Jones, deceased. Adpaities interested, are hereby notified that letters will issue to said Julia h. Jones at the March term of this Court unless valid objections be made. auction of supplies spared from heme they should be kept in service, if the emergency require it 15 ,t they should not be turned over to unlimited Confederate control to be carried away from the State permamently, to the ruin of her material and productive interests. So long as they faiihfulh <lisclia,ge their duty when called out, tiie State should keep them, giving them furloughs at such times as ate necessary to secure their crop?, jf it can possibly be done. All who ere absent without leave, when ordered out L-y the Tatate, sh. tiid be turned over to Confederate service for the war without rtgnrd to rank or age. This would stimulate them to prompt obedience to erdtrs when called The chief difficulty in the way ot granting furloughs for limited periods iv tie 11 the troops could be spared, grows out of the fact that they often fail to respond promptly at the end of tile time allowed them. On the 3(!th of August last, when the militia un der tiie command r,f Majortleneral G W. Smith, were in the trenches around Atlanta, a veiy short time before tlie fail of the city, tiie President made a requisition upon me for them with eik others that 1 might he able to organize. At the timbthe requisition was made il.cse troops had been for months in active service with the Army of Ten nessee, under the command of the General w i.o controlled it. They had participated in s-vera! engagements—had acted with distinguished gal lantry ; and had been about forty day* almost con stantly under fi^e around the city. Rations were issued to them by order of the Confederate Gener al in command—and he had promised that they shoo'd be paid as other troops in the Confederate service. Tin S" troops were composed mostly of boys be ive depat intents. The nctslioutd provide, in case of such impress ments, for a fair valuation of property impressed, and for payment of market value as just eompen- saiion'to the owner. Without the passage of this on ii- ty agents, within the limits of the State, to pur chase the supplies which are indispensable. The appropriation of money wiil avail nothing if the Confederate agents can lock the cribs and smoke-houses of the people of the State against her purchasing agents. 1 have been unable, tin- lies and iuiii 'eut . 7 7; 7""’ V” ' '“'".r T“"*' ay ! i •UL-rgetic action on the part of the people u, coin- above mentioned ! for P. ar P°' e / am ‘' ot *. lvnr ® °\ t5ie I»«'« c, “"p. of policy, which, it longer persisted n, . . . *_ . 7Vc ey of such a monstrous doctrine in the old Con- much result m uttenuiu. If a planter who has-one hundred faithful, trustwor thy hands upon Lis farm should employ an overseer to manage it, and should visit it at a critical period of t: e crop, find find that twv-thiids of his hands up.*, and foru considerable time have been absent, unit’that x; > . . . •—•mas. the crop is being lost on that ttcconut. he would donf.t- Nosucii consent can oyer be given by this less decide that the policy of the overseer was roimms State without a previous alteration ot her Const! refugees, when, from the cause auo*o iucu.iuucu, ^ 11 may be necessary to enable them to procure tile j W88 , bv an y one of the more rational class of aboii- suppln-s r > q tu red lor that purpose; nuB also au- ti9liists . ltC ominl V never found au advocate tbonzing the Quartermaster General aud Com , iu Southern statesman. m.s-ary General of the State to make similar im I N(l siave can ever be libcrubid bv the Confedor- presMinents. with tho like oruor, for their respect- ; ate Qovi rnment without the consent of the S'.-U tutiou. And no such alteration can bo made with out a convention uf her people. Our Present and Prospective Condition. As I tecl that I should act tho part of an un- 1 shot to his lutera'p flnd dismiss him without hesitation. The people o v , j; Confederacy havT employed an agent to conduct for them a war for the dearest rights of freemen, and have placed at his command, subject to the restraints thrown around him by the constitu tional charter, and the great principles c c 'personal ernment, faithful sentinel upon tho watch tower it I should 1 liberty which lie et the fsnudiition of tree 0 flatter the country with delusive hopes, candor : hundreds of thousands ot ns gallant self-sacrificing compels ms to say that all i - uot well. That, the j c;tlzen soldiers as ever took up arms in a righteous people may be aroused to the nec&ssary*fi'ori to a-.f caase '„n-| 6 !, as a a °H te , a P c “ c .v which has ignored vert calamity, it is important that tliey should know to the 1 field In orc-nni/arioBs and der the late appropriation, to supply the demand.- i and appreciate their tine condition. I tell them own choice, wlio have ' their 1 es'»ct U 'a'id° J'nti of those iu great distress, ior want of this la.v. It j therefore, that the whole body politic is diseased, j deuce! The result has been ns*our agent tells it is not passed, a great deal of suffering will be I and uuless active remedies are administered speed- j us, that two thirds of these soldiers are absent ! ily, that dissolution and death must be the ine- i the larger portion without leave, at a time when ; vitablo result. ' ; tbyir tiDsence endangers our existence ns a people.— i Our constitution has been violated and tramp- : tlien duty of the people of these states.— ! led under foot: and.the rights and sovereignty of Jae anaiver is plain. They should compel their agent . . a • 1 t j 1* ». , , ‘7 * . to clittngti .11^ polic-T which treats fiee v'ltizeu aoifiiers : ho Mates, which had been disregarded by the fighting for liberty' as serfs, nud to obeerve the S j Government of tfte United States, which formed principles for which we took up arms, or they should with slavery the very foundation of tha move-j resume the military powers with which they have | ment that brought into being tho Confederate Gov- ; clothed him, and place them in other bands where efnment, have been prostrated and almost destroy- ' they will be used as well for t ie protection of the ed by Confederate congressional encroachment and r '£l |ls and liberties of the citizen as for the achieve-- j executive usurpation. nienl of tiie independence oi the Confederacy. With- - out this change of policy the armies cannot be rc- the inevitable result. PENITENTIARY. The enemy having destroyed the workshops, cells, buildings.,&c , of this Institution by fire, it will cost a very heavy appropriation, probably one million of dollars, in currency, td rebuild it. From seven years close observation, I am satis fied the Institution does not serve the objects for which it was created It does not seem to be, as iis name imports, a place of penitence; it is cer tainly not a place of reformation, hut, is rather a school for theft, lawlessness and villauy, wliere those more hardened in crime act as teachers ot those who are younger aud of less experience. Honesi men who in the heat of passion, commit crime which consjgus th, in, under our present laws,to this den of thieves, generally come out corrupted and contaminate d. In view of the above facts, I recommend that tin; Penitentiary be abolished as soon as it can legally be done, and that otherfnedes of punish ment, such as huu;:ing, whipping, branding, &e , be substituted Tire South Carolina code, it is believed, would furnish a safe guide for our legis lation on this subject* I know of no State The resolutions of the General Assembly of this cruited to the“ necewary'number and boThl^r^and State protesting against these usurpations and sbn- . independence are lost together. * ses have been unheeded and laid asioe without j Tfiis ruinous policy of the administration fhiib no | justification iu the constitution of the country. From lev- the organization of the Government of the United tera- States totho disruption oftlie Union, the ueifoiui prac- even the courtesy of a reply. Direct taxes of enormous burden 1 ied by Congress without the census tion imperatively required by tho which operate upon the people of 1‘ ave been or enumet constitution, is and other Given under my hand and official signature, this ! the enemy ; but it must be admi;t*-d, since the de vastation of the country beyond, that it is now January 1 35 5t 18(55. j e McDonald, ordy. Chi »RG1A, Pulaski county. ‘lilHIEUEAS, Nicholas Rawlins applies to me for i t permanent letters of administration on the estate •: Xiohohs' 1‘. Rawlins, late of said county deceased. T.., *0 are therefore to cite and admonish all persons ;i,: -t, <1 to be and appear ut my ollice, on or before ... first Monday in Mareh next^nd liletiieir objections ■; r. -. they can.) to Hie granting of said letters of ad- mini-nation to the -aid Nicholas Rawlins. j Given un,!t-r my nand and otBcial signatare, this | •b'oHi irv -Uth 18C5- ' 355. JOHN J. SPARROW, Onl y. GEORGIA. Twiggs County. \\niEREAS, Missouri A Champion has ap- I tv plied to me for letters of administration on j the estate of Elias F Champion, deceased j A'l persons interested, are hereby admnn.shed , to file their objections in my office by the first 1 Mon lav in March next. j Witness my hand and official signature this j Janu^iy 25, JffUfi. _ _ •J-, ot J. E. MCDONALD, Ord y. 1 GEORGIA Pulaski county. EREAS, James II. Goodman applies to me i rs cf adniinistinn 011 the estate of Mary 1 n iter, late of said, county deceased. : <• iherefore to cite and admonish, all persons , tricusly ■1 lie ami appear at my office, on or before have kept fifteen T 1 M on i> v iu March next anil show cause if any ; ,j ( . r , j, x m , , whv letters of guardians],ip si,rmld not be J J . „ w C. 15 Tu tile • , gra-'!, t.iv Jantv :q plicaut in terms of *lie Statute, iinder my hand and offijcial signature this .hi 1S<'5. :, t JOHN PALE. I). Ord’y. only a strong out-post of intlc military iuipor- tnnee. compared with the great interior. It must also be ailuiittiu that Richmond is rendered inse cure by the successes of Get,etal Sherman in the interior, and the position he lias gained in the rear oi that Mid other strongholds, which were relied I on for deleiice If his uriobstiucted movement through Georgia must result in the loss of Rich- i mood, how much hotter it would have bee n if we I ha . niv* 11 the evacuation ot R chuiohd for '.lie de struction ot-fiis am;}’. i have leit it rny duty to refer to these facts in justice to my Stine, of which it may t e safely said stie 1ms had a larger preportioA of her white 1 male population under arms for tiie last eight mouths, in defence oi our cause, than «ny other -{Gate hi tiie Contedciacy. Uu account of the at tachment ot her peopie to the cause of State sover eignty and constitutional ribeny, and their re- j uionstrafices against uiijustitiabie usurpations of . power by the Coufedetate government, Georgia i has been systematically if not wiifuiiy misiepre- I sent, d by government officials and organs, who ) ) give ciu-uialien to ii,e most te>k!ess and unjust I comm, ms upon the conduct ot the people of ihe ! Slate and her government, Without the magnsiiim- ' irv or common honesty topu dish tiie tacts when 1 laid before them, which show th*ir statements to ! be without any real Inundation in fact Asanin- stange, I mtimon the fact that it has hei-11 iudus- irculated that I, as G..v, rnor ot the istate, sand un 11 out ot service mi 's 1 coireeted lbs uiisrep- • lied statement. which sllow- j which they are impose j Much ot our most objectionable legislation is which the criminal law s arc more faithfully execu- j fastened upon Us by the votes of representatives ted, or in which less crime is committed. i who, however patriotic a*d tine fo our cause, act In accordance with the request of the General . without responsibility ttTany constituency, out ot r Assembly before your late adjournment, I offered j the army, who can be affected thereby, and who ween sixteen and seventeen and old men between pardon to all the convicts who were not of the j tau neither visit with safety*, nor show themselves fifty anil fifty live years oi age, who are not subject worst class, who would vq^mft er to enter the publicly among the people whom they profess Jo to service by the laws of Congress, in the army of military service, making the pardon conditional the Confederacy No law ol Congress makes on the faithful dischatge of’their duties as soldiers, them in any way subject to the President's con- This was accepted hy iiearfr all to whom it was troi. The statut- of the State declares positively tender; d They organized into a company* end that they shall not be subject to any draft or com- diu good service at the Oconee River, where they pulso-y ptocess to fill any requisition made by the met the enemy and acted gallantly. I regret to President of the ConfederativStates upon the Gov- learn, however, that over half of them have sines or nor of tho State. They were the last reserve deserted. These will be subject to s'ferve out their force of the State able to do service. If they were time when they can he arrested. There are also turned over to Confederate control with no power several life convicts now within the walls: to keep on the part of the State to recall them, she would ; these and such as may be hereafter sentenced bn be left without any alt qua to foice for the execu- ! crime committed before tiie change of 1 La mode tien ofht rown laws. ; of punishment, it will be necessary (0 rebuild so The State had much more than filled every re- tar ;is to provide accommodation and work shops qnisition made upon her in common with other for the limited number. Du* hundred thousand States for troops No call was mode at the tiro* j dollars in currency may be sufficient to do this „ , . Uldfoiin prae lice was tu call upon the {states, when mnn troops than u,e regular army were nGeded, to furnish themergan- States, but have no operation upon the peooleof this rtra'ly toi service. This they could readily do, as and other Slates, but ha' e no operation upon the p, ought'toffiawto 'bring them oulTuS of "IJoffi peop.e ot-I.sseur 1 ot Kentucky .who aie represen j t)g officers of tiie cential government imported among ted equally oeoi£ia 1:1 t.ie Cuiifjrcss by tiiem whom they kotw Dwlud wbo were not io gym- ; pathy with ithein, all the militia officers and civil oiii- ceVs of tlie counties, who are their neighbors nud friends, and whom they are accustomed to respect and obey, could be charged with the duty of aiding in the organization. Not only so, bufTliey were permitted to go under officerso'f their own neighborhoods usually elected by them, ana to go with their own neighbors and relatives as their associates and companions in . . arms. This was not only tire practical a»ct successful represent, a majority ot whom have given tho J mode, but it wns the constitutional on®. That inetru- strongest evidences of sympathy and support to ment declares that Congress shall have power to pro- thc Government of the United States, «n<J have vide for organizing, ntrniugand.discipliningthe liiifitia, been constantly represented in tha Congress of and tor governing such part ot them as may be era- tbose States ployed in tho service of the Confederate States; reserr- Imp.essments of private property for public use. I l "? wVicii are oiteu necessary au,] proper, have been carried to an extent which i* tyrannical and oppres sive iu the extreme. In-teau of purchase as the luienud impressment the exception, the whole property cf our people is placed under the control of it.ipre^sir >nt agents, who refuse to pay “just conipcn •ation,’’ as required by the constitution, or even half the market value, and who pay in ceiiiiicatea which the govoni'mcut refuses to re- ! ceivfr in pavmeut of public dues'. upon the other Stales for troops of this class ; nor In this connection 1 will fuiiiter remark that had the other States ordered out and placed in 1 the exigencies of the times, in my opinion, require service their miiitiaof these ages. such amendments iu the penal code as wi i make It was quite clear that the requisition was not : dealli the punishment ot robuery, burg ary, and mad" for the purpose of getting the militia into j service, for they were there at the time under the 1 command of General llooti. Looking at ail these facts 1 could not doubt that the 1‘resident had oth- ) er motives in making the call—and that the mam object was to get them out of the control of the State, subject to his command, and to disband the rers, and the authority of training tiie liii.itia accordin' to tiie discipline prescribed by Congress. Fending tj,e consideration of this paragraph in the Convention which formed the Constitution oft lie United States, Mr. Madison moved to amend it by inserting after the words “reserving to the ISiffies respective,** the appointment of the officers" the words ""-der tlio rank of General officers.’’ This amendment it adopt ed would have let; the States to appoint all officers under tho rank of General, aud the Federal Govern ment to appoint the Generals. But s<'jealous were the States of the power and patronage which this would • given to tha federal executive, that they rejected By a pre'endtd ccr.sciiptiou, not authorized by have the const in.tion, the gi: vein ment has placed our' itbytTio vote of all the States, except two^; no,I re- served tothe States the appomtmeut of nil the ,ftic» is ricu'uuatistH ut 1, r heavy bonds to §cll to ir at the impressment prices fixed hy i s agents, and itorso stealing. 'Jo prevent our people'tio^o ink ing the execution ol the law into then own Lane!,,, I recommend that tho law he so changed as to .au thorize the Judges of th extra sessions of their respective.courts it is, in their opinion, necessary for the speedy , _ trial oi offenders. As many of tliejmls are inse- 1 ai, y appropria'ion o! money for a longer term tliai t-> i'::;::ii,aml the militia, when eioploved vie;: of the. Unit: d ftatcr. And le^t there s in I tie hpi - • lenies to them tLo piiv, ego to soil tho fiuits of; vll-;: V' tiie liniteU Stnte». .And iegt there should he a ■|. -ir l-bor in «rcn maiket or to exchange then. q«c»Uon about who is meant by the to be com- , • • 1 - . manded by officers appointed by the States when eiu- , t fr uth " r commodities watch fire neftessary .0 the p! „ JC(j in ^.c ^-rvlee of the Con ed rate States the Superior Courts to call ; support cf themscives and then f -miu-.s • Coustitution liascolved that doubt, itsuvs; pective.courts, « henever I The Govern? * nt dnregar s that provision of the 1 .. y well regulated militia being necessary to tiie se- icessary for the speedy Constitution which prohibitsCongiess from making enritvot a free state, the right of tbepeop/e to keep and j any appropria'ion of money for a longer term than bear arms shall not be infringed.’’ Hence it is plain -■*■ j a r „bber bands rescue their como's 11- ! two v*>ars to support the armies ot the C'onted«-ra- ! that the word mudia -and the Avord people inen*i the la’c organizations; and enable him to appoint | V T,or esnt provisions for tTatnal cy, nud as a meat« of perpetuating the war be- • same, apply to the same persons, and are used as »yno. g^.if.rjii and I ip|,l ( tfiic-rs tn rornmand tlipm , IOCS in CriQlO, lUe pres IH provisfono *01 loo tr,rtl , J , ”... , arm. If mrlen,- f K-r-f,.— e<i that I had put into service classes ot persons not ordered nut in otliei {Totes, and iliai the wlmle number of State officeis in Georgia who have bern held by me utifier tiie !> gis'atieu of the State to be exempt from military seivice, was only i,- 45!t, ot whom a large proportion are over military age. This ctrr, cuou was passed in silence by D,jut\ who had given publicity to the groundless charge, which was intended to be iijnrious to tii.- Governor ot the >;nte, to the ptrsons exempted by her laws, and to the character ot her people. 1 am satisfied, h wever, ilfcu impartial history will do jusiic" to the government and people r , | of Georgia. "S well as lo the conduct and nioiiveg e i u u 0'Jer my hand officially, this 27th Joy i of her assailants, who have stripped her of her GEriRfjlA, j aS p er County. ’YyHERj.AS, Sarah A. Jon^. niftkes appliea fi'-n to me, for lotters of adminisfra ion , ‘ ‘ 1 . w i'-l annexed, on the estate of David L. ^ • 1 > ' "Ut; uf ssiri county deceased. fiereoM 8:e A ««*fora to cite and admonish «H fjj-c, w 1 liCer ned,to show cause, on or before tii? < iW„ OM ,, a J'' n April, nex’, why letters shall nol| . , J the General and Field Officers to command them | 'This was the more evident from the fact that he j required all within General Hood’s department to j report to him in Atlanta, and ail within thedepart- meut of South Carolina and Georgia to report to the commandant of that department, whose hea-1- qttai ters were tlien »t. Charleston. The line di viding these two departments cuts in two.notonly (ienernl Smith's Division, hut three out of the four Brigades and a large proportirfh of the Reg iments. If the requisition had been obeyed the organization would have been disbanded, and a large proportion of the militia, who were then un d r the fire of th^ enemy, defending Atlanta, wou'd have been ordered off to report to General done* at Charleston, when no enemy was press ing us upon ihe coast. Under these circumstances I felt it my duty (o refuse to til! a r< quifftinn made by the President, without authority of iaw. tor a class of troop of criminals are too tardy for the vindication of J'oncl tl»£ period of the existence of tiie present public justice* Wbippi ment inflicted upou those who are convicted of mous terms. It ts clear, therefore, that the States have carefully reserved the appointment of officers to coin- public justice* Whipping should be th? punish- Congress,, without the assent ot the people in 'I 1 ®,! „ ia n,l tiieir arms bearing'people, when employed in ment inflicted tioou those who are convicted of' next elections, it proposes to p,edg .* toe tit lie ot the service —*- o._. - illegal .traffic with slaves Arming Ike Slates. - , . the service of tho Confederate States, the more valuable annual productions of the agu- if the President had adhered to this mode of raising cultural class of our people, who are selected for troops, as Mr. Madison who was a prominent “meintwr the burden, for years to comerior that purpose, j of t!;c Convention which framed the Constitution, did The administaation, by its unfortui^^e policy and to continue the pledge of the incomes of this ; in the war of 4^12, his patronage in the nriiiv would having wasted our strength aud reduced our ar particular class after tho termination of tho war, have been small. It on the other hand the Constitu- mips, find V*#»inrr nnahlp fn nrpf: frppin^n info ti:n ; for tin* navmpnf of tlio Trpnmirv notes issued for * n V. ,l ! < . I COL‘8Crij»ti()ll ttdoptMl mies, and being un,'ible to get freemen into the for tin* pa v ment of the Treasury notes issued for . ., , field as conscnpis, and unwilling to accept them i the support of the aruues during its existence. . cers j,i 3 patronage was im mouse • tne ‘ iu organizations with officers of their own choice. , Few of this class make mere titan a tithe as net J( is about Bix hundred regiments or enontrh of will, it is believed, soon resort to the policy of profits. Iu the estimate of the .Secretary ot the; organized troops to make that number,’have ti< mi re filling them up by the conscription of slaves. ! Treasury, in which he sets dow n the incomes 0t ; eeived into Confederate se vice Irom nil the States. I am satisfied that labor, so far ns it can „ . . to do menial service in connection with the army, estimates gross and n»i net incomes, and iu this ! to each regiment, making ttcenty-fonr thousand com- and thereby enable more ire<? white men to take ’ *-■ > ■ ■ nni—n /u,— issmii,,* aad '*’ “ r ” 1 up aans; but I am quite su'e any attempt to arm tiie slaves will bo a great error. If we expect to IC V.UUOVllJ'HV** **» *-'*“* ' o. x l CftftUJ J 1U *» illvli Illy OOIJ ' - MlM-ll _ we may profitably use slave j this class at about fifty per cent, he fails to allow: Each regiment has ten eompimies, and each company n be spared from agriculture,! any credit for the vastexpenso of production IT-j t>>or oominisioned officers, or forty ton.pany officers estimates gro*!* and u.it net incomes, and in this ! to each regiment, making twenty-four than sand com- wav shows the incomes of the planter to he milch i "ffiuorB. Add to this i500 Coloneb, and as m any greater than those of the banker or money holder. ! A . d J nta “ te >. Quartern,astern, interest and dividends cost none of the la- ; «n4 Lomm.^anes, as the law then- sffiod,) tagetl»r continue the war siiccessfu'ly, we are'obliged to, bor and expense o! p.ouuction incurred by the M. H HUTCHPRONaOrd’y. TOsift'n County. •J i . - has made application fo this * latp f 0 ' 1 / Ior of administration on the es- of I' - 1 Lee, minor of John J. Lee, late •j.. 1 ' 1 ,s county, deceased. < , “ e ftfe therefore to cite all persons interested 10 «e .Hid strength and leti hei to the lavages of her fuioigu StateAwlm were in service, acting gallantly at the entinies. time, under officers of distinguished merit with a The Militia. ’ ! thorough organization, which must have been dis banded by my compliance with the President's demand, and the troops scattered at a most criti cal period iu the defence of Atlanta. I earnestly request the General Assembly to say, by resolution, whether my conduct in refos Experience has shown the necessity for amend ments iu our militia laws Too laws should be so changed as to provtde 'or a separate organiza tion of the old men over fifty years of age, under officers ot ihrir own number to be elected hy rhem with all Chaplains, .Surgeons, Brigadier Generals, ..... . . - . . . . Major Generals, Lieutenant Generals; with all the which I could not turn over upon h«t requisition ; have the labor of most cf them iu tho production planter. - I p, w f Quartermasters, Commissaries, Commandants, without a violation cf a positive statute of the | of provisions. . Citizens who belong neither to the land nor ns- Adjutants, Marshalls, Ac., Ac., and the conscript act inNudin «•»•— !n urnion n «!i a ntl» tt ihs ' But if this difficulty were surmounted, we can j val forces of the government, or to t’no militia in inade.aboul 34,000 officers dependent npon ti:e Pi not rely upon them as soldiers. They are now I actual service, are arrested by provost guards and quietly serving us at home, because they do not I government detectives, undercharges of treason w.sh to go into tim army, and they fear, if they i or other indictable offences, or disloyalty, without leave us the enemy will put them there If we j warrant cr other process from the courts, and im* compel them to take up aims, their whole feeling ; prisoned at the pleasure of the government in open and conduct wiil change, and they will leave us disregard of the constitution, which declares that by thousands. A single proclamation by Presi- no such person shall be held to answer for a cap- j; c , a PPear at my office on or before the first i Alt'civil officers of the several counties now exempt ing to return over the reserve militia, organized Rt) a ” * n March, and file their objections (if from service should be mad- subject t-J ini ilia bv the State for her own defence, is approved, or *hoi ■ l y can ’ ) wh y 1<it,ers of administration j duty iu these orgamzati. ns. j whether it shall yet he done,'and the State strip- thV’i " UOt be K rante d tl,e applicant in terms ot j When oiganizeu the Reserve Militia of this ckss pel of her last strength, and left without a man to V*" ' . | shou.d be nqutred to do all I ecessary police duty "id in the execution of her lavys, and to strike a 10’h a** Cn d er my hand and seakof office this : in tlieir several counties and to arrest and turn blow iu her defence when Confederate aid is with 2*y of January, 1865. * «* 31 &t JOHN J. - X. I over fo the proper authoritb s, ail deserters from, drawn, and the enemy devastating her fields, towqf be our opinion ot their normar condition. or then SPARROW) Ord'y, | State or Confederate service, and all persons sub-1 and cities. * » trua* interest, wo cannot expect them,if they ro made.about 30,000 officers dependent upon ti;e Frc-i lientV wifi for promotion. Thus in violation of the Constitution the-1 resident was substituted for tho StnteB. and like the King of England made tbe foundn- tiouofalluonrr. by thousands. A single proclamation by dent Lincoln—that all who will desert us after they are torced into service, and go over to him, shall have their freedom, be taken out of the ar my, and permitted to go iuto the country in his possession, and receive wages for their labor— would disband them by brigades. Whatever may be our opinion of their normaf condition or their __ such person shall be held tal or otherwise infamous crime, unless ou a pie sentmeut or indictment of a grand jury, nor bede privtd of life liberty or property, without due pro cess of law. and that no warrants sirall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affir matione^artioulaily describing the p.isous or things to be seized. Good and loyal citizens, who travel oo rail- 1 o carry out this new policy of allowirg the Presi dent to appoint the officers, it became necessarv to re- tu.-e longer to receive troops in organized bodies with their officers, but each must be conscribcd aud sent into service under.vicli officers^ the Pre.sideut might appoint. This separated kindred anil friends arid neighbors, while m service. It destroyed trie individu ality and patriotic ardor of our people, each of whom prior to that time, felt that as a freeman he was’ part of the/ Government, and that it Was his war. But so -oon as this policy was adopted he felt that it was the Government's war, and that he was no longer a free man, but the slave of absolute power. This was no^