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LEGAL ADVERTISING.
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>• \fter I began to advertise my Ironware freely,
• .os increased with amazing rapidity, for ten
n past 1 have spent £8o.om) vearD to keep my
ri„r wares before the public, llad 1 been timid in
'■rig, 1 never should have possessed my fortune
v —McLeod Helton. Hirmingham.
" i Hiring like Midas’ touch, turns everything to
: At. it. your daring men draw millions to their
it u irt Cloy
", it and iclty is to love, and boldness t.o war, the
•• r f printer’s ink, is to success in business.’
. p i lie aid of advertisements 1 con’d have done
ay 'peculations. 1 have the most compile
1 ";;rinters'ink.” Adve. tislng is the "royal road
Iness —Barniun.
]\AIL^OAD3.
WTBItN h miNTIC 11. R.
Atlanta. -Tune 2d, 1572.
MiillT PMSICNGEK TRAIN TO N. Y. AND THE WEST.
h.ivK Atlanta, 8 35 o tri
Arrives Chattanooga, 4. 40 a in
DAY I'ASSF.Ni; sa tbain to the SOUTH AND WEST.
Hives Atlanta, 8. 8" am
Arrves Chattanooga, • 8. 50 p m
LIGHTNING EXPRESS TO NEW YORK.
’•■• vs Atlanta, 4. 05 p m
Arrives Dalton 9. 28 p m
Mo;IT PASSENOBit TRAIN fuom n. y. to the west.
: Yes Chattanooga, 5. 20 p m
Arrives Atlanta, 1. 30 a m
■'AY PASSENHKR TRAIN FROM N. Y. TO TIIK WEST.
• l * Chattanooga, 8.30 am
Arrives Atlanta, 3.50 p in
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN.
iv es Dalton, 1.00 a m
Arrives Atlanta, 9.50 a m
JOSEPH E DROWN, Presidin'.
Professional pARDS.
[ ■" MOUSE. Dentist., Forsyth, Georgia. When you
visit Forsyth, call at my office and have your
*1 Work done ns it should bo. Teeth inserted
‘0 filled, teeth extracted, teeth attended to in the
■Die of the Dental Art. Call once and you will
' 'Hly call again, but will bring all your friends in
i; ’'v’ your sweetheart and mother-in-law
•C'-0-Bin Respectfully, L. S. MOUSE.
I T. TOOLEY, Attorney at Law, Barnesville. Ga.
"» Will promptly attend to all business that may be
- I before him within the Flint Judicial Circuit,
-cover L 13. Whitehurst’s store. may‘2s-ly.
\V X. BEALL. Atturreyat Law, Thnm
’ aston. Ga. Will practice in the Flint Circuit or
ind attend promptly to business, j ib: B ts.
\\ ' WEAVER, Attorney at Law,
j. .• 'ir.aston, Ga., will practice in all the Courts
"'iCircuit, and elsewhere by special contract.
1 'Viiey’s brick building Southeast corner
_g"P«afrs. janl3tf
lj ! ''AXDWICII, Attorney ami Conn
rat Law, Thomaston, Ga. Will jiractice
is ... ;‘‘ ra l t'ourta of the State of Georgia, and attend
.j ' il " business entrusted to his care.
\ \ R R KENDALL offers his pmfes-
I I 'Tii services tc the citizens of Ihomaston and
■ r bff" c °untry. May be found during the day at
Iu ' > b'>'e, at night at tlie former reside;.ce of
I v. F'H’r'ositc Rogers & Cheney’s Warehouse.
■ 'I, ',’ REDDING, Attorney at Law,
I ■ ’ ll!ll '’vil'e, Pike co, Ga. Will practice in the
I ‘^Cr il!irisln * the Flint Judicial Circuit, and
'■ 1.,1' ’ yß i’ e ''ial ontract AH business promptly
~ IJ ' Office in Elder’s building, over Chamber's
| ugfi-'y
I BEALL, Attorney at Law,
i in i 1 '" n ' Oa. Will practice in the Flint Cir
■ ‘inewhere by special contract aug27-ly
BALL, Attorney and Counsellor
A' ll practice In tbo" counties composing
t, r nt- hi tho Supreme Court of Georgia,
■LrtiV Court of the United States for the
„ oa, hern Districts of (ieorgia.
■ ' Hon , Ga., June 18th, lS7b-ly.
| 0; . DR ' G. P. CAMPBELL,
I & Mechanical Dentist,
Ii tS V ILLE, OEOKCI A.
A CTS WITH GENTLENESS AM)
, . tho, ' <,u B ,,ne? s upon the Liver ahd General Cir
culation keeps the Rowels fn Natural Motion and
leanses the System from all impurities. Never fails r
t o cure - VR. , us r
Dr. o. s. Prophdt ; s ; . : ; v ;m
i.y. In. • • VVy VVVVWVVVVvvv* UZI:
hh nt Dyspepsia, IndigestioQ, Loss of A petite. Nausea,
Sour Stomach, llenrt Burn, Debility, Low Spirits Gold
v!L e .R am 1 1 1 l , . n,ls » Costiveness, Listlessness, Colic Chron-
Chilla and r ever.
Compounded in strict accordance with skillful chem
istry and scientific pharmacy, this purely Vegetable
Cos »n- %-^-rfAAAX.rv?.^.?..pound
iv.fr.qfc.E le b rate Dinv.r.,
tw en ty iivWVV W WVVV’i'V ViT yearsin
cesant use, been styled the Great Restoiative and lte
cuperant by the enlightened testimony of thousands
using it ; so harmonious adbjusted that it keeps the
Liver in healthful action; and when the directions are
observed the pro ess of waste and replenishment in the
human system continues uninterruptedly to a ripe old
age, and *.l .? .r £.£ .% „v .v w v nian HI e
If o / T. 3L iv e r Medicine.;^
!* u L* " r n ,' r ' fi’«i!c’» *Vs VW gia v e
lull of years, without a struggle, whenever Deat.n claims
his prerogative Adapted to the most delicate temper
ament and robust constitution, it can bo given with
equal safety and curtail ty of succets to the young child,
invalid lady or strong man.
DR. O. S. FROPHITT’S
ANODYNE PAIN KILL IT.
NEVER FAILING!
Kill Pain in Every Form.
Cures Pains in the P>nck, Chest, llips or Limbs, Rheu
matism, Neuralgia, Cough, Colds, Bronchial Affections,
Kidney Diseases, Dyspepsia Liver Complaint; Colic,
Cholera, Cholera Morbus, Pleurisy, Asthma, Heart
Burn Toothache, Jawnclie, Earache, Headache, Sprains,
Bruises. Guts, Contusions, Sores, Lacerated Wounds,
Scalds, Burns, Chill liiains, Frost Bites, Poisons of all
kinds, vegetable or animal. Os all the Remedies ever
kzixjlj it!
K-zscai-sxrr&acsr; weikb**
•discovered for therelif of suffering humanity, this Ls the
best Plain Medicator known to Medical Bcience. The
cure is speedy and permanent in tlie most inveterate
diseases. This is no humbug, nut a grad medical dis
cover?. A Pain Killer containing ncyoison to inflame,
parlize or drive the inffamatien upon an internal organ
ltsafticiency is truly wonderful—Relief is Instantane
ous. It is destined to banish pains and aches, wounds
and issumes, from the face of the earth. n2O-ly
DR, WM, A. WRIGHT,
The People’s Drug Store!
BARNESVILLE, GA.
A large supply of FRESH and GENUINE
DRUGS AN u MEDICINES,
And receiving as the trade demands.
West’s No. 1 Iverosine Oil, Linseed Oil,
White Lead, Sj>is-it.s Turpentine, Yarn
ishes, Paints, Painter’s Materials, a fine
lot of Lamps ji mi Chimneys, Window
CilnsT, Piiltj', PoeketCutlei'}'> A good assort
ment of
Chewing and Smoking Tobacco.
CIGARS, and all other artiolesjic usually keeps LOW
for CASH.
Those that have been favored with credit must come
forward and settle, as money is what be must have to
pay for what you have bought, heretofore. s> pt 23 ts
X,. B, LANGFORD,
V'IiOLESALi: AND RETAIL DEALER IN
STOVES, HOLLOW WARE,
BLOCK TIN, TIN PLATE, SHEET
IKON & TINNERS’ FINDINGS,
SLATE MANTELS AMD GRATES,
lIOUSE-FT lIMSI3Ii\U GOODS OF
EVERY DESCRIPTION, &c.
cOI*I’ E U HTI L L ,
Keystone llloelc, AVlilteliall St.,
ALLAN TA, GIXXRGI A.
Agent for the Celebrated “CHARTER fY '^' l7 ES. l
uichl6.‘3m
SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS !
G. F. TURNER & BRO,
in form the puplic that they
have fust received an additional supply of
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
ladies’ white goods such as
PLAIDC A M BIUCS,
XANSO O Iv S ,
PEC A S ,
FAN S ,
GLOVES,
PARASOLS,
11 O S I E RY, & c . , & c .
They keep constantly on hand every de
scription of usually kept in a
FIRST-CLASS DRY GOODS and SHOE
STORE. They have also just received a
lot of SUGAR, COFFEE, CANDLES and
SOAP. They call particular attention to
their large assortment of PLAIN and
FANCY SHIRTS and COLLARS.
mayll-Lf Thomaston, Da.
THOMASTON, GA., SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 17, 1872.
Written for the Thomaston Herald.
exiled.
CHAPTwV.
Were I to go through the whole of my ex
perience while in Kentucky, it would take
too long to get to the main point of my
narative. I will simply say that through
tlie kind treatment of Mr. Russell’s family,
I was able to start home on the 15th day of
January, 18G4.
Charlie came with me, and the 4th day of
February, I rode up to Gen. Johnson’s head
quarters, at Dalton, Ga. I introduced my
self to tlie general and stated my business,
lie inquired the state of things in Kentucky
and the North generally. I handed him a
bundle of Northern papers and told him I
was wounded and unable to do duty and I
wanted a short leave of absence. I then
related the incident of my being wounded.
I then produced tlie papers that the dying
yankee had given me and handed them to
Maj. Falconer for liis inspection, lie found
out that the yankee was at Gen. Bragg’s
headquarters the morning after tlie battle
of Missionary Ridge, when I got the detail,
and pursued me into Kentucky.
Gen. Johnson had a short consultation
with one of his start’ and returned to me
saying that he would continue me in speeial
service and could go home and stay till I
got well.
Charlie made application through the reg
ular channel and was furloughed for thirty
days. We both telegraphed home on our
arrival in Dalton.
My mother was overjoyed to see me, and
I was applauded all around for rescuing
Charlie. All the neighbors and accpuaint
ttnees thought a great deal of him.
Time passed on, and as soon as 1 recover
ed sufficiently 1 returned to the army, and
at my own request was returned to duty
with my company. I remained with my
company only a short time on account of
my wound, which disabled me to sucli an
extent that 1 was unable to remain in tlie
field.
I was put on post duty and served in the
commissary department at a place in South
Carolina awhile; and here took place the
circumstances which resulted in my volun
tary banishment from the United States.
After Sherman left, Atlanta, the Federal
prisoners at Andersonville, Georgia, were
moved to different places. Some were carried
to Florence, S. C., where I was ordered on
duty.
In the meantime Charlie Thomas had
been placed on the retired list, he being
disabled to such an extent that he could do
no duty at all. One day I received a letter
from him which I will give to my readers.
Dear Tom:—l received your last several
days since and hasten to reply.
You asked how I was getting on with
Miss Ida, Arc. Why is it that you desire to
know? I hope you are not jealous of me.
You may he well aware that 1 was n’t going
to remain here long before I told her all.
I called a few days ago to settle the matter,
and of all the fools in the world I felt that I
was the biggest. What to do I knew not.
I finally commenced something, and thought
I would soon get to the point—the more we
talked the farther wo got from the point.—
I saw at last that she was turning me around
her fingers just for fun. I could n’t stand
that, so 1 determined to. stop it in short or
der. 1 arose and took a seat by her side and
took hold of both her hands, and said:
‘•Miss Ida, do you know the cause of my
being so badly wounded at Missionary
Ridge ?”
“Recause you did not dodge the bullets
like Tom Carlton, 1 reckon.”
“Do you think Tom dodged them 7”
“How else could he escape if he was right
by you?”
' “I don’t know; but you have dodged my
question.”
“I have n’t been dodging your questions,
that I know of.”
“Well, you certainly are aware that I love
you, and I will tell you what I have never
told any one else. Your last letter was the
cause of my being wounded; and when Tom
Carlton picked me up I would have just as
soon died as not.”
“I had never thought of this, Charlie,
you surprise me.”
“Well, I thought you could see that I
loved you, and though I could see no hope,
I could do nothing but ask you to marry me,
although everybody believes you are en
gaged to this Captain in Joe Brown’s State
troops. Now give me a fair consideration,
and I trust you a\ill love me ere long.”
She had changed colorseveral times while
I was talking. I saw her blush deeply
when I mentioned the name of the State
troops Captain.
1 guess you will laugh at all this nonsense,
but 1 hope when you ask Miss Clara Russell
to marry you, she will be so willing that she
will sav yes at once.
This letter is already too long. I and
Miss Ida are now engaged. I can say no
more. Yours truly,
Charlie.
Before I replied to this letter of Charlie s,
I was in an unpleasant situation. A\ liile
passing the headquarters of the prison one
day, I saw a prisoner swung up by the
thumbs for trying to escape. The man had
succeeded in getting out of the stockade and
followed a detail of prisoners off’ from the
grounds, but by some means he was recap
tured and brought back and thus swung up
as a punishment for the only privilege he
had, that is to escape if he could.
I thought I hated a yankee as bad as any
one could, but 1 thought this wrong, and at
once remonstrated with the officer (with
whom I was acquainted,) about it and told
him he did not have the right to do it. He
replied that he did, and that I had better
attend to my own business. I thereupon
called upon the troops around and told them
if they would help I would take him down.
They came and we took him down. I. ot
course, was arrested on the spot, and soon
tried by Court Martial and found guilty of
mutiny and sedition and sentenced to be
shot to death with musketry. It was no
more than I expected.
What was Itodo ? Military Courts never
look at the reasons a man has for doing any
thing, but simply at what has been done.
There is no mercy in a military court.
I knew of only one chance, and that I
made use of. 1 knew that tlie President of
tlie Confederate States could pardon me,
consequently I at once wrote to him as
follows;
Florence, S. C., Nov. 15, 1804.
lion. Jefferson Davis, President Con
federate States — Sir: Enclosed you will find
charg e and specifications against me togeth
er with tlie finding and sentence of the
court martial.
Without pretending to discuss the legality
or the justice of either, 1 simply desire to
call your attention to my views of the duty
imposed upon me by my joining the Con
federate Army as a volunteer.
I am a Georgian—one who has been
raised to prize my honor above everything
else. I did not enter the army to fi.irht for
any man, or set of men; for this hobby or
that prejudice, but simply to defend my oxen
individual rights as a Georgian. I do not
now, nor never expect to worship any man
or lay down my principles for anybody.—
When 1 fight for principles 1 care not who
opposes or whom I fight.
All I ask is a careful consideration of the
circumstances attending this affair. 1 can’t
think you will uphold any officer in punish
ing a prisoner of war for trying to escape.
I never joined the army of such a govern
ment by choice as one whose military courts
can find a man guilty of a crime, whose
punishment is death, in w hat I have done.
I therefore ask that I be treated as an alien
and dealt with accordingly.
I hereby notify you that I will notify the
world that if the sentence of the Court that
tried me and convicted me, is carried into
effect, 1 was murdered in cold blood, and
the world will hold you responsible for it.
Hoping you will give this your immediate
attention,
I am very truly yours, A:c.,
Thomas Carleton,
Private, Company —, —Regiment.
I sent this letter to my company for the
endorsement of my company and regimental
commanders, and it was forwarded with the
following endorsements:
Headquarters, Co.—, —Reg’t., )
Nov. 20th, 1804. S
Respectfully forwarded and earnestly re
commended to the clemency of the President.
J. 8. Camp,
Capt. Co.—, —lteg’t.
lleadqumiters, —Rf.o’t, )
Nov. 20th, 1804. f
Approved and respectfully forwarded. The
applicant is a high-toned gentleman and
soldier; tlie only child of an afflicted and
widowed mother. C. I). Clayton,
Colonel Commanding.
On the 2d of December, I received the
following letter and order through the reg
ular channel:
Executive Department, C. S., |
Richmond, Va., Nov. 27th, 1804. j
Private Thomas R. Carleton, Cos. —.—
lie (ft, —Dear Sir: Your communication
of the 15th November lias been received and
carefully noticed. I herewith send the or
der for your release from arrest and trans
portation beyond our lines, should you desire
it. The principle motive which causes me
to act thus is the fact that you are known to
the Government asonc of its bravest soldiers
and the descendant of a noble family, upon
a single son of whom rests no stain of dis
honor or cowardice.
Trusting that in future there may he no
cause for any trouble to you,
I am truly,
Jefferson Davis, President.
Ad.i t and Insp’tr Gen. Office, )
Richmond, Ya., Nov. 27, 1864. )
The prisoner, Thomas R. Carleton, of
Co.—, —regiment, will be released from
arrest and honorably discharged from the
army and furnished transportation beyond
the lines of the Confederate States at any
point he may choose.
By order of the President,
S. Cooper,
Adj’t and Insp’tr Gen’l.
Whether any order in regard to the treat
ment of prisoners was ever issued, 1 never
knew. I think not. This fact influenced
me at once to take the course I did, which
was to leave tlie Confederacy at once. If
the officer liad been reprimanded even, it is
highly probable that I would have remained.
I took my papers and was ready to leave,
when one night an agent of the Government
on special service for the War Department
called on me and intimated that I could get
a recommendation to the C. S. Agent in
Canada, if I wished it. We had a long
talk in regard to the policy of the Govern
ment generally. lie was a great admirer of
• . •
President Davis. I declined having any
thing to do with the C. S. Agent in Canada.
It was my desire to keep this entire affair
a secret from my mother, for I knew it
Would grieve her nearly to death when site
heard that I was about to he shot to death.
I had not written anything concerning it to
any one at home.
I started home in a day or two after I was
discharged to make my arrangements for
leaving. Upon my arrival at home I found
my mother ready to start to see me. She
had heard from a young lady in the neigh
borhood the. whole affair. An officer in the
company to which I belonged had written
to this young lady and informed her of it
and she, from good motives, told my mother
about it. I also corresponded with this same
young lady and received a letter from her
upon my release deploring my condition,
and expressing sympathy for me, and adora
tion for my courage and independence
throughout the whole affair.
This same officer was, as he thought, a
rival of mine, and took advantage of this
affair to forever ruin me in the young lady’s
estimation. He wrote to her father a shame
ful statement of it, and public opinion was
against me decidedly. I discovered that
; tills thing had keen spread through malice
j som eone, and I was satisfied that the
officer alluded to lradsomethingtodo with it.
I was at home only a few hours before
.Charlie Thomas called on me to see what
I was tlie matter. W e talked the whole affair
| over in all its hearings, and he tried to get
me to abandon my purpose! I declined.
I found out from him what had been done
by the officer of my company in regard to
spreading this thing. I thought the people
would one day be better informed on the
subject and I would simply leave and say
1 nothing to any of them about it.
I could never leave without seeing the
young lady tor I was deeply in love with
| her, and I wanted to know how she felt to
wards me. I found her extremely glad to
i see me, but the balance of her family would
scarcely sprak tome. I told her that I was
honorably discharged from the army, and
showed her my papers, and then exacted a
promise from her .that she would tell no one
the contents of those papers until it became
j generally know n.
i We conversed a long time about the past
i and the fTiture. I went to see her for the
purpose of addressing her, but that proud
I independence of mine kept me from it alter I
j learned that her family entertained the feel
i ings for me that they did. I finally rose to
i go and thus took my leave of one for whom
i I could have died; and yet I did not know
what she thought of me. “Miss Fannie, I
am now ready to leave you. I have not told
you wliat 1 intended when 1 called this
evening. It is enough for me to leave
branded as a traitor and a deserter. I feel
oppressed at the thought of leaving my
native land, though I care nothing for the
opinion of any person who believes that I
am guilty ofthese charges w ithout giving me
a hearing. Should 1 live, you will hear of
me again, and should I ever return to Geor
gia, you w ill be the cause of it.” She made
no reply. 1 took her hand to say farewell
and I was soon gone.
[ To be continued. 1
At the commencement exercises of
the University of Georgia last week,
General Toombs, after excusing him
self from taking an irregular course,
in leading the young men through the
beautiful fields of science, art, and lit
erature, said: *
“1 therefore invite you to an examination
of the inti lienee of government upon the
happiness of mankind. The subject neces
sarily leads ns to inquire briefly into the or
igin, proper functions and just powers of
government. It is difficult to understand
this inquiry'. Algernon Sydney, one of the
truest, wisest and best friends of human lib-
was not far from the truth when lie
declared that no other earthly subject was
worthy of the human intellect except the
well government of mankind. He saw
bound up in it all the securities for every
earthly blessing. Enlightened and impar
tial men never differed much about the pur
poses for which governments were institu
ted among men. The advocates of both the
purest and most despotic governments have
generally held they wore instituted for the
benefit of the governed. The great contest
lias been about their origin and powers—
the school of absolutism contended that
Kings ruled by divine right and were clothed
by God with absolute power, and for the
proper exercise of which they were respon
sible to him alone. As neither reason nor
revelation sustained such dogmas, this school
soon abandoned all other arguments for the
sword. The great intellects of the world
conceding the origin and purposes of gov
ernment, have differed as to the best organi
zation for the accomplishment of these pur
poses. Upon these points were mainly ex
hausted the wisdom, the learning, the elo
quence of Aristotl#, Cicero, Locke, Bolling
broke, Milton, Sidney, Rosseau, Jefferson,
Calhoun, and all the great bright-fights ivho
have ventured upon this great argument. —
Governments have their origins simply in
the necessities of mankind. It is constant
ly improvised on our distant frontiers, in
the absence of regular governments, exact
ly' for the same reasons and for the same pur
poses that the first government was organ
ized—men bound themselves together for
protection. The first government of Cali
fornia was the most memorable in history of
what has been called the social contract. In
.the conflicts between the North and the
South, the Federal Government, upon whom
devolved the duty of temporary govern
ment, was unable to establish any govern
ment at all over those people. They had
natural rights to be protected, duties to be
enforced among one another; they needed
the administration of justice, the punish
ment of criminals against natural law, the
enforcement of contracts founded in natural
justice. They said let there be government
and there was government, created by them
selves for their own benefit, and it perform
ed till of its functions until displaced by an
other of their choice. The strolling miners,
remove from the scat of power, constantly
enact temporary governments for themselves
upon the same principles and for the same
purposes; protection of natural rights, en
forcement of natural duties. God never
made any government if we may except the
Jewish theocracy; gave them no rights, and
they had none; they have powers. Powers
conferred upon them by men, to govern for
the benefit of the governed. Another wide
spread fallacy which has received the sanc
tion of a great name, is that men coming
into society had to surrender some indefi
nite and unascertained number of their nat
ural rights in order to rely on the remain
der.
There is no such want of harmony', no
such discord in any of the works of Nature
or the gilts of God. Every man’s natural
rights are and must forever be in perfect
harmony without conflicts with any other
man’s natural rights. What becomes of
these rights? They are inalienable, inde
structible; we have these; government lias
rightfully none of them. Where are they ?
It is but the tyrant’s plea for their usurpa
tion. The first duty of Government is to
protect all these rights from all dangers,
from within and from without, equally from
irregular violence and the grasp of usurpa
tion. For their own benefit, lor the protec
tion ot those rights, and enforcement of
these duties society clothes rulers, of Gov
ernment with great powers—grants them
derivative |H>wers, derived solely from the
grantees, and to be used for the benefit of
the whole society. Who ought to exercise
these powers? Certainly not the wrong do
ers. Certainly not those whose crimes of
commission and omission made society a ne
cessity. Participation in tiie exercise of
these powers conferred by society upon so
ciety is not a natural right—it is only a con
ventional privilege conferred or withheld,
from any indi\ idual or class, in the sound
discretion of each sovereign State in itself.
It should he conferred uj*on all who, in the
judgement *of the society, are fit to use it
w isely and well, and upui no others. Here
lies the germ ot the greatest political error
that has ever atllicted and ruined tree States,
and especially our ow n. I have no occasion
to controvert the proposition that all men
w ere created equal, and endowed by their
( rcator with the same inalienable rights.—
l>ut Aat ure creates no governments. Here
is man lelt lord ot himself. She has not de
fined who shall exercise the jKiwers confer
red upon it. She neither conferred these
powers upon kings or people, or rulers by
any other name, but left the people, who
constitute society, to decide for themselves
who shall exercise any or all of the powers
which they have delegated for the protec
tion of natural rights, and enforcement of
natural duties, and the advancement of their
own happiness. The decision must rest
somewhere, and it rests safely now here, ex
cept in the hands of the people. It ought
not be used capriciously, it must be used
w isely and justly at the peril of the conse
quences of wrong doing, and the natural
right of the excluded to combine and resist
the wrong. It is singular that there ever
should have been a controversy about so
self-evident a truth in government. It has
received the sanction of approval of all gov
ernments in every stage of human progress.
The organic law of all people settled this
question for itself. Those who admitted the
divine right of kings to govern absolutely
conceded them the power to admit or ex
clude any of their subjects from such par
ticipation at pleasure. In mixed monarch
ies the question was, in eases, determined
by the^ same organic law. In Kepublics,
like our original form of government, it was
determined in the same way. Before the
late revolution in our form of government,
each Stale admitted and excluded persons
from the right of suffrage according to its
own w ill. The Hght of nature taught all
men that life, liberty and the pursuit of hap
piness were gifts of nature to all her chil
dren, but the earlier civilizations, especially
those of Greece and Rome, w hile fully con
ceding them, claimed a larger power over
them for the use of the Slate that was con
sistent with good government or of private
happiness. With them individual rights
were merged in public duties; with them
the individual was nothing, he w'as made
for the State; society was all in all; the man
was only the instrument to be used for the
liberty, glory aud power of the State.—
Northern Europe began very early to an
tagonize this principle. They conceived
the idea that government was tlie instru
ment for their own protection. This bond
of government seems to have been conceiv
ed by them with singular accuracy as early
as the time of Alfred. The men of ltunny
mede gave form and consistency to individ
ual rights, w hich for certainty, for compre
hensiveness and power, lias never been
i equaled. The Earl of Chatham said “that
the 20th section, although very bad Lalin,
! was worth all the classics,” w hen it declared
! Unit no freeman should*bc arrested or im
prisoned, or outlawed, or exiled, or deprived
of Ids liberties or bis franchises, nor that
i tlie King should pass upon him oppressive
ly or injure him in any other way except
by the judgement of his peers and the law
of the land; and that the King should look
to none, deny to none, delay to none, right
or justice. The rest was a matter of organ
: ization. Here is w here human happiness
has been crushed. Power is always stealing
from the many to the lew. Human misery
lias not, from the fact that men did not
know their rights, but that they did not
know how- to maintain them. (Loud ap*-
plause.)
Between anarchy- and despotism, anarchy
is to be preferred. It is short-lived, weak,
and easily over thrown; both are enemies to
public and private happiness, for neither af
fords protection to natural rights or enforces
natural duties, and therefore both are des
tructive to public and private happiness,
The war of the human race was first against
anarchy with government, and has ever
since been engaged in trying to restrain this
mighty- engine ot human weal or woe. The
evils resulting from the long w ars commenc
ing with the reign of the brave, brutal and
intellectual Plantaganet, and culminating in
the base, false, besotted and stern acts with
in forty years were accurately represented
by- the speaker. At the close, Magna Charta
was reaffirmed, defined and enlarged by the
Bill of Rights, by anew distribution of
powers. The people established a govern
ment in which the King reigns and the i>eo
ple govern—an Executive responsible to the
public, a Judiear independent of the Crow n,
a true Parliament deriving its powers from
a free people—and under which a greater
amount of security to the natural rights of
man ; a greater amount of private happiness
and public security Ims been enjoyed than
in any other government that was establish
ed by- man up to that period in human history.
These were great results, but much yet re
mains to be done ; nothing is extolled from
rulers but by fear; protection of acknowledge
ed rights under this system is about as per
fect as could be obtained under the times
and circumstances, but this government is
lamentably deficient in its duty to its toiling
millions. But the example of England, the
history of this great struggle for human
rights from the 13tli to the 17th century-, is
full of hope and consolation and encourage
ment to the human race. The nations, from
the history- of an older civilization, began to
doubt w hether freedom’s battle once lost,
but was not lost forever. The extinction of
all personal right and public liberty and hap
pin< ss in Asia and eastern Europe was com
plete with the tall of the Roman Empire.
This was simply the result of that system
under which the ruler was the State, the
sovereign was the institution, all the rest
w ere slaves. All the pow er of the govern
ment being vested in the sovereign, his will
was the only law; public and private hap
piness depended on the w ill of the sovereign.
Desjiotisin was only tempered by assasina
tion. The constitution could only be chang
ed by the death or deposition of the ruler.
The rights of man, private happiness and
..public progress were extinguished; the rights
of man no where respected; thick darkness
covered the land; every sun set ui>on a change
[COXTIXI’ED OX FOURTH PAGE.]
NO. 37.