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(JLISBY, REID & REESE, Proprietors. A.ISTD G-EORgiA JOF RZNT.AL <Sr JMEBBElSTGrEH. ESTABLISHED 1826. JXT OTES ON THE <*+ Railway Situation in Georgia, NUMBER II. Editors TAtgrapk and Messenger : In my gist nnwbcr on tho Railway Situation in Geor- j. somo account was given from authentic Joirccs of tho origin and objects of thq railroad gjes first chartered by tho State of Georgia, md especially of those lines which wore de- pesed to bo links in tbo groat chain of internal igproTOuents which should connect the South gjluitia Suites with those of tho Norlhwost. It pastited that the public mind was much occu- ^3 from 1833 to 1840 with tho subject of rail. ,^1*, canals and turnpikes, and that the prob- !«n presented for solution related to the most feasible and practicable plan and route for opening np communications between tho South gjlBjtic and tho Northwest, and between tho Snath Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. It was d)0*n thr.t the most popular solution of the jrtblem, so far as related to the connection with tbs Northwest, was the proposed railroad from Charleston to Cincinnati, and that tho great railway conventions which assembled sneccss- j K ]y j n Knoxville end Macon in 1836, were ctllcd with reference to that immense under- tsKng. Our own State Railroad, now stretch ing from Atlanta to Chattanooga, as was shown, ji tbe offspring of tho Macon Convention, which ns ono of the ablest bodies that has ever as- Lgbled in Georgia. After adopting resoln- Ljoes recommending the Legislature to provide for tho building of that road at tho public cx- Unse, tho Convention appointed an influential committee, with the lamented Judgo Berrien at head, to bring tbe action of the Convention [utho notice of tho Legislature then in session, laito invoke its favorable consideration of tho ». As has already been shown, the Legis- [itnrc proceeded immediately to pass an act to Isnstmct what is known as the Western and tie, or State Railroad, as I shall hereafter ito it, and this action of the Legislature, |rith the enterprise and foresight displayed by ier people, finally led to tho abandonment of Charleston and Cincinnati connection, and tia adoption of the routes from Savannah and ■leston to AtlantA, and thence through Chat- and Nashville to tho Ohio and Missis- !*»>• Ibis route, as well as onr State Railroad, en- Inmtcrcd no little opposition, both within and liithout tho State. A very strong influence was Iteooght to bear against it from Sooth Carolina, I u well as from the eastern counties in this State |cdthe counties lying contiguous to Darien. ) Angusta interest looked to an extension of Itbe Georgia Railroad through Athens to the llnmessee river, and its connection with the lChuIcston and Cincinnati Road, at or near lEccirillc. That was the main idea-of (he pro- Ipitton cf that great road, and hence the road ■pointed originally to Athens. Indeed, so strong ly had thU idea possessed the minds of itsfriends |til the people at large, that tho principal offi- sof the Georgia Railroad Company were, by > act of the Legislature, located at Athens, and (elections and meetings of tho stockholders [were requited to !>e held at tbo same place ; s the Legislature itself committed the error, tin act passed in 1834, of designating it as “the as Riilroad Company.” The success of s M*coti Convention,'however, led to a chan go troute, and eventually to tho extension of tho gia Railroad in the direction of Atlanta. | Ihe opposition to the State Road from Da- i sad tbe adjacent country was led by the arable Thomas Spaulding, and arose from n “«to make Darien and the Altamaha river, ad of Savannah and tho Savannah river, ibase of the internal improvement systom of wgia. The people in that part of the State loot look with any great degree of favor at atesrly day upon iron railroads as a means of " iportution. and their favorite plan was to ect the Altamaha and its tributaries, tho ice r.ad Ociualgeo, by a system of canals si tie Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, and •Asps ultimately with tho Alabama and Ten- i rivers also. This system, it was believed, bo supplemented, when necessary, by sn railroads or turnpikes, cs the physical Bares of tbe country to be penetrated might p>». Even tho people of tho Cherokee Saties opposed the location of tho State Road pond Dalton, then known as Cross Plains. 7contended that it was no part of the bnsi- 8 ®> Df orgia to bnild a railroad to enable the fcpje of Tennessee and Kentucky to send their ^-Oio to market, even if that market should 'Georgia, and especially when tho produso **brought into the State would come in ruin- tcompuition with their own wheat and com .“bacon. Blithe system of railways connecting the “BM of the South Atlantic with the Tennessee, t Ohio and the Mississippi, was finally settled ct opposition, local and foreign. It .opon Savannah and Charleston as its »c bases, and embraced tbe States of 1 Georgia, Alabamn, Tennessee, ocky, Ohio. Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. ® roads from Savannah and Macon, and from Heston nn d Augusta to Atlanta, and the uii a £ om to Chattanooga con- »*a Ihe links in the great line of intcrcoin- iWioa bctrMii the Atlantic and the teom- |Aonhwest,sofar as Georgia was concerned. its great canal and tho lakes, and r*»?eiphia by its canals and roada proceeded L"~? ,a teaching the same destination, but "■anti and Charleston were not far behind notwithstanding the Allegfaaniea inter- p , “'tween them and the promised land. I r l ? 'urn now and see what waa the raO- ? ^stern finally adopted in Georgia for con- tho South Atlantio with the Gulf of tit v® *, er8 °P eD * B g up communications »ne Northwest, Alabama wan nrmkiiMi'tiT CT; ,0 ‘ he Atlantic, and had alreadv chartered Montgomery and West Point Railroad—the J.V**:y chartered or built in that State. “ , "cforo, Angusta reached Atlanta, and 11 Fvr r ®f c h ci \ Macon, they naturally looked U, 5? e . c ,0 ? wiUl bb© Montgomery and West nVMuroad, and through that road and the I*™* itiver t° a connection with tho Gnlf 1 , Savannah and Macon took tho lead • Oort to reach tho Gnlf, and as early as wia ® charter from the Legislature atiii * i (designated in the act as the l 0 “*®*°*^) from Maeonto Colum- ,J - hn charter for K - -Grange R.iilro-;<l came after. mil. . de “8 n rival routes was JtRLa 080 lho Montgomery and Wost Vtii»*ii*, as 8 common trunk road for reach- bam * and the Gulf: just as hton/J 190 . tho Stato Road, when finished, trunk for connecting with the and the Northwr st. Piti te?_?? for . tho (tonthwestc-m Railroad \ : - f 'ilf Railroad, all pointing to I-;, j ' — '* r ‘['d the lowtr Mississippi, oiLr - order in which thoynro named. ■ • rs were granted at differrut ■^lg^ on 6 them a charter was granted to T. rfoad. ^ or l h° gTeat Western PaWe T^ con to 1110 J cnc tion of the to bo continued,. if k a, to Brunswick. This was in i"to 1S27 an not was passed grant- [ •: .. nnd bis associates kll »iril^.Rrilroad of ir-tnl or ■n?“1 from the Ocmnlgeo to the Flint River.” In 1835 an act was passed to incorpor ate tho Brunswick and Florida Railroad Com- "* Paped in 1836 to incorporate the St. Mary’s and Columbus Railroad dompn- ny. Charters were also granted to bnild rail- roads from Forsyth to West Point, from Savan nah to Albany, and from Millen to Augusta. Tho charters for tho Savannah and Albany road nnd for tho Brunswick and Florida road fell through, and tho roads contemplated by thorn were never bnilt. Tho Atlantic nnd Gulf Rail road was finally agreed upon, instead of the roads last mentioned, as it was believed it would fully meet tho wants of Southern Georgia and Northern Florida, and open up a short and di rect line from tho Atlantio to tho Gnlf of Mex ico. All other routes for crossing tho Statcsreach- ing the Chattahoochee and the Gnlf, were by common consent abandoned, and both the Leg islature and the people finally settled down up on the Atlanta and LaGrange, the Muscogee, tho Southwestern, and tho Atlantic and Gulf railroads, as meeting all their just wants. Such was the railway system devised for ns by our predecessors, and such it continued to be np to 1865. For reaching the Tenncsseo and the Northwest, wo had the Central, the Macon and Western, the Georgia and the State railroads. For reaching the Chattahoochee, the Gulf of Mexico, and tbo Lower Mississippi, wo had the Central, tbe Georgia, the Atlanta and La- Grange, the Southwestern, and tho Atlantic and Gulf railroads. These roads transacted all tho business required of them up to 1865, and with a proper development of tho system, it was be lieved that they could be made to perform all the work that would bo required of them in tho f utnre. In other words, it was believed by tho authors nnd frienfls of tho railway system as it existed up to tho closo of the war, that it was equal to the just wants and necessities of the people, and that as tho country increased in population nnd wonlth, tho system was so well devised that it could be extended nnd developed pari paint, with tho growth and increasing needs of the peoplo. If additional railroad fa cilities should at any time bo required, either for moving freight or transporting passengers, it would not be necessary, in the opinions of the advocates of the old system, to depart from or disturb it; its judicious development and ex tension was all that could be needed to meet every reasonable want. Bnt more upon this and other points con nected therewith, in my next article ; this is al ready long enough. Histoeiccs. Klorc Failures in Ncxv York* New Yoke, December 18.—Tho following additional failures are announced: Benton, Wills & Co., dealers in worsted goods; W. B. Sweezey, builder, of Brooklyn; E. T. Petral, flour and meal dealer; Ward Wheeler, dealer in pickles and preserves; Frederick Wiltzio, coal merchant. The failure of two cattle deal ers, whose names are not mentioned in Hudson city, is also mentioned. Tho following firms have made assignments: A. Cohen & Son, dry goods; Dickson & Son, soda water manu facturers. The following failures aro reported since yes terday : J. F. <fc H. Lunch, liquor dealers—their West street property was taken possession of by tho Sheriff for tho benefit of their creditors; Mr. Desatnisligan, vinegrowers’ association; Broadway Dry Doek Rolling Mills, East Tenth street, suspended and made nn assignment; Phillips & Hoff, produce dealers, West street; Mathews & Bonner, produce dealers, Washing ton street; Robt-rt Atkins, provision dealer, West street; H. E. Legrain, dry goods, Broad way, has effected a compromise with his credit ors on a basis of paying fifty cents on tbo dollar in three months. To Printers. We have been using for several weeks a very fino quality of ink, from tho Gray’s Ferry man ufactory of C. E. Robinson, which our press men say is the best for cylinder press news- work they have used for a long time. It is a clear black, and free from all kinds of sedi ment. Mr. Robinson is a practical ink manu facturer, liberal and conrtcons in all business transactions, and as be bas recently had tho misfortune to be burned out, wo are the more free to recommend his ink and himself to tho patronage of all printers who desiro a good ar ticle at very cheap rates.—Delaware Gazette. Ono of onr coUmporaries also recommends it as follows: Fixe Feinting Ink.—We have for some time been using the news ink niannfactnred at the Gray’s Ferry Printing Ink Works, Philadelphia, by C. E. ROBINSON, and, as stated some weeks ago, have found it better adapted to onr presses than any ink we have bad in onr office for ten years. It is not only a very excellent article of ink, but it is famished at very rea sonable prices. The Works also manufacture Black and Colored Printing nnd Lithographio Inks, Varnishes, &c. Their address is Gray's Ferry road nnd Thirty-third street. [Ilagerttoicn (Maryland) Herald. Wo never recommend an article in these col umns unless it really merits it, and to learn whether onr own opinion of the ink tho Tax Payer is now using coincided with our press man’s, we inquired his estimate. He replied, “Good, very good; and as wo never know him to deviate from the tmtb, we inform our fel low-printers this was said of ROBINSON’S Philadelphia Printing Ink. [lax Payer, New York. Fine Peiktixg Ink.— We take pleasure in calling tho attention of printers to the adver tisement of Mr. O. E. KobinsoD, Ink Manufac turer, Philadelphia. The Morning News is printed with ink from his manufactory. It is clean, well ground and of good color, and is sold at a very reasonable price. In fact it is the best ink for the prico that we have ever used, and wo cordially add our endorsement to those in tho advertisement.—Savannah News. Piunttso Ink.—Our paper is now printed with ink mannfaclnred at Gray’s Ferry Printing Ink Works, Philadelphia, Pa., C. E. Robinson, proprietor. This ink cost one-third less than that we havo previously used, and is equally as good. Wo aro glad to know that at least ono manufacturer in the United States is prepared to furnish tho press with a good article of print ing inkjat a reasonable prico. Wo commend Mr. Robinson's works to our brethren of the press, and call attention to notices of tho press in our advertising columns.—Petersburg Index. Wheat.—Statistics show that Alabama, says the Montgomery Advertiser, is the fifth State in the Union in tho matter of producing wheat. _A few years ago she was not even mentioned in this connection. Vaemaseda, it is reported^ has written to Havana that he must have reinforcements or he will resign. The Cabans are paid to be in good condition and receiving reinforcements. The Spanish forces are reported sick and in active. Even So.—Wo hear some talk of Georgians leaving their Stale. If a man cannot live in Georgia, he has curious notions of what consti tutes a chance for living in any other Southern State. Moving.—Tho exodus of negroes from Vir ginia continues. Many thousands have loft that State and many more are preparing to abandon it. Of course, the black stream moves^ Southward. State Banks.—In his recent decision, Chief Jastico Chase sounded the death knell of Stalo banks. Congress can tax them to death when ever it pleases. Fieij>3, the Williamsport murderer, took a dose of vinegar and molasses to cure a sore throat half an hour before ho was hanged. At a Now England County Fair the receipts wero so much below the expenses that only sixty cents on the dollar will bo paid on tho premiums. Death: or Mn. Joei, Ccruy.—Mr. Joel Curry, one of the b&t and most highly esteemed citizens of this county, we regret to have to an nounce, died at iris residence on Saturday, the 11th instant, of appopiexy, aged sixty-three years.—Bainbridges Argu, 181 A. MACON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1869. YOL. LXIY.-tfO. 23 . THE LATE FAIR. Impressions thcrcof-Rcflcctions nnd Sag. B«s!Ioks Upon mid Abont It. i Editors Telegraph and Messenger : — You asked mo to givo you my impressions of the i kte Fair, and I did so in epitome amid the whirl and excitement of its closing soenes. Now t ^rith calm reflection, permit me to review it, and throw out a few suggestions that may, or may not, produce good results. Should my nr- , tide be a little long, let the importance and growing interest of the theme plead my apology, i We failed in its organization. How and what | of it? In his address at the first Fair held by ; the Putnam County Agricultural Society, ono of Georgia’s proscribed pots, Hon. Herschel V. ’ Johnson, suggested tho reorganization of tho Stato Agricultural Society and its permanent lo- cation at Macon. The project was taken np at : Macon, information sought and collected by cor respondence, and all needful steps taken to in augurate such an institution as would be credit able tothe State. Wowboweroactiveinthemovo- ment supposed the old Agricultural Society of the State to be dead. Some of us who had been offi cially connected with it ante leUum, believed thoro were defects inherent in tho old organiza tion which should be corrected in the new. The : result of our deliberations and correspondence , was to organize a joint stock company, ask a ' Charter from the Legislature and place it under i the patronage of tho State. The model Agri cultural Society of St. Louis, chartered by the State of Missouri, was adopted as our model. A Charter, Constitution and By-Laws wero pre pared similiar to onr original, and all things got into readiness for organization. Tho old Agri- : cultural Society of Georgia then came forth in , its grave clothes, and claimed “wo are the State i Agricultural Society,” “we have a Charter, and j there is nn appropriation of $2,500 stand- ' iug at our credit in tho acts of the Legislature.” Too much wedded to the causo to make a fight we yielded, bnt sought by electing that eminent agriculturist, David Dickson, President, to make a transfusion of new and younger blood, 1 into the veins of the venerable Association.— Dickson declined the honor in an evil hour, the Executive Committee wa3 increased from thir teen to thirty-one,and wo had a foil and complete restoration. And now in looking upon our un- wieldly Executive Committee, and tho late mam moth Fair, wo may exclaim as did a Treasury watch dog in opposing Peter Trezevant’s claim in tho Georgia Legislature, “Mr. speaker this is a just claim—but, my God, so oldand so big.” We are too old, most of us, and our late Fair too big for us. Lot Colonel Yancey, who is fully ade quate to the position he holds, with the aid of an earnest, active, practical Executive Com mittee, select its members with his usual dis crimination. And let Colonel Lewis, who la bored most faithfully in behalf of tho late Fair, and whoso zeal in tho cause is red hot, hunt out an assistant Secretary who has had experi ence in the management of Fairs, and possesses a high order of Executive talents. And then let Georgia toko the concern under its patronizing wing, and it will not be many years before she may inscribe upon her escutcheon “Decus et Tutamen.” And then reverting to our original purposes, lot an incorporate company, chartered by the Legislature, be permanently located at Macon, whilst tho other migrates. We then ean test both the permanent, nnd tho migratory plan—tho voluntary, and tho interested princi ple—run the two machines in competition and lubricate the wheels of one with patriotism and the other with money. My wager is up, that capi tal beats patriotism in the race, but bravo for both, and success will crown both like a diadem, if well managed. The late Fair was a success and a failure. The candid observer is forced to tho conclusion that onr late Fair was both n success and a failure. In projecting its plan of operations it was got ten np on a large and comprehensive scale; but then we failed to manipulate and organize its details into symmetry and order. We brought a large show of articles in many departments, but they were slowly and tardily put into posi tion, some imperfectly seenand others not even opened or exposed to view. Our premium list w"as well cast for beginners, and yet experience disclosed defects which experts would havo pro vided against. Our arrangements with the Rail road Companies wero considered liberal, and yet worked badly, and produced delay and con fusion. In some of the departments the exhi bition was noble and gave Georgians just pride ns well as onr visitors and guests from other States. In other departments the show was poor and humiliating. Take for instance two of tbe most important—manufactures and corn —the first was thero in youthful vigor, its fab rics givihg promise of Southern independence in the Union fif wo over got there) and of great enhancement in tho value of our staples. The other was present only in humility, bowing down its head and singing a mournful dirge, the chorus of which was: “I’m the staff of life,plant more of me.” Thero was ono thing and only one encouraging about corn, and that was the 1st premium which was given to 137J bushels raised on on acre, tbe result of fertilizers and irriga tion. Irrigation, which clothes the plains of Germany and the vallies of Piedmont with charming verdure. Irrigation! which covers Belgium and Italy with prolifio crops. Irriga tion! ! another bow of promise hung out upon our firmament, forever bidding defianco to drought, and confirming our faith in the mercy of Divine Providence, that if the rains aro with held ho has provided fountains, rills and rivers, to fecundate onr land and fill our granaries so that if giant famino over fleshes his remorseless fangs in onr population tho fault is our own, and tho infliction self-imposed. Tho Fair was a success after all, and markedly ; so in ono bright particular. After all, the Fair was a success, in tho great end sought to be ac complished, viz: to arouse a spirit of improve ment in agriculture and tho arts, that givo com fort, wealth and independence to a people. The ! teeming thousands in attendance; the close at tention: the excellent order; the chivalrous bearing, and above all the anxiety to learn, which characterized tho crowd, proclaimed in clarion tones onr gratifying snccess. And then the women; Oh I Spirit of Beauty, what a feast j was there spread for tho admiring eyes of thy : devotees— » “All that painting can express, Or youthful poets fancy when they love.” These beautiful women were not there in squad3 or pairs, bnt literally almost in universality. Was it reality ? Were these hosts of loveij beings spiritual manifestations, or indeed flesl ' and blood, refined in onr pure Southern air and ' graceful under our still purer Southern culture? Or was it an optical delusion ? Or was it “One of thoso passing rainbow dreams, Half light, half shado, which fancy’s beam3 Paint on tno fleeting mists that roll In tranco or slnmber, round the soul ?" Said one of our Northern guests to me, “How do your women grow so beantifnl, so graceful, so winning in their manners." The writer re plied, “climate and family do much—but we edneato them, and whilst wo cultivate thoir in tellects wo cultivate their affections; nnd wo learn them to become Qneons of Society—but their coronets aro most lustrous and lovely in tho charmed circle of home.” “Sir, said he, “I accept the solution. ” So mnch for tho Fair, now as to the duty of the Stato. Fairs are the exponents of a coun try’s civilization. In the polished States of Ger many, they are rallying points for towns anj districts. In England, where agriculture has reached its highest type of development, they are gala occasions,and the tuneful paeans of their peaceful triumphs fill the oars of the noble gen try of “tho Sea girt Isle” with bnt little Icbs rnpturo than tho thunders of Trafalgar and Wa terloo. In the Northern nnd Western States of tho American Union, they aro the only last re- foge that is left sacred to virtue, brotherhood and charity—all other organizations having become oxydized by the vims of sectional hate —oven the Church. Now, nnder onr new dis- pension, bequeathed to ns by tho war—in which abor plays a free role, and capital has to grapj pie with fresh problems, the Stato should be the patrons of fairs, with an open-handed liberal tv. They aro nnraing seminaries to onr people, in, red. 1 which new lessons can be learned, new adapta-^'-'*** tions comprehended, and new agencies hitched on to our car of progress. Is onr labor inade quate ? Then they will teach us how to snpple- rnent it with machinery. Are onr water-powers still singing the anthem of their creation ? They will put a new song in their month—the ringing, merry song of the loom, the spindle and anvil. Aro onr rich ore-beds and immemorial quarries reposing in tho undistnrbed quiet of ages ? They will teach ns how to tonch them as with Ithn- riel’s spear and bring forth their shining treas ures and massive deposits, as adjuncts and vo tive offerings to" Art, to Science and to Com merce. Finally, let Georgia endow an agricultural school in connection with her agricultural so- ciety, or her Stato University. A bold propo sition verily; I fear far ahead of tho times; bnt why not ?_ Why not take a number of our mer itorious, indigent young men, give them a gen eral education, practical in its character, bnt especially fitted to make them useful in the noble pursuits of agriculture and the mechanic arts. Oh, bnt it is book farming, and away with it. This is the language of ignorance. Who can bnild ships or guide them across the trackless paths of ocean without books and book-learning ? Who can survey lands, or con struct railroads, or govern States, ’ or even fam ilies, without the .aid of rules and principles learnt no where else except in books. Answer me, simpletons, and worse still, ye poor des picable wretches called demagogues. Now wo don’t fancy Massachusetts’ politics, and yet in State craft she is wise. Her State agricultural school is a nursery of jewels, turning ont an nually young athletao in all the fields of indus trial life. And these young men not only ener gise all Massachusetts’ enterprises, but they emigrate to the West and scatter the light of their example and intelligence all over its broad prairies, even to far off Idaho and Colorado. Bnt for above Massachusetts, see how grand a work the French Government performs in. patronizing nnd lavishing money on the School and Model Farm, over which Mde. Veille, the champion agriculturist of tho world, presides. Thousands of agriculturists flock from all parts of Franco to listen to his lectures, and es pecially to witness his expositions during har vest. And here it is, this great master of soils and culture has demonstrated, by actual experi ments, against the long received theory of tho rotation of crops, that the snmo crop may be planted successfully, and with increased yield year after year on tho same soil, provided it is fed with food especially suited to that crop. Oh! for the statesmanship of Louis Napoleon; and oh! for such n school in Georgia. And now, Messrs. Editors, as Mirabean said of his head, your paper is “a power among States.” I pray you bend yonr energies to this only true and mneb needed work of reconstruc tion. Let yonr politics be the policy of making Georgia great and beautiful in her material and moral developements. Lift her up high above the mire of party politics, and let her head tower in the empyreum of a true Christi anity, a just and wise jurisprudence, and of a comfort and prosperity assuring Agriculture. And then may each one of yon, and each and every one of her people point to Georgia and break forth in the beautifnl Canticle of Ezekiel, “then washed I thee with water—yea, I thor oughly washed away thy blood from thee, nnd I anointed thee with oil. I clothed thee also with broidered work, and I shod theo with badger’s skin, and I girded thee abont with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk. I decked thee with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy bands, and a chain on thy neck, and I put a jewel on thy forehead and earrings in thine ears, and a beantifnl crown on thine head. Thus wost thou decked with gold and silver, and thy raiment was of fine linen, and silk and broidered work; thou did$t eat fine flour, nnd honey and oil, and thou wast exceedingly beau tiful, and thon didst prosper into a kingdom.” In tho golden fuith of snch fruition, Yonr Friend, James A. Nisbet. Weekly Resume of Foreign Affairs. PEETAEED FOR THE TELEGRAM AND MESSENGER. Great Britain.—-There were three sittings of the Cali net, held in the course of one week. The present critical state of afialr3 in Ireland, and the general situation of the Island, was the subject of her Majesty’s ministers’deliberations. They came to the resolution to declare the county of Tipperary, in the province of Mun ster, as well as several parts of the county of Londonderry, in Ulster, to be in a state of in surrection. Five thousand regular soldiers arc to be sent to Ireland immediately, thus increasing the military forces in that country to 30,000 men. ^i'hesc are for the present deemed sufficient l&zUifct any emergency. After the re-assembling of Parliament a gov ernmental bill will be introduced, empowering the Cabinet to suspend the act of Habeas corpus in Ireland, without waiting for*a special act of Parliament, whenever public safety renders this measure necessary. The “Monarch,” with the corpse of George Peabody on board, and accompanied by the United States ship “Plymouth,” has sailed for America. The Poles living in London assembled in Cleveland Hall on the 30th of November, the anniversary of the Polish Revolution in 1831. They adopted a resolution, calling upon all Poles in exile to direct their common energies towards re-establishing the unity and independ ence of-dismembered Poland. Tho English havo bnt little confidence in the Suez Canal, and hardly apprehend any injury done to the commerce of England by tDfa new highway of travel A great many coal and iron miners from Sonth Wales aro emigrating to tho United States of America, Australia, Canada and other British colonics. Business is stagnant, and the number of emigrants often amonnts to 100 to 120 able- bodied healthy men. Tho small tradesmen aro plaining bitterly that the greater part of the miners are leaving without settling their debts. France.—The opening speech of tho Empe ror is still being discussed in tho papers. His appeal to the representatives of the people Je reponds de Vordre / Aides moi a sauver la lib• erte," os well as his declaration, Les souverains et les peuple desirent la paix, nnd the panegyric on tho progress of art and sciences havo fonnd an echo in all Europe. When tho Minister of Jastico called tho Deputy Rochefort to take tho oath of allegiance to the Emperor, a long and repeated Vtve XEmpereur broke from tho as sembly.’ Ono hundred and sixty-five deputies, under the presidency of tho Count Darn, havo adopted a resolution to support the Empire in connec tion with liberty. A large meeting, in favor of free trade, was hold in Bordeaux. The fonr deputies of the department “La Gironde" delivered speeches which wero met with strong applause. According to “La Franco” the Nile has risen to an extraordinary height this year, and tho flood swept villages, railways, telegraphio lines, crops and everything away. The total loss for Egypt is estimated at 200,000,000 of francs. North German Confederation.—Bismarck is expected to return to Berlin at about Christ mas. In tho upper Chamber of the Frnssian Land tag a proposal was accepted requesting the gov ernment to come to an understanding with tho different States of tho Zollverein for the pur pose of introducing a tobacco monopoly. The Lower Chamber is still occupied with the budgot. Dr. Yon Mnehler, the Minister of In struction and Pnblio Worship, deolared, amid lond approbation, that the government acceded to tho proposals of the House concerning the relief to bo given to tho widows and orphans of teachers in clomentary schools. Deputies Miguel and Lasker brought forward a motion requesting the government to use all their in fluence to procure, by means of federal legisla tion, tho extension of tho competence of tho North German Confederation to the whole de partment of Civil Law. The motion was car ried by 218 votes against 1IG. The project of leasing a wire ofr the subma rine cable botween England and America has been brought to a successful issue. The old cablo will pass into tho hands of tho German Company, its owners only reserving the right of using it ’when their own is injured. The -Berlin statistical Bureau, after minnte inquiries into the state of Catholicism in Prns- sia, arrives at the conclusion that Protestant ism is on the increase in all parts of the king dom. Never Leave Georgia.—The Lonisville Con- rier-Jotirnal thus compliments onr good old State and cheers her people: “It is said that a good many of the people of Georgia are emi grating to Texas, bnt they probably make a mis take. We think that, ns a general rule, Geor- ~ans nyiko a mistake in emigrating anywhere. hoy leave a State unsurpassed in its natural advantages. It is true that she suffers at pres ent the disastrous effects of radical tyranny, bnt this condition of things will soon vanish like the morning mists from her streams and tho rain drops from her flowers.” A Large but Idee Population.—New Orleans does not seem to bo in a very prosperous con dition, judging from whnt its newspapers say. Tho Bnlletin gives a most unfavorable view of the labor market, tho activity of which always lies at the bottom of all prosperity. Assuming an adolt mate population of 70,000, it is stated that thero ore 15,000 entirely Idle; tho same number only nominally employed. Only 5,000 are employed tho year through, and “tho re maining 35,000 do, on an average, only abont half tho labor and business, of which they aro capable, if they could bnt find daily employ ment” Lost Their Appetite. — The New York Tri bune says that a colored boy may bo seen any day, with a basket of odiblcs on liis arm, enter ing an office on Wall street, with his nsnal ex clamation of “ cakes, pies r.nd sandwiches”— when tho following colloquy between tho pro prietor and tbe daTkoy ensued: “ Ab, Sam, how is the pie trade to-day?” “ Well, rnassa, it ain’t so good now, since tho gold excitement.” , • “ Why, what has tho gold excitement to do withthe pie business, I should like to know ?” “ Oh, you see, sir, I used to sell a great many pies to the brokers, all along Broad street, and now it ’pears like they hadn't got no appetite. In a case of marital separation in Cincinnati, the plaintiff addressed tho Court: “Judge," said she, “I-can’t love datdar nigger: he kicked mo in de ribs once until ho loosened all my insides; and when dat occurred my affection for him vanished.” Brick Pomeroy, having made a fortnno with the La Crosse Democrat, went to New York last year and started, on the loth August, the New York Democrat. On the 11th instant, he An nounced that thenceforth his paper would bo sold at one cent per copy, two cents having been the price np to that time. Yesterday tho telegraph informed us that to-morrow tho pub lication of the Democrat is to be permanently disoonlinuoi It wa3 said that Pomeroystarted the enterprise with a cash capital of one hun dred thousand dollars. Ho will- probably quit it with no capital at alL A London correspondent of tho Chicago Jour nal thus describes Mr. Vernon Harcourt, “His- toricus“He is six feettwo inehesin height, and straight as an arrow, bnt spare in frame, not yet having reached the period when men of his stature usually expand into rotundity, His features aro bold and prominent, pleasinj without being exactly handsome; and his eye is liko that of an eagle. His handis tho smallest and whitest and most perfectly beautiful or.e thatlevcr saw attached to a.lady’s wrist, and, if I am not mistaken, he is fally conscious of his physical perfection, and if he has au evident weakness it is revealed in a tendency to its dis play.” conscientiously his spiritual functions at a time when the clergy seem bent on bringing the church into conflict with the spirit of the age. He has, consequently, laid down his office with all its emoluments, and though more than fifty years of age, botaken himself to tho new calling of a journalist. Jabno. Letter from Hon. IVin. Tomlin. Cuthbekt, Deo. 20, 1869. Editors Telegraph and Messenger: Permit me, through your columns, to express in a brief manner, my views in relation to the qnestion which is represented by two classes only, as be ing tho great and absorbing qnestion of tho day; (the eligibility of the negro to a seat in the Georgia Legislature.) Is that powerful quc-s- The Berlin Society of Modem Languages bas elected tho celebrated Leipzig, publisher, Baron Bernhard von Tauchnitz, an honorary member, in consideration of the eminent services rendered to the stndcnts of English literature on the con tinent by the publication of his collection of British authors. « The celobrated artist Yon Kanlbacb, is said to be engaged in tho composition of a picture representing onr Savior driving the speculators and self-seekers ont of tho Ecumenical Council, as he once did tho money-changers out. of the temple at Jerusalem. Great interest is, of course, excited by the snbject of the painting. Austria—The Emperor Francis Joseph open ed tho Boiohstag with a speech from tho throne. Alluding to the insurrection in Dalmatia, he fa vored tho peacefnl way of negotiations with the insurgents; he declared that the empire is en joying tho best relations with foreign powers, and announced liberal reforms In the internal affairs of tho monarchy. In Dalmatia, whero tho insurgents, hardy mountaineers, can defy a far superior number of forces, the rising is not yet pnt down. A newspaper correspondent, Herr Louis Hantnr, artist and special correspondent for a Leipzig illustrated journal, came to serious grief in that country. He was surprised while sketching the ruins of a village burned by tho Austrians the day before, by a numerous band of insurgent Bocchesi. These semi-barbarians, not content with robbing tho unfortunate man of the pen, out off his ears, and, according to Turkish cus tom, thrust them into his pockets. Herr Han tnr has returned to Vionna, and intanda to claim, an indemnity from tho Austrian Government. Also, Von Bonst, tho Austrian Chancellor, was obliged to pay his tribute to Neptune, the Ruler of tho Seas, whon, on his way to Egypt, he pasted tho Greek Archipelago. But without losing his good humor, ho had signalled to the steamer Elizabeth, carrying tho Emperor, “Cassar. morturi te Falutant.” Francis Joseph replied by signals: “ Requiescant in pace." Spain.—Thoro are fewobances for the Duke of Genoa, and Prim will ho obltgod to resign his hopo of seating a King under ago on the throne of Castile. Tbo Duchess of Genoa is much op posed to tbe plan, nnd Victor Emanuel has de clared that be will not force her to givo np her child to Spain. The Dnke of Genoa is repre sented a3 a youth of fifteen, tall and slender, and very far from being handsome. Yet he is said to be good—natnred. The now constitution for Porto Rico, not go ing so far as that of Spain, bestows the right of sutfrago only on those who are able to write and read fluently. Tho Cortes is discussing the sale of tho royal domains. Only tho royal palace in Madrid, the Escnrial, tho Aloazar of Sevilla and the Alham bra of Granada, that wonderful monument of Moorish architecture, will remain national property. Italy.—The Bishops assembled in Romo are divided into two hostile camps. The prelates who come from Germany, Hungary and Bohe mia are opposed to the dogma of Papal infalli bility. The others, on the contrary, who prin cipally belong to tho ultramontane party of Franca and Italy, with a small sprinkling of German bishops and tho whole Jesuit body; declare themselves openly in favor of the new article of bolief. Tho Pope, it is said, is a de cided adherent of the last-named party, and it now appears to bo settled that tho resolutions lo be submitted to tho Council shall be carried by acclamation. -In Austria the signs of, division among the Catholic clergy are increasing. Alois Anton, the priest of Sarmingstein, in tho diocese of Linz, I has addressed a letter to his Bishop to the ef- j feet that it is impossible for him to oontinne tioiF in the judgment of theso two parties or classes to which I alludo ? One of the parties or classes to whom I allnde is a small portion of tho pnblio press, which has been demoralized by tho pleasant press excur sion trip, tho expenses of which the tax payer would willingly pay if the pen of the bought creatures wonld be used in a direction to pro mote tho great interest of the people of Geor gia ; bnt when it is wielded in a different direc tion,by penning that which it believes and knows to benntrne—in a direction that is calcnlatcd to encourage Congress to tear np and undo that which has been done in Georgia by her General Assembly,which has brought peace and prosper ity once‘more to onr oppressed people, and a reconciliation of feeling to a great extent bo tween the two races of onr State, words aro in adequate to express tho feeling of indignation at snch a course entertained by all good and hon est people. "Who is dissatisfied with thff final settlement of this negro qnestion by the General Assembly at its first session ? Is it Congress ? Does she desiro to tear np nnd nndo that which has caused her so mnch trouble to carry into effect, (the ratification of. that infamous Constitntion and the adoption of tho Fourteenth Amendment ?) No; this is unreasonable. Tho resolutions which have been introduced by a few nltra Republicans, encouraged to do so by the tenor of that portion of tho press alluded to, aro the prime causes of tho agitation of the qnestion at all in Congress. Congress is aware that Georgia has been re stored to a place in tho Federal Union. She knows foil well that tho day, the honr; yes, the moment the Constitntion was ratified, and the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted that she was turned over to civil authorities in the form of a civil government, by Genera! Meade, who was, doubtless, clothed with authority to do so by his masters. This is a fact which requires no words to substantiate- its correctness. Hence, Congress will not, in my judgment, assume tho responsibility of a usurpation of power or legis lation unconstitutional, to the extent of attempt ing a reconstruction of Georgia, when she is ful ly aware that snch a course wonld blast every interest of both races in every section of onr Stato. Reconstruct Georgia, and that old hell which has so long reigned amongst ns, bnt at last, thank God, has about subsided, will be kin dled again, consuming that peaco and prosperi ty which has been effected by the action of the General Assembly at its first session, for both racos. Snch, in my opinion, is not the inten tion of Congress. She wifi never do it unless brought about by the inflnenco of those in onr midst. The good negroes of Georgia are satisfied with the settlement of this vexed and perplexing question. He has become fully and correctly convinced that he is not the proper one to run tbe political machine of his State. He has be come fully convinced that it is his dearest inter est to accumulate something for himself before age prohibits his physical ability from doing so— to edneate his children, bnild np churches and schools for his race. I cannot call to memory any othor dissatisfied party, except that party which I promised to alludo to, which is somo gcntlemc-n who wonld be pleased to havo his seat in tho United States Senate or Congress, even at the expense of surrendering every prin ciple of honor of tho Georgia Legislature, and every interest that is near and dear to ns as a people, by reseating tho negroes. Bnt, worso than all, these miserable creatures are trying to excuse themselves by saying that the Legisla ture referred the eligibility of its members to the courts, nnd that the courts have decided them eligible. Consequently, tho General As sembly should in good faith abide the decision of said court. No newspaper is sufficiently ig norant (nor no gentleman who ha3 ever been elected by the intelligent people of the Second Congressional District to Congress) of the pro ceedings of tho Logislatnro os to really beb’eve that it over referred tho eligibility of any one of its members to aay court; and thus parties aro fully aware of tho incorrectness of such nn as- seition. I ask theso gentlemen to point tho people of Georgia to one single case. They toll you that a resolution referring tho eligibility of negroes to office was passed at the last session of the General Assembly—which is untrue. It did adopt a joint resolution submitting to the decision of the Supreme Court the question ns to tho right of the negro to hold office in Georgia; this we admit, bnt there is not one in telligent voter in the State bnt who knows fall well that this resolution had no reference what ever to the members composing either branch of the General Assembly of the State of Geor gia ; no, not ono. The Legislature has no le gitimate right or authority to refer the eligi bility of one of its members to any tribunal, nor noither has any tribunal, except the Legisla ture itself, jurisdiction in determining the qual ifications of its members. Had the Legislature referred snch a qnestion to Joseph E. Brown, Hiram Warner and Kent McCay, they most as suredly wonld have returned it with the endorse ment alone that it was a qnestion over which they had no jurisdiction whatever. No sensible judicial tribunal would dare decide to the con trary. . The only question in which the right of the negro to hold office in Georgia referred to the Courts is, the case which was carried np through the regular channel from the city of Savannah, in which the Courts held that the African was eligible to the contested office. We admit, with regret, that this settles the right of the negro to hold office in Georgia; bntwmle we admit this fact, wo know, and theso portiaa al luded to are fally aware,that it is foreign to the members composingthe Goorgia Legislature—it has no reference whatever to it. And that ihe action of the Legislature may be properly un derstood, and that those gentlemen who have misconstrued' its action in reference to this qnestion may be viewed from a proper stand point, by those whose suffrage gavo them posi tion and whose patronage has kept them alive, I here stato that tho only resolution touching upon tho reference of tho eligibility of any member of the House of Representatives to the Courts was a resolution introduced by the Hon. Mr. Lee, of Newton, which resolution was voted down by an overwhelming majority. Therefore, the two classes mentioned are to tally inexcusable for the ultra Radical position which they have assumed. No beautiful speech es, explanations or war that they may make npon K. B. Bollock, is sufficient to the task of restoring that confidence once reposed in them* by their constituency. They are regarded as Radicals, yes, worse than Radicals, for they are now occupying the position that has been claim ed by the thorough-bred Radical party from its infancy to tho present hour. Two years ago some excuse could be offered. for gentle men occupying the position now taken Dy those whom we once esteemed and heartily sup ported; they were then to some extent excusable, as danger did then threaten our people; when we could see as it were, the points of the coercive bayonets glittcriDg. Bnt alas! when onr Stale has passed over these dangers which threatened her; when the old ship of peaco has began to glide smoothly over tho different sections of onr State; whon this is onr condition, for tho sake.of position, office, or for reasons of which tho people aro fully apprised, these characters spring np amongst ns at this late hour and pro pose to take the lead in Radicalism and Repub lican rule- - •' Radicals, object to these creatures coming fa. at this bonr.and claiming your glory. _ And ask heaven to give you words to blast their infamy. h it. M. Tumlut. The Gospel la Enoch—By the Rev llonry H. Tucker, 1>. JO. Editors Tdegraph and Messenger: I have re cently received a copy of the above book, with tho compliments of the author, and have ex amined tho contents with somo caro and mnch edification. Tho writer is, by common consent, one of the most original and powerful thinkers of the ago; the head-centre of a most flourish ing institution of learning, a representative man in tho Baptist denomination, and a Chris tian gentleman of great purity of manners and excellence of spirit. The scintillations of ge nius flash from the page3 of this attractive vol ume, like stars from the firmament, and’ afford a glance at Worlds of amazing magnitude and grandeur sweepiug through the infinite spaces beyond. The Gospel in Enoch presents three points of poculiar attractiveness and value, and to which we desiro to call the attention of the Christian pnblic. In tho first place it is a capital exposition of the theology of the old Testament. It discloses, in a brief and forcible manner, tho rich treasures of trnth and grace, which lio enshrined in the depths of ancient scripture, liko tho precious gems in the mines of' Golconda. There are these who contend that tho whole Gospel is com prised in the beantifnl teachings of Christ and the Apostles, and that consequently tho writings of Moses and tho Prophets constitute no part of the infallible rule of faith and practice for the Church. But President Tucker has hero taken two simple passages pertaining to the seventh from Adam and constructed ont of them a com- pendions system of doctrine and a divine stan dard of duty. Tho second chief excellence of this book con sists in what may be called its concreteness. Dry, frigid forms of doctrine are oonverted into a series of living and thrilling facts, and thus tho most profound and incomprehensible truths of Scripture are rendered visible and tan gible to the spirits of men. Mere objective theology is mainly concerned with the cold op erations of the intellect, and it is only when it is felt as a subjective reality that it becomes avail able for salvation. All theological trnth may be contemplated nnder three distinct aspects: 1. Absolutely, as it is in itself; 2. Relatively, as it is in its effects, and, 3. Elenchticolly, or in its contrasts with error. In tho first case, it is merely a matter of speculative thought; in the second, it is an element of life and experience, and in the third it opens np a field for endless controversy. It is this middle idea which is so skillfully nnd effectively woven into the entire toxtnre of the work under consideration. Its life-like features and its experimental power are plainly its principal charms and attractions. Thirdly. The pure orthodoxy of this admira ble treatise commends it to the mind nnd heart of all those who love the trnth as it is in Jesus. On all the great doctrines of grace, it has the nng of tho true metal, and in relation to the glorious doctrino of justification by faith, the author is as sonnd and pronounced as Pan! himself. We have been accustomed to regard this ns tho central principle in tho whole Gos pel of Jesus Christ, aronnd which all the other principles revolve os sattelites aronnd their pri mary bodies, and from which they derive their divino life and beauty. We know of no other trnth in the great system of revelation wbich is capable of reducing that system to- scientifio unity. This, wo apprehend, unifies and vital izes the entire scheme of grace. Hence, the high commendation of Calvin, touching this sublime, article: precctpuum esse sustinertdes religionis eardinem. The mind, therefore, which lias a just and cordial conception of this central principle of onr holy faith, cannot well be in serions error on any other points in re ligion. . There are a few things in the publication be fore ns which a rigid criticism would hardly foil to condemn. First, thero is an evident lack of systematic arrangement and treatment of the various topics hero presented. The twenty-nine chapters of the book seem to bo thrown togeth er without any regard to theological unity and logical order, and this tends to mar the beauty of the volume as a strictly scientifio perform ance, albeit we are not awaro that it detracts one iota from its homiletic value. Secondly, we are inclined to tho opinion that Dr. Tnckcr inter prets Scripturo rather too literally. In his long chapter headed, “Light on a Fntnro State,” he is understood to hold to a literal resurrection of tho body, that is to say, that all the earthly elements, tho limo in the bones, tho iron in the blood and the fibrin in the flesh, will all be raised np at the last day, when the analogy which St. Paul has instituted in the 15th chap ter of 1st Corinthians requires only that the liv ing and immortal principle in the material na- tnro of man shonld be waked np by the voice of tho Archangel nnd tbo trump of God. Then, lastly, thero are certain eccentricities of style and sentiment which wonld not pass muster in tho presence of severe critics. Bat these ore often the marks of a lofty genius which grows disgusted with the dead levels of thought and language, and soars away on bolder wing to ragged heights and dazzling sunshine. Wo fondly hope that this choice contribution to theological literature may soon be followed by another noble creation of tho active brain and glowing heart of the distinguished author of tho Gospel in Enoch. David Wilis. Macon, December 2\st, 1869. Tbo Production and Consumption of Cotton. The whole history of cotton culture and con sumption is contained in the following statisti cal table, which has been made up for soma English jonrnaL It shows the consumption in Europe from I860 to 1869: Yurt Average No. of Bales No. of Bales ending No. of lbe. from from ill Sept. 30. per bale. America. sources. 1809.... 355 1,432,0G) 4.503,000 1RR9.... 364 735.000 4.604,000 1847.... 071 1.548.000 4,147,000 1866.... 365 1.247,000 » 3,935,000 1865.... .not given 236,000 3.055,000 1864.... do 242,000 2,598,000 1863.... do 133,000 2,146,000 1862.... do 662,000 1,993,000 1861.... do • 3.413,000 4,388,000 I860.... 426 3,407,000 4,272,000 From this it wonld appear that the consump tion of ootton in Europe had increased in ten years two hundred and thirty-one tlmimiwl bales; this, notwithstanding the great falling off of a million and a half of bales of the American supply. This fact wonld appear to discourage the hopes of those who have looked to a stimula tion and increase of tbo production of other conntriea equal to the decline in this country. Bnt when it is remembered that the price of cotton now is three times what it was in 1860, and that for tbe ten years preceding that date the consumption doubled, it looks as if Europe was as far off as over from that independence of our production which she has so long striven to attain, and that the foreign sources of supply have not come np to the expectations of those who have expended so much money to develop and invigorate them. The new census will probably show that the population of the whole country is not far from 40,000,000. If the number of Congressmen is not increased, this will make the ratio one rm>- resentative to abont 161,000 inhabitants. By an appointment on this ratio, all the New Eng land States and many of the other old States will lose somo representatives. It is probable, however, that the new appointment will not take effect in season for tho Congressional elec tions. . . - ---- •' ; Hard to Beat.—Mr. John Boss, of Wash ington county, with two mules, made this yeas thirty-idx bales of cotton, averaging four hun dred'and fifty pounds, two hundred and fifty bushels of corn, and one hundred and flit) buehels of potatoes, with an abundanco of vege tables for his family, and in addition raised pork enough for his supply for the next year,