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cnd Messenger ^tojFaro and H oin ® VIS"""' 500 tfirn Christian Advocate with Weekly 5 00 C5L Weekly 4 00 *“r arrangement is where remittances are Juditeet to the office of publication. I Tks consolidated Telegraph and Messenger a large circnlation, pervading Mid- ? : t!ntlicrn and Southwestern Georgia and Alabama and Middle Florida. Adver ts at reasonable rates. In the Weekly dollar per square of three-quarters of *ri each publication. Remittances should uj£da by express, or by mail in money or- ^“orregistered letters. AND GEORGIA ilsT ijjggY, REID & REESE, Proprietors. ^ H E Fa SIILY Jo U RN AL. N E W S — POLITICS LlTE R ATU RE—AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC AFFAIRS. GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING ESTABLISHED 1826. MACON TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, -1870. VOL LXIY.-N07 KAlLliOADS. xelegrapli Building, -Macon and Messenger, one year $10 00 ' xiie System of France, Belgium. Prussia ‘ “ Dt hs 5 00 Austria, England a,..it the VuUikl htates. ’ iw month 1 00 ^ ■ffeekly Telegraph and Messenger, 1 5?: 5*WeeklyTeiegraphaiidM^enl ~ W j w ^ Biamt or mxra. JtaS, 1 year! 3 00 .. Jg v™ fr0tn . t I he 013 and New > for August, f* th 1 50 ! fa Prance railways were first introdneed in dwitsfa advance, and paper stopped 183G ; an( l there ara now over 9,000 miles in frjjb , t > mo nov runs out, unless renewed. operation, making an average of two and a half f b«n the mou JT | miles to every 10,000 inhabitants, or four and jjjpo Ar.rJLKeEnKrr 3 with s. w. bubke & a half miles to every 100 square miles of terri- co's publications. toiy. The average cost of the construction of '. .. MT ' A , ‘boss railroads was abont $125,000 a mile. The Telegraph .t Messenger and Farm i roads are leased to six great companies, who p’d Home • uu I operate them, and pay the State 10 per cent. fetUy Telegraph and Messenger and j upon their gross receipts. The government 400 2 00! Th ^.T" 1 St Hallways—Number or Miles in Operation—Bates Charged, ^(ItYUlttfor the Telegraph and Messenger. Aurora. -b;..i had aet her seal of silence, .jlowliness a epell o’er all had thrown, To tbo boahed, awiftiy gliding tread of truant Mfhjta, hot reluming, freighted with ambrosial sweets a the perfumed chalices of slumbering flowers tic'-cn, (tried her calm repose. '< (o’ian mnrmnrs of undulating forests, now beitlung jeeiods with the tremulous softness of love’s ini (igb— ,r(veiling strains wild and weird-like, ithelaet, despairing sobs of a breaking ko&rt, tsiog with the musical voices of many waters, (j.merry, trippling feet keep measnred time liar pishing, tinkling melody,) aroused the deeper. ——*— — ihrdly her brilliant orbs unclosed, il with the cjnsciouaneBS of .her own bright betuty, efiir young goddess blushed! Die&mily and languidly ujkm from the star gemmed couch of Night, drdli her rosy fingers gently raised e wiiins of the east. Night bowed her jew- eM head; iesidly and unnoticed tho silent watchers, isitheir mysterious fires illumirg the glittoting eoccave. .. . Ltd and retired, leaving her in solemn loneliness, : the versa of an unknown future, sferirg 'death the amber-tinted awning ! tie cloud-rreathed Orient, she bared her radiant bror, nisei in her own rosy light. tea she donned her robe of royal splendor, cihtd tha while, deopening with pleased surprise iSoi in each quivering, pendant dew-drop, er lowly image mirrored. With queenly etep she came itly veiled in warm and glowing colors, t gleams of gold and crimson blending ted a halo round her pathway, drag earth with mellowed beams, aging wide her gorgeous portals, riling streams of golden light poured forth a the day-god’s blazing shield, tuning Mature with celestial brightness, thetmsalhed fragments of shivered gems, mdnpon by moonbeams, scintillating sparks ihed downward. On they came in dazzling •towers, i gilded arrows tipped with beauty’s ray— «'«earliest sunbeams. Sunbeam. «■«.' HoihC. Emperor Jinks. is General Jinks of tho grand armee, \ntlaoI'tinpcrciir Francois; soswraecala think I’m quito passe, Bnt— I’m head of tho army, i teach the rabble “Vivo la France, hwla France, Vivo la Franco.’’ And make ’em recruit up tho army. you know, my poople must h&vo a little war 'twthen. They’redev’iiahrestless.youknow, 1*5* ‘eme blood-letting; and if I don’t lot 9 W eome Prussian blood, it’s ten to one they of mine or my son’s; and that wouldn’t k ‘d.yoa know, for ] - Geaeral Jinks of the grand armee, • {**0W 1 ought at homo to stay; laanot fight tho officers say, But—I’m head of tho army! Meter all my voltigenrs, v canasters and my chasseurs, “1 arm them all with mitraiilenrs, -Oh, ain’t it a terrible army ? )henl left homo Eugenie cried, ^,'tnie cried, O, how she cried, •ltd I rather felt, by the way elio cried, X wasn’t cut out for the army. - ' : ' :■ H the ttutli, I never coni’ gel tho hang tactics j and thenyon know—I don’t mention •J7 one—but—then—Dr. Nettleton, he sayB 'tho vciical—well, in short* that I haven’t the Jfjls demanded by a severe campaign, such as “booxpectedbyj Oineral Jinks of the grand armee, ‘know I ought at homo to stay, I cannot tight, my officers say, Cut—rm head of the army! : I’ru.-sians they came on so fast j»u compelled to leave at last, Wore they should come rushing past And gobblo me up with my army, marshals, then, they all did shout, did shout, they alt cried out. marshals then, they all did shout, Why, kick him out of the army ! Echoew Front Prentice. .. from the Courier-Journal, hist winter James Patton, Jr., of ‘j’.vnship, Pa., was mistaken for a deer .oanded; a few weeks ago, while riding on **Ct—*mm/m r grain, he was carried away by a whirl- • ;*td had an arm broken and a shonlder G , subsequently he fell into a sink- ■ shattered himself generally. We „ .^riso that young man to go into the y tisy t^sypLiT^;. !f 9 jj j<> adltcol-aurril ; of the President and his Secretary '"Rochester Chronicle says, “they t*lV nado mistakes sometimes;. but where * be found who are-nob- liable to err?” :j i--' 0;i ip lains that Grant and Fi6h are lia- . The duece of the matter is they are nothing else. -.jj-nw. 1-hot extinguisher over in Indiana, - ta n° ° D an artiele °* 0,1 rs *n which we re- ’ 'J tloiriocratio victory by means of peaoe- proposes to resist Mr. Hnmner’s 1 ‘ 10 the death.” Ah, we have heard crow ^fore. Mr. B. F. BuUer :i to.-A. Logan crowed it ini 8G0. They llr t So in,” and we “went in,” and tefiar oil t 7 J & a whar was Mr. Boiler ? On quite the reverse. '■it? l ; rQ ® tbft Chicago has but 300,000 in- - of 40 °.®>0. then 100,000 men, , , “ luldren are to be warmly concrat- t Es “.- thc 7 have never’been born. S m f'l York Tribune,” bays an exchange, <G V ' P°? Attorney General Akerman to lit R„, didtiess ain't the Trib- aided in their construction by loans of money, and by constructing the earthworks and the bridges. Tho leases under which tho companies hold possession are for a term of 93 years, after which the roads with their stock' and buildings, are to revert to the government entirely. Mean- j while, however, the mails are transported by the roads free of charge, and the 1 soldiers and officers of the government are transported at a reduced charge; while the Government fixes the rates for both passengers and freight which the roads charge to the public, and guarantees the roads from any infringement upon their business by the construction of any competing road.' Tho rates are low, but yet high enough to make the enterprise so profitable that the stock of all the French railways commands a premium in the market. From their yearly profits, the railroads are also obliged, by the conditions of their lease, to put by yearly a fund for paying back their capital to the share holders, when, tho term of the lease having run out, the roads will become the property of the Government. By this means, the capital of the shareholders being rendered secure, and paying a good dividend, the shares are, of course, steadily at a premium; and the element of stability, so entirely wanting in railway in vestments in England and this country, is given to this kind of investment. The average work ing expense of the French railways is abont 38 per cent, of their gross receipts. BAH.WAT SYSTEM OF BELGIUM. In Belgium, there are 1,250 miles of railroad, making an average of two and a half miles to every 10,000 of the population, or ten miles to every 100 square miles of territory. Those rail roads were constructed at an average cost of $91,500 a mile. They wore partly constructed by the state, and partly by companies, who were given the privilege on condition that they should absorb their capital l>y a system called 'amortization, and by which a portion of their earnings should be used,, net as dividends,bnt to repay their capital; and that, when this was done, the roads should tie the unencumbered property of the State. At firsts the railways in Belgium paid no profit, as the fore was placed very low; bnt, as this system increased the pnb- lic prosperity by offering a means of cheap circn lation, the business so increased that the lines have become very profitable, and their roceipts help largely toward paying tho expenses of the government. In 1805, M. Yaaderstichhelen, the minister of public works, in bis report to tho chamber of representatives at Brussels, said: “Since 185G, that is to say in eight years— “1. The charges on goods-have been lowered on an nverage of 28 per cent. “2. The public have dispatched 2,706,000 tons more, while they have economized more than 20,000,000 francs ($4,000,000) on the C03t of carriage. “3. The public treasury has realized 5,781,000 francs ($1,156,200) more, after having paid the cost of working, and the interest on capital.— Being in this prosperous situation, the govern ment have asked if the time has not come to tnm their attention to the second part of the problem of cheap transportation. In other words, whether it is not proper to apply to the servico of passengers the principles which have given such satisfactory results to that of goods. Tho government is of opinion that facility and cheapness of traveling are, in principle, as fruit ful of benefits to all classes of society as the economical transport of goods can be for the producers and consumers.” The chamber having agreed, the rates of fare were lowered, and the success has been better than was anticipated. The Belgian roads now retnm a larger profit than ever before, being an average of 7 per cent. The relative cheap ness of the fares is shown in the following com parison : From London to Dover, 78 miles, f first-class ticket costs £1, abont $5; a second- class, 15 shillings, $3 75; while from Ostend to Brussels, 89 miles, a first-class ticket costs 5 shillings, $1 25, and a second-class ticket, 3 shillings and four-pence, 72 cents—the rate of travel on both lines being about the same—a lit tle under -10 miles an hour. ’ HALLWAY SYSTEM OF PBUSSIA. Prussia has 3,800 miles of railroad, making an average of two miles to each 10,000 of the pop ulation, or four miles to bach 100 sqnare miles of territory. The average cost of construction was $83,700 a mile, 'ilia comparative cheap ness of their construction comes from the fact that care is taken to avoid thonpreliminary ex penses of organization. As waa said before the parliamentary royal commission upon railways, “The various expenses of one kind and another accompanying the passing of railway bills in England, before n sod was dug, would amonnt to something very nearly like the cost of the whole Prussian railway system.” Of Prussian railways, abont one-half are worked by the gov ernment, and the other by private companies, under concessions from the government npon terms similar to those in France. Th6 govern ment is also-very careful iu not allowing any line to be constructed, which shall compete with any other. The fares on all the roads are fixed by the government. The profit npon the capital invested has averaged from 5 to 8 j per cent., the higher rule being made by the private companies. BAILWAY SYSTEM OF AUSTBIA. In Austria, there are abont 3,700 miles of railroads, making an average of one mile to each 10,000 of population, or two-thirds of a mile to each one 100 square miles of territory, The average cost of their construction was$108,- 500 a mile. The financial condition of the State forced it to leave the construction of these roads to companies, bnt under the. condition that at tho end of 90 years the roads become the unencumbered property of the State. The rates of fare are fixed by the government, who have reserved the right to alter them whenever the necessity. should arise. The roads have proved profitable to the stockholders, paying an average dividend of 7 per cent. BAIL WAY SYSTEM OF ENGLAND. In England an entirely different policy was pursued, and has produced entirely different re trains for freight and passengers, which traveled more than 163,000,000 miles. It would seem tkat an amount of business liko this should be made profitable; and yet the railway system of England, is next door to bankruptcy. In fact, the statistics of 1867, as compared with those of 1866, show that the gross receipts had in creased $0,578,225, while the working expenses had increased $5,180,395, which was a higher ratio than before and oaused a decrease of their already slim dividends. So involved have the railways become and their market value is so depressed, causing such wide-spread disaster, that it has been proposed that the government should purchase all- the lines. The London, Chatham and Dover, with a capital of $50,000,- 000, has never paid any dividend, nor even the interest on its first issue of bonds, and is now hopelessly insolvent in tho hands of a receiver. Yet this is the chief route connecting Paris and London. Nor is thw. tho only one of the Eng lish railways that has been placed in the re ceiver’s hands, while the stock of every one of them is heavily depreciated on the market. THE AMERICAN RAILWAY SYSTEM. Here in the United States the railroads have been built and are owned by private corpora tions ; and the evils of allowing so valuable a monopoly to remain in private hands have more than begun to display themselves. The corpo rations have seen the folly of competing with each other, and have thus combined; and now there are States of the union whose politioal and financial policy is directed and controlled by railway rings. The increased cost of coal in which every one is interested, is one of the evils. The monopoly of railroads lies like an embargo between the grain fields of the West and the seacoast. With corn in the east at over $1 a bnshel, it is burned in Illinois by the producers. Gov. Palmer, of Illinois, in a letter to a conven tion of farmers at Bloomington, proposes, as a remedy, that the roads should be made free to all carriers of freight and passengers, npon terms to be fixed by the State, and under the laws applicable to turnpikes. This would, how ever, be a mere half-way measnro. Every man has neither the time, the inclination, nor the means to be his own railway carrier, so that tho bnsines3 would ultimately fall into few hands; and our experience with the express companies shows how naturally they would combine and keep their charges high. The chief objection brought against the con trol of railroads by the State, is a dislike of governmental interference with private busi ness, and a fear, which is perhaps jnst, of “the administrative ability of government officials.’ Bat experience will teach ns, if it has not al ready taught ns, that the railway, being essen tially a monopoly, should never be intrnsted to private hands. The circulation of a country, liko the coining of its money, should be carried on by the public for it3 own convenience and benefit. Tho continent of Europo has shown that governmental control of the railways is in every way an advantage to the public, and that their management can be so organized as to be at once efficient and economical. Constitution of the Georgia Agricul tural .Society. Article 1. This Association shall be known by the name of the Georgia State Agricultural Society. Art. 2. The .officers of the Society shall be a President, one Vice President from each Con gressional District, which officers shall be elect ed by ballot by tho Society in. convention, as hereinafter.-prescribed. t . .. Art. 3. The legislative and elective power of the Society shall be vested in tha convention of delegates from the county agricultural societies. Theso delegates shad be elected by ballot by the county sooieties in January of each.year, or as early thereafter as practicable. Each county shah bo entitled to send three delegatee to tho convention, and-if- there shall be more tban two orga- ized societies in each county, then the representation from that coun ty shall be double this number. The delegates shall hold their appointment for one year. There shall bo two conventions annually,'the first on the 22d February, the seoond at snoh time and place in the fall as the spring conven tion shall determine. At the fall convention U r Some Scraps of Secret History, From the Louisville .Courier-Joumai^\ : When the war in Europe began wo declared it to be the duty of our government, and no less the duty of every journalist in the country, to maintain a position of strict but independent neutrality between the contending powers. This position, adhered to with rectitude and firmness, could hardly fail to be misconceived, or at least to prove distasteful to partisans, bnt would, we thought, best answer the ends of justice in the abstract and the interests of our government in particular. Such, as far as matters have gone, has been the experience. At first the advan tages seemed to be with France, and we had the honor of being sharply criticised by onr friends, tha Germans, for describing the situation as it was or as it appeared to be. The progress of the war has developed sudden and startling changes of position and fortune upon the mili tary chess-board, and because we have reported these with perfect impartiality and candor we have incurred the displeasure of some of our friends, the French. The position of a neutral is always delicate and never satisfactory; but.it gratifies us to feel that we have been influenced the Annual Fair of the Society shall be held. I by no partisan, or local, or pecuniary influence - suits. Railways have been built by private —-t tmiil *71* »* vnt* * w aau- ^ wh,it hu7utyU Q f 9 ° meb0dy Wh ° companies, and It has been supposed that com petition would secure for the pnblic cheapness of transit and stability in railroad investments. The report of the royal commission on railways gives us the data for judging how far this sup position has proved true. The Stockton and Darlington line Waa opened in 1825, bnt the speculative mania for railways did not set in un til 1844. That year projected railways requiring a capital of nearly $75,000,000 were granted charters by Parliament. The next year, 18-45, the amount was $220,000,000; and the next, 1846, $607,000,000. The amount asked for in 1846 was $2,000,000; but Parliament was pru dent and limited their favors to $607,000. This conservatism is the more praiseworthy sinoe it is said'that oue hufidred and fifty-seven mem bers of Parliament were pecuniarily interested in the schemes proposed that year. The Par liamentary expenses of the Liverpool and Man chester Railway were abont $135,000, about $5,000 per mile; and it is said that the solici tors’ biu for promoting a scheme that reached Pariiament was $410,000. There are now 14,247 miles of railway in Eng land, representing an aggregate capital of $2,- 511,314,435, and occupying 289 square miles of territory, or one aero in evenr 273 of England and Wales; one in every 8,123 In Bcotlana, and one ja every 858-in Ireland. Theeefimed B*rry on the average nearly 1,000,000 of passengers every day, and in 1867 dispatched 6,000,009 ' Georgia Bond Laws. From the Washington Gazette.] Washington, Ga., August 9th. | Mr. Editor : As there is much ignorance of the road law -iu our community, allow me, through your paper, to publish a synopsis of it. Firstly—Onr law provides that “all male in habitants, white and black, in this State, be tween the ages of 16 and 50,' are subject to work on the pnblic roads, except such os ore specially exempted.” Secondly—Tho law requires all managers or employers of male free persons of color, when ever required, to furnish the overseers of the road district with a list, in writing, of those who are liable to work on the pnolic roads, signed by themselves, under a penalty of pay ing three dollars for each male person so liable to work and not returned, which shall be col lected ns fines for not working the road. Thirdly—Tha law declares that every person liable to work ou the roads who, after being summoned, shall neglect to obey the summons and to carry tho implement required of him, or who shall refuse faithfully to work, shall bo fined for each day’s neglect or failure not less one nor more than three dollars, or shall be imprisoned, at tbo discretion of the Road Com missioners. Fourthly—The law gives fall power to the Road Commissioners to issue executions for the fines assessed by them, or to issue warrants of arrest against all defaulters failing to render a good excuse, which executions and warrants shall be directed to any lawful constable, whose duty'it shall be to Ibvy and collect the same as Justice Court fi. fas., or to arrest the defaulter and bring him before the Commissioners of the district to abide by their judgment. Fifthly—In all cases where executions are is sued against road hands in the employment of others, notice in writing to such employer of the existence of said fi. fa. shall operate as a garnishment, and shall be a lien on wages due or to become dne from said employer to the road hand. Sixthly—All defaulters must file their excuse, if any, c:i oath, before the Commissioners, who are required to meet at some place within the district for fining and punishing defaulters, of which place of meeting they shall give ten days’ notice in writing, at one or more of the most public places in the district, and no other notice to defaulters shall tie necessary. Seventhly—The law declares, further, that no ptoperty is exempt from levy and sale under an execution issued by tbe Road Commission- i - Jr it e« w -tafp ■■ Eightly—The Road Commissioners can pay the overseers one-half of the fine money, as compensation to them for informing bn defaul ters. Ninthly—The Overseers of Roads most give at least one day’s notice of the time and place of meeting to work on the road, and the iinple ments to be used. Tenthly—The law- allows road hands to be worked fifteen days in each year, (not more than five at one lime,) unless a sudden emer gency requires the repair of roads, bridge's or canse-ways within the district, when more time may be required. Eleventhly—The law requires the overseers to replace the mile posts when down, and to place sign-boards at places requiring them. These are tbe plain, distinct provisions of the Road Law, and they cover, the whole ground. If we have bad roads, as we do everywhere— such roads as bring constant reproach upon ns —the fault is in the Road Commissioners, not in the law. Very respectfully, ” ; Wm. M. Reese. An election for President, Vice Presidents, and members of the Executive Committee sball.be held daring the present convention, and shall be inaugurated during the spring session of 1871. Hereafter tho election of these offipers shall be held during the spring session of the Society. The present officers shall hold their offices until their successors are inaugurated os provided forin this constitution. At the fall sessions, hereafter, the President and Vico Presidents and members of the Execu tive Committee from the Congressional dis tricts shall be elected for the succeeding year, their duties to commence with the first or spring session of the next year, at which time the Ex ecutive Committee and Secretary and Treasurer of the preceding year shall make their annual report. The President shall be inaugurated at tho spring Convention, and publicly on the 22d of February; if this day shall fall on Sunday, then on the day succeeding. ’ At the spring Convention the standing com mittees on alt subjects deemed important to the interests of agriculture, mechanics, manu factures, and the mineralogical interests of the State shall be appointed, and they shall make their reports at the fall session. The President, Vice President and members of the Executive Committee, ex-Presidents of the Society and life members on the Roll of the Soeiety, and life members a3 hereinafter pro vided for, shall be members of this legislative body. :• fi v .. Any person who shall be interested in the ag- rictdtural, manufacturing, mechanical or mineral interests in this State, shall be nominated to the Executive Committee of this Society for election as a life member upon the payment of ten dollars, but the Society reserves the right through its Executive Committee to reject any person so nominated. Any person who shall pay two dollars to the Secretary shall be an annual member of this Society, and shall bo entitled to a seat in the Convention of Delegates, but shall not be al lowed to vote on any question before the- Con vention. Upon tbo rejection of a person by the Execu tive Committee, who shall bo nominated for a life membership, tbe fee of ten dollars shall be returned to him from the Treasury of tho Soci ety. I Art. 4. There shall bo three Executive Committeemen from each Congressional Dis trict. The Delegates in Convention, from each Dis trict, shall nominate five names, from which the Convention shall chooso three members of said Board to serve as tha Executive Committee from their District. The members of this Board, at the first election, shall be elected for one, two and three years, and one member from each District annually, thereafter ; one member from a county only. The President and Vice Presi dents shall be ex-ojjicio members of tbe Execu tive Committee ; undthe Committee, thus con stituted, shall have power to elect the Secretary and Treasurer, and prescribe their duties. A two-thirds vote of the whole Committee shall have the power, for cause, to remove these of ficers and fill their vacancies. The President may suspend the Treasurer or Secretary for any gross malfeasance in office, and appoint a successor pro tempore, to discharge their -duties. The members of tho Executive Committee shall be ex officio members of tho legislative and elective body of the society,and entitled to vole on all questions coining before it. Tfie President may call extraordinary sessions of the Committee and Convention if deemed necessary. Art. 6. Two counties, represented by dele gates, shall be a quorum of the Convention of the Society for tho transaction of business, in conjunction with a quorum of the Executive Committee. Eleven members of the Executive Committee shall bo a quorum. If seven Con gressional Districts are represented at any meet-. :.ng of the Executive Committee, five members shall be a quorum thereof. Art- 7. The Treasurer shall keep the funds of the Society, ana disburse them under the or der of the President dr a Vice-President when aoting in his place, and shaltmake a report of fiis receipts and dinbursment at the spring an nual meeting The Treasurer shall pay no or der that is not couutersigned by the Recording Secretary. He shall be required to give a bond in a sum satisfactory to the President,, to bei approved by the -' Executive- Committee. The Secretary shall take charge of, distribute or preserve alt Heeds, plants, books, models, specimens in mineralogy or natnral history, which may be; transmitted to. f the Society p shall have charge of all communications design ed or calculated for publication ; and so far as may be deemed proper shall collect, arrange and publish the same, in snoh'maimer and form as he may deem best calculated to promote the objects and interests of the Society, by the 22d day of February of each jear. He shall also keep a neat and perfect record of the acts and doings of tho Annuul Conventions or Extraor dinary Sessions of the Society, and aot as Sec retary to the Executive Committee, keepings oorrect and neat record of their transactions, and shall publish his records as dirooted by the Executive Committee or the Society. Art. 8. The annual Fairs of the Society shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by. the Executive.Committee. . . * Art. 9. The Executive Committee shall, by ballot, elect a Secretary and Treasurer, whose term of office shall continue for three years, but removable upon cause ; and the Executive Statistics of Houston Connty. Pebby, Ga., August 20, 1870. • Editors Telegraph and Messenger: I send you a few items from onr tax books for 1870, as follows, to wit: Number of white polls 882 Number of colored polls 2,454 Aggregate number of polls 3,336 Value of 355,486 acres of land....$2,013,046 00 Value of town property. Value of merchandize........; Value of stocks and bonds Value of household and kitchen furniture Value of plantation implements... Amount invested in merchandize. Amount invested in ootton manu factories. Value of all other property. Aggregate value $3,528,886 00 Value of freedmen’s lands and town property 16,545 00 Aggregate value of. freedmen’s property 53,237.00 248,915 00 92,785 00 61,307 00 i 19,550 00 3,400 00 92,785 00 50,000 00 . 591,638 00 Aggregate value of whole prop- - 3 #4 erty returned. $8,582^23 DO isfj \.b*a JtUaai lx Houston, Sebx6b. Good By*, John!—^Two hundze^ ^ ^j Richmond, Va., negroes emigrated to Boston last week. whatsoever; that when we might have gained some advantage in a local contest by shamming German we were accused of a French bias; that, when that circumstance was removed and there was no longer any motive for our leaning to wards Prussia, we were charged with deserting a cause which we had distinct'y refused to make our own ; in short, that we have given the news as we received it, without undertaking to play the censor or interpreter, being superior to demagogic considerations of every sort. We may say that experience has taught ns to place small confidence in current newspaper criticism upon military events. But a crisis seems to have been reached in the struggle; and as we happen to have in onr possession some facts which may bring a certain pressure to bear npon the events immediately iii front of ns, we shall not be charged with a violation of onr promise and duty as a neutral if we place them before our readers. We shall do so along with such free and unrestrained comments as they suggest. The equivocal position of England has been observed. The secret treaty, wiiiofioreated so much ado in Parliament, suddenly .disappeared from British counsels and ceased to excite the government. Now’ we learn that England is se riously alarmed at the progress of the Prussians, nud it is not unlikely that she may espouse the cause of Natoleon. Thereby bangs a tale. It must be evident to any one who will care fully read over the correspondence between Lord Augustus Loftus, British Envoy at Berlin, uud Lord Lyons, British Envoy at Pans, and the Prussian and French Governments,--respec tively, that both Bismarck and Napoleon were originally “spoiling for a.fight.” . But from different inspirations. Bismarck seems to have been.moved by his ambition and his confidence; Nupoleou by necessity. The real peace-maker was King William. That grand old man, simple- hearted and brave, having neither passion to de lude him nor ambition to misguide, sincerely desired to prevent a resort to arms. He seems to have joined heartily in the effort to.'avert bloodshed, which was precipitated by exactions from Paris of such an extraordinary nature that nothing short, of the pressure of necessity can explain them. England stepped aside, there fore, to let'thd armies pass, chagrined by her failure to keep the peace and mortified and : angry at the treatment she" had received from Napoleon. Then Bismarck sprung his seoret treaty, which raised a much-ado in Parliament, and then, of a sudden, disappeared. There are reasons for this, and we may yet see the curious spectacle of the conqueror and jailer of the great Bonaparte interposing to save the Napoleonic dynasty from destruction. A little unwritten history bears on this point. Thirty-fivo years ago, when LouisNapoleon was making his home m England, he became very closely intimate with an English nobleman of extraordinary personal attractiveness and diplo matic genius; - a rising leader of the House of Commons; an under Secretary in the Cabinet of the period; a man of fashion, a man about town, and an enthusiastic student of politics and Paul de Kock. There was, among many congenialities which united- the two ambitions young statesmen, one powerful bond of fellow ship. Tneir one weakness was woman; 'their one vice was gallantry. They did not gamble. They were not intemperate. Bat they had'“ran together they were bosom cronieB in senti ment and sensuality; they had the back ehtre at the Alhambra; were habitues of Cremorne and Vauxhall; and, in short, were about as' “fast” a couple as might be expeoted of a Prince full of fairy visions and a lord full of ambitious schemes. Of oourse we refer to the late Vis count Palmerston. It was Palmerston who, be ing Premier of England, made that : famous treaty of allianoe with Napoleon, when Empe ror of the French, which startled tho world, which created a distrustful laugh all over Europe, but which, being founded in one of tho most romantic and curious stories which tho annals of human: friendship afford, held fast and olose .93 long as Lo^d Ptafiperston lived. It wa3 Palmerston who, twenty-five years before, had founded this perfectly natural and safe compact between two rival nations whilst wandering about the streets of London at midnight humming French songs with Prince Louis; dining at Richmond on chops and sup ping at La Belle Sauvage on shrimps and ohsm- pagne ; luxuriating morning, noon and night ■with sham countesses and psuedo wives In the mysterious purlieus of St. John’s Wood. It is believed to have been Palmerston who intro duced the youthfal Bonaparte to the famous Mrs. Howard; and it was oertainly Mrs Howard who, inspired by Palmerston’s confidence and what appears to have been, on her part, a gen uine affection for Louis, furnished the money for the raid on Boulogne and the electioneering expenses in 1848. She remained the friend ol Louis Napoleon and Palmerston to the last. She was not dazzled by tbe delusion of a hope less orown in 1852 • bnt, being * mtnw of sense as well as force of character, it is said that, still prompted by Palmerston, who was her confidant as well as the friend of her para mour, the Emperor, she urged the latter’s mar riage with the daughter of old Montijo. At that time Napoleon, rebuffed by all the courts of Eu rope and very much attached to Eugenie, whom he had assaiied, it is reported, with very differ ent but equally fruitless proposals, was morti fied and suing to a sort of desperation. .Old Montijo was a dreadful old vestal, living in apartments overlooking the plaoe Vendome ; but Eugenie, a beauty and religious devotee, and a pet of the Pope, was a sort of link be- Franoo overrun by Prussia. The overthrow: of Napoleon may bring about a Prusse-Franco alliance before which the English interest in Belgium would not be worth a farthing candle ; and, after this fashion, we maybe presented with the curious spectacle of seeing the power that destroyed Napoleon come to the rescue of the Napoleonic dynasty. WarNoles. The French have always been clamoring for the natfirid frontier between Franoe and Ger many, Ibis very likely now that the Germans will, at-last, comply with their demand by re establishing the ancient natural boundary, the Vosges mountains, between the Gaul and the Teuton. 1 ->»un Committee shall fix the salaries and define the tween the Empire and Vatican. Palmerston') duties of these officers. idea seems to have been to bolster Napoleon Art. 10. The Executive Committee shall make with. Catholicism, and it is not unlikely that an annual report of its action, through its pre- he looked with disfavor oii a royal marriage. Biding officer, at its annual meeting; this aotion During this period, 0s in foot during bis entire ’ “ — " ““ - * «a; ttM: V.' j fn - V ' 4- - r '~T n I oa PHOntia* kor waa nfliiMi Ist'DawIw J MMaJ of the Executive Committee shall be subject to the approval of the Society, in Convention. Art. IL At all elections held, by the Execu tive Committee, under the provisions of this Constitution, the persons receiving the greatest number of votes, shall be declared elected. : Art. 12. Each County Society represented in this Society shall be required to forward, through its proper officer, 6Uoh sum of money as the Executive Committee shall assess upon its membership, this sum not to exceed 50o per capita of the membership. u .-ut loleelaffou ;Art{ 13. The Constitution shall go into force at onae, except so much thereof as applies to reign as Premier, he was often in Paris,: some times as a tourist, but always the private guest of the Emperor. Louis waa dispirited and in love ; and, again to the surprise of every -one (his career has been a series of- surprises), he married the beautiful Montijo. It proved a suc cess. He put himself by the: alliance fit - the- ' head of Catholic Europe, got the woman of his choice, and a good wife into the bargain, and the arrangement has worked Hke a charm ever tdfiKiwtai000,8then to mo jurojUt - Thus it will be seen that; as -a sort of protege and then as a friend and finally as an ally of Lord Palmerston, Louis Napoleon has beta all the regulations of the Executive Committee | along* quasi dependent on Engita<i. It was m made for the conduct of tho Pair of 1870, Art. 14. This Constitution shall be amended or altered by a vote of two-thirds of the mem bers present at any annual meeting of the So- ciety in convention,fup<}ix>:aae'year's'nptiab in writing.,Tfi 9& ao ekaobala xol fiessqo *d fbi Strength cur th» U» S. NAV-x.-rr-The United States navy, at .present^ consist of 184. half knowledge of the facts ttfatfed which caused fhe explosion when Bifimarek 'unearthed the: secret treaty; and Napoleon,^who doubtless has the ear of Mr. Disraeli as well as Mr. Gladstone, to say nothing of other private and personal means of reaching an uudemandiDg, must- hare made some satisfactory explanation, Md peotor : bly, operating upon the reciprocal idea which lies at the bottom of ail dipkunatio Ctetriranee, ... , .‘o-:.' hnn 51 of wmch are ircn-clads. OX tbe whole g^zUiagenoies which either haye or *re about to be? 73 only are inactive service, the, -othersbe- g# thre 1 y SW v->-'9-‘- ~ fi “ *“ “ fl “ rcrTT Dictator, Saugus at attached to the North Atlantic Fleet. arrive. At all events, in view of these antece dents and the private relatione Which Louis Ns- - inffi-altf aiyekep* qp with tla* 1, he is the safest man in Fi "and, which can afford neither to lei upon the French administration nor to see Though forty years have elapsed since the Conquest of Algeria by Franoe, the coloniza tion of this country so famous in antiquity for its fertility and high cultivation, has made but little progress under French rule. And whilo tbe Paris press assures us that a great many Arab chieftains have offered their services against Germany, the Government has been obliged to declare Algeria in a state of seige, the conquered natives threatening to rise again when the French vessels, carrying the greater part of the Algerian troops home, have: hardly set sail for France. coTho faot is that the Latin races have never succeeded in colonizing ; only the Saxons have founded mighty and prosper ous Empires, while the Latin colonies remain either stationary or in a 1 ohronio state of anar chy. -. Everybody is surprised at the inactivity of the French fleet. The'German papers ascribe it to"their inability of doing great mischief.— The whole ooaat of - Germany seems to be in a better state of defense than the French were aware of. General Vogel Von Falckenstein, whose name has become famous for his rapic, movements in the Austrian war, is the com mander of the forces on the Baltic. He is said tp have organized the most perfect telegraphic system, so that the appearance of the French fleet, at any point of the coast, will be known to him in the course of a few minutes. There are only: a few places where a landing might be attempted. These have been secured as much as possible by torpedoes and the removal of all beacons, lights, etc. Only small boats might dis embark troops here, without, however, being protected by the cannons of the vessels riding at anchor on the high sea. It is said, Von Falckenstein would like to see a French land ings because he counts upon cutting off the enemy’s retreat and Crushing the whole coma with his superior.foroes. For the first time since the battle of Pavia, in 1525, all German States are once more united against Franoe. In that battle, Francis I, King of France, was defeated and made a prisoner by Charles V, Emperor of Germany. The bitter lessons of the past have not bean thrown away upon the German. A great race of fifty millions in the centre of Europe, who had held the ■ first place iu Christendom when Italy,; Spain and Russia were mere geographical terms, had lost their place in the councils of na tions by having become divided against itself. The German mind fondly dwelling on the glo rious times of the German empire, has dreamed of German unity with a kind of religious feel ing ever since the glory of the nation had de parted. Various ways have been advocated to fulfill these national aspirations. The “German Bund” imposed upon the nation by the crafty Prince-of Metternich at the Congress of Vienna to secure Austria’s supremacy iu Germany, was a miserable fabric and only perpetuated Ger man discord.' The revolution of 1848 proved a failure. Frederic 'William IV., King of Prus sia, declined the imperial crown offered to-him by tbe nation, because Nicholas I., Emperor of Russia, whose influence was then almighty in German, interposed his veto. We do not think that the KiDg would even have have been able to sustain his' new dignity for a long .time. The Southern Germans, who are generally of a more idealistic turn of mind than their Northern brethren, have advocated a voluntary confederation of States. We confess tbe idea is beautiful, but impracticable. The'Gennan Princes, with large armies at their disposal would never consent to resign voluntarily a part of their sovereign right for the benefit of the common country, as the thirteen American col onies did when they founded the. United States of America. It has, then, become apparent to every' patriotic German whose mind is not thoroughly prejudiced by shallow, petty, and narrow opinions, that one great State must take the lead in the national movement, just as Italy was made by the kingdom of Piedmont under the great Cavonr. Prussia Mono has shown herself capable of giving the national aspira tions a practical turn. In this moment all German tribes are cheer fully sustaining Prussia, because she has drawn the sword'to defend the honor and integrity of the Fatherland. The Southern States have cast in their lot with the North German Confed eration, not for tho love of Prussia, but because Ihey know that the triumph of France would re sult m another dismemberment of their! com mon country, and the loss of the Rhineland to Germany. Asia all times of great common danger, party and minor questions are forgotten for the present “No more shall the iron heel of an insolent conqueror tread upon Ger- ound,” is the universal cry of all Ger- ho are fighting, not for King William or Prussia, but lor the independence and integrity of, their native land. Bitter experience has taught them that what they most urgently need titfhmity, whioh. will conduct then) fit lost to freedcn»*ii,D - Mq ol vuiano XisJoo. Jabno. ^tio • ■ WS.-..-2 -3U.-: fcxperiiheiitA with Torjledon. A war correspondent was present the other day at Brest daring soma trials with torpedoes, and beheld the action of one of those subma rine monsters on a nautical “screw,” which was plaeed in position for the purposes of the ex periment. The old vessel was moored over a torpedo .'Containing) about six hundred pounds of pctdrfWj ljiog,at a depthof-torty feet French, say fifty English feet When the explosion took place the condemned craft was first of all neariy lifted out of the sea, and then a power ful je^ of water pierced it aa if an- anormoos projectile had passed through kneel and decks, and rose to a height of some sixty feet. But fox the empty. Casks, with which the ship was lsgenJit would Immediately hate gone to the bottom. It must riot be supposed, however, says the writer, that all the danger in the ex- f the torpedo is represented by this water, which destroys-as it rises and inundates as it falls. A no leas terrible effect is produced by the gas generated by the pow der, which, in searching an issue, escapes from the water in sharp blades, whioh nothing can resist. Beams measuring more than six square feet hive been cut through as with a saw. We then find that gunpowder is found to answer better for torpedoes than pierate of potassium, nitre-glycerine or gun option. A Game of Poker on the Cara. A traveling correspondent of the Courier- Journal tells the following story of a game of railroad poker he saw played reoentlyl. We were soon enlivened by the appearance of a Cincinnati sport en route for the springs, and a Louisville clothier going to New Orleans, who began to play a lively game, twenty-five cento ante, and no limit at all. Our sympathies were soon arrayed on the side of Louisville, who played a square game, and against Cincinnati, who rung in all the foul tricks he knew. Louis ville was a little dark-haired, bright-eyed a German and a Jew, but as honest as day. Cincinnati was a big, red-faced mustechio, pretty sharp, and thoroughly unscrupulous. When Cincinnati had won about three hun dred dollars, one of us took Louisville aside and told him what was going on, while another stuck an ace up one sleeve'and a king up the other “Now," Baid they, “he’s been cheating you from the first, and, if you want to get even, you must do as we tell you.” Louisville said he would. They told him to wait until he got two aoea or two kings; then to ‘fetch down one of the odd cards from his sleeve, and to “go in.” The very next hand he got four kings. ■ They began to bet. Cincinnati saw his ton and went five better. Louisville went fifty bel ief. Cincinnati raised him a hundred. Louis ville came to time and added fifty to it. Cin cinnati responded and put on a hundred more. Louisville said, “I’m in," and called i»™ There were nearly seven hundred dollars on the table, and Cincinnati laid down four aces. Louisville raked the money in his lap and laid dovnjite-kings/ - v v .~^:o g:.;.:. “Why,” says Cincinnati, “that’s barefaoed. swindling.” “Swindlin’ pe damn,” says Louisville, “It's pen swindlin’ all de time,” bringing hiB fist down fiat. “Gain, Israel,” says a voice. “Well,” says Cincinnati, rising, “I think I’ll just fight on that.” _ _ “Oh,_my Abednego,” says another voice. Bnt little Lonisville rose up, and poking out his-neck arid his hand as far as they would j reach, , he says: “Fight, is it? Fight! Py. Gods I fight you mit de bowie knife, mit de. pistol, mit de derringer, mit de Colt’s navy, mit de gun, mit de sword, mit de cannon, or mit de damn’d old musket mit de bayonet! I fights ;~n you mit anyding, an’ I fight you right now. Vich you choose ?” Cincinnati concluded he wouldn’t fight. 'He said the crowd was against him, declared he couldn’t get fair play, and got off at the next station'. ' f hr, The North Carolina Election. The movement for setting aside the election in North Carolina has been initiated in foroe.'~ The New York Tribune, of the IGth, publishes the following dispatch: Washington, Aug. 16, 1870. A delegation pf Republicans have arrived here from North Carolina, and intend to pro ceed North to lay before members of Congress and others the condition of affairs in that titate and the attitude of the colored men. The mem bers of the delegation are vouched for by trust-. worthy authority as being wholly responsible, and that their statements are entitled to fall oredit. They have also a mass of evidence, go ing to show in what manner the election in that State was carried by the Ku-Klux organization. Col. Geo. M. Arnold, who comes direct from* Wilmington and Raleigh, says that Gov. Holden is accumulating authenticated testimony in re gard to the outrages in that State, and that he will arrive here with Senator Abbott next week, to lay tha facts before the President and Secre tary of War. They will urge the continuance of the military in the State to aid in the arrest and punishment of criminals, the number of ' whom enables them to defy the civil processes. An effort will also be made in Congress to set the election aside, as it is clearly shown that 25,000 colored menin the State, owing to bodily injnry, threats and intimidation, were kept from the polls. The most appaling crimes were com mitted, crimes which in atrocity have never - been equaled in the annals of history, exoept by savages on tho Plains; and there is the most convincing evidence of the cruelties of the out laws, not only to men but to women, white and black, already iu the hands of the Governor. On election day, in the 4th; 5th, 6th and 7th Congressional Districts, it was represented that there was no pretense of holding a fair election in some of the districts; that colored men were openly mobbed, their lives threatened, and a reign of terror overspread the whole colored population. Gov. Holden believes that Federal troops are still necessary to preserve the pub lic peace and protect loyal men, and with the Republican Congressmen from that State, will urge the President to continue all the troops now in that State, at least until Congress assem bles in December. The South may as well make up her mind that every election in which the Radicals are defeated will beset aside by the Federal Govern ment ; but this should only nerve ns to more vigorous efforts to vote them down persistently as often as an opportunity to go to the polls is Xorittera aa« SaatiMra BenatwaUial tbe tlanoq ct .-tipulf..:. ol ■ ale c. tOerreapqariwnoa N. Y. HarakL | This season a larger number! of visitors have already arrived than at any time siaca the war. The cottages are nearly all occupied,, and dur- ing the day the lawns and parlort and at night- fati the ball-rooms are thronged with “beauty and chivalry.” . I have observed since hare many of the noted personages of ths South, ia- eluding Davis and Toombs, and everywhere the best feeling, nut only among, themselves, but toward the Northern visitor*. I mention Toombs, because in particular he ; seems to realize the situation arid heartily to make the best of it Whatever he has been he to thoroughly the mas of the pieaeat, and mixasap, langba and tells the be»» Meritor even thenagh arr olcf associate may obme infor*n oocaaiopal hit A Dastardly Ouiue*.—Jfmphis, August l,8.~Maior Brantley, of Winona, Mississippi, was assassinated Thursday night, white sitting riesrt 4hat tooh'tihi0e,:itf tbe midat of his ijAi !*•**.• mg fining w»e, hi >e assassin fired a charge o: Affairs in EnfanlSt^ to i Editors Telegraph and Messenger: 1 There is, perhaps, no plaoe in the South with brighter prospects for advancement in oornmen- cial importance than. Eufaula. Situated in s region So noted for its fertility, and having so many enterprising capitalists in her midst she could not but beoome a mart of considerable trad*, even if her greet railroad schemes shook} never be consummated, "* 64 * K * S - - The Vicksburg and Eufaula Railroad has been graded to a point near Clayton, and the oriri- fractors are pushing the wort forward with much energy. A large number of workmen are now engaged in turning topey turvy the hill near the depot, tor the purpose of connecting the neiw track with the Southwestern Railroad. From Maj. Griffin, a contractor on the Mont gomery and Eufaula Road, I learn that that im portant enterprise is being rapidly pushed to wards completion. The grading has boen ad vanced to a point ten miles south of Union Springs. The road will be completed in about twelve months.' I notice quite a number of buildings going up in tbe city. The Baptists and Presbyterian denominations are each erecting oommodtouu and impoefiiDg housesof worship, and the Epis copal Church is being enlarged and much im proved. Several ooetly private residences are being erected in various parts of the city. The Chewalla House has lately been thor oughly renovated and refitted. It to now under tile management of Mr. T. H. McCormick, a gentleman well known' to the public as a peer- lese caterer and a polite, attentive, efficient landlord. Wszuw, St. Lours Law School.—The nett regular term of this Law Sehool will open ea elsewhere advertised, Wednesday, October 12th, 1870. This announcement is well worthy of the atten tion of those who desire to prepare for success ful practice at. the bar. The faculty, six in number, consists of Judge Treat, of the TJ. B„ District Court, Judge Madilfc af Aha Ha- T.lri. Circuit Court, Judges Krem esd Beber, and SXd&srs. Albert Toady Alex. Martin. altof whum, eithez on tb* b*noh or. at t}ie bar of St Louie, are ecu l in the daily study and application of From the aevero :*w for a 4«gree in the law school acre required.to pass,, and. the high reputation as well as from the nnn«n*l inaoiiy like St LouULtoT the practice as well as tho to rrt&rbe'doubted thaf thtoto- _ „ Washington University, both■jfc r v-vito* receive rtejpa rage Mthiifb ao tofgatw'IM.' - •towed by Westarnetudenta : upep tow ? fSSg , ijr t ir-' , -TYininaal . 4MRFutis country < taliste to invest in sunk aa enterprise.