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Jlxo cotton Area ana Prospects. jv e Commercial ana Financial Chfoniole, of r r ;&j, makes tha following estimate of falling V from last year in tha cotton acreage: North Una, 12 per cent., 54,000 acres; South • .^ina, 20 per cent., 120,000 acres; Georgia, jper cent., 170,000 acres; Alabama, 15 per -nt 215,000 acres; Mississippi, 12 per cent., D7000 acres; "West Tennessee, 5; Middle Tennessee 10; and an average throughout the State 7 P« r ccnt > 0137 >°°° acres * Arkansas, 8 . nt 56 000 acres; Louisiana, 0 per cent., | K.000 acres; Texas not estimated, i These eigbt States, according to the estimates the Chronicle, show an aggregate decrease I '-'cotton acreage amounting to 332,000 acres. Ibe average decrease is .12 per cent. Borne 'iliing off is also claimed from the amount of j ftilizers used. The reports from all tod :-jtcs are unfavorable. The weather has been ^propitious—the plant is backward,* and much Jit has sickened and died. A good deal, there* !;«, has been replanted. The meager promise of the growing crop has u y £ { made very little impression on the busi- world, and it is a reasonable presumption &it the trade will be slow to credit the actual jadition. The crop of 1SG9 rose seven hundred lijasand bales on that of 18GS, and the crop of ;i;0exceeds that of 1869 by not far from eleven isdred thousand bales. And this result oc* sired in the face of all contrary rrognostica- . ;;3 of the cotton growers. All this time they me fondly complaining of scarce and deterior- itisg labor and a consequent and steady loss of praductivo power. A signal deficit this year nil therefore take the world by surprise. It is quite clear that hired agricultural labor is the South has steadily decreased in volume, rtSe it msy also be true that the product of mill independent producers, white and black, bu prett^nteadily increased. But, in trnth, de great bulk of the unexpected increase in the sops of 1SG9 and 1870 is ascribable to a lavish at of stimulating fertilizers and the generally mpiinons character and great length of the msons. These two causes combined, swelled ie cotton velumo in both cases beyond all an- aapation. The fertilizers not only hastened hi maturity of the plant by about three weeks, but they added much to its productiveness, and both these results were powerfully supplemented bja harvest and growing season, protracted far xto Novombe., three weeks longer than usual. Bat the cotton crop of 1870 hardly paid the oast of producing it, and left the planter, after ;t was marketed, with little disposition and less ufins to buy costly fertilizers. The result in Georgia certainly, and we have no doubt over lie whole cotton area, has been that the use of fertilizers has fallen off GO to 80 per cent. This is one great phase of the situation. The second is, that owing to unfavorable weather the crop s more backward and unpromising than wo have known it to bo within the last twenty years. The stand is universally poor and tha very best ones three weeks behind where they onght to bo at this season. We shall certainly lose this year the long season and in great part the bene fit of fertilizers. It will surprise ns, therefore, if the yield reaches that of 1869, and we are in cline to think it will probably not exceed 2,500,- 000 bales. Possibly, with propitious weather, it miy reach 3,000,000, which was the amount prognosticated by Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine Tear Book for 1871, on an acreage nndiminiabed from that of 1870. That authority thought tho excess in two successive years over those figures was due to extraordinary propitious seasons and heavy fertilizing. But the same writer now fixes the diminution in acreage at 12 per cent, which would bo half a million bales on the crop of 1870. On tho whole, we feel very confident that the crop of 1871 will surprise tho world. “IVlint X Know About Farming.” Brown & Company have just received copies of this celebrated treatise on agriculture by Mr. Greeley, of the Tribune. It has already had an immense sale, which is sufficient evidence of popular appreciation. It is a book of 300 pages, handsomely gotten up by Carlton & Company, sad dedicated by the author to tho man who shall invent a plough which shall pulverize ten seres of soil per day to the depth of two feet. Mr. Greeloy frankly says he is not a farmer— not an agricultural themist—is not vorsed in stock raising—and knows little abont handling scoops. His treatise is the result of some small personal experience and much observation, reading and reflection—all presented to tho reader in the bold, concise and vigorous style of which he is master. It is, of course, better adapted to the Northern and Western, than to the Southern farmer; but is full of striking views, original suggestions and practical infor mation, adapted to all. The most successful and famous agriculturists of England are men who have spent their life at the bar or in tho counting house, and who, with amplo means, have pursued agriculture upon original theories in an experimental way. * ‘What I know about Farming,” has been a standing subjeot of fun withwtho press, but i3 probably as valuable a book on the topic as the American prcs3 has produced. tilling Out the.While Folks iu Flor ida. The Savannah News calls attention to the fset that nearly three pages of a recent issue of (fie Live Oak Herald, a diminutive carpet-bag concern, are filled with the advertisements of lxEd to be sold for State and county taxes in Columbia and Hamilton counties. The land advertised to be sold in Columbia amounts to tfis astonishing aggregate of seventy-five thou sand seven hundred and five acres. In Hamil ton county there are four thousand seven hun dred and forty-two acres advertised to be sold for taxes. InLafayetto county there are one thousand three hundred and fifty-nine. For advertising these sales, the crjpefc-bagger or scalawag who engineers the dingy little concern wifi claim the snug little sum of $1,368. The Herald also contains a column or two of Sher- itTa sales, notices .to insolvent creditors, and other advertisements of a like character. MACON, TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1871. GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING A Big House Shaky. ■ffceftew York Times and other Northern Papers intimate that Mr. Thomas A. Scott and “ ia overshadowing combination, under the na “° the Pennsylvania Central Bailroed, are ® tltlIi R shaky. The Baltimore Gazette says U-s Pennsylvania Central is a very large bor- r °wer at heavy rates of interest, and though Recess in all its huge combinations and ex- t'&sioas will be very grand, yet failure will ome with a crash which will‘place it high on * r °H of fame at present oocupied by John 3 w and his Mississippi scheme. ' ■*! k> vocaCissi^ ed: tciafcfc* *• Slew Books. PnOSTHATE WOBKS OP SOUTH CaBOLIXA. AND THE Holmes, A. M. Foteale by J. W. Burke & Co. - This little volume contains a full and inter esting history of those wonderful phosphatic formations which abound on the coast of our sister State. Prof. Holmes has displayed much scientific research In his investigations of the origin of these remarkable rocks, which, at first were believed to be conglomerations of verita ble bones, but are shown to be merely calca reous rocks. These underlie Charleston Harbor in immense masses, and, excavations show, ex tend inland also- Belonging to the Eooeno age, and surmounted by deposits of green sand, marsh mud, and other debris of the ooean, tho theory is tbat. they were perforated by marinri animals and insects, so that the entire surface of these beds of marl, becoming. honey-combed and loosened to the depth of several feet, were easily abraded and washed away by the action of the waves and fide. The detached nodules were then swept inland by each gale until finally buried in the lagoons and estuaries of the sluggish streams’, which debouch into tho Atlantia Our author then reasons that afterwards by some geological agency, or natural convulsion or phenomenon, an upheaval of the whole coast ensued above the ooean level, which accounts for tho immense phosphate beds which are now so extensively mihed. Tljeso phosphates are composed exclusively of the shells and remains of marine animals, no quadrnped relics entering into them. The bones of the mastodon, elephant, etc., are merely found scattered among them, but forming no integral or constituent element of the marl or rock itself. The writer says the original nodules of shell rock wero changed from calcareons into phos phate rocks by chemical influences, which are de tailed at length, but our space will not alio w us to describo. The action of heat, however, as shown by tho presence of igneous rocks which overlap these beds, is believed to have been the chief cause. . But for particulars we would refer the lover of science to the work itself. Few have any adequate conception of the magnitude and value of the phosphate mines of Carolina. Thirteen powerful companies are in actual operation, embracing $4,000,000 of capital, be sides a number of lesser organizations. The crude rock is quarried and shipped to Balti more, Philadelphia, New England, and is even exported to Europe. - Expensive and ingenious machinery has been invented for the grinding and trituration of the material,. and skilful chemists have experi mented successfully, by the application of acids, in rendering soluble and suitable as food for plants, the phosphate dust or powder. Just in proportion as this solubility is more or less per fect can the ^immediate effect of- the fertilizer be observed. If applied just from the mill, little or no benefit will be derived tho first year> and. the action oi heat and moisture continued through several seasons, with their decompos ing influences, will be necessary to develop its virtue. The writer has tested this by experi ment on his own farm in Southwest Georgia. The discovery of these inexhaustible beds of fertilizers, fresh from Nature’s laboratory, which are from eighteen inches to three feet in thickness, and have raised the value of lands from $2 to $1000 in some localities, seems a merciful act of compensation by a kind Provi dence to a noble people, who have been the vic tims of man’s wrath and vengeance. We trust they will go far to restore prosperity to the ru ined seacoast, once the abode of wealth, educa tion and refinement, bnt now almost hopelessly Africanized and the theatre and grand centre of .Radical insolence and iniquity. The ground phosphates, treated with snlphurio acid, are already becoming the staple manure of the South, and they are destined at an early day to distance all competition. Of their superior value and efficacy, the writer can fur nish abundant testimony. Tlie Macon and Knoxville Kailroail. We are gratified to learn that the prospects of the projected railroad from this city to Knox ville are becoming much brighter, that the in terest in its construction is increasing rapidly, and that the people all along tho proposed line are giving substantial proofs of their desire to advanco tho enterprise by large subscriptions of money and donations of land. Nor is this cheer ing movement confined to the people of Geor gia. At a recent meeting at Knoxville, Tenn., when Colonel W. K. deGraffenried visited that city in the interest of the Macon and Knoxville Railroad, of which he is President, he was re ceived with much enthusiasm and was assured of the active co-operation of the people of Ten nessee in building the road. At a meeting of the Knoxville Board of Trade on the 25th of May, after an address from Col; deGraffenried, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted: Resolved, That wa most cordially welcome CoL De Graffeuroid, President of tho Macon and Knoxville Railroad to our city, and we re turn him our sincere thanks for his lucid ad dress and exposition of the advantages that will accrue to Tennessee and Georgia by tbe comple tion of bis road to lhi3 place. Resolved, By the Board of Trade of Knox ville, that we most cordially approve of the con templated railroad from Macon, 6a., to this place, and we pledge ourselves to use our utmost exertions to obtain for the company undertak ing to build the same, every reasonable facility to make their road and to complete it at the earliest day practicable. We cordially reoiprocate .the sentiments of these resolutions, and believe they are the sen timents of the citizens of Macon, and of the people of a large, fertile and important portion of the State of Georgia who have been, up to this time, deprived of direct railroad communi cation with.the markets of the world. It is needless to point out to Macon the advantages which she would derive from the completion of this direct line uniting her with the North west, and opening up to her commerce the vast mineral regions of Georgia andLEast Tennessee, from whioh she Is now practically excluded. It is only ncoessary to mention one fact and illus trate the. advantages which would inure to Ma con from the construction of this road. Now, to the general consumer, coal costs from $9 to $11 per ton; and to the manufacturer it costs from $6 to $7. . Were the Macon and Knox ville Hoad built, the finest grate coal would not cost, delivered, more than $5, and the manu facturers could supply themselves at $3 perton.^ This question presses itself upon the consider-" ation of the citizens of Macon at this time with increased urgency. Tbe reoent action of influ ential railroad corporations, placing, the' com mercial interests oi our people completely at their merey, makes it the imperative duty of. the city of Maoon to look out for her own pro tection, and to see to it that her prosperity and welfare shall not be dependent on the precari ous goodwill aud capricious judgment of a rail road company whose interest cannot be said, from past experience, to be identical with that of Macon. Pcbltcs. ;iin .oeuatrailo .aOlitSlOEVCTC 7: • Toluate ] e -*3S of c, v PRESS., Savannah shipped $303,675 45 w%rth pf cot ton last Saturday 1 to-Bremen and Liven/ 1 }!. The assessors of Atlanta report the^lue of real estate in that city at- $12,531,647. The Fourth Ward leads a) 1 'She rest In fatness, being credited with $4,100,300. ~ : - Colonel Chas. Rioh,%f Habersha’m ectanty, who was a gallant soldier in the war of 1812, and for forty years sheriff of-the county, died last week. - Z'gr. - Quite a number off Federal soldiers have been paid off and discharged from the barracks, at Atlanta, in the last few days; ana still the ’or- rid Kuddux are not ’appy. - , The steamers Magnolia and Gulf Stream for New York, and the Tonawanda, for Philadelphia, which sailed from Savannah Saturday, carried G, 146 boxes and barrels of vegetables.- r The Savannah News .of Monday says apart of the cargo of the Herman Livingston, which ar rived there Sunday from New York, was a huge Russian mastiff for a gentleman of Macon, The News mania disloyal enough’to wish that he (the’ dog) may speedily make the personal ac quaintance of the colored K. K. of this city.H The Covington Enterprise reports crops in that section very backward. Grass baa the in side track at present, and seems likely to win the race.: . * Crimson Caput Harris, of the Savannah News, haa not yet thanked us for that last advertise ment we gave him; but, nevertheless, we will give him another. From his “Affairs in Geor gia” column, of Monday, we clip as follows Iz is said that a daughter of John S. C. Ab bott, the Napoleonio nuisance, is teaching a highly-colored school in Macon. Pehrx has a Thespian corps which plays the Robbers, bnt the people think it is a comedy, and applaud accordingly. — A correspondent writing from Thomasville says“The disease called “taken with a leav ing” is assuming' an epidemio form among the officials in these regions. C. P. Brown, the carpet-bag postmaster of this plaoe, after bor rowing all the money he could from his confid ing friends and stealing all he could from the “best government the world over saw,” has fled to parts unknown, leaving his bondsmen to foot his bills. About the same time, Coroner Butler, of Thomas county,- (colored) finding violent deaths occur too slowly to make his office a pay ing institution, and having the fear of a warrant for gambling before his eyes, absconded. A. B. Clark has been appointed postmaster Brown's place. I expect to report very soon another runaway case. ■ . i Vfe hear from the Atlanta Sou as follows on the subject of the lease. Where the Sun gets its information, of course, it keeps to itself: The Lease Not Yet a Fixed Fact.—The lease • of the Macon and Western Railroad, it seems, cannot yet be regarded as a fixed fact, as the stockholders have yet to pass upon the matter, and a tremendous opposition to tho ratification is being made. The Macon and Brunswick Road is a stockholder in the Macon and WeBtera, to the amount of abont three quarters of a million of dollars. All of this stock will, very naturally, be emphatically op posed to consummation of the lease. We have also heard of several individual holders of largo amounts of slock who also strenuously oppose the lease. Basing an opinion upon the infor mation at hand, we think we can see a very lively contest over the question, and it is by no means improbable that the stockholders may refase to give their sanction to the transaction. The matter before the Board of Directors, we are informed, was handled with a marked de gree of unanimity, and. without acrimonious discussion. The stockholders will pass upon the matter iu a few days, and not nntilthen will the question be considered as definitely settled. : i A good deal of the opposition grows out of the fact that the Macon and Brunswick Com pany, through-Hr. Hgzlehurst, made a better bid than that at which the road was leased. It is held that ten per cent, per annum is the best that can be expected from the present contract, while the Macon and Brunswick offer twelve per cent. It is also further claimed that the $750,000 of stock owned by the Macon and -Brunswiok company, is sufficient surety for the regular payment of the rentaL Upon the subject of the lease the GriffinMid- dle Georgian has this utterance: And it mnst not be supposed that these mo nopolies, as they are termed, because they are monopolies, will necessarily oppress tbe peo ple; but, on the contrary, these great corpora tions, particularly the Central Road, know veiy well how to be in harmony with the interest of the people—the source of their life. These mat ters of lease and consolidation winch are no new things with the Central Road, are not designed to affect the people, by oppressive tariffs of freight, bnt to protect the roads making them against rival lines, that are competing for busi ness. It is true .that the Central Railroad is 9 gianreorporation, with an aggregation of power that is collossaL For, like the fabled Briareus, it has stretched out its iron arms, untilit compasses every section. It can buy up legislatures— manage the executive—control the. courts—but notwithstanding all this, it can’t bo denied that it has done more, and is now doing more, to develop the resources of our State, and added to the material wealth of our people than any other road in Georgia. Then we say let it go on with its capital, both building and leasing roads, and we will never: complain so.long as it ad heres to tho law of its creation, and exercises no power not expressly granted or necessarily implied in its charter. The Monroe. Advertiser says the stores .up there aro thronged with people, but there seems to bo more credit than cash. ■■ - ' r ' : Mr. Alien, of. Meriwether county, was killed- last Monday by the running away of a plow- horse he was trying to mount. His feet be came entangled, in the gear and he was dashed against a tree and fearfully mangled. The A-tlanta.Sun says Colonel Hulbert has re signed his position ns General Superintendent of the Brunswick and Albany Railroad, and is now living in that, city with narrow gnage rail road on the brain. - A Jeiteesox county correspondent of the Washington Gazette writes; “Wheat sorry, cotton all dying, corn small and backward, whisky high and sorry—the crop of hew babies unusually largo with fine prospects ahead.” Nathan L. Jones, charged with the murder of Mr. Duggan, at .Station No. 1, Central Rail road, sometime in December last, was convic ted of voluntary manslaughter before the Burke oounty Superior Court last week, and sentenced to twenty years in the penitentiary. The Atlanta Sun, of yesterday, says : A Point Gained by which the City Saves $100,000.—In I SCO a man by the name of Hood was arrested in this city by the police for some violation of the city code, and placed in the Cal aboose. At the same time a Federal soldier was confined in the same cell, also for a violation of city law. Some time during the night the sol dier proceeded to thrash Hoed, and in the fight which ensued, the latter bad an eye severely in jured, and he soon after instituted suit against the Mayor and Council of Atlanta for damages sustained while a prisoner, and, of course, un der the protection of the city authorities. He plaoed his damages at $5,000. Yesterday the question came up in the Superior Court, and after some argument upon a demurrer entered by city Attorney] Newman, Judge Hopkins de cided that the city was not liable for damages in cases of this sort. In other words, police men transoended the bounds of duty on their own responsibility, .haati afic-.r-. I aetttruqoa Izgei 0 jSoaovJ esqc as ,:r osca a According to this decision the city'is relieved of suits for damages amounting, in. the aggre gate. to nearlw$100,000, mostly brought by in- diyHoals whoSaye been misused by policemen iu wresting fh4m. We learn that General Gartrell will carry the case to fhie Supreme Court. U c: :. v. , :~r ' ~ -d Those nilroad convicts of Grant, Alexander k Co. are terrible fellows... It takes three At lanta policemen tcncaptore one.of them. \.,T ? We clip the> following from-the MonroA Ad vertiser of yesterday: vhB .r yr.-'-xtu;-." . Has vest.—The farmers of thia.county began Cutting wheat yesterday; and yield ia much better than was anticipated a month ago. There wac but a small era sown last fall, yet, with the unfavorable seasons, tbe small'crop will pay far better than the same land in cotton, snd with a large saving of labor and other necessary ex penses of cultivation. Dissensions in the Radical Camp.—It is rumored that two of the faithful, who have hitherto laid some claim to respectability, pro pose to escape the odium of their principles by erasing their names from the bond given by the Sheriff of .the county. We 'suggest that the breaoh might be healed by a division of the spoils. However, it ianot our funeral.’ The Colobed Schools.—The representative from this county in the last Legislature,' who is bare footed on top of the head, is now engaged in the effort to break up the colored echoed, and all because “Hr. Tucker,” the principal, is not a noisy Radical. Tucker has been here for several months, and, so far as we know,' has given very general satisfaction 1 to his patrons; and, at the same time, won the respect of the white people by unobtrusive conduct. Indeed, some of his pupils, from sixty to seventy years of age, whom he has flogged frequently, think him a model teacher, and will continue his pat rons. But George is evidently bent on strife, and proposes to run counter and open another schooL Cloyeb vs. Cotton.—Col. A. D. Hammond has a patch of red clover which he is now har vesting, that will average five feet, and pay more this year than the same ground would yield in cotton in three years. It is the third crop of the sowing of 1SG9, and will doubtless yield five more good crops before it will require re sowing. T - ' ' If our farmers would be wise, they could soon become creditors instead of debtors of the North and West. •Our Savannah friends are having a very car nival of sport at this time. .The first anniver sary of the Regatta Association of. Georgia, be gan on Tuesday tho 30th inst., with a grand en try of sail boats,' starting from the front of Hov er’s bath houso at Montgomery, and running seven miles towards Ossabaw Island, andretutn. The Republican reports the following entries for the day: . -i.'.: .... “May Forrest,” sloop, entered by Thomas W. McNish—eighteen feet long. Signal—a white field and Maltese cross. “Minnie,” sloop, entered by M. M. Bellisarie -twenty-one feet long. Swallow fork penant, white field and red stripe. , “Isondiga,” sloop, entered by H. K. Wash burn—twenty-one feet long. “St. George;” sloop, entered by Phillip ^Hart ley— eighteen feet six inches long.' Burgee, with white ground and St. George cross. : “Avon,” schooner,, entered by R. B. Haber sham—twenty-four feet six inches long. Blue with white H. ' “Anna,” sloop, cat rigged, entered byJ. A. Simmons—sixteen feet eight inches tong. Swal low fork, blue and white cresent. Letter L. “Rainbow,” sloop, cat rigged, entered by Julian Myers—thirty-two feet long. “Otelia,” sloop, cat rigged, entered by F. M. Cox—twenty-three feet six inches long. “Carrie,” sloop, entered by D. McAlpin. “Little Polly,” sloop, entered by T. Ark wright. ‘‘Georgia,” sloop, ontered byL. McLain. “Eleanor,” sloop, entered by W. Barnwell. “Hope,” entered by Mr. Buckingham—length twenty-six feet. Of the above Charleston sends two beautiful crafts which have been universally admired upon river, the “Otelia" and the “Eleanor,” which, if they do not make a fair show of their sailing qualities, will deceive a number of boat- ists and experienced yachtmen who have passed favorable judgment' upon them. They are fine specimens of architecture and are manned by a crew that know a thing or two abont salt water. - . j • tut*. puiZZS ■ v for tho first day’s races are as follows: r . First class ....-..$125 Second class ;.... 100 Third class 100 Fourth class 100 Fifth class..... i... 75 Doubtless the attendance of. visitors will be large. • • ... ■ » .:. ; •; Rain on the seaboard at last. , - Strange to say this portion of the State has been suffering from a drought of several weeks’ duration. The-, crops wero revived, however, by a copious shower, tho Republican says, be tween midnight and dawn of Monday. On Monday, a negro, in crossing the railroad bridge near 'White Bluff, fell through and was drowned. - r. Other accidents and ugly scrapes are also re ported in the Forest City. See the following from the same paper: —- -ot ' . Extbaobdinaex Gymnastics. — While the steamer Ajax was shoving off from her wharf yesterday morning about eight o’clock, to take a colored excursion party to Beaufort, a negro, who was afraid of being left behind, ran aboard the Yirgo and jumped from her rail upon the awning of the Ajax—dashed clear through it, and landed upon the heads of .the assembled darkies below. We did not learn that any heads were broken, nor whether the daring individual paid for the damage to the awning. Accident.—Yesterday morning a youDg boy named Lacey discovered a rabbit in a tree near the Bay light. He ascended the tree for theJ purpose of capturing (he animal, but descended very quickly when the limb gave way upon whioh he had stretched himself. He was at once taken home and remedies applied, Abduction.—Without going Into details, we may state that a young girl named Murphy, aged about six years, was abducted by certain individuals and carried to New York on one of the steamships which sailed last Saturday. En- ergetio efforts are being made to recover the lost one, which we trust will prove successful. EOBECASTIKG THE SEASONS. What Amount of Bain we tuny Anticipate Before Fall. Tbe Southern Fann & Home, Cultivator, Rand Carolinian and other agricultural period-; icals, print a letter of Frof. Barnwell, of the University of Georgia, “on the possibility of forecasting the seasons.?. This it is proposed to do on the doctrine of general average. . Thus the Professor shows that in the four seas’ons be ginning with the autumn' of 1868 . and eziding with the summer of. :1869, the aggregate fall of rain was 46.755 inches. For the year beginning Autumn, I860, and ending with Summer, 1870, the rain* fall was 43.304 inches—or say a little more than an inch and a quarter less. For the two seasons of Autumn, 1870, and Winter 1870-1, it was 18.848 inches. > > astutt j Comparing the registry of these two seasons with corresponding periods of the two previous pluvial years,We have this exhibit: Bain fall in Autumn pf 1863 and Winter of 1868-9,27.030 inches; do; In autumn' 1869 and winter of 1868-70, 21.045 ; • doi : in' Autumn 1870: and and Winter 1870 and’71; 17.848 inches,or 9.142 inches less than in 1868-9, arid 3.197 indies less than the Autumn and Winter of last year. Professor Barnwell, writing as long ago as 7th April, could not bring his reports by seasons later than last Winter. We, however, give the rainfall in March, whioh was 4.385 inches, "and Mr. Boardman, in Maoon, has furnished us with the rain fall in April, whioh was 5.580, or 6.965 for the months, Which is a good deal above tho average; and it is probable that the rain of May, whioh expired yesterday, will also be slightly above the average; Bnt still the whole season will not exceed the rain fall of the Spring of 1860, whieh was 13.861, but it win go ahead of last year, which was 11.086,'probably by about two inohes, and still leave us with about seven inches average compared with 1869, and one or more a3 compared with 1870. Upon the facts at the time of writing, (April 7) the Professor predicted an exoessiyely wet summer, unless the three ,inohe3 of arrearage then due should fall in' April and May. April, we have seen, was very wet, whiTe.May-Tygs'only moderately so. The arrearage has .not been quite made up, and upon his hypothesis we may expect moderately seasonable weather—perhaps inclining to wet. Arranging Ms table for com parison, and supplying May r I860, bjr conjec ture, wosee how. the seasons run:- ... • ' , ' 1868-9.' 1869-60. Autumn ..12.122 8.435 Winter..... 14.908 12.614 Spring 13 861 11.086 Bummer 5.844 Look at these figures for Autumn in the last two columns, and see how it happened that such big cotton crop3 were made ,and gathered. There was an average of more than a third less rain than was due at the season.; Greeley on Over Production or Cot ton. Bfflfcoite . Mr. Greeley, in his late Address at the Hous ton Agricultural Fair, says: - ; I am not young, as you see; yet I cannot re member a time when the South did hot affirm and deplore an excessive addiction of hCr peo ple to cotton. That eminent scholar and states man, Huge S. Legare, alluded to it as a vener able grievance, thirty odd years ago. Before as well as since, every one remonstrated with every one against tho iatnify which impelled Southrons to plant so much cotton, exhorted all to retrench and reform, and then slid away to plant a few more acres than ever before. For generations, it was reiterated as an axiom that cotton culture depended on slavery; yet slavery is dead, and we proddoed nearly one million tuns of cotton in 1870—morG than in any former year, with the exception of 1859 and I860. Yet, in this year of grace, 1871, we have the old ory from millions’. of throats—“Plant less cotton !” —and I presume with the old result. The army- worm, the boll-worm, may diminish the cotton crop; expostulation, I judge, will not. I know know no mere striking illustration of what St Paul terms “the foolishness of preaching’.’ than- this incessant yet fruitless clamor against grow ing so much cotton. Doubtless tbe remonstrants are right, as re monstrants are apt to be. But, after two gen erations of inoessant deprecation, the passion for cotton planting seems as intense and per vading as ever. The owner .of 1 a thousand ara ble acres, after hearing all that . IS to be said againBt it, plants almost exclusively cotton. The poorest negro, who owns and rents a dozen acres, puts iu Ms field of cotton, and takes Ms chance for bread. He has endured less preach ing on the snbjeot than his old master; but, had he been lectured from infancy : on the madness of cotton planting, he wonld have planted all the samff. ’• .. And this for a most obvious reason. Cotton is money, and money is power. Cotton is of suoh moderate bulk in proportion to its valueihat it bears transportation far better than wheat, corn, or fruit, or vegetables. It endures tropic suns and arotic frosts without injury; it neither molds, nor rots, nor rusts, nor pntrifles. -He who ha* cotton to sell does not quake at the footsteps, of the tax-gatherer, and can generally look .the sheriff square in the face. .. Presbyterian General Assembly.- i'be As sembly was engaged, this momims M discuss ing the report of the Committe* on Education, appointed by the last Assemble on the proposi tion to found a Presbyterian University under the control of tb*- General Assembly. A great many amcn*nents were offered to the plan proposed »y the Committee, and elicited a great deal at discussion, in which the speakers ex hibited very diverse views. Some of them were utterly opposed to founding a university at all, as not within the scope of the objects and pow ers of the General Assembly; some were op posed to it because it wonld interfere with the prosperity of other eduoational interests belong ing to the Church; some dissented from the committee’s plan* Finally, it was agreed that a Board of Trustees appointed by the Assembly, should be authorized to receive donations for a ftO'J From tbe Good Uorda for May! unc Summer Song in the City. utx •sn. os- university, and the further consideration of a specifto plan for the establishment of a univer- ( sity was postponed till the next meeting of the The News also reports tha following collision ! General Assembly in Biohmond. Wo had not of boats: The “Anonyma” and the “Alice "WMte,” while practicing in the river yesterday after noon, collided near the Exchange Dock, the bow of the “Anonyma" striking the “Alice 'White” abont amidanip, carried away one of the outriggers and striking Mr. Geo. Schley in the left side,.cutting a gash about four orfive inches long, and bruising Mm badly. Also striking Mr. Hal ScMey in the baok, and Mr. George Haines upon the leg. Mr. ScMey, tMnking the boat would fill with water, jumped into the “Anonyma,” and was carried to the boat-b*“f e of the “Forest City Boat Club,” where all the boats that were near assembled. Schley, McF&rland and Dnccan vtg** b °oii ia attend- once, and Mr. Schley w*« brought to this side of the river and cai»4®ff home. Wo hope the injuries received aro not of a serious nature, and that he v™ be abIe to witness if not par ticipate in races. Colonel Thweatt.—A note to the senior from Colonel P. Thweatt acquaints us with the fact that he has transferred Ms residence to Atlanta. Colonel Thweatt, we lears, ln event of the election of a Comptroller General, will be • candidate for that office, wMch he formerly Bun's Magazine yob u® Gram.—The June number of tM> eapited monthly was out yesterday. T** 11184 paper is No. 1 of a series upon CM*® 60 : ** History-illustrated. The Yon-g Explorers or Boy Life iu Texas is con tinued, Port second of Mary Faith Floyd’s story, the Spectre of Eaglet Cliff,-, is com menced. Pictures from Froissart, by Paul H. Hayne, illustrated, are represented by number ten of the series. The Habits of Ants—Fire side Amusements—Walter’s Holidays—Sowing and' Heaping—Little -Effie—the ./Tableau of Seven Days—The Three Giants—Black Lead Pencils—and the usual Editorial Departments, maltn up a .lively table of contents. This peri odical should Aud its way Into every Southern -family musical with the voices and sports of children. Send, two dollara to J. W. Burke & Go., and get it.: ■ -- The first record of paper money is found in held with entire satisfaction to the public and the scriptural account of the dove’s bringing the much to tbeflnterest of the people. ~ green back to Noah in the ark. rrr - • | : ,-roia0 airpafc Xefe** =-•*- ***“ 9dt ^^ the pleasure of listening to the debate, but leam that it was conducted with much spirit p* 1 ability, as might be expected from so aj'*’ a °d learned a hodj.—HunttviUe fltwsi™ 1 * eoeebt bcchanan. This is the time of fresh winds blowing;' ~ i . . A And cuckoo-call* and heather-bells; This is the time when streams are flowing . Down the green mist of dreamy dells: Pcesy, O, Poesy, i c: Stay m London lanes trithme.^3: - In tha deep valley spring winds hoverj I £5fc|;; Shalcing tha daw from thwr rffl haft* • % Beyond the.cool shade of the lover,. ....' The mower eweatawith sleepy stare:' •“ ,v * J • •.!. Color and and sweet meloay.ir Filla tha forest greenery. , J£ .. < c i The mavis sings, ‘Toung lover, lover, ; Be quick, be quick—kiea eweet, kias tweet.” The young love breathes as sweet' as clover: - ' The old love hangs like ripen’d wheat— Misery. O Misery! Doeat thou listen ? canst thou see ? .lo .The soent of summer floateth hither, : 'a . ..Into tha dull streeta’whitening blaze; The white clouds part, and eyealook thither, From thirsty lanes and weary ways: j,. Charity, O Charity 1 , ~ , Scatter thy bright seed fearlessly. Nor shady bowers, nor summer gold, Pleasure the souls that lie so deep: Only the beggar is less cold, ’■ 7 ax: And feels a drowsier thirst for sleep:: Poesy, O Poesy!. - ' • Whisper eweet to Buch as he. OJ .-•• . :: . • : ■ ■ : When with the grain, all England quivers, When nuts grow milky, wheat ears burst— : ? .When dearly sparkle all the rivers;’ ■ - r ir Ah, tobe hungry and athirat! , Water and bread, O charity, Bring to poor humanity. • Dark is the poor one’s hearth and lonely, He would not learn he would hot know;' He deaves tflb blessed wheat bread only, Not the sweet light that makes it grow. Fruit of the forbidden tree !W Were but aour to misery! •:.<> «: a Now all the days are ricli with beauty, And other angele roam elsewhere, ' c " . 0 Poesy, here lies thy duty, - ru mor In darker days and fouler air— r ..',. . Poesy, O Poesy! Fold tby wings and do not fled. While all the plains are heavy laden, r.;n. Andricher grows tho ripening ear; Pause in tby place, Q heavenly Maiden! ... Gather thy harvest with no fear— -'Letotherangelswanderfree,' S»7 thou Amen to .Charity! *• •; . ,' S ‘®P Fulling Fodder. What, then, are we to do, if wo don’t pull fodder? Oar horooo And naulea moist Jhavs for age, and then there ia no other forage as good as corn fodder. Both remarks are true. We must have forage, and com' fodder is more rel ished than any other forage. But then it may be too expensive tp be used to profit. Canvass- back ducks and champagne make a very agree able dinner, but they are beyond the reach of mostpuraes. 1 1 1. One of, the great, objects of the Southern farmer should bo to save labor. Fodder pulling is among the most laborious and thankless op erations of the farm. Few persons have re- fleeted that, in the process of pulling and sav ing fodder, every blade or leaf on the com stalks in a field of one hundred or several hun dred acres is handled' by the fodder-pullers—a process how tedious and expensive. It is our belief that one dollar per hundred pounds, or twenty dollars per ton, will not cover tho first cost of pulling and saving fodder. Under the old system, when negro women were as useful in fodder pulling as men, the expense was tol erable; with our present-inferior hired labor, itis simply intolerable.: Added to the expense, it should be remembered that accurate experi ments have proved that the los3 in weight to tho com is quite equal to the value of the fod der pulled and saved. <• . What are the substitutes? If a farmer haa a meadow of plover, timothy, herd’s gross, or bet ter, than all, lucerne, the answer is very easy. A good mower will cut eight to ten acres of grass in si day. With a good horse hay rake and hay tedder, the process of saving hay is greatly econ omized so mnoh so that hay can be sold at a. moderate profit at ten dollars per ton. Bnt where there are no artificial meadows crab grass can be inade a very fair substitute. Take a pieoe of ground that was in stubble l*d year, and therefore.well filled with crab s* 038 seeds. Manure it heavily with nitrogenoas, not phosphatic, manures. Plow; them in, not deeply. Let the ground remain in this condit“ n > 80 88 to allow the first crop of weeds to ^ ri ng up. When they have fairly shown thj-^ 6 ” 08 ! P‘ ow them in. harrow the ground.-* 110 make it per fectly smooth with the rol 1,r - H is genearally believed that the ; ind)' of S 1 * 53 nearest the ground is tho most noifitous part of the plant. Cut the grass as soo 1 aa ® 1810 flower, save it with care, and the* 8130 * bestowed will be abun dantly repaid. ... Another suW titul ° * or fndder, and not one- half as expe’rive, is drilled com to be cut and cured. M* 8 ® the neeessary quantity of ground very rich ^th nitrogenous manures, Break it up deepy aod thoroughly. Lay it off iu rows three *>et apart, sow three bushels of com to the affe, and keep it dean by subsequent culti vation. Whenthe com is in tassel, cut itdown, leaving at proper intervals a standing stalk. If the weaker be good, let it cure on the ground for achy. Then stack it around the stalks left standing: making the little stacks not larger than oca i» clasped around by the arms of a man at about tbe height of Ms shouldera. -Bind .the stackwith one of the stalks. If the weather haa beei bad, it may be necessary to open these ghtoks to dry. Let the stacks remain until the stalks and loaves are well cured, and then haul them into the bam or to the larger stack where they are to remain. In this way an immense amount of excellent forage can be save from an acre of land. A good straw cutter will, howev er, be absolutely necessary, in order to dispose of it profitably. iC Still another substitute is a crop of peas broad cast, if the land be heavily manured; if not, drilled in rows three feet apart, and plowed twice. The vines shonldbe cut when a portion of the peas have begun to ripen. They should cure for a day on the ground, and then be put iu cocks about five feet high, and &3 small in circumference as they can be made to allow them to stand up well. The air can then pass readily through them, and both leaves and st-* 113 will be ccred of a nice color. If too r» a °b ex - posed to the sun, the leaves will wit Jidr and fall off, and only the stems be left. rot mules, cat tle and sheep, Dea vine W 18 ao admirable forage. - t.. An excellent re' 1 -* 066 ioT winter feed, in the absence of w“* er grasses, is oats sowed early, say the l~ ,f working of cotton. There are two kinruof winter oats which we have seen. One m called the Grazing oat, and the other the Bonner oat. Both stand the winter well, and afford excellent fall and winter pasturage. The grazing does not injure the oat crop. Aside from winter grasses, oats or rye or barley (where the land is rich enough) is perhaps the cheapest form of wintering stock wMchisnot worked—for them, we must have forage. We conclude as we began. Stop pulling fod- dea and adopt either of the above substitutes, by wMch a saving of labor and money will be effected.—The Plantation. Some Carious Resalts or Tornadom Noted by a Core ml Observer. From the Columbus (8. O.) Union, May 20.) J The frequency of tornadoes throughout tbe South this year renders, anything concerning their peculiar freaks pf-mom. than, ordinary in terest. Hardly a week has passed eince the breaking up ofthe Winter in wMch several have not Been chronicled, more or less disastrous to Hfe, and always destructive to: property. Georgia and Tennessee have been,most fra- qaentiy.visited, but other States have had all they desire of these peculiar visits. The properties of tornadoes are riot satisfac torily accounted for by scientific J men. Ia tire summer 01.1864 :wo watched, one of the mon sters—for they can be designated by no other terms—from its first appearance, near the mouth of Wycomico river, on the Virginia shore, from whioh point it connected with a water-spoefc, lemming. , the shape of an hour glass, which finally crossed toward Point Look out, on the Maryland side. After traveling about eight iriil6ir thrigunboats destroyed toe water-spout by firing several shells into 4t, when the tornado,. with lightning - velocity, shot up nearly an eighth of a mile, after which it pursued a zigzag course, striking first near the shore, destroying several huge com missary buildings as if they'were made of straw, ard severely wounding many men. It then agjdtt Bhot up in the air, the next descent striking in.the midst,of a dozen hospitals stand ing very closely together, and filled, with one exception, with wounded Confederate soldiers. Singularly, the ; nnt>ccnpled building was taken up by the tornado as dean as if moved from toe spot in the usual manner, and in its course up again, was carried far cut of sight into the bay, leaving no trace of the wreck beMnd. On this occasion one spike was picked up by the wind, from among * number which lay upon the wharf, and was. carried a distance of fifty yards and then deeply lodged in tho shoulder of a guard on duty, inflicting a serious wound. Ip 1807, we watched the course of one of these tornadoes in Georgetown county, In this State. After twisting down and:, uprooting a large number of the hugs oaks wMch formed the avenue on the plantation, some of’wMdh were carried long distances, killing cattle and wounding tbe plantation hands, it shot out into the open field, and struck a.trim looking oak of about afoot in diameter,, that stood, by itself, and entirely exposed to the fury of the.blast- After the occurrence we examined this oak, and although it had not been started from its roots, nor had it tost a.branch, even to the smallest, the. bark was completely , taken off from toe whole tree, even to the smallest of the twigs, as clean as if done by mechanical Boabd or Education.—The next meeting bf the Bibb County Board of Education will be held next Tuesday, and at that time it is hoped that toe Board will be advised of the action of toe county authorities In respect to imposing a county educational tax and be able to adapt their own action to the situation. We hope to see a full meeting of the Board. Judge Wsl F. Wilbuen, an old and worthy citizen of tMs oounty, died very suddenly of heart disease last Tuesday night He had beep laboring under the disorder for some time, bnt daring the night Ms wife being aroused by Ms struggles had not. time to strike a light before he had passed away. - ',; ' | * Tbe Democratic Revolution In Ohio. Correspondence of the SunJ0 rovc-at-g ... sn Cincinnati, May 23.—It is no secret jn toe inside political circles here that Yallandigbam was not the first author of the new departure of the OMo Democracy. Wafch. McLean, of the Enquirer undoubtedly had a hand in it Mo- Lean, who is tho shrewdest of Mt . Western Democratic managers, knows better than any body else that the hopes of his handsome young friend, George Pendleton, are blasted, and .that Young Greenbacks has ; no more chance at toe Presidency than he has of going to heaven in a hand basket. And Wash, isn’t the tnnn to put up his stake on a loaiDg nag. Mr. Yallandig- ham was selected to open toe ball,'becauseTat is endowed with enough clear grit to make no half-way work of it; and, in the next place, be cause if there bo any man in tho State who can lead the irreconoilables of tbe hoop-po’e dis tricts to accept the situation; if ia he. .. '. > The result shows that the right man was se lected to make the break. The Democracy throughout tho State, so far as he»rd from, ac quiesce in the new departure. The anti-Grant Republicans, who number thousands hereabout, hail the movement with andisgnised safisfito- tiomRitid horijJAWi urawan 1 ■ The success of Valkndigham’s movement means the nomination cf the Hon. Wm. 8. Groesbaok for soverridr. The vote of Homll- ton county (Cincinnati and suburbs) will decide the State election, and Mr. Groesbaok can carry this county against either Wade or Noyes, for he get a large Republican vote from those t/Co are sick of Grant’s regime and of a dishon est Administration, whose : dishonesty is only exceeded by its stupidity. As am indication of the drift of ^affairs, it is noteworthy that the “Central Republicans,” almost to a man, are openly for Groesbeek.. They trust Mm when he save that the constitutional amendments are a finality, and none in this city question that ha makes that declaration in good faith. The Cen trals are fdr-' him for Governor first, and then for the Presidency. ... - tntrO The Labor Problem—A New and El- feetnal Plan to Secure Help. From thoMt. Sterling-(Ky.) Sentinel. J General John Si Williams, of “Oerro Gordo” notoriety, and who distinguished himself in the Confederate army in the late war, is now largely engaged in farming near Mb Sterling. He in forms us that l&styear.he had great difficulty in procuring settled and reliable labor from toe negroes in his employ. This year he has liit upon a happy plan, ana no longer has any trouble. He has several families of, negroes living on his farm, the heads of whioh are en gaged in the crop. He has erected upon his place a large and commodious school-house. The negroes have employed a colored teacher, whom the General pays monthly oat of too wages of the parents. Abont forty children sure in daily attendance at the school, and many of them, the General informs us, are apt to learn and are making good progress. The teacher is a tolerable scholar, and governs his charge well. On Sundays, instead of fishing, and hunting, and idling, the parents gather up their ohildren and repair to the school-house where a Sunday- school is taught, all taking part in the exercises, and occasionally the Rev. Mr. Team, the Epis copal minister, goes on Sunday afternoons, and talks to toe quiet, orderly and well-behaved little congregation. The General says that he now has no trouble to secure labor; the negroes with Lim work well arid are content. Indeed, ho has been thronged with applicants who desire to live on his tssm, that they may have the bene fits of education for their children. ji would be well for those engaged to any ex rent in fanning to bit upon similar expedients. The negro is part of the population, and we should, as far as practicable^ aidithemin their endeavors to secure stready work, and to school their cMldren. Such conduct will promote toe •best interests of both races. The CMcago correspondent of the Louisville Daily Ledger, iu alluding to the proceedings of the Baptist anniversaries held at Chicago, says: Tho session of the Baptist Home Missionary Society this afternoon, was very stirring. It wad opened by D. Fuller Barton, whose remarks in reference to toe education of toe freedmen of Richmond implied strong opposition to the efforts to educate negroes, and denounced them as unsuccessful and'wrongly directed and con ducted. • ! - Dr. Tiohenor, of Memphis, followed in an ex cited speech. He took the ground that the ac tion of the Executive Committee in- founding schools for freedmen would injure toe negroes, they having been so long in servitude that they were not prepared for God’s purposes. They were not developed sufficiently to sustain the pressure of education. Moral development must come before intellectual education. Without this, Christian principles are bad for all men. [Hisses throughout toe house.] Dr. Fish, of Brooklyn, rose to a point of order; every man, he thought, had a right to express Ms opfnfon. Dr. Uchenor then resumed. He had no idea, he said, that Ms words would cause suoh anger. Neither hisses nor bayonets ever turned & man from his convictions, if he was a man in heart andsouL A female in the gallery here cried onti ^Ure wisdom of man is foolishness without God.” Dr. Tiohenor said that ha bad a tlgh respect for the ladles, and as rtiey seemed to take the field, he would retire. . Dr. Penieocst, of Brooklyn, asked if Northern teachers were ostracised ia the Sonth. Dr. Burroughs said they were not