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8
YOUTHS’ DEPARTMENT*
Charade.
My first is in general favor,
Os many kinds and various flavor;
To find my second pick up a book,
Or on the keys of your piano look;
My third is a leaf that comes from abroad,
Gathered, and dried, then, strange to say, poured.
Os my whole I can certainly say.
To have it and keep it you have only to pray.
Answer next week.
Torisdale, near rhiladelphia, 1868.
ENIGMA—No. 44.
I am composed of 27 letters :
My 25, 12, 11, 24, IG, 19, 8, 16, was
a celebrated Theban Prophet.
My 9,2, 7, 21, 23, 4, 13, was a Celes
tial Deity.
My 5, 27, 18, is a river in Italy.
My 26, 22, 12, 17, 3, G, was a son of
Neptune. .
My 20, 15, 14,10, was a Terrestrial
Deity. *
My 9,5, 1, 19, is a religious sect of
Persia #
My whole is the name of a cclebiated
Priest of the Catholic Church.
J. 11. F.
Answer next week.
GEOGRAPHICAL ENIGMA—No. 45.
ACROSTICAL.
I am composed of 14 letters:
My 1,2, 2, is a lake in Ireland.
My 2,9, 4,2, 14, is a town in Han
over, . .
My 3,2, 3,8, 12, is a city in Switz
erland.
My 4,2, 8,4, is a gulf of Asia.
My 5,7, 11, 8, 14, is an island off
the northwest coast of Ireland.
My 6,2, 7, 14, is the capital of a Re
public of Europe.
My 7,2, 4, is a sea east of Africa.
Mv 8,4, 2, 14, is a gulf of Africa
My 9,8, 14, is an island in the Irish
Sea.
My 10, 2, 14, 14, 2, is a city m
Soudan.
My 11, 8,3, 2,2, is a river of Asia.
My 12, 13, 14, 8, is a river in
Siberia.
My 13, 3,8, is a city of the Bur
mese Empire.
My 14, 2,3, 8,4, is a Territory of
the United States. *
My whole is one of A irginia s most
gifted sons. Mary.
Answer next week.
St. Joseph’s Acadermj, Columbus, Ga., 1868.
REBUS.
If the B nit put:
If the B . putting:
1 U. A. P.
Answer next week.
Augusta, Ga., 1868.
Answers to Last Week’s Enigmas,
To Enigma No. 42.—Bingham School—
Malo—Sibi —Alba—-Longa--Homo —
Cano.
To Enigma No. 43.—“A Stitch in
Time saves Nine”—Titian—ltasca —Lever
—Minnie—Him —Savannah.
To First Poetical Charade —Con-tent.
To Second Poetical Charade —0 B
D N N (Obedience.)
-#-•
Answers by Correspondents.—Cob
bie Hood, Cuthbert, Ga., to Enigma No.
39 ; J. P. M., Atlanta, Ga., to Nos. 36, 39,
40, and 41; H. N. H., Selma, Ala., to
Nos. 39, 40, and 41; E. 0., Osyka, Miss.,
to No. 37 ; Fuller’s Court, Montgomery,
Ala., to Conundrum in No. 21; M.E.F.
C., Savannah, Ga., to Enigma No. 36;
G. B. P., Savannah, Ga., to Nos. 36 and
37 ; “ Devil of the Stanford (Ky.) Ban
nerT to No. 37 ; J. P. Y., Atlanta, Ga.-
to Nos. 39, 40, and 41 ; IJ. A. P., An,
gusta, Ga., to Nos. 40, 41, and 42.
[Prepared for the Banner of the South by Uncle Buddy.]
FAMILIAR SCIENCE.
HEAT —CONTINUED.
Hot tea and broth are cooled faster
by being stirred : Ist, Because the agi
tation assists in bringing its hottest par
ticles to the surface ; 2d, The action of
stirring agitates the air and brings it
more quickly to the broth or tea; and
3d, As the hotter particles are more rap
idly brought into contact with the air,
therefore convection is more rapid. Blow
ing tea or broth cools it on the same prin
ciple.
If a shutter be closed during the day,
the stream of light piercing through the
crevice, seems in constant agitation. This
is because little motes, or particles of
dust, thrown into agitation by the vio
lence of the convective currents, are
made visible by the strong beam of light
thrown into the room through the crevice
of the shutter.
When potatoes are boiled, those at the
top cook sooner than those near ‘the fire,
because: Ist, The hottest particles of the
water rise to the top of the boiler, and
the coldest particles sink to the bottom ;
and 2d, The top of the boiler is always
enveloped with very hot escaping steam,
in consequence of which the potatoes are
subjected to more intense heat than those
at the bottom of the boiler.
Milk boils more quickly than water,
because it is a thicker liquid, and, conse
quently, less steam escapes through the
milk than the water; therefore, the beat of
the whole mass of the milk rises more quick
ly. Another reason is that as soon as the
milk becomes heated, a thin skin forms
over the surface ot the milk, which pre
vents the escape of the steam, and, there
fore, heats the mass of the milk more
quickly.
CHANGE OF STATE.
By change of state, we mean that change
which a substance undergoes on expo
sure to heat. Thus, cold water may be
made to boil ; or, if the temperature be
'reduced, to freeze. Some solid substances,
such as wax, or metal, change their state
and liquify by heat.
Melted wax becomes hard when cold,
because the particles collapse, and, being
more closely packed together form a
solid.
The difference between a liquid and a
solid is this: In a solid the particles
adhere more closely than in a liquid. The
tendency of heat is to drive particles of
matter asunder; it thus liquifies solids by
separating the particles ot which they
are composed.
Hot iron will bend more easily than
cold, because it is not so solid. r lhe par
ticles are driven farther apart by heat,
and the attraction of cohesion is thereby
weakened; therefore, the particles can
be made to move on each more readily.
The effect of a greater application of
heat would he that the particles would
driven so far asunder as to cause
the iron to liquify, in which state
the particles move among each other with
but little resistance.
Some substances are solid, other liquid,
and other gaseous, because the particles
which compose some substances are nearer
together than they are in others. Those
in which the particles are closest, are
solid; those in which they are farthest
apart are gaseous ; and the rest are liquid.
Heat changes a solid, like ice, first,
into a liquid, and then into a gas, be
cause heat drives the component parts
farther asunder ; hence, a certain quanti
ty of heat changes solid ice into a liquid,
and a further addition of heat changes
the li mid into steam.
Steam is invisible ; but when it comes
in contact with the air, being condensed
into small drops, its vapor instantly be
comes visible.
You know that steam is invisible, by
looking at the spout of a boiling kettle ;
there you will find that the steam which
issues from the spout is invisible for about
half an inch ; after which its vapor be
comes visible.
Steam is invisible for this distance be
cause it is not condensed by the air as it
issues from the spout; but when it
spreads, and comes in contact with a large
volume of air, the invisible steam is readi
ly condensed into visible drops.
Steam engines burst, or blow up, be
cause steam is very elastic ; and this
elasticity increases in a greater propor
tion than the heat which produces it;
unless, therefore, some vent be ireely.al
lowed, steam will burst the vessel which
confines it.
LATENT HEAT.
Steam burns so much more severely
than boiling water, because it condenses
as soon as it is exposed to the coid, and
gives out all the heat by which it was
produced ; therefore, as one thousand de
grees of heat become latent in steam, it
gives out that amount when condensed,
which is much greater than the heat ot
boiling water.
There is heat even in it is
latent—that is, not perceptible to our
senses.
Latent is derived from the Latin word
lateo, to lie hid.
If you cannot perceive heat in ice, you
can, nevertheless, know that it exists,
because the temperature of ice is 32 de
grees by the thermometer ; hut if ice he
melted over a fire (although 140 degrees
of heat, are absorbed by the process,) it
will feel no hotter than octore. ihe 140 de
crees of heat, which went into the ice to
melt it, is hidden in the water, or, to speak
more scientifically, it is stoied up in a
latent state. All things contain a vast
quantity of latent beat, but as much as
1,140 degrees of heat may remaiu latent
in water. This amount ol heat can be
added to water without being perceptible
to our feelings, thus : Ist, 140 degiees of
heat are hidden in water when ice is
melted by the sun, oi fiic ; ~d, 1,000
more degrees ot heat are sccictcd when
water is* converted into steam. Thus,
before ice is converted into steam 1,140
degrees of beat become latent.
One pint of boiling water,(2l2 deg. ac
cordin'*- to the thermometer,) will make
eighteen hundred pints of steam ; but the
Mißsi ©I fii Mnim
steam is no hotter to the touch than boil
ing water ; both are 212 deg ; therefore,
when water is converted into steam, 1,000
degrees of heat become latent. Hence,
before ice is converted into steam, it must
contain 1,140 degrees of latent heat.
Cold water poured on lime makes it
intensely hot, because heat is evolved by
the chemical action which takes place
when the cold water combines with the
lime.
Heat is always evolved when a lluid is
converted into a solid form. Heat is
always absorbed when a solid ie changed
into a liquid state. As the water is
changed from its liquid form when it is
taken up by the lime, therefore heat is
given off. This heat was in the water
and lime before, but it was in a latent
state. It was in the cold water and lime
before they were mixed, for all bodies
contain heat—the coldest ice as well as
the hottest fire.
As, for illustration : water is cold and
sulphuric acid is cold: but if these two
cold liquids be mixed together, they will
produce intense heat.
EBULLITION.
Ebullition, or boiling, is occasioned by
the formation of bubbles of vapor within
the body of the evaporating liquid, which,
by reason of their lightness, rise to the
surface, and then break. The boiling
point occurs in different liquids at very
different temperatures. By the boiling
point, is meant the temperature at which
liquids become gaseous.
Milk boils over more readily than
water, because the steam is retained in
the boiling milk by a thick skin or
scum, which forms on the surface. The
accumulation of steam finally bursts this
scum, and, in its escape, carries with it
the boiling milk.
Water simmers before it boils, because
the particles of water near the bottom of
the kettle being formed into steam sooner
than the rest, shoot upward, but are con
densed again, as they rise, by the cold
water, and produce what is called “sim
mering.”
O
IMAGINATION,
BY MRS. SARAH 11. MAXWELL.
[concluded ]
But let us look within her low-roofed
chamber, that seemed to shut her in too
closely from this world’s bright and fas
cinating stag-e.
Why is it, that she is so pale ? Feel-,
ing has written its lines in legible char
acters upon her whole appearance.
Her form, once lithe and round, is
attenuated; and sharp lines manifest
themselves. Her hands, which were
once beautiful, and always moved with
grace, were now shrunken and transpa
rent; they moved sluggishly, or were
folded in her lap. Her features had be
come sharp and set, ‘and her large, full,
dark eyes, were the speaking index of
her soul.
Is it possible that Annie, the gay, the
laughing, the glad Annie, was the victim
of despair ?
Watch, and you will see her, in ten
days, on a bed of death, self immolated,
by an irresistible destiny.
"ilcr parents, brothers and sisters, and
friends, stand around her; but no sound
passes her lips. Her mind and her body
have passed away from their reach. All
they can do is to look down into those
larae, quiet eyes, and feel that she is at
peace with her God, and that she is going
where the “wicked cease from troubling,
and the weary are at rest ”
How strange it seemed, then, that she
should be here, engaging in the games
and romps of her school-day hours,
bringing the past again before the mind,
and adding another item to the lessons of
the imagination.
“Were these your happiest days?”
said the little man, seated on the pendu
lum.
“Yes; for they were free from care.”
“Would you return to them ?” said
lie.
“A T o, 1 will not /” I replied.
“These, then, are pictures of the imagi
nation, that look well in retrospect; but,
brought near, would be pushed away like
an unsavory dish. O, the da3*s ot our
youth!”
While he was speaking, a boat ap
proached the landing, laden with fruits of
various and beautiful kinds. I was filled,
for the moment, with the joyous expecta
tion of childhood.
I advanced eagerly, for the remem
brance of the past taught me that I had
a claim to them.
They handed me a basket of choice
peaches, whose cheeks, turned up to the
reddened sunset sky, received a deeper
tint.
My hand was suspended for a choice;
each one seemed brightest and best; and
as soon as oik* was selected, its beauts
faded, and another, which was untouched,
was increased.
The little man, who evidently thought
himself the wisest little man in the world,
whispered in my ear:
“This is the imagination !”
Oranges, then, were placed before me
for selection ; but the same trial, and the
same disappointment ensued.
Grapes next were offered; but they
fell from my fingers as they were plucked.
The little man laughed in derision,
saying, “And this is imagination!”
I looked upward at the sky. It was
rich with the beauty of evening. Long
rays of light extended from the West,
over-arching the heavens, and flooding it
with a red and purple light.
It cast over the earth a soft and super
natural glow, that seemed to elevate it;
while my own body seemed caught up,
by the etherial and heavenly light.
“Imagination ! Imagination !” scream
ed the little man, laughing in my ear;
“nothing but the imagination. You are
but dust—a thing of shadows, formed for
the darkest corner of a picture.”
My mind was gloomy, restless, and
sad. As I toiled up the bluff again, I
endeavored to knock myself against the
stones, to break away from that stupid
inertia, which bound me with an iron in
fluence.
This would not do. I ascended the
bluff, and beheld before me the home of
my childhood.- I was transported into
it; and this was our
THIRD DIVE.
The room was shaded, so that only a
faint light glimmered in through closed
curtains, and, as I stood by the door, I
heard the Jow accents of a prayer.
It was a prayer of thanks and blessings
for a soul born on earth; one trusted to
mortal guidance, and a mortal sojourn.
I entered into the room, and the place
■had a holy and sanctified air.
The child lay, like a snow-drift wafted
from another sphere, upon the bed ; and
when I saw it, I, too, thanked the Creator
that he had sent the little spirit here, to
be called by the name of a kinsman, and
to warm the heart of the desolate one.
She was a bereaved mother. One by
one, tender buds had bloomed and drooped
around her. They bore upward no tender
hopes to a living world; but left within
her heart only the same yearning desire |
for an earthly child-tie.
And this'was the child. The promise
for the future was fair; and Hope already j
began to play its pranks with the little !
soul. Time curled its tiny ringlets, 1
fanned its soft cheek with the zephyr’s ,
sweet breath, till it imparted the blush j
tinge of innocent joy, and, lighting upon j
the eyelids, weighed them down with a j
soft, heavenly look, as if they were peep
ing down from a world of light, to see if (
this was a place fit to dwell in, or not.
I looked on, too; and wondered and
dreamed of the future. I saw her, as if
in the dream-land, grown up a beautiful
maiden, loving and giving joy to those
around her.
I saw her in youth’s gay, happy dream
I saw her, in her maiden bloom, blushing
aud modest, with a consciousness of the
woman’s life that was within her, folded
but eloquent with love.
I saw her, once again, by the side of
her lover, with his form only half defined.
I turned to get a better glance at the
should be happy man; but he turned
again and again, and seemed like a
statue, turning and turning, by the influ
ence of my own desires and emotions.
She was happy and confiding—he con
stant and enduring. From the summit of
earthly life, they beheld all things satis
fied and calm.
“ Let your imagination rest here,”
said the little man; “or, rather, let it riot
in this store-house of Nature. What are
you but a dreamer ? and what is your
imagination but a dreamer’s wand, that
conjures up the horrible aud the beautiful;
and gives yonr mind a feast of the ideal
to toy with, while time wags on ?”
And lie pointed to the clock above
him, that went tick-tack-tick, with an
endless monotony of sound. He swung
away still, but had a more serious air,
when he turned his eyes and saw the hand
moving around to the end of the hour.
“ We have time for one more dive,”
he said, as he gave an additional swing ;
and laughed, till it vibrated aud twinkled
from the corners ot his eyes.
So this is our
fourth dive.
I stood in a city, thickly peopled—but
peopled with the dead. They were laid
in their quiet graves.
Here was a stately house, well filled.
There, another was roofed with rock,
paneled with marble, engraved in How
ers, inscribed in letters of gold.
Here was an obelisk, that towered above
others, where a great man had taken his
solitary resting place. There, another,
rising in symmetrical beauty, but broken
half way to show his untimely end. He,
heedless of warning, had gone into the
presence of the Eternal One; and that,
because he could not kill his foe—he was
a duellist.
Here, was a simple wiiite slab, cover,
ing a departed sister, moistened by tears '
and consecrated by love. The mournful
box vine and the modest violets, clus
tered around, to be a perpetual annual
emblem of the death and the life of the
departed loved one.
Here, rose a more stately edifice, with
a veiled figure engraved upon it, whose
veil was partly raised by ber own hand
Let the emblem speak for itself. She
had departed in clouds; may she awake
in glorious peace !
And here, was a consecrated spot a
mother and her little ones. Enclosed
with a rim of stone, and, all within cover- i
cd with the sweetest of earth’s offerings i
—flowers of various hues, dyed in solar I
liglit.
But, where was 1 ?
By an open grave. Two others were
there—the father, who had prayed, and
the mother, whose desolate heart had
been cheered. His face was thoughtful
and his mind was prayerful, still, and
calm. The mother’s was invested witli a
new light. It was the light of hope and
the light of love.
I looked for the coffin. It was brought
and laid by the open grave that was to
clasp it in its quiet depths.
My heart yearned to look within it.
My impulses told me that I was there.
Not I, but my second self—my life, my
tender bud that I had plucked from a
wilderness of roses, only to bloom for me,
The father and mother stood there,
with Heaven uplifted hands, but my hands
were busy with the dead.
I tore away the lid, and saw thelovelv
body dead.
“ This is the imagination ,” I said,
“ and 1 will awake ”
“Imagination ! Imagination!” scream
ed the little man; and, as he clambered
j up the wire again, it gave a wliir—r-r-ring
sound; and then, the clock struck one.
WIT AND HUMOR.
Light infantry—lean babies.
Motto for the cider maker—press on-
The new India rubber ears for ladies
are boxed every night.
Mr. Jones writes to a friend; “lam
glad to be able to say that my wife is
recovering slowly.”
The young lady who sang “I wish
somebody would come,” has had her desire
gratified. Eleven city cousins have ar
rived, and intend to stay all the summer.
A printer’s devil once went to see a
preacher’s daughter. He was much sur
prised the next Sunday at hearing her
father give out the text, “My daughter i
grieviously tormented with a devil.”
In Cincinnati, a man wishing to get a
cheek cashed, had no one to prove Lit
identity. lie exhibited his name upon
his shirt, whereat the banker was satis
fied and paid over the money.
Lost yesterday, a small morocco pock
et-book, containing a tailor’s bill for§2o.
Any person finding the same will please
pay the bill and nothing more will be said.
Mr. Patrick O’Flaherty said that his
wife was very ungrateful, for “when 1
married her she hadn’t a rag to put on her
back, but now she’s covered with ’em.
“Can you read smoke, ma?” “Whatdo
you mean, my child ?” “Why, I heard
some men talk about a volume of smoke,
and 1 thought you could read auy volume?
A fellow seven feet high passed through
Charleston, on his way to California. On
being asked why ho ventured on so ha
zardous a journey, he replied, “They did
not want me at home any longerP
A fellow being treated to a glass ol
wild cherry wine, exclaimed, as soon a
he got the pucker out of his mouth, “gosh
I hope them cherries was so wild that the
man didn’t catch many of them!"
An Irish clergyman once said, wliil-o
preaching, “My friends, 1 am just halt
; through my sermon, but as you seem w
be tired, the last half will not be more
than a quarter as long as the first.”
A bachelor sea Captain, who was re
marking one day that he wanted a good
chief otlicer, was promptly informed by ;•
young lady present that she had no ob
jections to be his first mate. lie took the
hint—and the lady.
An orator perspiring freely, in a husky
voice, said: “In short, ladies and goutie
men, I can only say that I wish 1 had a
window in my bosom that you might see
the emotions of my heart.” The news
papers printed the speech, leaving tue
“n” out of the window.
“How do you do Mr. Smith?”
“Do what?”
“Why, how do you find yourself."
“I never lose myself.”
“Pshaw ! how do you feel?
“Pretty smooth, 1 guess —feel me an
seed 1
“Good morning, Mr. Smith."
“It’s not a good morning; it’s wet and
nasty.”