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8 YOUTHS' DEPARTMENT* O Charade. When, to pass a pleasant time, You ask a chosen few, And a stupid guest unbidden comes, He’s sure my first to do. My second is a City known For costly silks and dyes, And famous in the time of one Most powerful and wise. My whole we rank among the Saints, An army brave and bold ; I need not add another line— The word is almost told. Answer next week. Torisdcde, near Philadelphia, 18G8. ENIGMA No. 46. I am composed of 20 letters. My 12, 11, 9, 10, 18, 5, is dear to eve ry persons heart. My 9, 10, 2, is an article. My 19. 4, 13, 8, is a metal. My 7, 11, is a reply. My 12, 11, 9, 10, is a small insect. My 19, 6,2, is the name of an ex- Confederatc General. My 8,6, 13, TANARUS, is the name for a cler gyman. My 12, 13, 5, 20, is a girl’s name. My 14 13, 12, is a boy’s nick name. My 1,2,6, 8, is a slender stalk. My 9, 10,13, 12, 4, 14, is a river in England. My 5, 10, is a note of exclamation. My 12 13, 14, 16, is to bruise. My 14, 13,19, 12, 11, 7, is a fish. My 16, 18, 19,17, 6,3, 2, is to help, or assist. My 17, 10, 18, 19, 13, 7,8, is an island in the Atlantic ocean. My 18, 9, 13, 19, 20, is a country in Europe. My 12, 13, 20, 11, is a country in Ire land. My 16, 11, 12, 6, is a city in Europe. My 14, 10, 4,5, 12, 13, 7, is the name of a Yankee General well known to ev ery Southerner. My whole is the name of a Catholic Priest well known in the State of Geor gia, and much beloved by the parishion ers over whom he was Pastor. Jimmie. Answer next week. Atlanta , Ga„ Aug., 1868. ENIGMA—No. 47. I am composed of 31 letters. My 8,9, 29, 30, 3,9, is the name of a hoy. My 21, 26, 23, 23, 24, 18, is the name of a girl. My 21, 22, 11, is what Abraham wished for. My 2,5, 20, 27, 26,15, is an inter jection. My 17,18, 19, 20, is an inheritor. My 1, 19, 6, 20, 19, 21, is the name of a river in Asia. My 7,19, 11, 9, 13, 14, 21, 16,30,11, is a peninsula in India. My 31, 10, 21, is a word of assent. My 28, 4,5, 20, is a possessive pro noun. My whole is the last line in one of the most*beautiful poems in the English lan gugge - Answer next week. Mobile , Ala., 1868. Jennie. SQUARE WORD. My first is a forest tree. My second is a cherished object. My third is a man’s name. My fourth is the name of the former local of an Augusta newspaper. U. A. P. Answer next week. Augusta, Ga., Aug ., 1808. Answers to Last Week’s Enigmas, etc. — To Enigma No. 44—(Pope Pius IX;) Giovanna Maria Mastai Ferre tti— Tiresias—Minerva —Aia—Triton—Fa- ina—Magi. To Enigma No. 45—Rev’d Abram J. Ryan—lice —E mde n—Ye vay—De ad Arran—Bern —Red—Aden —Man—Jen- ner—Ravel—Yano—Ava —Nevada. To Poetical Charade —Pi-e-tea (Pi ety.) To Rebus —“lf the grate be empty put coal on; If the grate be full stop put ting coal on l ” Miroii [ Prepared for the Banner of the South by Uncle Buddy.] FAMILIAR SCIENCE. HEAT —CONTINUED. By* “Simmering” is meant a gentle tremor, or indulation, on the surface of the water. When water simmers the bub bles collapse beneath the surface, and the steam is condensed to water again ; hut when water boils the bubbles rise to the surface, and the steam is thrown off. “To collapse” means to burst. A kettle sings when the water sim mers, because sthe air contained in the water escapes by fits and starts through the spout of the kettle, which makes a noise like the sound of a wind instru ment, The kettle sings when the water boils, because all the water is boiling hot; so the steam escapes in a continuous stream, and not by fits and starts. A kettle sings most when it is placed on the side of a fire, than in the midst of it, be cause the heat is applied so unequally that one side is made hotter than the other; in consequence of which the steam is more diffused. When the boil ing water begins to cool again the kettle will sing, because the upper surface cools first, and the steam which rises from the lower part of the kettle escapes by fits and starts. The water will boil sooner when placed over the fire, because the particles of water which are heated rise through the whole body of colder water; whereas, when the side of the kettle is placed against the fire the heated parti cles rise only up the side of the kettle. Boiling water swells, because it is ex panded by the heat; that is, the heat of the fire drives the particles of water far ther from each other; and, therefore, they take up more room—in other words, the water swells. Boiling water bubbles, because the vapor (rising through the water,) is dif fused, and forces up bubbles in its effort to escape. All the air of water is ex pelled at the commencement of its boil ing. The kettle sometimes boils over, because the water is expanded by heat; if, therefore, a kettle is filled with cold water, some of it must run over as soon as it is made hot. But, we may be asked how do you account for a kettle boiling over, though it lias not been filled full of water ? Why, in this way: If a fire be very brisk, the air and vapor are ex pelled so rapidly that the bubbles are very numerous, and, towering one above another, reach the top of the kettle and, fall over. A pot which was full to overflowing while the water was boiling, is found to be not full after it has been taken off the fire, because, while the water is boil ing, it is expanded by the heat, and fills the pot even to overflowing, but when it becomes cool, it contracts again, and oc cupies so much less space. The water of a kettle will run out of the spout when it boils, 1 because the lid fits so tightly that the steam cannot lift it up, and escape ; being confined, there fore, in the kettle, it presses on the water with great power, and forces it out of the spout. The rattling noise so often made by the lid of a saucepan, or boiler, is caused by the uteam as it escapes, forcing up the lid of the boiler, and the weight of the lid carries it hack again ; this being done frequently produces a rattling noise. If the lid fitted so tightly that the steam could not raise it up, the boiler would hurst into fragments. When steam pours out from the spout of a kettle, the steam begins, apparently, half an inch from the spout. This is be cause steam is really invisible, and the half inch between the spout and the stream of mist, is the real steam before it has been condensed by air, All the steam is not invisible, as well as the halt inch, because the invisible particles are con densed by the cold air, and, rolling, one into another, look like a thick mist. After the steam has been condensed into mist it mingles with the air, and is dis persed abroad, as invisible vapor. This invisible vapor, being lighter than air, it ascends to the upper regions of the atmosphere, where, being again con densed, it contributes to form clouds. A pot filled with water will never boil if immersed in another vessel full of wa ter, because water can never he heated above the boiling point; all the heat ab sorbed by water after it boils is employ ed in generating steam. The conversion of water into steam prevents the inner pot from boiling, because, as soon as the water in the larger pot is boiling hot (or steam is formed, and carries off its heat; therefore, 212° of heat can never pass through it to raise the water in the inner vessel to boiling heat. Sugar, salt, etc., retard the process of boiling, because, they increase the densi ty of water, and whatever increases the density of a fluid retards Us boiling. If you want water to boil without the vessel containing it coming in contact with the fire, you must adopt this plan: The vessel containing the water to be boiled must he immersed in a vessel con taining a denser fluid, as boiliug brine or syrup. A fellow, on being asked to write a testimonial for a patent clothes wringer, produced the following : “I bought your clothes wringer, and am immensely pleased with it. I bought a load of wood, which proved to be green, and unfit to burn. I run the whole load through your clothes wringer, and I have used the wood for kindling ever since. ME9SI ©F I'll BOTim, {Selected.] There is a G-od. BY LORD BROUGHAM, “ There is a God,” all Nature cries ; A thousand tongues proclaim His arm almighty, mind all-wise, And bid each voice in chorus rise To magnify His name. Thy name, great Nature's Sira divine, Assidious we adore : Rejecting godheads at whose shrine, Benighted nations blood and wine, In vain libations pour. Yon countless worlds in boundless space, Myriads of miles each ho\ir, Their mighty orbs as curious trace, As the blue circle studs the face Os that enameled flower. But Thou, too, madest that floweret gay To glitter in the dawn ; The hand that fixed the light of day, The blazing comet launched away, Painted the velvet lawn. “ As falls a sparrow to the ground Obedient to Thy will,” By the same law those globes wheel round, Each drawing each, yet all still found In one eternal system bound, ( One order to fulfill. [Translated from the Italian, for the “Youth’s De partment” of the Banner of the South,” by R. D. TANARUS., of South Carolina.] TONINO. BY CESARE CANTI, At the earliest dawn of day, in one of the streets of Brescia, Tonino might have been seen opening his father’s forge, putting his little shop to rights, kind ling the coals in the stove, and then handling, alternately, the file or the hammer, as he put the finishing strokes to a set of harness not quite completed the day before. Tonino was scarcely fourteen years of age; but, seeing that his father was poor, and burdened by the care of a large family, he knew that he required some help; so, from his childhood, he had been his willing and skilful little assistant. His father found much com fort in this; for, in addition to the help he gave him in his daily labor, he could trust him with the care of his little work shop, while he went from house to house in search for employment, never fearing that his little son would neglect his work, or suffer himself to be led astray by other hoys. By close attention, Tonino had gained considerable insight into his father’s trade, and his neighbors, seeing him so industrious and honest, thought most highly of him, and cordially wished him success. One morning, immediately after his father had left home to complete a job of work in the neighborhood, Tonino was busily engaged pdlishing certain buckles on the harness, and sharpening the points of the nails, when an unknown, but well dressed man entered the shop, and said : “ Is your father here?” “No, signor; do you want him? I can go and call him for you ?” “ Oh, no ! There is no necessity. I have some work to be done ; hut I can go elsewhere.” “ Perhaps it may he something I can do for you, Signor.” “You! Nonsense! You are only a hoy. This needs a head that can show more beard than you can. It is wonder ful to see you filing those nails you are working on.’ 5 Tonino’s ambition was aroused, and in the most animated manner he tried to prove to the stranger that lie was mistaken, as suring him that skill was not to be mea sured by years, and that he felt quite competent to undertake any work con nected with his trade. “ Well,” said the man, “ I will try you, then. Do you know how to go to work to make a key for a lock, when you have not the lock before you?” “ Most assuredly I do, Signor. You must first take off the impressions of the lock iu wax, and then imitate it in iron.” “ Bravo! and having this impression in wax, would you like to try your skill in making me a key ?” “Oh, yes, Signor! I should like it so much !” Here the customer tooklrom his pocket the impression of a key, and handed it to the little boy. “ How soon can you let me have it “ By to-morrow morning, Signor.” “Ah ! ha ! Now I see what you are after. You are going to wait until your father’s return, to make him do youi work. Is it not so ?” The little fellow protested that it was not his intention ; upon which the stranger said : “ Very well! Let me make this bar gain : Promise me that you will not say one word of our business to your lather, and if you keep to it, and make the key well instead of thirty soldi, which is about the value of your works I will give you a whole, bright, silver scudo. ’ I leave it to my little friends to imagine Tonino’s delight. * As soon as his new customer left the shop, the brave boy turned to his task with the utmost earnestness and attention; he melted the iron, he beat it out on the anvil, and, while working away most in dustriously, the brightest visions were passing through his mind of all that he would do with his bright silver scudo. “I have it!” he cried out. “To morrow the Signor will come. I will hand him the key, and he will give me the money. A whole scudo! Oh ! what a rare thing that will be! a bright silver scudo! Day after to-morrow will be the feast of St. Anthony, my patron Saint! With my money 1 will buy a beautiful loaf of fine, white bread, a whole roll of sausage, a nice cheese, and a bottle of good wine. In the evening I will bring them home ; there I will find my father just come in, tired out. as he always is, by his hard day’s work, thinking, perhaps, that he will find no supper at all, or, at best, only a slice of hard brown bread and one or two potatoes ; then I will open my parcel, and spread out this feast before him. Oh, how happy we shall be ! Thanks to a good God!” * These pleasant thoughts made Tonino so light-hearted and happy, that he worked away most rapidly, and by next morning he had finished, polished, and burnished his key. The stranger came, and professed him self perfectly satisfied with the work ; adding, “ And you are very sure you said nothing of this to your father ?” “Not a word, Signor,” replied Tonino, and he danced with joy when the stranger put into his hand that famous, shining scudo. He first looked at it on one side ; then turned it, and examined it on the other; put it into his pocket for safe keeping, then, as quickly, took it out. He looked at it again, polished it, weighed it, rung it, and once more put it away, so de lightful to him was this money, earned by his own honest labor. Next morning he heard a violent hur rying to and fro on the streets, and saw a great crowd of people gathering. “ Father,” lie asked, “ will you allow me to go and see what is the matter ?” “ Certainly,” said his father, who was working at home that day. And Tonino sprang out by the door, following the crowd, and heard that a large chest had been opened at a gold smith’s the night before, and a quantity of valuable jewels stolen; that anew false key had been found, and the police were going round to ail the different locksmiths, to find out who amongst them was in league with the thief. Tonino did not stop to think, hut ran hastily back to tell his father what was going on, when, to his terror, lie found his shop surrounded by a great crowd of people. Making his way through them, he saw his father bound as a prisoner in the midst of the soldiers, who were taking him off to prison. The fact is, that they had found in his shop the wax model of the key Tonino had made the day before, which exactly corresponded to that used by the unknown thief who had opened the casket, and stolen the jewels. The father protested he knew nothing of it; and his neighbor, who bad known him to be a strictly honest man, were loth to suspect him. But the soldier pro duced the False key, showing how exactly it was fashioned by the wax model found in his store, and they were reluctantly compelled to admit that he must have been concerned in the robbery. As soon as Tonino could comprehend what it was all about, ho began wring ing his hands and crying aloud. Then he related, word by word, how every thing had happened Upon this, the Magistrate set the father at liberty, but bound the little fellow and led him to prison, where he would have been, who knows how long, before his inno cence could have been proven ! But the good God willed it otherwise for this good child. While they were taking him to the prison, he saw a man suddenly turn the corner of a street, whom lie instantly recognized as the one who had given him the key to make, and pointed him out to the soldier. The thief was seized; the jewels were found in his home, so he could not possi bly deny his guilt, and exposed the man ner in which he had deceived and be trayed poor Tonino. He, of course, received the punishment due to his crime, and Tonini was restored to liberty. His father tried to comfort him, and his neighbors continued to think highly of him, and wish him well. But, he had received a lesson he did not soon forget, and then, and always, said to his young companions : “ Never trust to any one, who advises you to conceal anything from your Father.” June 21st, 18G8—Feast of St. Aloysius. WIT ANDHUMOR. A young man advertises for a situation as son-in-law in a respectable family. Would have no objection, he says, to going a short distance in the eouutry. A disturbed preacher remarked, “If that cross-eyed lady in the side aisle, with red hair, and a blue bonnet, don’t stop talking’, I must draw attention to her.” An aged bachelor being asked if fi e ever saw a public execution, was rascal enough to say, “No; but I once wit nessed a marriage.” He is still at large. “Well, as near as I kin keep track, they was a tellin’ a Miss Long (her first name was Lucy) to take her time.'’ “You can go.” A Wisconsin paper, describing a large farm, which the advertiser wants to sell, adds the following: “The surrounding eouutry is most beautilul ; also, two wagons, and a yoke of steers.” The way they weigh hogs in Kansas, is as follows : They first tie the hog to the end of a rail, balance the rail on a fence, with rocks tied to the other end, and then guess how much the rocks weigh. A lady, writing upon the subject, says: “When men break their hearts, it is the same as when a lobster breaks one of his claws —another sprouting immediate ly, and growing in its place.” A lady, in a western city, publishes a card, stating that it gives her pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of the amount of an accident policy on the life of her hus band, who was killed in a late railroad disaster. An honest old lady, when told of her husband’s death, exclaimed, “Well, 1 do declare, our trobles never come alone! It ain’t a week since I lost my best hen, and now Mr. Hopper has gone, too, poor man! ’ The Des Moines Register says the grasshoppers recently ate up a half acre of tobacco for a man near that place, and when the owner went out to look at it. they sat on the fence, and squirted tobacco juice in his eyes. A lady teacher was announcing to her pupils the holiday on the 22d day of Feb ruary, and asking them why the birthday of Washington should be celebrated more than hers ? A little fellow exclaimed, with great vivacity, “because he never told a UeT “Why did you leave your last place V inquired a young housekeeper, about to engage anew servant. “Why, you see, madam,” replied the applicant, “I was too good looking, and when I opened the door, folks took me for the missus.’ A crusty old fellow says : “Eve was the only woman who never threatened t go and live with her mamma.” A spunky woman retorts: “And Adam was the only man that never tantalized his wife about ‘the way mother used to cook.’ ” A little girl, just past her fifth year, while chattering about the beaux that visited two of the other sex in the same house, of more mature age, being asked, “What do you mean by beaux, Annie ' replied, “Why, I mean men that have not got much sense.” “Dar are,” said a sable orator, address ing his brethren, “two roads tro’ dns world. De one am a broad road da: leads to perdition, and de odder a narrow road dat leads to destruction.” “It dat am de ease,” said one of his sable hearer “dis cullud indiwidual takes to do woods.” “What were the mob saying?" as!:c! the District Attorney of a Yankee witne - East, in a riot trial. “Well, they was a sorter singin’." “What were they singing about ! “Well, they were singin”boutason “What was the song ?—what were they saying ?” The Jamestown Journal tells o! gawky who saw, for the first time school girl going through her gymim- t exercise for the amusement of the little ones at home. After gazing at her wit looks of interest and commiseration i a while, he asked a boy near by, “It ti.m gal had fits ?” “No,” replied the contemptuously, “that’s gymnastic “Oh, ’tis, hey,” said Verdant, “how t has she had 'em ?” A club, called the Lazy Society. F' been formed in East Bridgeport, ! It already numbers several hunk members. Two members have been y charged, one for striking at aim which lighted on his face, and anoint gaping too quickly, and opening his,i too wide. A third member was censy * | for running down hill, but was let ea ! the plea that he was too lazy to bold h i The society is iu perpetual session.