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8 YOUTHS' DEPARTMENT. ENIGMA No. 51. I am composed of 22 letters : My 11, 5, 20, 13, 8,2, 10, is the name of a King of England. . My 0. 18, 13, 20, 21, is the name of some Islands on the western eoast of Ire land. My 16, 17, 9,1, is the name of an American animal. My 4, 20, 18, 12, is the name of a fish. My 6,3, 20, 21, 22, is a nautical term. My whole is the name of a good Priest in Georgia, beloved by all who know hi m . Richard C. Answer next week. Macon, Ga., 1868. ENIGMA No. 52. I am composed of 18 letters : My 1,4, 14, is something precious. My 8, 13, 16, 11, 5, is one of the elements. My 12, 6, 14, is something salty. My 7,2, 1,9, 7, is lawful. My 14, 17, 7,2, is an animal. My 15, 9, 18, is an utensil. My 14, 6,5, is to disturb. My 16, 12, 9, 16, is a demonstrative pronoun. My whole is the name of a prominent man in South Carolina. H. S, x\uswer next week. Charleston , S. C ., 1868. ENIGMA—No. 53. GEOGRAPHICAL. I am composed of 48 letters : My 19, 20, 41, 30,12, 35, is a country of Asia. My 23, 27, 38, 48, is a river ancient and celebrated. My 6, 39, 12, 4,4, 24, 15, 5,40, 29, 32, 8, is the name of a mountain range. My 30, 33, 38, 14, 40, 27, 29, is a Republic of South America. My 9,2, 46, 42, 3, is a river of France. My 25, 18, 38, 45, 17, 23, is a County of New York. My 30, 36, 32, 7, 24, 18, is a Lake of Louisiana. My 13, S, 47, 1, 29, 37, 46, 44, 8, is an island off the coast of California. My 30, 26, 41, 43, 11, 19, 36, 15, is an English watering place. My 28, 46, 22, 32,17, 40,8, is a Pro vince of Spain. My 16, 39, 34, 41, 38, 3L, is an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. My 40, 21, 22, 32, 48, is a Cape on the western coast of Africa. My 44, 31, 32, 15, 3, 31, is a City in Australia. My 6, 38, 14, 43, 17, is a County in Ireland. My 32, 3, 34, 8,19,18, 22, is a County of Georgia. My whole was an expedition, the results of which were that a considerable amount of geographical knowledge was attained. Kappa. Answer next week. Answers to Last Week’s Enigmas, Etc — To Enigma No. 48.—Rev. Wm. Gross — Air— Grass— Mania — Rose— Rome— Love —Am—Ear—Seive—Lee —Ella. To Enigma No. 49.—“ Taxation with out Representation” — Rat— Peter— Hat Axe —Sour —Tin— Harp Winter— Hour—Ant —Not. To Enigma No. 50.—'“The Conquered Banner”—Hand—Tea—Ear — Quartan —Une—Nahaut —Date—Cornet—Baton. To Rebus.-- 1 Can’t put coal on, there is such a hyphen der” (high fender.) To P. J. M., Nashville, Tenn.—Your Enigmas have not been published, be cause they do uot work out according to the figures used. Our little friend should get someone to explain how to arrange his figures to correspond with the answers, and then “ try, try again.” Kappa—Your second Enigma has only 46 letters, yet calls for 47. It will not work out with 46. Answers by Correspondents. — U. A. P. t Augusta, Ga., to Ist Charade injNo. 22; to Enigma No. 43; E. 11. N., Sa vannah, Ga., to Enigma No. 45 ; “ The Young Squire of the Ilogi Mogis,” Mont gomery, Ala., to Rebus in No. 23; R. C. 8., Macon, Ga., to Euigma No. 46 ; J. F. H., Macon, Ga., to Enigma No. 4<; Mary W., Macon, Ga, to Enigma No 46. The Unitarian Minister at Swampscott, a hymn by Dr. Watts, that, as he entirely Mass., on Sunday said, before reading disbelieved one line, and thinking his hearers would also, he requested them in singing to substitute, as others had done, “How weak and frail we arc,” for “What worthless worms we are.” The Children. The following beautiful poem wa9 written by Charles Dickens : ■When the lessons aud tasks are all ended, And the school for the day is dismissed, And the little ones gather around me, To bid me good-night and be kissed; O ! tho Uttle white arms that encircle My neck in a tender embrace, O! the smilest hat are halos of Heaven, Shedding sunshine of love on my face. And when they are gone, I sit dreaming Os my childhood, too lovely to last; Os love that my heart will remember, While it wakes to the pulse of the past, Ere the world and its wickedness made me A partner of sorrow and sin; When the glory of God was about me, And the glory of gladness within. O! my heart grows weak as a woman’s, And tho fountains of feeling will flow, When I think of the paths steep and stony, Where the feet of the dear ones must go; Os the mountains of sin hanging o’er them. Os the tempest of Fate blowing wild; O! there’s nothing on earth half so holy As the innocent heart of a child! They are idols of hearts and of households; They are Angels of God iu disguise; His sunlight still sleeps in their ti’esses; His glory still gleams in their eyes. Oli! those truants from home and from Heaven, They have made me more manly and mild! Aud I know now how Jesus could liken The Kingdom of God to a child! I ask not a life for the dear ones, All radiant, as others have done, But that life may have just enough shadow To temper the glare of the sun; I would pray God to guard them from evil, But my prayer would bound back to myself; Ah ! a Seraph may pray for a sinner, But a sinner must pray for himself. The twig is so easily bended, I have banished the rule and the rod; I have taught them the goodness of knowledge, They have taught me the goodness of God; My heart is a dungeon of darkness, Where I shut them from breaking a rule; My frown is sufficient correction; My love is the law of the school. I shall leave the old house iu the Autumn, To traverse its threshold no more; Ah I how shall I sigh for the dear ones, That meet me each morn at the door ! I shall miss the “good nights” and the kisses, And the gusli of their innocent glee, The group on the green, and the flowers, That are brought every morning to me. I shall miss them at morn and at eve— Their song in the school and the street; I shall miss the low Imm of their voices, Aud the tramp of their delicate feet, Wheu the lessons are all ended, And Death says, “The school is dismissed!” May the little ones gather around me. To hiit me good niglit aud be Mood. Prepared for tlio Banner of the South by Uncle Buddy.] FAMILIAR SCIENCE. H FIAT —CONTINUED. Watering the streets and roads cools them, because they part with their heat to promote the evaporation of the water sprinkled on them. A shower of rain will cool the air in the Summer time, because the wet earth parts with its heat to promote evapora tion: and, when the earth is cooled, it cools the air also. Linen is dried by being exposed to the wind, because the wind, or currents of air, accelerate evaporation, by removing the vapor from the surface of the wet linen as fast as it is formed. And it is dried sooner in the open air than in a confined room, because the currents of air cause the particles of vapor to be more rapidly removed from the surface of the linen by evaporation. Wet Summers are generally succeeded bv cold Winters, because the great evaporation carried on through the wet Summer reduces the temperature of the earth lower than usual, aud produces cold. The Eastern and many of the Western States are warmer and the Winters less severe than formerly, because they are better drained and better cultivated, and, consequently, then* is less evapora tion now than formerly. Draining land promotes warmth, be cause it diminishes evaporation ; in con sequence of which less Meat is abstracted from the earth. Cultivation increases the warmth of a country, because : Ist Hedges and belts of trees arc mul * O tiplied. 2d. The land is better drained ; and 3d. The vast forests are cut down. Hedges and belts of trees promote warmth, because they retard evaporation, by keeping off the wind. You may ask, then, if belts of trees promote warmth, why do forests produce cold ? The reasons are : Ist. Because they detain and condense the passing clouds; 2d. They prevent the access of both wind aud sun ; 3d. The soil of forests is always cov ered with long damp grass, rotting leaves, and thick brushwood : and 4th. In every forest there are always ©F fffll §©Hl. many hollows full of stagnant water, which cause evaporation. Long grass and rotting leaves promote cold, because they are always damp ; and the evaporation which they promote is constantly absorbing heat from the earth beneath. France and Germany are warmer bow than when the vine would not ripen there, chiefly because their forests have been cut down, and the soil is better drained and cultivated. Water ponds are often left dry in the Summer time, because their water is evaporated by the air. This evaporation is produced and carried on by the heat of the air changing the surface of the water into vapor, which, blending with the air, is soon wafted away ; and similar evapo ration is repeatedly produced till the pond ir left quite dry. The wheels of some machines are kept constantly wet with water, in order to carry off, by evaporation, the heat which arises from the rapid motion of the wheels. The surface of the ground is hardened by the sun, because the moisture of the ground is exhaled by evaporation, and as the earthy particles are brought closer together, the mass becomes more solid. The wisdom of God is shown in this ar rangement, in the fact that, if the soil did not become crusty and hard in dry weather, the heat and drought would penetrate the soil, and kill both seeds and roots. Bread becomes hard after it has been kept a few days, because the vapor and gases escape, leaving the solid particles dry, so that they collapse and become more firm and hard. Glue, gum, starch, and paste, arc adhe sive, because the water used with them rapidly evaporates, and leaves them solid ; and they insinuate themselves so intimately into the pores of the sub stances with which they come in contact, that when the water evaporates, the whole is one solid mass. They lose their adhe siveness when dissolved in water, and, therefore, mustaiways be suffered to be come dry before they will hold with tenacity. Tea is cooled faster in a saucer than in a cup, because evaporation is increased by increasing the surface, and as tea in a saucer presents a larger surface to the air, its heat is more rapidly carried off by evaporation. It is also cooled by “con vection.” The vapor of the sea is not salt, be cause the salt is always left behind in the process of evaporation. In hot weather, you will notice a white crust appear upon clothes wetted with salt water. This is the salt of the water left in the clothes by evaporation. This white crust always disappears in wet weather, because the moisture of the air dissolves the salt; in consequence of which, it is uo longer visible. Persons who take violent exercise should not wear very thick clothing, be cause it prevents the perspiration from evaporation. When the heat of the body is increased by exercise, perspiration reduces the heat, by evaporation, to a healthy standard; as thick clothing pre vents this evaporation, it is injurious to health. Day laborers usually wear flannel next to their body, even in hot weather, be cause exercise promotes perspiration; and, as flannel is a bad conductor of heat, it prevents the evaporation of the moisture from chilling the body, and re ducing its heat below the healthy standard. Lucifer matches will not ignite, if they are damp, because : Ist. The cold produced by tho evapo ration of the water neutralizes the heat produced by the friction of the match across the bottom of the lucifer box ; and 2d. Because the damp prevents the free accession of oxygen to the match, without which it cannot burn. Water in a very exposed place, will freeze more rapidly than that which is under cover, or in a place less exposed, because : Ist. Evaporation goes on more rapidly when water is exposed, and carries away heat from the general mass; and 2d. Any covering will radiate heat into the water below, and prevent the mass from cooling down to the requisite temperature to cause congelation Paint often blisters from heat, because the heat penetrating through paint, ex tracts some little moisture from the wood, and turns it into vapor or steam ; as this vapor requires room, it throws up blisters in the paint to make room for its expand ed bulk. Flowers are more fragrant in damp weather, because the volatile particles which constitute the perfume ot the flowers, are prevented, by the vapor ot the air, from circulating freely through the surrounding atmosphere. Many ot U i e essential oils, and other volatile sub stances, which produce odors in plants, require the presence of much moisture for their perfect development. “ MAZEPPA," Byron’s “ Mazeppa,” like his “ Sarda napalus,” is a historical character, and this story, though beautifully enveloped in poetry, is truthfully told. Mazeppa was born about the year 1840, in Boland, and descended from a noble family. In his youth he was page to John Casimer, who was both a lover of pleasure and a devotee of the arts and literature, and by this association Mazeppa had opportuni ties, which he availed himself of, to ac quire various accomplishments and ex tended information. An intrigue was the cause, as well of his early misfortunes, as of his subsequent elevation. A fool ish nobleman discovered that Mazeppa had designs against his honor, and in re venge bound him, naked, upon a wild horse, aud sent him adrift into the wilder ness. The horse was from the Ukraine, and naturally directed his frightened course towards that region. After con siderable perilous travel, and in a state of extreme exhaustion, some poor peasants found Mazeppa, half dead, and by their simple care and attention succeeded in restoring him to life and vigor. He re mained some time with them, and be came pleased with their warlike, roving life, while his dexterity, skill in all man ly exercises, conspicuous courage and strength, made him an especial favorite with them. He held several important posts in their simple Government, and was eventually elected their Hetman. This position brought him in communi cation with Peter the Great, of Russia, whose confidence he gained, and by whom he was loaded with honors, aud ultimately made Prince of the Ukraine. Placed in this brilliant position, he be came oblivious to the obligations of gratitude. His restless ambition excited him to abandon his allegiance to the Czar in the hope of establishing for himself an independent Monarchy. He joined Charles the Twelfth, of Sweden, and aimed by his assistance to unite the Ukraine to the crown of Poland. Their intrigues were at last revealed to Peter, but he placed no confidence in the com munication, and sent the accusers to Ma zeppa to be used at his discretion, and Mazeppa caused them to be summarily executed. 1 ntrigue being no longer avail able, Mazeppa dropped the mask he had hitherto worn, openly joined Charles the Twelfth, and took a prominent part in the unfortunate campaign in the Ukraine. After the defeat of Charles at Puitowa, Mazeppa fled to Bender, where he died 1709. Lord Byron commences his beautiful poem immediately after the dark day at Puitowa, when the erratic and heroic Charles, with a faithful few, is seeking a doubtful safety, by flight from the bloody field. It is at the bivouac, while the camp fires arc throwing their fitful glare on the wild scene around, that the ex hausted yet wakeful monarch calls upon the veteran Hetman for the story of his early life. “Os all our band,” he says, “ Though firm of heart and strong of hard, Iu skirmish, march, or forage, none Can less have said or more have done Then thee, “ Mazeppa! ” Urged by the King, “ Mazeppa” tells his story, which constitutes the substan tial part of the poem, and which will al ways be read with pleasure while our language endures.— Home Weekly. Saturday Night. Saturday night makes people human, sets their heart to beating softly, as they used to, before the world turned them into war drums, and jarred them to pieces with t'attofjs. The ledger closes with a clash, the iron-doored vaults come to with a bang; up go the shutters with a will; click goes the key in the lock. It is Saturday night, and business breathes free again. Home ward, ho! The door that has been ajar all the week, gently closes behind him ; the world is all shut out. Here arc his treasures, after all, and not in the vault, and not in the book—save the iecord in the old Family Bible—and not in the back. May be you are a bachelor, frosty and forty. Then, poor fellow, Saturday night is nothing to you, just as you are nothing to anybody. Get a wife, blue-eyed or black-eyed, but above all, true eyed; get a little home, no matter how little, and a little sofa, just to hold two or two and a half iu it, of a Saturday night, and then read this paragraph by the light of your wife’s eyes, and thank God, and take courage.— Exchange. —— A city exquisite having become agri culturally ambitious, went in search of a farm, and finding one for sale, began to bargain for it. The seller mentioned, as one of the farm’s recommendations, that it had a very cold spring on it. “Ah— aw,” said the fop, “I won’t take it then, fjjjjye heard that the cold spring ruined last year, and 1 don’t want a place with such a drawback upon it.” WIT AND_HUMOR. A writ of error—a slip of the pen. The common law—“keep off the grass.’’ The ties of travel—railway ties. A light employment—candle-making. The real benefit of clergy—a ; Bishop, ric. A killing beauty—a woman who laces herself to death. Sentimental aquatics—eyes swiminia* ft in tears. Good men to attend, auctions—those whose faces are forbidding. Man who lias a turn for music—-an organ-grinder. — Punch. The Minister who boasted that he could preach without notes didn t mean bank notes. Ephraim of the Boston Star, says that young ladies who refuse good offers of marriage are too, No-ing by half. The hog may not be thoroughly posted in arithmetic, but when you come to square root he is there—the hog is. “Will you have some grapes Monsieur asked a gentleman of a Frenchman. “No saire, I don't swallow my wine in za shape of pills.” A woman in Wisconsin says that when her husband is a little drunk he kicks her, and that when he is very drunk she kicks him; and she adds that she does most of the kicking. A lady asked her little girl, on return ing from church, if she remembered the text. “O yes,” said she “it was this; The Ladies’ Sewing Society will meet at Mrs. So-and-so’s house on Monday eve ning next.” “Arms! give us arms,” is the cry of the carpet-baggers. Wait till next No vember, says the New York World, and in the general and precipitate rush of the Radical party towards Salt River, lews will be more in demand than anus. D “Can you tell me,” asked a pompou scbool-committee-man, of a modest little girl, “why Nature did not make aspara gus grow vi h each end equally succu lent ? ” “Because, if it had, it would have been impossible for man to hold it in his fingers,” was the satisfactory reply, John Randolph was one of the most sarcastic men that ever lived. One time a young man attempted to make his ac quaintance. He obtained an introduction aud among the first remarks, said : “I passed by your house, lately, Mr Randolph! ” “I hope you always will! ’’was the reply. Another one twitted him as to his “want of education.” ‘ The gentleman reminds me,” sail Randolph, “of the lands at the heads f Montgomery, which are poor by nature but ruined by cultivation.” A friend of ours has two boys, aged respectively six and eight years. The younger was partaking largely of the good things of this life at the dinner table, im mediately on their return from Sabbat!. School. The elder, after eyeing his brother for some time, said, “Chadie, if you were to eat much more, and it should kill you, you would weigh so much that the Angels could not carry you to Heaven,” Little six year old hesitate! for a moment, and then, looking u;, replied, “Well, if they couldn’t do it aloco God would send Sampson down t * L them.” A preacher not long since, discoui>L.g to the boys in New Hampshire State Reform School, upon the fact that ‘he good were respected, while the bad v r shunned, attempted to illustrate by saying “Now, boys, when I walk on the stree* I speak to some and not to others; wl. it now makes the difference? ” supposing, o: course, they would say, “Because s- .. are good and some bad;” but he k - much astonished to hear one little f • sing out, “Because some are rich, and some are poor.” A good story was told us lately, popular preacher in the town of P- — in Pennsylvania, which we shall take ‘ liberty of reproducing. It appears n. Minister had been wedded to an *'~- wortby lady, whose first gift was a dowry often thousand dollars, with the pro. ’-- of as much more upon the decease of invalid parent. Shortly after nnrr ue, while occupying the pulpit, lie chan • • ■ ' give out a hymn, the fifth verse of win' commenced : “Forever let my grateful heart." —then adding: “The choir will om ‘ ' ; His words paused—he coughed sign ..} fifth verse,” sat down with something a nervous haste. With curiosity ex •'g at this conduct of their Minister congregation smiled some as they 1 : ‘ ‘Forever let my grateful heart His boundless grace adore, Which gives tea thousand blessings •• ,v And bids me hope for more.”