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8 YOUTHS' DEPARTMENT. o * ENIGMA No. 54. I am composed of 54 letters : My 35, 4, 45, 9, 23, 53, 16, 35, signi fies universal. Mv47 2, 27, 31, is found in Algebra. My 44, 30, 35, 52, 18, 12, is an Island. My 19, 8, 48, 31, 42, 13, 49, 2g, are found on Railroads. My 6, 20, 35, 9, 48, 28, 37, 35, 26, are useful to the world. My 44, 30, 28, 39, 14, 17, 28, 44, 19, rains the world. My 3, 50, 4,1, 36, very few men like to contemplate. Mv 11, 3S, 40, 25, 29, 19, 43. 28, 8, 48, 45, 30, 40, 49, Georgia will soon have. . _ , My 15, 52, 54. 41, 10, is an adverb. My 22,’ 7, 24, 34, is a pronoun. My IS, 5, 28, 51, is an animal. My 21 is a vowel. My whole is a remark made by Caesar to his mother. Evalina. Answer next week. Savannah, Ga., July , 1808. ENIGMA—No. 55. I am composed of 7 letters • My 7,6, 1, is a name for us Southern men. . . . , My 7,3, 4,5, G, is a part of a lady 3 wardrobe. My 1,2, 3,6, is a color. My 2,3, 4,7, 0, is money. My 4,2, 3,1, is a name for a young men’s association. My 5, G, 7,1, is a plant. My 4,3, 1. is a young bear. My whole was the name of a famous General in the French Army. Answer next week. ENIGMA No. 56. ACROSTICAL. 1 am composed of 19 letters : My 1, 10, 14, 17, is something used by cooks. My 2,7, 14, 6, 16, is what we should all practice. My 3,8, 14, 13, 16, is beneath. My 4, 10, 3,7, is a journey. My 5,2, 8,6, 19, is what all children are fond of. My 6, 11, 9,2, 7, 13, is the French for again. My 7,3, 1, 15, is a strategem. My 8, 17, 19, is a word of refusal. My 9, 17, 16, 15, 15, 11, is to incline. My 10, 19, 1,4, 6, 16, is a shellfish. My 11, 2,1, 6, is a part of the face. My 12, 13, 3, 14, is a quarrel. My 13, 12, 12, 17, IS, 15, is to blot out. My 14, 3,1, 6, is an evil spirit. My 15, 18, 5,2, is to give back sound. My 16,13, 17, 7, is to raise. My 17, 14,10, 15, 11, is to deck. My 18, 15, 8,1, 10, 7, is a critic. My 19, 2, 16, 13, is a long time past. My whole is a name dear to all true Southerners. Annie. Answer next week. Savannah, Ga., IS6S. REBUS. I 0 nothing but 00 now. 0 ing 00 I 0 U. I 0 00 meaning 0. But 2 puzzle 0 RR like U. L. Auswer next week. Augusta, Ga., Sept. 7, 1863. Answers to Last Week’s Enigmas. —Enigma No. 51 —Rev. Charles C. Prendergast— Charles— Arras—Leer— Carp—Avast. Enigma, No. 52. General Wade Hampton—Gem—Water—Ham—Legal —Mole—Pan—Mar—That. To Enigma No. 53—“ The Researches in Southern Africa, by Doctor Living stone’-—Thibet—Nile—Sierra Nevada— Bolivia— Rhone— Fulton Bodeau— Santa Rosa—Brighton—Cordova—Sicily —Verde—Sydney—Sligo—Decatur. Frepareil for the Banner of the South by Uncle Buddy. FAMILIAR SCIENCE. H EAT —CONTINUED. Vaporization. — By vaporization, is meant the conversion of a liquid into vapor by boiling. Evaporation is effect ed by exposure to the air without boiling, whilst vaporization requires the air of sufficient heat to produce ebullition Ebullition is from the Latin word, ebullio, to boil. Hot iron makes a hissing noise when plunged into water, because the hot iron converts into steam the particles of waiter which come in immediate contact with it; and, as the steam flies upward, it passes by other particles of water not yet vaporized. The collision produces very rapid vibrations in the air, and a hissing noise is the result. Water makes a hissing noise when it is poured on fire, because the part which comes in contact with the fire is immediately converted into steam, and, as it flies upward, meets other particles of water not yet vaporized. The collision produces very rapid vibrations in the air, and a hissing noise is the result. Water is converted into steam by the heat of the fire, because, when the heat of the fire enters the water, it separates its globules into very minute particles, which, being lighter than air, fly off from the surface in the form of steam. A drop of water will sometimes roll along a piece of hot iron without leaving the least trace, because the bottom of the drop is turned into vapor, which buoys the drop up, without allowing it to touch the iron. And it rolls, because the cur rent of air, which is always passing over a heated surface, drives it along. A laundress will put a little saliva on a flat-iron, to know if it be hot enough, because when the saliva sticks to the iron, and is evaporated, she knows that it is not sufficiently hot ; but when it runs along the iron, it is. The flat-iron is hotter when the saliva runs along it, than if it adheres till it is evaporated, because, when the saliva runs along the iron, the heat is sufficient to convert the bottom of the drop into vapor; but if the saliva will not roll, the iron is not sufficiently hot to convert the bottom of the drop into vapor. By wetting the hand, it may be safely thrust through a stream of molten (that is, red hot,) iron; because the moisture of the hand is converted into steam by the heat of the iron. The envelope of steam completely shields the hand from the in jurious effects of the molten metal by preventing the iron from coming in con tact with the skin. Liquidation. —By Liquefication, is meant the state of being melted by the heat of the sun. When metals are melt ed, they are said to be fused. Ice is melted by the heat of the sun, because, when the heat of the sun enters the solid ice, it forces its particles sunder, till their attraction of cohesion is sufficiently overcome to convert the solid ice into a liquid. The temperature of ice is 32°; if you pour just enough boiling water on the ice to melt it, the tempera ture of the water will not be increased, because the heat of the boiling water is consumed in melting the ice ; but pour boiling water on ice-cold waiter, and the temperature is immediately increased. Wax becomes soft before it turns liquid, because it absorbs heat sufficient to loosen the contact of its particles before it has absorbed sufficient to liquefy the mass. Metals are melted by the heat of the fire, because when the heat of the fire enters the solid metal, it forces its parti cles asunder, till their attraction of cohesion is sufficiently overcome to con vert the solid metal into a liquid Wood does not melt like metal, be cause the heat of the fire decomposes the wood into gas, smoke, and ashes, and the different parts separate from each other. Salt will crackle when throwu into the fire, because it contains water, and the crackling of the salt is owing to the sudden conversion of this waiter into steam. Radiation. —By Radiation is meant the emission of rays. Thus, the sun radiates both light and heat; that is, it emits rays of light and heat in all directions. Heat is radiated from one body to an other, when the two bodies are separated by a non-conducting medium. Thus, the sun radiates heat toward the earth, be cause the air (which is a very bad con ductor) comes between. Radiation depends on the roughness of the radiating surface. Thus, if metal be scratched, its radiating power is in creased, because the heat has more points to escape from. A fire will radiate heat, because burning fuel emits rays of heat; therefore, we feel warm when wc stand before a lire. Our face feels uncomfortably hot, when we approach a fire, because the fire radiates heat upon the face, which, not being covered, feels the effect imme diately. [For tlie Banner of the South.] THE DUTY OF YOUNG MEN. “The evil that men do lives after them;” to which might be added, the good that man fails to do, tells in some way against him. To a man who only looks upon such questions in a purely benevolent way, the thought is really a solemn one ; how much more so must it be to the Catholic who beholds a long array of neglected opportunities looming alongside of his sins of commission. At the solemn death hour, the painful reality of all this is more apparent than at any other period of existence. How long will it be before our people take time to consider some of the realities of life ? Our young men, upon whom our hopes of the future depend, can they not be reached, and the fact impressed upon their minds, that they have a most awful responsibility resting upon them ? The great current of thought, and the changes of religious opinion, brings many into the true fold. Those who are yet undecided, feel drawn towards the Church, yet the stubbornness of their hearts induces them to seek pretexts to avoid that which their consciences tell them is right. And it is at this stage that their future weal and woe is influenced by those who should be practical Catholics ; for too often is the Church judged by the conduct of her members; and, of her members, the young men are looked upon as her first fruits, her most apparent triumphs; her influence over them is observed; they, subject to the greatest temptations, are the ones who should experience the greatest benefits from her Sacraments; and, it is to them the world looks for examples of Church influence. In the hearts of our young men still exists such a degree of loyal affection for the Church, that, were she attacked by the powers of this world, they would be found at once in the ranks of her de fenders; and if, at any time, they hear her traduced and villified, they most always defend her in their earnest, but unskillful manner. All this they do with entire willingness, in the same spirit that they would peril life in the service of parents or country. Well, the Church needs her sons now; the time may soon come, in this country, when the old Puritan spirit will make its grand effort against the Church. The result is not at all doubtful, but it is well to bo preparing ; and, if we do not come to actual blows, yet the grand fight against evil still continues, and furnishes ample opportunity for conflict. Those of our young men who have strayed away must come back to us; nowhere will they meet such assurances of happiness ; nowhere such perfect brotherhood ; nowhere such glorious opportunities of doing good to their fellow men. The responsibility rests upon them of deciding this most im portant question, and they must meet it; the times are momentous. I take it as an axiom, that no man, not utterly depraved, but what has what is called “his better moments;” hardly any, who think at all, think any better of themselves for the follies and vices they indulge in. Few love sin, and there are but few who do not hate it. Something within causes them to yearn for better things than they have. No profligate man, as a general thing, is respected, even bv his associates, for they know that vice is seldom united with those stern virtues, which even the savage respects, i.e., courage, truth, and temperance. A true man despises himself for being so long under such influences, and longs to escape them; to the Catholic young man, such an opportunity always presents itself in the Church, which tenderly cares for him, and, by the powerful graces of her sacraments, makes a Christian gentleman of him, and causes him to respect himself, which is, of itself, a tremendous gain ; and he, by returning to the Church, docs good service in her cause ; fur, by the force of example, he, perhaps, saves the soul of some wavering fellow mortal, who, with human weakness, stands, un certain which way to turn, until the powerful force of example of someone he respects, turns him to that, which proves his happiness in this world, and ids salva tion in the next. A. A Beautiful Sentiment. —Dr. Chal mers beautifully says : “ The little that 1 have seen in the world, and known of the history of mankind, teaches me to look upon their errors in sorrow, not in anger. When*! take the history of one poor heart that has sinned and suffered, and represent to myself the struggles and temptations it passed through, the brief pulsations of joy ; the tears of regret; the feebleness of purpose; the scorn of the world that has little charity; the deso lation of the soul’s sanctuary, and threatening voices within ; health, gone, happiness gone—l would fain leave the erring soul of my fellow-man with Him from whose hands it came.” - --*■*- A Father came home from his busi ness at early evening, and took his little girl upon his knee. After a few dove like caresses, she crept to his bosom and fell asleep. He carried her himself to her chamber, and said : “ Nellie would not like to go to bed without saying her prayers ? ” Half opening her large blue eyes, she dreamily articulated : “Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord ” then adding, in a sweet murmur. “ lie knows the rest,” she sank on her pillow, in His watchful care who “ giveth His beloved sleep.” The latter part of a wise man’s life is taken up in curing the follies, prejudices, and lalse opinions he had contracted in the former. It is better to weep with Jerusalem at noon, than mourn with Babylon at night. THE SELF-WILLED PRINCESS, BY AN OLD-FASHIONED FELLOW. [From the New York Mercury.] There was once a Princess who had a proud, and violent temper, and who made everybody about her, in consequence, very unhappy whenever she failed in anything she undertook, or met the least obstacle. Her fairy grandmother re proved her without success. At last, one day, the fairy said to her, in a fit of anger: “Very well, Princess; since instruction has no effect on you, I decree that hence forward you shall succeed in whatever you undertake.” “ I ask nothing more,” answered the Princess, laughing loudly; and to begin with, I mean now to open that mys terious black box, into which my father has never permitted me to look.” So saying, she went to the mantle, and was taking down her father’s golden key, when her father entered the room. “What are you doing with my key ? ” he asked, angrily. “ I am going to open your black box,” answered the Princess, boldly. The King, on hearing this, was very angry; but when he attempted to reprove the Princess, for some mysterious reason he could not say a word; and the Prin cess, perceiving that fairy’s spell was working, opened the box before his eyes. Something sprang out, and gave her a furious box on the ear. “Ah, daughter, you have ruined us all!” said the father in a lamentable voice. “This is the hideous goblin whom I contrived to shut up here, and whom you have now released.” The Princess for a moment, knew not what to say, for she had never seen such a hideous creature as the little black figure perched on the box ; but recollect ing the fairy’s decree: “ I am to have success in whatever I undertake,” said she. “So goblin get back into your box.” “With pleasure! ” answered the horri ble creature; and, jumping into the box the lid snapped ; but he hud taken some thing with him ; what do you think it was? Why, the King, the Court, the Palace, everything but the Princess. How he had done it, the Princess could not tell, but they were all gone, and she was alone. Not knowing what to do, she began to walk on, she hardly knew whore, till it grew cold and dark, when she came to a little house all by itself. “Let me in,” said the Princess, knock ing: but she heard nothing. Then she knocked again ; but still there was no answer. “ I will enter,” said the Princess to herself; and as she said that, the door flew open. There was a fire on the hearth, and near it sat an old woman. “You are welcome,” said the old wo man. “You must now bake my bread, and spin my flax for me.” So the Princess rolled up her sleeves, and began to knead the old woman’s dough, and spin her flax. She rose early in the morning, and went to bed late at night, for there was so much bread to bake, and flux to spin, that she had no time to rest. At last, she made up her mind (o run away; but she could lind neither door nor window. She was not discouraged, however, for she thought, I am always to succeed; and by-and-by she spied a little step. “We will see where this leads to, she thought. So she went up, and there was another. She went up that, and fbund another, and another. In this way, she walked for a whole week, till she began to think that she was going up a mountain. Fi nally she came to a prodigious step. She tried to get up, and then she tried again, and, as usual, “I will succeed! ” she said to herself. At the same moment, she stepped up, and found herself right on the tip-end of the horn of the new moon. Oh, then she was frightened. “Fairy, fairy, save me!” she cried. “ The more I succeed the worse I am.” “ 1 am glad you have found that out!” answered the fairy, picking her up, and carrying her back to the King, her father, who was not in the goblin’s box after all. And let us hope, after this, that our Princess was not quite so fond of her own way. Mr. Dickens picked up this story during his last visit to America, and the Eng lish papers are repeating it with evident enjoyment: A man in this country knew everybody. Name what celebrity you could, Palmerston, Guizot, Arago, Landseer, Livingston, Mario—no matter. “O! yes, I knew him very well indeed.” At last a provoked cynic asked, “Did you happen to know the Siamese Twins ?” The omniscient, but conscientious, speak er at once replied ; “Well, one of them I knew exceedingly well, but I am not sure whether I ever happened to meet the other.” WIT AND HUMOR —i “Sambo, did you ever see the Catskil! Mountains ?” “No, Clem ; hut I’ve seen the eats kill mice.” Apropos to the heated term, a gentle man writes : “Last Saturday, my mother in-law came on a visit. In a short time it became so hot that I was obliged t leave home.” The Way to Do It.—A gentleman at a musical party asked a friend, in a wins- | per, “How shall I stir the fire, without in terrupting the music ?” “Between the bars,” replied the friend. Yes and No. —“Have I not a right to be saucy if I please ?” asked a youtpr lady of an old bachelor. “Yes, if you please, but not if you dis please. Rather. —A fresh arrival from Eng land went the other day to a livery stable in Norwich, Ct., and asked for a sleigh On being asked if he would have a buffa lo, he said he thought “’cd rather 'ave a ’oss.” The walls of Paris are now placarded with posters, bearing, m letters of enor mous size, the legend, “Don’t go to the sea shore without Amelia.” This indispen sable companion is not, as might be sup posed, an agreeable young woman. but a species of shoe adapted to walking on the sand. Et tu Brute !—The exclamation in- j stantly rises to our lips, on seeing this in the Boston Advertiser: Two persons are under trial in Detroit for smuggling nutmegs. That comes of not patronizing home manufactures Connecticut knows a better way. A Hapfy Retort. — “So here I am between two tailors,” cried a beau at a public table, where a couple of young tailors were seated, who had just c om menced business for themselves. “True,” was the reply, “we are beginners, and can only afford to keep one goose between us.” No Foundation.— A gentleman fear ing that a literary pretender, with "a plentiful lack of wit,” had been seized with a brain fever, dryly observed: “Oh, the thing’s impossible,” “Wev im possible ?” asked the informant. Be cause,” was the reply, “There’s no inun dation for the fever or the report. Cool.— The proprietor of the cele brated Clos Vougeot wine, called for a bottle at a restaurant, and was assure] i* was genuine. Taking a cork from hb pocket, he informed the landlord that all the real wine was stamped like the one he held in his hand. “How much do you ask a thon- u i for those corks?” was the cool rejoinder of the landlord. Smart Child. — I “Ma, didn’t the minis ter say last Sunday, that the spark- fie .v upward?” “Yes, my dear; how came you to he thinking ol it ?” “Because yesterday I saw cousin Sally’s spark stagger along the street and fall downward.” “Here, Bridget, put this child to bed. She must be getting sleepy.” There is no telling the extent of the misery inflicted in all parts of the Coun try, by the late hot weather. A gentle- ; man from New York, stopping at New port, who is passionately fond of shrimp, struck out anew idea, when lie a :eosted one of the waiters at the hotel with. "I say, waiter, these shrimps are uncom monly small.” Waiter—“ Small. s:r’ “Yes, sir.” “Werry sorry, sir ; but its along o’ the want o’ rain. Nothin' v u: grow this weather.” Tliis is related of a father, w! was one evening teaching his little boy ' cite his Sunday School less n was from the fourteenth chapter o‘ thew, wherein is related the parable o: a malicious individual, who went n-out sowing tares. “What is a tare 1 •'- ' J the anxious parent. “Tell me, m; J ‘ ! - what a tare is.” “Y r ou had ’em Jcliu ny, what do you mean ?*’asked the as tonished parent, opening his eye-' n'.y wide. “Last week, when you diiai come home for three days,” said •> • -•’ >■ “I heard mother tell aunt Susan til- you were on a tare.” Johnny was so:.' to bed. No Merit.— “ Why do you look y grum and cross, William, whenever I you to go out with me to any pa:'} 1 theatre ?” inquired Isabella. “My kve. said William, “there would ben u- n ; in going were I not making an aw- 11 sacrifice of my own feelings. Fei :■ the pleasure of showing that 1 g please you, dearest.” EPIGRAM.—Bx QUILP. The Laud was doubly tax’d wo tliot To carry ou the War; Now War is to a pesiod brought, Still more our taxes are. Strange conduct, this, all must allow, Hush! let your murmurs cease; You pay these double taxes ip w To carry on the peace.