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8 fouth’S'ffpMtmettt. ENIGMA— No. 86. I am composed of 17 letters: My 8,15,9,12, 8, 11, is a boy’s name. My 3.9, 10, 15, is the name of a bird. My 14, 2,1, 4,6, is the name of a girl. My 1,9, 2,3, is a passage. My 17, 11, 16, is a number. My 5,2, 17, is the name of an animal. My 6, 7. 15, is a drink. My 17, 4, 13, is a metal. My whole is what Georgia is tired of. S. M. I). Answer next week. Augusta, Go., Oct., 1868. ENIGMA—No. 87. I am composed of 26 letters: My 1,5, 16, 10, 8, is an animal. My 5, 11, 2, 4,17, is a beast of prey. My 25, 23, 19, 6, 16, is a small boat. My 20, 8, 14, 12, 2, 10, is a kind of fruit. My 13, 26, 24, is an article for ladies’ ÜBC. My 22, 14, 3, 21, is apart of the hand. My 9,7, 15, 18, is a small but useful animal. My whole is the name of a company that left Richmond County, Ga., during the late war. N. E. B. Answer next week. Augusta, Ga., 1868. ENIGMA—No. 88. lam composed of 17 letters: My 5,1, 10, 17, is a city in New York. My 1, 10, 13, 7, 15, 5, is the name of a boy. My 1,7, 13, is a name that every true Southerner is proud to bear. My 12, 2,3, 7, 15, is a river in Africa. My 13, 7,1, 12, 7, is the capital of a, Republic in Europe. My 14, 12, 12. 10, 13, 10, 12, is an island in the Gulf of Guinea. My 1,4, 10, 12, 7, is a river in France. My 14, 15, 14, 15, 14, 5, is a mountain in Asia. My 5,8, 7,1, is a city in Russia. My 3,7, 12, 7, 8, 14,is a lake in Switz erland. My 5, 14, 17, is a lake in Scotland. My, 13, 14, 12, 5,1, 17, is a city in Ireland. My 7,1, 12, 7, is a lake in Ireland. My 13, 14, 5,4, is a city in England. My whole is the name of a deceased Prelate, whose saintly life won the ad miration of all who knew him. Mamie. Answer next week. Washington , Ga., 18GS. ENIGMA—No. 89 1 am composed of 34 letters: My 25, 7, 14, 17, 23, is what the sin ner dreads. My 28, 20, 5, is the cause of all our sorrow. My 11, 18, 9, 23, 19,14, 21,16, is the seat of life. * My 33, 32, 15, 34, is the name of a beautiful flower. My 3,30, 1, 13, 24, is a celebrated citv in Arabia. My 13, 24,11.26, was an ancient Ro man General. My 12, 27, 14, 29, is a mop used for floor*. My 31, 2, 9 , is often s£en on rivers. My 17, 4, 10. is a ductile metal. My 25, 24, 8,4, 22, is a strait in North America. My whole is a much quoted line from one of Campbell’s poems, which the ex perience of numbers has confirmed. “Beatrice/’ Answer next week. St. Joseph’s Academy, Columbus, Ga., 1808. Answers to Last Week’s Enigmas, Etc.— To Enigma No. £3.—“All is not Gold that Glitters”—Alligator—Linotte —Gold—That—Sir. To Enigma No. 84—“ Love Thy Neighbor as Thyself.”—Grisctte—Favor ——Killy—Helot—Hyena—Those. To Enigma No. 85.—“ What Can’t be Cured must be Endured”—Beech— Terre Haute—Mustard—Duenna—Wed —Cab. [Prepared for the Banner of the South by Uucle Buddy.] FAMILIAR SCIENCE. C A R BO NIC AC ID —CONTINUED. [Note.—ln bottom line of last week’s series for "oxygen of the gas,” read "oxygen of the air.” —Ed.] Carbon unites more readily with oxy gen, Ist, When its temperature is raised; thus, if Carbon be red hot, oxygen will most readily unite with it; and, 2d, when it forms part of the fluid blood. Oxygen and Carbon readily unite in the blood because the atoms ot (jarbon are so loose ly attracted by the other materials of the blood that they unite very readily with the oxygen of the air inhaled. Carbonic acid is not wholesome. It is, in tact, total to human life, and, when ever it is inhaled, acts like a narcotic poison—producing drowsiness which some times ends in death. In the Island of Java is a valley about three-quarters of a mile in circumference, in which the carbonic acid gas rises to eighteen feet above the surface; from this cause the whole country is devoid of animal and vegetable life. A dog thrown down into it dies in fourteen seconds,, and birds attempting to fly across the valley drop down dead. It is called the Poison, or Upas Valley, and is the terror of the neighboring inhabitants. This valley is tho crater of an extinct volcano. You can find out if a place be infected with carbonic acid gas, by a lighted can dle. Thus, let alighted candle down into a pit or well, and if the pit or well con tains carbonic acid, the candle will be in stantly extinguished. The rule, there fore, is tliis: Where a candle will burn a man can live; but what will extin guish a candle will also destroy life. • A miner generally lowers a lighted candle into a mine before he descends, because the candle will be extinguished if the mine contains carbonic acid gas; but if the candle be not extinguished, the mine is safe, and the man may fearlessly descend. A crowded room will produce head ache, because in it we breathe air vitiat ed by the crowd. It is thus vitiated because it is deprived of its due propor tion of oxygen, and laden with carbonic acid. Aud this effect is produced in this way: The elements of the air in haled are inflated in the lungs; the oxy gen is converted in the blood into carbon ic acid, and the carbonic acid, together with the Nitrogen, is thrown back again by the breath into the room. All the nitrogen is rejected by the lungs, because all the nitrogen of the air is always ex pired. A crowded room is, therefore, unwholesome, because the oxygen of the air is absorbed by the lungs; and car bonic acid gas (which is a noxious poison,) is substituted for it. The following historical circumstances connected with “the Black Hole of Cal cutta” are well known to some of our readers, but, we presume, will be new and interesting to others : “In the reign of George 11, the Rajah (or Prince) of Bengal—the Sur Rajah, at Doulat, a young man of violent passions, who had just succeded to the throne, A. D.fl7 56 —marched suddenly to Calcutta to drive the English from the country. As the attack was unexpected, the English were obliged to submit, and one hundred forty-six persons were taken prisoners. They were driven into a place about eighteen feet square, and fifteen or six teen feet in height, with only two small grated windows. One hundred and twenty-three of the prisoners died in one night; and of the twenty-three who sur vived, the larger portion died of putrid fevers after they were liberated. These unfortunate men were thus suffocated in a few hours from confinement in this close, hot prison hole, because the oxygen of the air was soon consumed by so many lungs, and its place supplied by carbonic acid exhaled by the hot breath, Those cap tives died sleeping, became, Ist: The ab sence of oxygen quickly effects the vital functions, depresses the nervous energies and produces a lassitude which ends in death; and, 2d: Carbonic acid gas, being a narcotic poison, produces drowsi ness and death in those who inhale it. The Jungles of Java and Hindustan are so fatal to life, because vast quanti ties of carbonic acid are thrown off by decaying vegetables in these Jungles; and as the wind cannot penetrate the thick brush-wood to blow the pernicious gases away, it settles there and destroys animal life. Persons in a crowded church feel drowsy, because, Ist: The crowded con gregation inhale a large portion ot the oxygen of the air, which alone can sus tain vitality and healthy action; and, 2u: The air of the church is impregnated with carbonic acid gas, which, being a strong narcotic, produces drowsiness in those who inhale it. Persons who are much in the open air enjoy the best healtii, because the air they inhale is much more pure. Country air is more pure then the air of the cities, because, Ist: There are fewer inhabitants to vitiate the air ; 2d : There are more trees to restore the equili brium of the vitiated air; and, 3d: The free circulation of air keeps it pure and wholesome —in the same*way that run ning streams are pure and wholesome, while stagnant waters are the contrary. The scantiness of a country population renders the country air more pure, be cause the fewer the inhabitants the less carbonic acid will be exhaled; and thus, country people inhale pure oxygen, in stead of air impregnated with the nar cotic poison called carbonic acid gas. Trees and flowers help to make country air wholesome, because, Ist : Trees and flowers absorb the carbonic acid gener ated by the lungs of animals, putrid sub- Mll3S® m ESI I©SES. stances, and other noxious exhalations; and, 2d: Trees and flowers restore to the air the oxygen which man and the other animals inhale. The air of the cities is less wholesome then country air, because, Ist: There are more inhabitants to vitiate the air ; 2d : The sewers, drains, and filth of a city very greatly vitiate the air; 3d: The streets and alleys prevent a free circu lation; and, 4th : There are fewer trees to absorb the excess of carbonic acid gas, and restore the equilibrium. Persons who live in close rooms and in crowded cities are generally sickly, because the air they breathe is not pure, but is, in the first place, defective in oxygen; and, in the second place, is im pregnated with carbonic acid gas. The carbonic acid gas of close rooms and cities comes from the lungs of the inhabitants, the sewers, drains, and other places in which organic substances are undergoing decomposition. The car bonic acid gas of cities is consumed in this way: Some of it is absorbed by veg etables, while the rest is blown away by the wind, and diffused through the whole volume of air. The constant diffusion of carbonic acid does not effect the purity of the whole air, because it is wafted from place to place, and absorbed in its*passage by the vegetable world. Choke-damp is Carbonic acid gas accumulated at the bottom of wells, mines, and pits, which renders them noxious, and often fatal to life. THE MYSTERY OF AN OLD FORT. A let-er writer, in describing Fort Marion, one of the defences of St. <Au gustine, Fla., gives the following story: Fort Marion has an old, solemn, and rather threatening warlike appearance. The outer wall, five feet thick, of the ma terial called coquina (kokena), found in great abundance on the beach, near the light house, has quite a slant or inclina tion inward, several degrees from a perpendicular. An inner wall, two and a haT feet thick, standing perpendicular, keeps in position a bank of sand some eight or ten feet thick between the outer and inner walls. Behind these walls are arranged the casemates, strongly arched overhead, and extended all around the interior. Upon these arches and the walls, a floor of brick, stone, and concrete is laid, whereon the heavy guns of the fort are placed ; very few are in position now. Within the enclosure of the fort below, are piles of cannon balls and quite a number of old Spanish guns, partly eaten by rust. In 1858, while pulling some heavy guns in position on the Fort, an arch gave way, making a hole some five feet wide, disclosing a cell hitherto unknown to any person living. In this new and strange apartment were found one or two gun carriages, made of ma hogany, finely wrought. During the excavations made by the officers, one of them accidentally discovered the appear ance of a doorway that had been ma soned up. They determined to test the reality of the suggestion, and removing a few stones, revealed an opening into another cell, where was found a bedstead, on which lay the skeleton of a man chained to a huge staple in the wall; be side the bed stood an open mahogany chest live feet long, two and a half feet wide, sides of plank two inches thick, mounted with huge iron strap hinges and three enormous locks. No clue has yet been found to the history of this case, or the offence of this terribly punished victim. 0 # —.— The Little Sisters of the Poor.— After years of waiting and prayer, Almighty God has been pleased, chiefly by the instrumentality of a convert lady of this city, whose soul ‘glows with chari ty, to endow Cincinnati with a colony of Littb Sisters of the Poor The object of this new society is to provide a refuge for the poor, the sick, the blind, the halt, the lame, the friendless, both men and women, who have reached their sixtieth year. It was commenced, near Rennes, in Brittany, France, only twenty-eight years ago, by a humane French Priest, M. L. ’Abbe LePailleur, and it has al ready one hundred and twelve houses in France, England, Scotland, Ireland, Switzerland, and the United States. The Sister of the Foundress or First Super ior-General, is the Superioress of the institution in Cincinnati. Seven sisters form the community here. They have been conducted to our City by the Rev. Dr. LeLievre, formerly a lawyer in his native country, who gave 150,000f, of his own patrimony to establish those heroines of charity in France. He aided them in their feeble beginnings in Lon don, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Newcastle, Edinburg, Glasgow, and Wa terford. Everywhere they have been re ceived with acclamation by persons of every creed ; and beds, bedsteads, bed clothes, household utensils, and furniture, loaves of bread, vegetables, and alms have been sent by willing and loviDg hearts to enable the Little Sisters to take care of the aged poor, and to establish the “Republic of Charity.” The “Good Samaritan,” under the care of the devoted Sisters of Charity, has been doing its utmost to provide for our sick, aged, and poor. The Sisters of St. Fraficis have seconded their efforts faith fully ; but here is a specialty, the tender, compassionate, respectful care of sexa genarians of both sexes, whose beds will be turned, whose pillows will be softened, whose last days will be soothed, whose dying eyes will be directed heavenward by those handmaids of Providence. Ladies of Cincinnati, the three houses of charity, the Hotels Dicu, we have named, and the Orphan Asylum are commended to you. Visit them, assist them, cheer their heroic conductresses in their labor of love. Many of you have fine houses, equippages, costly dresses, lots of leisure, may be idle hands, plenty of money ; what will you answer on the great day, when He, who made the cup of your prosperity overflow,• will ask you why, when He was sick, you had not visited Him ? This reproach, we trust, you will not deserve, or the sentence that follows it. But take care, God is not to be tri fled with.— Cin. Gath. Telegraph. Well Put. —“ls the Pope a Free- Mason ?”—This is the silly question that we find propounded in the “Special Cor respondence of tho Daily News.” We reply, “No, he is not, and cannot be, no matter what some unprincipled slanderers may assert to the contrary.” The origin of this very silly libel upon the illustrious Pontiff is thus given by the French papers, and reproduced by the Minerve. The Siecle, a French infidel paper, having given circulation to the libel, ac cording to which the Pope was received a Free Mason, at the epoch of the French Invasion of Italy, and when, as a young man, he resided at Sinigaglia, is thus refuted by M. L’Abbe Cognetti: 111. At the time of the first French Invasion of Italy, in 1795, Pius IX was only three years old, and it is not proba ble that the astute Free Masons admit babes into their ranks. 121. At the epoch of the second French invasion, 1809, Pius IX., then seventeen years of age, was not a resident of Sini gaglia, as he then lived at Pazaro, with his uncle, the Archbishop of that place. It is thus that the “lie with a circum stance,” always a dangerous lie, is disposed of. And, even were the story* true, which it is not, what then ? St. Augustin, in his younger days, was ensnared by the Manicheans; nevertheless, he died in the odor of sanctity, and by many Protest ants, as well as by Catholics, he is still esteemed as one of the greatest of the Doctors of the Church ! So a man might be entrapped by the Free Masons in his inexperience and youth, and yet be a good Catholic, holding all secret societies in abhorrence in his mature years. |We find the above in the Montreal True 1 Jt7/?css.] % A Pointed Thrust. —During the ses sion of one of the Recorder’s Courts, yesterday, a merry-faced and bright-eyed Milesian was arraigned for disorderly conduct. The Judge inquired, very an grily, “if he was not ashamed to be there?” “ ’Pon my soul I am, yer honor.” “You are in very disreputable com pany.” “I know it yer honor.’ 7 “It is shameful !’ 7 “Too true,” was the penitent rejoinder. “If I permit you to go this time, will you ever be caught in such company again ?” "Not unless your honor sends for me I' 1 was the meek reply, in a tone so exquisitely sarcastic, that no doubt of his meaning was left on the minds of the audjence.— N. O, Picayune. Daniel Boone, the famous hunter and pioneer of Kentucky, was born in Vir ginia, and, from his earliest infancy, took to the woods. In 1769, with a few friends, and, after numerous romantic ad- he founded Boonsboro, the first settlement in Kentucky, now a flourish ing town, but, at that time, a wilderness. He was afterwards made a prisoner by the Indians, but escaped, and, by the aid of a small party, was able to repulse them on several occasions, though the -wily savages used treachery, and every art in their power, to overcome or overreach him. At length, in 1798, he-removed to upper Louisiana, where he received a grant of 2,000 acres of land for himsell, and 800 for each one of his children and followers. He settled with them on the Missouri river, where he spent tho rest of his life in hunting and trapping bears, until September, 1822, when lie died* aged 84. TO and Ifarnot “Mr. Bismuth, what are the avera? length of horns up your way?” Finker of his friend. “Very short, v erv short, my dear sir. Don’t reach half li the tumbler.” A Paris newspaper contains the follow, ing interesting advertisement: j fl ther wants to find for his son a school where he can get a healthy and manly instruction, and where the teachers and , not fill the heads of the boys with hum. bug stories about nations which died and were buried thousands of centuries ago ” A mother, trying to get her little daughter of three years old to sleep one night, said: “Anna, why don't you try to «- 0 asleep ?” “I am trying,” she replied. “But you havn’t shut your eyes ” “Well, can’t help it; urns comes unbut toned.” The Hartford (Jourant says there arc more deacons in Weathersfield than an other place in Connecticut. The other day a well known deacon went to the steamboat wharf to see a friend off, and as the boat started the friend said, ‘ Good by, dea con.;” whereupon twelve men. who stood upon the wharf, immediately tipped their hats, and responded, “Good-by, Sir.” Goon Hit at Pulimt Phofaxht.—-A few y’ears ago, at the conclusion of a ser mon, the preacher requested some one to pass around the hat, and “take up a col lection.” A young man, a stranger in the place, jumped up and commenced “circu lating the hat” in such a way as to finish the iob at the door, and pass out with the proceeds. The preacher, eyeing him as he went out, observed : “If that young rtian runs away with that money, he’ll be damned.” A deacon sitting by the win dow, seeing him make off down the street, responded: “And if he hasn’t run away with that money, I’ll bed and” When Kit was young, and sweet, and fair, one day the lovely lass gazed on her soft reflected charms, and thus addressed the glass : “How bright thv crystal sur face shines ! how clear my image shows! sure Venus’ mirror never did so fair a form disclose.” The years swept on, and once again poor Kit, no longer young, her form surveyed, and, to the glass, this la mentation sung : “How ean’st thou tell the bitter truth, that all our charms must die? Had’st thou a heart, ’twould melt with ruth, and teach thee bow to lie. My withered brow thou’dst still present as smooth and white as snow: thou’dst light mine ..eyes at beauty,s flame, and roses paint below. I half believe— -it must be so! ’tisthy dull, faded ray, that mak’st my beauty' fainter show, and turn’st my hair so gray. Yes, yes! I’ll have thy frame regiit, thy glass resilvered too; and then, no doubt, poor Kitty will her bloom of youth renew.” Benton and Foote.— We find this in recently published reminiscences of Ben ton : "When Benton had abused Foote, of Mississippi, to the height of his terrible invective, he advanced towards him, and Foote drew a pistol, still on the floor of the Senate, and presented it. Senators rushed in. All was confusion. “Fire, sir! Fire, sir!” cried Benton, opening his breast.’ Foote, after peace was restored, apolr ogized that lie drew the pistol in self-de fence. “Every assassin,” thundered Benton, “makes the plea of self-defence. That’s the assassin’s plea ! the contrivance of a coward, and the subterfuge of a scoun drel !” Foote supposing, as did everbody, that Benton always went armed, suggested the same to account for his own weapon. “No, sir !” cried Benton. “I scorn to do it. I scorn it. Never carried a pis tol in my life. Never knew anybody but a coward to do so.” Pew Whisperings. — Mary Ellen (anx iously)—Betsy Jane, isn’t rav chignon coming off? Betsy Jane No! Can’t you move a little farther? You are creasing my lace flounces. Mary Ellen (moving a little) —Don’t you think Busan Brown looks dreadful homely ? What big feet she has, and how she wad dles into her pew. Betsy Jane —Y as there ev—o! there’s Charley! Unt he a perfect Adonis ? How Ido wish he would iook our way. Mary Ellen (smiling sweetly)—Ah! 1 see him. He’s looking towards us. Betsy Jane (angrily -Mb isn’t looking at you, so you needn t ad like a fool. The Minister's going' ,u pray. Mary Ellen (sucking lemon dropj —Those long prayers of lus are positive ly awful, and 1 shan't try to keep awake Betsy Jane (peeping through her linge> at Charlie.) —Go to sleep inydear; ! shan’t disturb you. Mary Ellen (gaping_ I don’t exactly say I shall—but i l ' shall.