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62 mer on the fourth of March, 1791 —the latter on the Ist of June, 1792. By another act of Congress in 1821, (we believe) it was provided that from and after the following fourth of July, ihe tlag of the United States should consist of thirteen hori zontal stripes, and the Union be composed ol twenty stars. The same act also provided, j that on the admission of every new State in to the Union, one star should be added to the j flag—which addition should take effect on the fourth of July then next succeeding such ad misssion. Os course, the present flag of the United States consists of thirteen stripes amt thirty stars. By this regulation the strpes represent the number of States, by whose va lor and resources American Independence was achieved- -while the additional stars mark the increase of the States since the adoption of the present Constitution. 1 SIZE OF THE FEMALE WAIST. Woman ought to measure from twenty-sev en to twenty-nine inches round the waist, but most females do not permit themselves to grow beyond twenty-four. Thousands are laced to twenty-two—some of them less than twenty, and thus by whalebone, wood, and steel, the chest is reduced to half its proper size. TAKING IT LITERALLY. When Dick Aimz first crossed into York State from the Canada side, he took lodgings at an inn in Canandaigua. A waiting-maid sat at the table with them, and Dick spoke of her as the servant , to the no small scandal of mine host, who told him that in his house ser vants were called help. Very well ; next morning, the whole house were alarmed by a loud shouting from of “Help! help! water! water! help!” In an instant every person in the inn equal to the task rushed in to Dick’s room with a pail of water. “ I’m much obliged to ye to be sure,” said Dick, “ but here is more than I want to shave with!”— “Shave with!” quoth mine host, “you call ed “ help!” and “ water!” and we thought the house was on fire.” “Ye told me to call the servant l 'helpr and do you think I would cry water when I meant fire.' 1 ' 1 “Give it up,” said the landlord, as he led oil’ the line of buck ets. % Dark Corner. For the Southern Literary Gazette. AN ORIGINAL CHARADE. Five letters in my whole are found, A word in common use; Though never sick, my pains abound; No lruit —yet full of juice ; Though speechless—l am wont to cast, Reflections on my friends: Who loves mo, runs to ruin fast, And to perdition tends: Such is my whole, and now remove My crown that tits me well, And cold indeed the heart must prove, That does not own my spell. Yet strike once more and you shall see A transformation rare! First five, then four, and lastly three: Reader ! my names declare ! Itfifjt for tijr Dark bonier. For the Southern Literary Gazette. ANSWER TO CHARADE IN NO. VI. E dwells in the zephyr and breeze, But no t. in the wind and the air; All spices and places have e’s, And so too have terror and fear! No face is without it complete, But ’tis not in tho morning, its clear ; Its form in the light, you’ll not meet, Though in eve it will ever appear. Not in you is it found, but of me, Only half would remain without E! following pretty answer to Mr. Canning's Riddle did not reach us until after we had published one reply; but it is so ap propriate, and withal, so epigrammatic, that we cheerfully give it insertion, and hope to hear again from our fair young friend “ Jo sephine. v Alas! how “ plural” are our cares. Our woes, our sorrows and our fears! Yet, ’mid this catalogue of ills, One drop of joy our life-cup fills, When, skill'd to make our sorrows less, Love soothes our cares with fond caress ! ©©snnaisM il at&si a& ¥ ©a pljilosopl)ij for tl)c People. ICE, Ice, when converted into water, absorbs and combines with 149 degrees of caloric.— Water, then, after being cooled down to 33 degrees, cannot freeze until it has parted with 150 degrees of caloric; and ice, after being heated to 32 degrees which is the exact freez ing point, cannot melt till it has absorbed 140 degrees more of caloric. This is the cause of the extreme slowness of the operation. There can be no doubt, then, that water owes its fluidity to its latent caloric, and that its calo ric of fluidity, is 140 degrees. However long we may boil water in an open vessel, we can not make it the smallest degree hotter than its boiling point, or 212 degrees. When ar rived at this point, the vapor absorbs the heat and carries it off as fast as it is generated. Hence in cooking, we attain the general heat at the boiling point, though by increasing the ; fire, we increase the evaporation. Owing to the quantity of caloric that liquids require to convert them into vapor, all evaporation pro duces cold. An animal might be frozen to death in the midst of summer, by repeatedly sprinkling ether upon him. The evapora tion would shortly carry off the whole of his vital heat. OTTO. OF ROSE, At the last sessionof the Franklin Institute, it was stated that the otto (or atter) of rose is both a volatile and essential oil, made gener ally in Turkey by immersing the leaves in water, when the oil rises to the surface, and is gathered by cotton. We seldom get it in its pure state, it being mixed with the oil of beanseed, but, this may be detected by drop ping it on clean paper, and evaporating; if pure, there is no trace left of it, but it adul terated, it leaves a translucent spot. The flower of which it is made, is not similiar to our roses, nor does it have the same flavor, and the otto in its concentrated form is quite dis agreeable. THRASHING BY MUSIC. A modem traveller in Germany gives an amusing account of the manner in which grain is thrashed there—a business, to he ex pert in which, one would think, must require a master for instruction, as much as any other art or accomplishment. It is not unusual for pedagogues, in thrashing idle urchins, to lay on the blows in regular crescendo, running ii}) through all the gradations to the loftiest “ staccato;” but we never heard of musical harmony being introduced into grain-thrash- 1 ing before. Yet, after all, what is the story of Amphion building Thebes by the shakes of his hurdy-gurdy, but an allegorical illus tration of the same benefit of lightening labor by music ? But to our extract. “The Germans,” says the writer, “ thrash with a perfect regard to tirfffe, in all the alterations of triple and com mon measure, making the transition from one to the other with the greatest exactness. — There are sometimes no fewer than seven or eight flails in concert; when it is a simple quarter, and one of the performers happens to drop out, which is frequently the case, the transition is immediately, and without the least interruption, into triplets. Occasionally the effect is graced by some very delicate gra dations of forte and piano, raliemando, cres cendo, morcendo, accellerando, —and tfre whole executed with as much precision as if a note-book lay before each. When the pi ano is to he particularly delicate, the tips of the flails are used, which affords an opportu nity of combining grace with dexterity; it is then the merest, scarcely audible tap, and costs the least possible effort. Then comes the crescendo, swelling into a tremendous barn-echoing staccato —downright thrashing in fact, and what I particularly wish to en force upon the farmer, the flail, the whole movement is never raised higher than the head, which 1 could not help especially ta king note of, for the good of our practical ag riculturists, when I recollect how much un necessary brawn is expended on our thrash ing floors to no purpose. Thus we see his genius for Music never forsakes the German in any situation or occupation of life ; it fol lows him into his commonest employments; and no doubt is their advantage, on the prin ple of “studio fallere laborem,” in making it in all similar exertions, an arithmetical oper ation.” Phosphorous in the Brain. —The pro portion of phosphorous in the brain of per sons of sound intellect, is from 2 to 2.5 per cent. In the brain of maniacs it is from 3 to 4.5 and in the brain of idiots only from 1 to 1.5 per cent. NEW SPOKE MACHINE. Mr. Emerson Goddard, of Petersham, Mass, has invented anew Spoke Machine, which will turn and tennon 20 spokes in a minute. All that is required is to place the wood on a bench, the large ends all one way. It is self feeding and self-piling, leaving them when turned in a regular pile under one side of the machine, opposite to the feeding side. The above number turned out per minute, are of 23 inches in length. Lasts and fork handles, Mr. Goddard writes us, can be turned in it with nearly the same facility as spokes. We irusttobe able to present an engraving of this machine in a future number. —Scientific American. ANOTHER TELEGRAPH. The following notice of a newly invented telegraph, from an English paper, seems al most incredible, but the editor of the London Telegraph states that he has examined the ap paratus, and that the means are simple and economical. If this description proves true, the copying telegraph must supersede ail others. We have this week seen a specimen of writ ing by the copying telegraph, invented by Mr. F. C. Bakewell, wherein words traced from the original were legibly copied on paper by an instrument that had no connection with the one to which the transmitted message was applied, excepting by the usual wires from the volcanic battery. The letters traced on the paper appear of a pale color, on a dark ground formed by numerous lines drawn close together. The communications thus traced, we understand, may be transmitted at the rate of 500 letters of the alphabet per minute, of ordinary writing; and were short hand sym bols employed, the rapidity of transmission would be quadrupled. When this means of correspondence is in operation, instead of dropping a letter into the post-office, and wait ing days for an answer, we may have it cop ied at the distant town in a minute or less, and receive a reply in our correspondent’s hand writing almost as soon as the ink is dry with which it was penned. There are vari ous means, too, for preserving the secrecy of correspondence, the most curious of which is, 1 that the writing may be rendered nearly invis ible in all parts but the direction, until its de livery to the person for whom it is designed. The operations of the copying telegraph are not limited to the tracing of written charac ters. Letter-press-printing maybe copied with even greater rapidity than writing, and fac simile copies of the morning papers may thus be transmitted to Liverpool and Manchester long before the papers themselves are deliver ed to their readers in London. The means by which these astonishing effects are produc ed we are not at present permitted to state, as the invention is not yet protected ; but we are assured that the method is simple, and that the mechanism is neither costly nor likely to get out of order. It is, indeed, one of the pe culiar features of the copying telegraph that it cannot commit errors, because the commun ications it transmits are sac-similes of the original writing. GALVANIC SPECTACLES. Mr. J. S. I’ able, optician of Worcester Mass., has invented something new in the way of spectacles. He has constructed that part of the bows holding the glasses and the bridge of two metals, viz., silver and zinc, and he is confident of having achieved an im portant improvement by an uninterrupted flow of electricity, which lie believes invigorates the eyes and actually relieves them from a world of small physical annoyances, indepen dently of waning vision. ‘By touching the tip of the tongue on the nose-piece an unmis takable sensation is produced, and a flash of light is instantly perceptible. Mr. Paine thinks lie feels a cool current constantly pas sing by the orbits while the glasses are worn. Like a genuine \ankee, he secures a patent, of course, and if the discovery equals his ex i pectations, the millions of spectacle wearers of all countries will soon begin to pay tribute to New England ingenuity. The subject is one that should command the attention of physicians, since anew province for explor ation is exposed to view. GLASS AND MILK. Glass is very advantageous for milk pans, because it is anon-conductor of electricity.— It is well know n that the effects of electricity j upon milk in tin pans during thunder storms turn it to acid. Milk sealed up in glass bot- ! le ‘Vn-H keq) lor a lon .S ti,ne - This is done bj filling the bottles with warm milk, turnin <r them upside down in the milk basin and then sealing quickly, so as to allow T no air to be in I the bottle. A Column QrrcctcD to A r un. TAKING DEGREES. “ Are you a Bachelor of Arts 1 ” Enquired a pretty maid Os a collegian dashing bean, Who by her side delayed. “ Master of Arts,” the youth replied, “ Yet all hearts I’d resign, If thou would’st only kindly say, I’m master but of thine ! ” CHANCELLOR KENT. A contemporary tells the following anec dote of this truly noble man, who has recent ly gone the way of all the living. Whether true or not, it is at any rate quite character istic : He was exceedingly fond of martial music; and, and hearing the drums of a recruiting party, wdio had taken a station at the corner of the street, beating a point of war, he walk ed out to listen to it nearer. Insensibly he w T as whistling the burthen of the tune, when the man of war accosted him— “ You are fond of such music, then, my fine fellow 7 ! ” “ Very! ” was the reply. “ Well, then,” said Sergeant Kite, “ why nol join us? Good quarters —good pay —large bounty; besides, our Captain is a glorious fel low'. Why w'on't you, now? You can’t do better.” “Well,” said the Chancellor, “I have one pretty strong objection.” “What is it?” asked the sergeant. “Why, just now 7 , I happen to have a bet ter trade.” “What trade is it ?” said the inquisitor. “ I am Chancellor of the State of New York.” “Whew!” interjected the sergeant. “Strike up! quick time! fonvard, march!” Off tramp ed the military man, without looking behind him; leaving the Chancellor to enjoy his Jaugh at the adventure. A YOUNG PHILOSOPHER, “ Will you give me them pennies, now ? ” said a big news-boy to a little one, after thumping him most severely. “No I won’t.” “Then, I’ll give you another pounding.”— “Pound aw'ay and he . Me and Dr. Franklin agrees—Doctor Franklin says ‘Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.’ ” SYMPATHY. The sympathy of friends in the hour of trial is a blessing of which w r e would not slightly speak, but when that sympathy takes the form of poetry, and the wounded spirit is treat ed hydropathically, and absolutely drenched w r ith the waters of Helicon—why, we must laugh. Here is something now which would have made Job himself forget his afflictions. “ But sickness and afflictions is trials sent By the will of a wise creation, And always ought to be underwent, AV itli fortytude and resignation. 1 hen inourn not for your pardner’s death, But to submit endevyej^ For sposen she hadent diedOftsoon, fehe couldent a lived forever.” POSING A PEDAGOGUE. “ Sally Jones, have you done the sum I set you ?” “No thir, I can’t do it.” “Can’t do it! I’m ashamed of you.—Why. at }oui age J could do any sum that was set me. I hate that word can’t! for there is no sum that can’t be done, I can tell you.” 77 1 think thir. that I knowth a thum you can’t thifer out.” Ila! well, well, Sally! Let’s hear it.’ J •• It ith thith, thir: If one apple caused the ium ol the whole human rath, how many thuch will it take to make a barrel of thider, thir?” ••Miss Sally Jones, you may turn to your parsing lesson.” “Yeth thir.” - - rg A RARE RECOMMENDATION. Lord Chancellor rhurlow said to a clergy man, who without any letter of introduction, applied for a vacant rectory, “ Whom have you to recommend you ?” “Only the Lord of Hosts, my lord.” ‘W ell, replied Thurlow, “as it is the first recommendation I have from his lordship, be assured I shall attend to it,” and conferred the living upon him.