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down at their will, and who retort the sneer
of the “soft hand” by pointing to their tro
phies wherever art, science, civilization, and
humanity, are known. Work on man of toil!
thy royalty is yet to be acknowledged as la
bor rises toward the highest throne of power.
Work on, and in the language of a true
poet, be
“ A glorious man ! and thy renown shali be
Borne through the winds and waters through all
time,
While there’s a keel to carve it on the sea
From clime to clime,
Or God ordains that idleness is crime ! ”
WAGES OF LABOR.
For the laboring elapses, the state of things
in Britain is growing worse and worse every
year, so says Robert Dale Owen. Some,
however, deny this, and say that the English
laborer is now more comfortable than ever,
but the latter opinion is contradicted by all
history. The real comforts, essentials of life,
were more easily obtained by the working
classes of England one hundred years ago
than now. The reason of this is that wealth
is steadily accumulating in fewer and fewer
hands. *ln 1775 the soil of England was
owned by 240,000 proprieters; in 1815, the
number had decreased to 30,000, and is still
diminishing, and only one person in 800 has
any ownership in the soil Os course pauper
ism is steadily on the increase.
ODT OF PROPORTION.
One day Dick called to see his friend Cobb.
C. happened to be absent for a few minutes,
but on returning, who should he see but Dick,
earnestly exploring a map of Asia that was
suspended upon the wall, measuring the scale
with a pair of compasses that he found on the
table, and then applying them to a large ti
ger, the artist had introduced to embellish it as
one of the animals of the country. “By Hea
vens, Cobb,” exclaimed Dick, “ I should nev
er have believed it! Surely it must be a mis
take. Observe now —here,” poiming to the
tiger, u here is a tiger that measures two and
twenty leagues. Why, it is scarcely credi
ble !”
JjJtyilosopljt] for tljc people.
OIL FROM TURPENTINE.
A correspondent of the Boston Post, writ
ing from Newbern, N C., says there has late
ly been started in that place a manufactory
for the purpose of making oil out of rosin.—
This is anew discovery, and promises to be
anew source of profit in the great staples of
North Carolina. There are some millions of
barrels of turpentine distilled in the State ev
ery year, and each barrel makes nearly a bar
rel of rosin, besides seven or eight gallons of
spirits of turpentine. The rosin is not half of
the time worth the barrels and freight; con
sequently they let it run out on to the ground ;
fill up gutters, pave streets and wharves with
it. By the process lately discovered, a bar
rel of rosin heated to a certain point, will
make nearly a barrel of oil. The oil is of a
reddish color, smells of the rosin, and in con
sequence of the large amount of carbon it
contains, gives out too much smoke for a
lamp oil. It bums well, and quite likely
some way may be discovered for purifying it
to make an excellent oil for lamps. If some
shrewd genius should set his wits to work
and make the discovery, he would coin his
fortune by it; as North Carolina could fur
nish oil enough to trim all the lamps in Chris
tendom; and it can be furnished for fifteen
cents a gallon.
CURIOUS FACTS IN NATURAL HISTORY.
T he rattlesnake finds a superior foe in the
deer and the black snake. Whenever .a buck
discovers a rattlesnake in a situation which
invites attack, he loses no time in preparing
for battle. He makes up to within ten or
twelve feet of the shake —then leaps forward
and aims to sever the body of the snake with
his sharp, bifurcated hoofs. The first onset
is most commonly successful, but if otherwise;
the buck repeats the trial until he cuts the
snake in twain. The rapidity and fatality
of his skilful manoeuvre leave but a slight
chance for its victim either to escape or to in
ject his poison into his more alert antagonist.
The black snake is also more than an equal
competitor against the rattlesnake. Such is
its celerity of motion, not only in running,
hut in entwining itself round its victim that
the rattlesnake has no way of escaping from
its fatal embrace. When the black and rat
tlesnake are about to meet for battle, the for
mer darts forward at the height of his speed,
and strikes at the neck of the latter with un
erring certainity, leaving a foot or two of the
0IFM& IE ¥ ©ASSTFITB.
upper part of his own body at liberty. In
an instant he encircles his within five or six
folds; he then stops and looks the strangled
and gasping foe in the face, to ascertain the
effect produced upon his corseted body. If
he shows sighs of life, the coils are multipli
ed and the screws tightened —the operator all
the while narrowly watching the countenance
of the helpless victim. Thus the two remain
thirty or iorty minutes, —the executioner then
slackens one coil, noticing at the same time
whether any signs of life appear; if so, the
coil is resumed, and retained until the incar
cerated wretch is.completely dead. The moc
casin snake is destroyed in the same way.
THE FRENCH SEWING MACHINE.
The inventor of this machine is an humble
artisan who has a great mechanical genius,
and who has been engaged for thirty years
in the perfection of his invention. He receiv
ed a patent for it in France a few years ago,
and it is said that for twenty-five years he
sought in vain to make it work, and that the
thought flashed all at once upon his mind, re
garding its true and perfect principle. The
machine was introduced into London some
time last year, and has attracted much atten
tion in that city. It is very cheap. Some
are sold for twenty dollars, and the price var
ies from that to thirty. They are sold by a
Mr. Schmidt, No. 28 Sutton Street, London.
The machine is fixed on a table, and is a
very small box. It is worked by a treadle,
and every movement of the foot produces a
corresjo.iding action in the needle; so that
300 stitches can easily be made in a minute.
The hands are merely used to guide the ma
terial being sewn, and by turning a screw the
size of the stitch is instantly varied. The
machine will sew, stitch and form cords and
plaits. The stitch is the tambour or crotchet
stitch. The whole value of the invention
consists in making machinery to what was
hitherto done by tne fingers, and thus resolv
ing a problem supposed impracticable.
The beauty of this machine is that it can
work button holes and embroider. M. Mag
nin, who exhibited it in London, wore an en
tire suit worked by it, consisting of a coat,
vest, pants and all their appurtenances. To
France belongs the credit of this invention.
M. Thimonnier is the name of the inventor,
and his fame will go down to posterity with
that of Jacquare. —Scientific American.
——.— i ■ i
THE ELECTRIC LIGHT.
An English periodical says:—On Thursday
night we had an opportunity of witnessing
another exhibition of Mr. Straite’s electric
light, at the Bazar, Baker street. Certainly
the light produced was most splendid, both
as to quantity and quality. Although the
light itself was no larger than about the size
of a common pea, we could distinctly read
small print (similar to the type in which this
is printed)at the further end of the coach gal
lery, a distance of about 130 feet from the
light. Colored objects, such as flowers, rib
bons, &c., appeared as distinct as they would
by light of day; even the yellows were as
distinct as if viewed by the light of the sun.
———i >
LIGHT.
A ray c>f light contains three principles, eaeh
of which produces a different effect—the illum
inative, the heating, and the chemical princi
ples. The chemical element of the ray is the
one which produces changes in the leaves of
plants, and also upon dauguerreotype plates.
It is absorbed in both cases. The images of
leaves, therefore, cannot be impressed upon
the plate of the photographer, for the chemical
ray being absorbed by the leaf, is not reflect
ed upon the plate.
A ray of light which penetrates a pie"e of
glass or a body of water in an oblique direc
tion deviates from the straight line, whilst if
it falls on a crystal of limestone, (calcareous
spar,) it is split, and the parts deviate at un
equal angles from the original direction.
ADVANTAGE OF WETTING BRICKS.
Few people, except builders, are aware of
the advantage of wetting bricks before laying
them. A wall 12 inches thick built up of
good mortar, with bricks well soaked is
stronger in every respect than one 16 inches
thick, built dry. The reason of this is, that
if the bricks are saturated with water, they
will not abstract from the mortar the moisture
which is necessary 7 to its t crystalization, and
on the contrary, they will unite chemically
with the mortar and become as solid as a
rock. On the other hand, if the bricks are
put up dry, they immediately take all the
moisture from the mortar, leave it to dry and
harden, and the consequence is, that when a
building of this description is taken down, or
tumbles down of its own accord, the mortar
falls from it like so much sand.— N. Y. Sun
Curious Invention.— The Newark Adver
tiser states that Dr. Cotton is exhibiting in
that city a curious invention—a circular rail- (
raod with an engine ! and car driven upon the
track by electricity —but the electricity is ap- i
plied only to the track, and herein consists
the peculiarity of the invention. No power
is applied directly to the engine and car, and
yet they move off with wonderful rapidity up
on an electrified trac k.
Steam Carriages in Cities. —The St.
Louis New Era staiesthat a project has been !
submitted by an experienced engineer in that
city to the City Council to run an omnibus on
Broadway, from North Market to the Upper
Ferry, the vehicle to be propelled by steam.
It is further proposed to water or sprinkle the
street the whole contemplated line, by the
same agency, thp persons living on the street
to pay if they choose for the same.
Ttnaleits.
PROSPECTIVE POPULATION OF THE
UNITED STATES.
The last number of Hunt’s Merchant’s
Magazine contains the following startling
calculation which is yet strictly within the ra
tional limits of probability :
‘ In 1840, the United States had a popula
tion of 17,068,666. Allowing its future in
crease to be at the rate of 33 £ per cent, for
each succeeding period of ten years, we shall
number in 1940,303,701,641. Past experi
ence warrants us to expect this increase. In
1790, our number was 3,927,827. Suppo
sing it to have increased each decade in the
ratio of per cent, it would in 1840 have
amounted to 16,660,250, being more than
a half million less than our actual number as
shown by the census. With 300,000,000 we
should have less than 150 to the square mile
for our whole territory, and but 120 to the
square mile for our organized States and ter
ritories. England has 300 to the square mile.
It does not, then, seem probable that our pro
gressive increase will be materially checked
within the one hundred years under consider
ation. At the end of that period, Canada will
number at least 20,000,000. If we suppose
the portion of our country east and west of
the Appalachian chain of mountains, known
as the Atlantic slope, to possess at the time
40,000,000, or near five times its present num
ber, there will be left 260,000,000 for the great
central region between the Appalachian and
the Rocky Mountains, and betwen the Gulf
of Mexico and Canada, and for the country
west of the Rocky Mountains. Allowing
the Oregon Territory 10,000,000, there will
be left 250,000,000, for that portion of the
American States lying in the basins of the
Mobile, Mississippi and St. Lawrence. If to
these we add 20,000,000 for Cana ’a, we have
270.000,000 as the probable number that will
inhabit the North American valley at the end
of one hundred years commencing in 1840.
If we suppose one-third, or 90,000.000 of this
number to reside in the country as cultivators
and artisans, there will be 180,000,0000 left
for the towns, enough to people 360, each
containing half a million. This does not seem
as incredible as that the valley of the Nile,
scarcely twelve miles broad, should have once
as historians tell us, contained 20,000 cit
ses.’
CELEBRATED TREES.
There have been trees possessing the same
associations of affection, awe, or reverence,
which are awakened in the mind by old cas
tles, the homes of genius, or the solemn tem
ples of religion. The oak of Mamre continu
ed through centuries to affect the wild inhabi
tant of the desert ; the angels who appeared
to Abraham seemed still to sanctify it in the
eye of the wandering Arab. Till the time of
Constantine, pilgrimages were made to these
trees. Tradition points to a banyan tree, on
the banks of the Nerbuda, beneath whose
boughs the Indian beheld the retiring cavalry
of Alexander. Some of our own oaks may
have shone with the Roman eagle. In the
garden of the convent of the San Onofrio, on
ths Janiculum Hill, the traveller is shown the
oak that sheltered the dying Tasso. The
grave of Clopstock is shadowed by a lime,
tree. The Persian poet, Hafiz, is said to be
buried under a cypress which he had planted.
The elm under which the founder of the State
of Pennsylvania signed the first treaty with
the Indians; the sycamore at Trons, where
the Swiss deputies assembled in 1424 to take
the oath to deliver themselves from bondage, i
are interesting records of history. The ce- S
dars at Wilton are genuine decendants from !
the sacred trees of Lebanon, having been ra ; s- j
1 ed from seeds which the traveller Pococks
brought from that mountain. The fig tree
planted by Pococks in the garden of Christ
Church, Oxford, still flourishes, and recently
gained a prize by the excellence of its fruit.
The fig tree planted by Cramer in the garden
of the Manor House at Micham, continued
green until 1790. The admirer of romantic
courage visits, at Ellerslie, in Renfewshire,
the native village of Wallace, the oak where
the Scottish hero concealed himself with 300
men; and, before 1816, the oak at Northam,
under which Elizabeth breakfasted, remained
to awaken thought of chivalry, and to recall
the glories of the maiden reign.— Frazier's
Magazine.
Broom Reform. —A mechanic at the milta
on the Rampo river has invented a machine
for making brooms, which threatens to exter
minate broom corn. It takes a billet of white
ash, and in a trice cuts it fine like the Manil
la grass used for brushes. The brooms can
be made for two cents each, and they are said
to work quite as well in every respect as corn
brooms, and to be much more enduring.
.fragments of .fun.
POEMS OF PROGRESS.
A pretty fair burlesque, this, upon all those
‘poems of progress, ’ which now’ find such con
spicuous places in How its Journal , and other
reforming periodicals; and thence get copied
into many of the newspapers of the same
class:
THE WORLD-SOUL.
Die Erdegeist flight
Indem Grefacht der Erde.—Prosenkefeßw
The World-Soul rusheth
Into the World’s strife ;
The morning blusheth
Like youth full of Life t
Noon comoth—
So doth night ;
Hope phuneth
Her wings for flight.
From the skies, Stars
Fall;
In the woods, Bars
Growl ;
What of that, O, Brave Heart f
Art thou lab’rer —
Labor
On ;
Art thou poet
Go it
Strong.— Express..
What Sal told Ned Bobbles. — u Marm r
what du ye think Sal told Ned Bobbles last
night, when he was a sparkin’ her?” “Shut
up, child!” what are you talking about ?”
“No, but I hearn her, 1 did, She told Ned
Bobbles she kinder felt—” “ Hush, you lit
tle rascal! Hush, or I’ll take your skin off!
and poor Sally looked as reail as a boiled lob
ster. “Oh, git out, Sal, I will tell! She told
Ned Bobbles she kinder felt skeerd tu deth and
tickled tur
Tapering off. —The S. C. Advocate re
lates an amusing anecdote which occurred
between a couple of Dutchmen, one of whom
was much devoted to “schnaps.” His friend
was eloquently persuading him to “jine der
dempranche,” and to obviate the errors of
coming to pure water “all of a sudden,” sug
gested the following expedient:
“Veil, den’ Honnes, I dell you how you
do. \ou go und puy un parrel viskey, und
take it home, and put a fo.-'het in it, und ven
efer you vant un schnap, go und traw it,, und
sliust so much viskey ash you traw off'of der
foshet, shust so much vater you pour into der
parrel; den you see you has alvays a full par
rel viskey, only, d’rectly afther a vile, it come
veaker, undveaker, und at lasht you hatnot
; * n g l ju t un parrel of vater; dan you vant no
i more use vor visky, und you jine der demper
j anche.”
“A great lie,” says the poet Crabbe,
“is like a great fish on dry land : it may fret
and fling, and make a frightful bother, hut it
cannot hurt you. You have only to keep still
I and it will die of itself.”
-
sl)c Dark Comer.
i
For the Southern Literary Gazette.
ANSWER TO CHARADE IN NO. 7.
Glass is a word of letters five,
Which often casts reflections;
Its panes we in the windows see;
Its contents bring destruction.
Take G away, we have it lass,
Whose spell all hearts must own ;
Then L and you will find it ass —
I hope you are not one !
GERTRUDE.