Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

Canstittttianalist K JR BT JAMES GARDNER. OFFICE ON Me IN TOSH-STREET, TKUiD DOOR K'iJM TMB NIIKTH-WSSI CUKNER OF BROAD-STREET. TERMS: Dailypaper (if paid in advance) ....per annum. .$8 00 Tri-Weekly (if paid in advance) per annum.. 5 00 Weekly (if paid in advance) per annum.. 200 The Koszta Case. Mr. Hulsemann to Mr. Marty . {Translation.} Austrian Legation, ) Washington, August 29, 1853. J The undersigned, Charge d’Affaires of his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, has been in structed to address this official note to the hon orable Secretary of State in relation to the diffi culties which have occurred between the agents of the two Governments at the port of Smyrna. The facts which came to pass on that occasion are of public notoriety, and the undersigned thinks he may confine himself in his comments thereon to the most prominent points. Our Consul General, Mr. de Weckbecker,exercising the right of jurisdiction which has been guaran tied by treaties to the consular agents of Austria in the East relative to their countrymen, had caused to be arrested and conveyed on board the Austrian brig-of war Huszar, the Hungarian re fugee Martin Koszta, who, residing at one time in the interior Kutahia, had left Turkey in company with Kossuth, and who. after having pledged himself in writing not to set foot afain on Ottoman territory, broke that pledge by res turning some months since to Smyrna Thi arrest gave cause to some reclamations which Mr. Offiey, United States Consul, conjointly with the commander of the American sloop-of war St. Louis,” anchored in the roads before Smyrna, deem*-d it incumbent upon themselves to address to Mr.de Weckbecker, basing their demands upon the fact that the aforesaid Koszta having, according to them, caused himself to be naturalized in the United States, was entitled to the protection of the American authorities. Upon this ’he Consul General of the Emperor, accompanied by the American Cousui and the American commander, repaired on board the Huszar, and these two functionaries had it in their power to convince themselves, from the declarations of the prisoner himself, that the latter had not acquired the quality 0 f citizen of the United States, and that he was not even pro vided with ail American passport. On his own part the Charge d’Affaires ad in terim of the United States at Constantinople addressed a communication,on the 27th of June, to the Imperial Internuncio, (Minister.) the ob ject of which was to ask for the release of Kosz ta, upon the plea that he had taken some steps to be admitted as an American citizen. Baron de Bruck replied to this request on the same day refusing to comply with it Two days after Mr. Brown returned again to the charge by for warding to Mr. de Bruck a copy ot a declaration purporting to have been signed by Koszta, in New York, on the 31st of July last, and which the Charge d’Affaires of the Union seems to re gard sufficient to imply the naturalization of that retugee in America. The internuncio re plied that it was impossible for him to alter his determination, as he could not consider the indi vidual in question as belonmyi to a foreign ju risdiction so long as bound him to his country lytuMg dissolved. The it proper to embody with the very text of this note a copy of the document above mentioned, which has served as the basis to ail the extraordinary proceedings both on the part of Mr. Brown and that of the commander of the St. Louis. Here it is : Declaration made by Martin Koszta of allegiance to the Government of the United States. I, Martin Koszta, do declare on oath that it is bona fide my intention to become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce forever all alle giance and fidelity to all and ev--ry foreign prince potentate, State, and sovereignty whatever, and particularly to the Emperor of Austria. Sworn in open court, this 31st day of July, 1852, before me, clerk of the court, &c. Martin Koszta. 1, clerk of the court of , being a court of record, having common law jurisdiction and a clerk and seal, do certify that the above is a true copy of the original declaration of Mr. Koszta to become a citizen of the United States, remaining opened in my office. In testimony whereof, I have hereuto subseri [l. s.J bed my name, and affixed the seal of the said court, the 31st day of July, 1852. It is difficult to conceive how the representa tive of the United Sta’es could have sought to found a proof ot the pretended naturalization of Koszta upon a document destitute ot all authen tic character, seeing that the form ot legaliza tion whicn is affixed to it, and" which alone could have invested it with that character, leaves in blank* both the name of the tribunal before which the declaration of Koszta must have been made, and the name of the clerk who is suppos ed to be the depositary ot the original document, and that, moreover, this pretended legalization has neither signature nor official seal attached to it. But even admitting the authenticity of this declaration, and supposing that Koszta could, without violating the laws of his country of his own accord, and-without any other formalities, have broken asunder the ties which bind him to his native soil, the text 01 the document shows that the author of it has done nothing more than to declare hts intention of becoming a citizen of the United States, and, with that object in view of renouncing his rights of nationality in the States of the Emperor. A few days later a new and lamentable epi sode occurred to aggravate the question. On the morning of the 2d ot July the commander of the American sloop-ot-war “St. Louis,” Mr. In graham, sent a message to the commandin'' offi cer of the “Huszar,” to the effect that, in pursu ance ot instiactions received from the Chaise d’Atf iies of the United States at Constantino ple, be had to call ujioti him to deliver the afore said Koszta into his hands; adding that, it he did not receive a satisfactory answer by tour o’clock in the afternoon, he should cause the prisoner to be taken away by main force. As it was reasonable to expect, our commander, instead of complying with this request prepared himself to repulse lorce by force; and when, at the hour de signated, the American commander, getting rea dy to carry out his threat, ranged himself along side our vessel and brought his guns to bear upon the imperial brig, and was about to carry matters to the last extremity, our brave sailors, although much interior in numbers, were determined to oppose a vigorous resistance to the actot aggres sion which was on the point of being consum mated in the neutral port of .Smyrna, and on the part of a vessel of war belonging to a Power with which Austria wa3at peace. Our Consul Gen eral only succeeded in preventing this bloody ca tastrophe, which would probably have ended in the destruction of a considerable portion of the town of Smyrna and of vessels of all nations in the harbor, by consenting that Koszta should temporarily, an until the settlement of the diffi culties of which he was the subject, be confided to the custody ol the Consul General of France at Smyrna. The return ot Mr. Marsh to Constantinople a few days after these events brought on a discus sion, between himself and our Internuncio, of the question whether Martin Koszta was to be considered as an Austrian subject or as a citizen of the United States. Although still ignorant of this discussion, the Imperial Government has come to the determination not to delay any lon ger addressing itself to the Government of the United States through my instrumentality.— There are two distinct questions involved in this discussion. One is the main question rela ting to the dispute about the lights of jurisdic tion which has risen between the legations of Austria and of the United States at Constantino ple concerning Koszta; the other question, at least fully as imfiortant, is that which has refer ence to those formalities in virtue of which the agents of the United States have deemed them selves authorized in urging their pretensions. With regard to the first of these two questions, treated in the correspondence which has taken place on the subject between the Internuncio and the Cnarge d’Affaires ad interim of the United States in Turkey, the Imperial Government adopts entirely the views of Baron de Bruck. In our opinion,"Koszta nas never cease ! to be an Austrian subject. Everything combines to make the Imperial Government persist in this estimate of the matter. The laws of his country are opposed to Koszta’s breaking asunder, of his * Liter*!—makes no mention of either trans lator. iwn accord, and without having obtained per-I mission to expatriate himself from the authorities ! of that country, the ties of nationality which : bind him to it. The very declaration of that re fugee on board the “ Huszar,” in the presence of the American consul and of the commander of the “St. Louis,” shows that he still considers himself as a subject of the Emperor. In short, even according to terms of the law of the Union, such a declaration, supposed to have been signed by Koszta. and from which Mr. Brown has pre tended to infer his naturalization in the United States, is not sufficient to produce that effect. The undersigned thinks he may dispense enter ing into anv further details in regard to this question seeing that the Department of State of t! e United States constantly refuses to grant passports to individuals who find themselves in this category, and that official publications have been made from time to time to that effect. As there can be no doubt, therefore, concern ing the qnestion of nationality, the Consul-Gen eral of the Emperor at Smyrna was without doubt perfectly justified when, in virtue of those treaties which subject Austrian subjects in Tur key to consular jurisdiction, he seized the person ot Koszta within the pale of his jurisdiction. Such being the case, the Imperial Government trusts that the Government of the United States will hasten to instruct i s consul at Smyrna not to interpose any obstacle to the extradition ot the aforesaid Koszta by the Consul-General of France to the Consul-General of Austria at Smyrna. Bu , apart from this question ot jurisdiction, it is especially the mode adopted by the function aries ot the United States, in order to settle the matter, which has given the Imperial Govern ment the most legitimate grounds of complaint. 1 he act ot violence which the commander of the sloop-ot-war “St. Louis” committed against the Austrian brig “Huszar”—that real act of war, committed in full'peace, in a neutral port, the fatal effects of which were only averted by the prudence and moderation of our Consul- General at Smyrna—constitutes an outrage upon the principles of the law of nations; and the Imperial Government has no doubt but that act, viewed in such light, will have b-en condemned by the Government of the United States, said Government being itself interested in preven ting the repetition of similar occurrences. Ihe events ot the 2d of July at Smyrna pre sent in a twofold point of view a serious devia tion from the rules of international law. Ist. The commander of the United States sloop-of-war “St. Louis'’ threatened the brig of his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, the Huszar,'’ with a hostile attack, by bringing his guns to bear upon the latter, and by announcing, in writing, that if a certain individual detained on board, whose nationality was being discuss ed between the agents of the two Governments, was not delivered over to him at a stated hour, he would go and take him by main force. There can be no doubt but that the threat of attacking, by main force, a vessei-of-war belong ing to the military marine ot a sovereign State whose flag she carries, is nothing else than a an act of war. Now, the right of ma king war is necessarily, and from the very na ture ot that right, inherent in the sovereign pow er. “A right of so momentous a nature,” says Vat tel, (Law of Nations, vol. 2, book 3, chap. 1. sec. 4,) “the right of judging whether the na tion has reai grounds of complaint; whether she is authorized to employ force , and justifiable in ta king up arms ; whether prudence will admit of such a step, and whether the welfare of the State requires it—that right, I say, can belong only to the body of the nation or to the sovereign, her rep resentative. It is doubtle s one of those rights without which there can be no salutary govern ment, and which are therefore called rights of Majesty .” The founders of the Republic of the U. States fully recognised, from the beginning of the Union, the rights reserved to the sovereign power. The articles of perpetual confederacy and union be tween the State of New Hampshire, Massachu setts, &c., ot 1778, contain already the following stipulation, (IX, 1:) “The right ot declaring war and to make peace shall belwiig solely and exclusively to the Congress ot the United States.” This basis of the public law of the United States was preserved and sanctioned by the Consti tution of the United States of 1787, which re set ves the power ot declaring war explicitly to Congress, (sec. VIII) Upon this point the Constitution of the United States harmonises perfectly with the public law of Europe. But this right, reserved to the supreme power of each country, would become illusory and null if commanders of naval forces or others were to be explicitly or tacitly authorized to undertake, either of their own accord or upon the order or with the consent ot a diplomatic or consular agent, to commit acts of aggression and of war against the vessels or the troops of another na tion without special instructions from the su preme authority of their own country, notified in the forms prescribed by the law of nations. It is impossible tnat the regular Governments of the civilized world can wish to expose their authority,as well as general peace, to the ha zards of h. stilities commenced without their knowledge, and without special authority from the sovereign power, by such or such functionary, in a foreign land. 2dly. This act of hostility has been committed in a neutral port of a Power friendly to both na tions. Certainly, if there be one point in maritime and international law which is clearly and posi tively defined, and which has been adopted by all the Powers of the world, it is the inviola bility of neutral ports, the absolute prohibition from committing, in such ports acts of war and of violence, even against the enemy with whom we are at open war. Modern history furnishes but few examples of cases of this kind. One of these rare instances is the attack upon the Dutch East Indian fleet, which had taKen shelter in the port of Bergne, in Norway, by the admiral com manding the forces ot the enemy, and although that attack was repulsed by the guns ol the lort of that neutral port, Vattel —an authority univer sally recognised in matters relating to the law 0! nations—does nevertheless accuse the neutral Power (Denmark) of having complained in too laint a voice ol any undertaking so injuiious to her dignity and to her rights. In order the better to establish the concurrence of all nations and the unanimity of all expound ers of civil law on this question, we can quote the authority of an American statesman, i'he following is the opinion of Mr. Henry Wheaton : “ The rights of war,” savs he, (Elements of International Law, part IV, chap. 111, § 7,) “ can be exercised only within the territory of the bel ligerent Powers, upon the high seas, or in a ter ritory belonging to no one. Hence it follows that hostilities cannot lawfully be exercised within the territorial jurisdiction of the neutral State, which is the common friend ot both parties.” Then, §9 : “ Not only are all captures made by the belligerent cruisers within the limits of this jurisdiction absolutely illegal and void, but captures made by armed vessels stationed in a bay or river, or in the mouth of a river, or in the harbor of a neutral State for the purpose of ex ercing the rights es war from this station, are also invalid. Thus, where a British privateer stationed itself within the river Mississ'ppi, in the neutral territory of the United States, tor the purpose of exercising the right of war from the river, by standing offand on, obtaining informa tion at the Belize, and overhauling vessels in their course down the river, and made the cap ture in question within three English miles of the alluvial islands formed at its mouth, restitu tion of the captured vessel was decreed by Sir W. Scott. So, also, where a belligerent ship, lying within neutral territory, made a capture with her boats out of the neutral territory, the capture was held to be invalid; for, though the hostile force employed was applied to the cap tured vessel lying out of the territory, yet no such use of a neutral territory for the purpose of war is to be permitred.” If all hostility against an enemy declared to be within the territorial jurisdiction of a neutral State, which has friendly relations with both parties, is severely condemned by all writers on international law; if captures made by belligerent cruisers in the bays of a neutral State, or even by the boats of the vessels stationed there out of that territory , are null and illegal , according to the law of the United States and the decrees of the maritime courts of Great Britain, an attack upon a vessel belonging to a friedly Power in a neutral port would deserve to be censured in still more severe terms. The history of maritime wars at the period of the French revolution furnishes abundant proof ot the very particular jealousy with which the Government of the United States maintained the rights of neutrals; and the undersigned would cite some celebrated cases in which the first statesmen of the Union, the most distinguished predecessors of Mr. Marcy in t e high position which he fills, have defended the absolute in violability of neutral ports by means of most elaborate arguments. But as the undersigned is fully persuaded that the same doctrines will serve as guides to the Government of the United States on the present occasion, be confines him self to this slight allusion to those principles which were formerly maintained, and very re cently supported, by the Government of the United States in relation to the rights of neu trals, and more especially in regard to the invio lability of neutral ports. The Imperial Government entertains too high an opinion of the sense of justice and of integri ty of the Government of the United States to doubt for single instant its anxiety to disavow the conduct of its agents under the circumstances above mentioned, and that it will hasten to call them to a severe account, and tender to Austria a satislaction proportionate to the magnitude of the outrage. The undersigned avails himself of this occa sion to offer to the Secretary of State the re newed assurances of his high consideration. Hulsemann. The Hon. Wit. L Marcy, Secretary of State of the United States. XuglThiaga WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 5. BY TELEGRAPH. Transmitted to the Constitutionalist &Requblic. Charleston. Oct. 4. The sales of Cotton to-day amounted to 1500 bales, at prices ranging from 82 to 11. Election Returns—Richmond County. -2 S£ <» 45 o an -o’ 33 2? Je i 5 3 C a> o < M G- M H i H For Governor. H. V. Johnson 632 19 31 16 25 723 C. J. Jenkins 694 65 44 71 64 938 Congress. | J. J. Jones 626 18 33 14 21 712 A. H. Stephens 642 63 41 73 62 881 C. W. Young 000 00 00 00 00 000 B. H. Todd.- 000 00 00 00 00 000 Senator. A. J. Miller 692 60 36 57 61 906 Representatives. John Milledge 688 23 33 12 18 774 Henry Johnson 493 627 7 16 549 A. C. Walker 609 77 43 59 66 858 W. A. Walton 651 56 38 54 59 854 Judge Superior Court. W. W. Holt 649 66 42 76 63 896 From our Evening Edition. Additional Returns. We have received several additional returns from precincts along the railroad, which look favorable to the Democratic candidate for Gov ernor. Newton County.—Two precints gives Jen kins 222. and Johnson 109. Morgan.—Jenkins 390, Johnson 182. Green.—Greensboro precinct. Jenkins 516, Johnson 77. Clarke.—Jenkins’ majority 122. Taliaferro.—Crawfordville precinct. Jen > kins majority 246, Stephens 284. ; DkKalb.—Two precincts, Stone Monntain and Burroughs, Johnson 167, Jenkins 84. Dent j 158,Calhoun 89. This vote is more than the , usual Democratic majority. Lythonia, Johnson : 108, Jenkins 58. Chatham.—Johnson’s majority 147. Bartow’s t 244. Anderson, Ward and Harrison, elected. I Columbus, Oct. 4. [ Muscogee County. —Jenkins 975, Johnson 911 . Colquitt 912, J. Johnson 932. Senate, Sturges (democrat) 903. Watts, (whig) 888. House, ■ Thornton (w.) 930, Wooldridge (w.) 772, Mc * j Dougald (d.) 862, Crawford (d.) 823. j ! In Bullock county the Democratic majority is ! 300. r | Atlanta, October 4. I j Johnson’s majority in J ! DeKalb 304 p J Campbell 300 r j Coweta 147 r j Fayette 150 Murray 216 ] ! Cass 75 | Jenkin’s majority in s j Troup 550 1 ! Floyd 60 r Vote at Athens. i | We are indebted to a friend for the following » list, which will be interesting to our readers : j Jenkins 259 Johnson 258 For Congress. 3 Hillyer 89 * Wofford 87 Holsey 90* i Morton, 242 Stanford 2 , For Senator. f Hull, (w.) 294 i Bailey, (d.) 481 3 For House. j Carlton, (w.) 378 t Harden, “ 320 Sheats, (d.) 157 | Robertson, (d.) 68 j For Judge. > Dougherty 322 Jackson 187 ; In addition to the returns in our Evening Edi , | tion of yesterday, we gathei the following re ■ suits from our despatches and reporss of passen * g<*rs. 1 Majorities for Jenkins. \ Cl rke 147 Jackson 33 5 Madison 99 Lee 100 , Putnam 30 Greene 707 j. Columbia 123 h Wilkes 300 i Sumpter 52 ! Macon 96 j Marion 65 1 TalbotT 100 1 Majorities for Johnson ; | Houston 42 Twiggs no Taylor 147 Crawford 52 Jasper so Colquit is elected in the Second District. (Here follows returns embraced in the tables above.) Democrats elected to the Legislature in Wash ington county, Jones, Houston,Twiggs, Wilkin son, Jasper, Crawford and Taylor. One Democrat in Lee county. Gain of 9 members to Legislature over vote of 1849. Savannah, Oct. 4. Ei'FiNGHAM.-Johnson 136; Jenkins 200; Sew ard 120; Bartow 220; Fleming 250; Delyon 40; Henry 44. Liberty.—Johnson 20 and Seward 70 majori ty each; Jones and Smith democrats, are elected. Bryan.—Jenkins and Bartow’s majority 60 each; Love Independent Whig elected. Mclntosh County—Johnson and Seward each 100, and 10, Jenkins and Bartow each 55. Bulloch—Johnson 360, Jenkins 23, Seward 336, Bartow 36. Returns indicate the election of Seward to Congresq first district. Macon, Oct. 4. Sixty counties heard from, and the candidates neck and neck. Cherokee gives Jenkins 30 majority. Walker only 94 lor Johnson. Gor don only 130 for ditto. Pike 148 ditto. For syth 200 ditto. J Tlie Self Instructor. A Monthly Journal devoted to Southern Education ‘ and the Diffusion of a Knowledge of the Resources and Power of the South. Richard W. Haber sham, Editor. Harper & Calvo, Printers. Charles ton, S. C. Such is the title of a new work recently be gun in Charleston, to which we invite public attention. All political economists tells us, that the first duty which a nation owes to itself is to become acquainted with its own resources.— Founded upon this principle, the object of the Self Instructor, is to inform the Southern people of those elements of strength which are at their disposal, to develop, as the editor expresses it, the agricultural resources of the country, engi neering, mechanical and military talents of our people, to cultivate a high classical and literary education in our Colleges, in short to advance a better knowledge ol Southern resources among Southern men. To the performance of this work, Mr. Habersham brings a knowledge which few men have acquired. Trained at West Point, having received a finished educa tion in Europe, engaged afterwards as an in structor here at the South, and at the same time living on a large plantation, Mr. Habersham has had experience which enables him to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the South and his own country with those of the different civilized nations of Europe. The first number is before us with a rich table of contents. Among the articles are the following : Why should we desire to educate our people 1 ? What is Educa tion? Schools. Fine Arts. Principles of De sign and the Honors of Jehossee. All of these articles are from Mr. Habersham’s pen ; in future he will have the assistance of several distin guished writers. In the article on Schools, Mr. Habersham divides our system of education into four parts. Ist, Infant; 2d, Primary ; 3d. Second ary and 4th, Superior. Infant schools are treated in the present article and the reader is made ac quainted with them as they exist in Europe.— The writer then proceeds to show the changes necessary to be made, in order to adopt them to the pecular nature of the Southern people. This article is to be followed in the next number by an essay on “ Primary Education” with an ac count of the Seaiinary School ot Berlin. “ The Fine Arts, their value as a mq*tns of education” is a highly interesting article and will repay a careful reading. Mr. Habersham is an accomplished artist and is an advocate of drawing as a branch of education. Maintain ing that respectable amount of skill can be ob tained by all, he would link “drawing in with much of what is of practical (of every day utili ty) at the same time that we cultivated faculties and added to the resources of the mind, open new fields of enjoyment and thereby improve and elevate the man.” The Horrors of Jehossee originally appeared in the Charleston Courier, but is now published in the S&lf Instructor by request of many of the editor’s- friends. It was the 7th of a series of letters addressed to Lord Palmerston on the sub ject oi slavery. It is a bold but truthful expo sition of the working of our system of slavery, and ought to be read by every Southern man. None of these articles come before the public in a crude state; all are well digested, full of thought and instruction. The terms of the Selflnstructor are $2 a year i 3 copies sent to one address for $5 ; 10 copies sent to one address for sls. All who desire to subscribe are requested to send in their names only, until after the second number. The public are apt to suppose that those who call attention to works of thts kind, have some self interest in the matter. Such a supposition, in the present case, would he unfounded. The writer of this communication has no other inte rest in the matter than to desire its success so far that he may be able to read it monthly ; and he desiras this success, because he believes that he and all others who read it, will become there by more intelligent citizens, better acquainted with the resources of the South, and the duties which she owes to herself. B. The Washington Star says that the Indian Bureau are just now busily engaged in sending out the government annuities due to the several tribes on our borders. To Michigan they are to send about $60,000 ; to Wisconsin about $30,000 ; to Minesota $140,000 ; to the Central Superin tendency (the St. Louis District) about $250,000; and to the Southern Superintendency about $150,000. The sums include the pay of the Bureau’s employees, in those various Super intendencies, and the annuities in money and kind due to the Indians this autumn, in the fulfilment of all treaty stipulations. The in structions to the agmts require all payments to the Indians to be made per capita, unless where treaty stipulations make payments in a different manner necessary. The Steamship Nashville. —Captain M. Berry, formerly of the Marion, under whose supervision the hull of the new steamship Nashville was built, is in attendance at the Novelty Works. The machinery is ready to be put into the vessel, and she will be prepared for her first trip to Charleston in sixty days. The engine is a side lever, with a cylinder eighty six inches in diameter, and eight feet stroke. The bed-plate weighs eighteen tons, and the cost of her machinery wlli be about ninety thousand dollars. For elegance and comfort, she will be equal to the steamers on the southern route. Conveyance of the California Mails. —lt is stated that advices have reached Washington of a memorial, now on its way from San Francis co, backed by astrongarray of names, including nearly every leading merchant in the city, for the conveyance of the mails by the Nicaragua line of steamers; the complaint being that by the route they are at present sent they do not reach their destination for three or four days, and in some instances a whole week, after the arri val of the Nicaragua steamer—thus causing mer cantile interests a serious loss. ICol. Fremont, who returned to St. Louis a few days ago, in consequence of sustaining an injury on the Missouri frontier, it is stated, will again set out on hi 3 overland expedition to California in about a week. Mrs. Fremont has left Wash ington to accompany him to the frontier. The Steam Fire Engine in Cincinnati has been so successful that it is proposed to in crease their number so as to suspend entirely the old mode ot putting out fires. The committee appointed at the Metropolitan Hall meeting in New York on the 22d ult- have issued subscription lists to collect funds for a gold i medal, to be presented to the commander of the j sloop of war St. Louis. The Paris journals announce the death of Mr. O’Connell, brother of the Liberator, which event took place at Dinan, where he had been for some time residing. Mr. L. M. Chasteau, formerly a telegraphic operator, now reporter of the Sun in Philadel phia, was badly beaten by a gang of rowdies; in Chesnut street, on Tuesday night. Catharine Hayes, the vacalist, who is called the Swan of Erin, has created a great excite ment in musical cicles at Valparaiso, where she is giving concerts. Death, of Mr. Thomas Miller. We learn that this aged and venerable gentle- j man, departed this life last week, at his residence | in Camden county. We are without any definite knowledge of his exact age, but presume he was all ot eighty-five, and his death was the natural consequence of the infirmities ot his accumulated years. Mr. Miller’s name is so intimately con nected with the early commercial history of Savannah, that the bare mention of it, crowds the mind with a thousand thoughts. Anterior to the year 1788, Mr. Miller was a merchant in ! this city. We learn from Bancroft’s Statistics j of Savannah, that “the first bag of Sea Island j Cotton ever exported from Georgia, was grown : by Alexander Bisset, of St. Simons Island, and was shipped by Mr. Miller, in 1788. He was ; one of the first who engaged in the business of buying cotton in the Savannah market, and lor a long time was the only purchaser. It came to him in parcels of from 2(Jlbs. to lOOlbs., and with his own hands, he assorte 1 and packed it for market. His exclusive and ardent zeal in bring ing lorward the article gave him, very early, the name "Cotton Tom Miller,” which he held with much honor to the day of his death. Although long since retired from the cares of busines life, the old gentleman always felt an interest in the “Cotton trade,” and was ever interested in con versation- upon this subject. What a contrast was presented to the mind of this old gentleman before he died, compared with the time when he began the export trade in cot ton from Savannah in 1788! From a very small beginning he lived to see the controlling power j and influence of the cotton trade over the com- j merce ol the world. From a crop of 350 light i bales in 1792, he lived to see the production of i cotton in the South reach the enormous amount of 3,262,882 bales in 1853, constituting the basis ot one-half the commerce of civilized nations, and ministering to the wants, the comforts, and wealth of mankind. Doubtless these great re sults may be attributed, in part, to the “exclusive and ardent zeal” of this gentleman “in bringing forward,” and encouraging the production of thi3 i important article. Every bale ot cotton is a monument to his ardent zeal, in fostering its production, and is suggestive of the simple but honorable name of “Cotton Tom • iller.” Mr. Miller, we believe, was a Scotchman, and was never married. He possessed enough of this world’s goods to yeld him, in his old age, an in dependent and competent support. In his char acter he was social, hospitable, and kind. He had many friends, and some near relatives, to whom he bequeathed his property. He died as he had lieved, “an honest man.” — Sav. Rep. 2d inst. A correspondent of the New York Evening Post, who has recently returned from Germany, gives the following gloomy account of the pro gress of the grape disease : u Let America prepare for dear wines, because all over Europe that fatal disease, called 1 Trau benkrankhei!is spreading. It consists of a white mildew , that spreads over the whole grape, and completely destroys it. It is as inexplica ble to vineyard men as the potato disease is to farmers. Italy and Tyrol are fatally affected by it. In Germany it is just beginning to make its appearance. Grapes on trellises are worse affec ted by it than the se in vineyards. No cure has yet been found, and it is spreading all over grape growing Europe. The papers are full of propo sed remedies, but none give permanent relief. Political economists stand aghast at a future in which there is to be neither wine for the rich nor potatoes for the poor.” Many papers state the European grape sick ness to be the same as that of the United States, but such is not the fact. Ours is rot , theirs is a mildew. Ours shows itself by blue spots upon the berries; theirs by a white mildew all over the grape. Ours leaves a few sound berries: theirs destroys the whole grape. We are truly gratified to learn that our Geor gia neighbors are making earnest preparations lor our approaching Regatta. Our old and victo rious friend Hamilton Couper, esq., has remodel led and almost rebuilt the Becky Sharp , and be lieves he has considerably improved her speed. He has also two new boats—one of them is named the Sunny South, is 48 feet long, and is said to be a most beautiful model. Dr. Brails ford Troupe has built the Barcarola , George Dent, esq., the Swamp Fox , Randolph Spaulding, esq., the Friendship and three others, and other gentlemen in Georgia are having boats con structed tor the occasion, so that most admirable sport may be anticipated, as the excitement re lative to our regatta is, we understand, quite as great among the amateurs of aquatic sports else where as in Georgia— Charleston Courier , 4 th instant. A writer in the London Builder suggested as a remedy for the great heat produced by the com bustion of gas, and the effect which it has in diminishing the purity of the air—that each main gas pipe should be accompanied by another, j conveying air from the external atmosphere, j ramifying with all the pipes ar.d discharging its j contents by openings alongside of all those from j which the inflammable gas issues. The relative I sizes of the tubes and orifices for air and gas should be as five to two. If gas pipes were fit ted up in this manner, so that every burner should draw its supply of oxygen from the ex ternal air, and not from that of the room in which it is burned, the air of the latter would not be so much heated or so much diminished in purity. The amount subject to the draft of the Treasur er of the United States on the 26th ult., was $27,836 614.46, of which $61,390.63 were in the hands of the Assistant Treasurer in Charleston. The Legislature of Rhode Island has passed an act authorizing the banks that may receive coun terfeits or altered bills, to write or stamp “coun terfeit” or “altered” upon them, adding the name of the bank and the initials of the officer by whom the bill is marked. The Governor of Nebraska, it is stated, has In dian blood in his veins. His father was captur ed, when a child, by the Wyandot Indians, and married a half-blood Wyandot girl. The Gov ernor, Wm. Walker, is hersori. He was educat i ed at Kenyon College, Ohio. He was seventeen years postmaster at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. In 1836 he was elected chiel of his nation, the Wyandots. Gen. James Tallmadge, who died suddenly in New York on Thursday, was over 75 years of age. He had been successively a member of Congress and of the New York Legislature; and Lieutenant Governor of the State; also, a rnem i ber of the two State conventions which framed I the constitutions ot 1821 and 1846; and, since I his residence in New York city, he has been President of the New' York University and of the American Institute. The Mineralogical Department of the Crystal | Falace is now open. The display of ores and ! minerals is said to be exceedingly rich, the en j tire cabinet being valued at SIOO,OOO. The gold ! specimens alone are worth $60,000. The num ber of exhibitors is two hundred and seventy three. The estimated value ot the goods on ex hibition in all departments of the Palace is set down at $5,000,000. An Extensive Suit.— C. F. Field, an Inspec- ! tor of the London Detective Police, and the ori nal ot “Inspector Bucket,” of Dickens’ Bleak House, it is stated is now getting up evidence in a property case, (involving .£150,000, and dating as lar back as the American war,) which will be tried in London, in November. The witnesses are from the United States, India, and the Wet! Indies. Field’s son is on duty at the Crystal Palace in New York, on the lookout for English rogues. The total value of foreign exports from Balti more for the week ending Thursday, was $199,- 682. Among the principal articles exported were 7,564 bbls. flour, 8,974 bushels wheat, 338 barrels corn meal, 496 bushels corn, and 2,183 hhds. tobacco There were also shipped to for eign ports 2,497 tons of coal, of which 1,479 tons to China, 352 to Havana, 365 to St. Thomas and 300 to the West Indies. Comnirrcittl. Augusta Market, Oct. 5. COTTON. We have little or no alteration to j notice in our cotton market during the past WBck. ( The advices received per America have thrown a damper on the feelings of buyers, but holders show i no disposition to force sales at any reduction in i prices. The li.tle demand at present existing is j still lor the finer qualities, while grades under Good j Middling are neglected. The receipts are light for ! the season of the yerfr, and there is more cotton going into store than for several weeks past. We continue the quotations of last week, which may bo considered nominal, as transactions have been too limited since the receipt of the America’s advi ces, to give a roliablo change. Inforior and Ordinary 7 a 8 Low Middling to Middling 9} a 9} Good Middling 10 a— Middling Fair 10} a— Fair— a— GROCERIES.—For tho se >son of tho year there is a good business doing in the Grocery lino. There hg,ve been considerable additions made to the stocks on hand within tho past two weeks, and our merchants are now well supplied with every de scription of goods. There is a good business doing in filling country merchants and planters orders. CORN.—There has been little or no export de. mand this week, and tho corn market has been ' comparatively quiet. For home wants, it is selling j in small lots at 70 cents, sacks returned. Any thing | of a lqt would no t bring over 65 cents, sacks in eluded. FLOUR—Holders are still stiff in their asking pri ces. Augu.-ta Mills finds ready sale at $6 for su perfine in bags at wholesale and $6 a s6} by retail. | Family is selling at $7 a $8 at wholesale and retail. Country Flour is selling by tho quantity in bbls at s6}. and retailing at s6} a s6} per bbl. BACON.—There is a better demand for a good article, and prices are stiffening. We continue to quote ribbed sides (Tennessee) at 9}, and clear at 9} ; Shoulders 7} a 8. Good joint moat is still scarce. BAGGING —Stock on the increase and most holders are asking from store, by the piece or bolt, 12} a 13 cents. Bale Rope is now selling at 9} a 10 cents. COFFEE.—The stock on hand is moderate, and holders are firm in their asking prices, say 11} to 12} for a good article of Rio, according to quanti ty. The temporary decline in the northern mar kets had no effect on prices here. Some few sales were mado of Cnba in the early part of tho week at 11. cents, but for Rio holders are firm at our quo tations. MOLASSES. Stock of Cuba good. Holders are scdlingfrom stores 24 a 25, according to quantity New Orleans is worth 33 a 35 cents. SUQAR.---Stoek on hand largo, and principal sales 5} to 6} for Orleans and Muscovado ; Porto Rico 6} to 7j; Clarified 7} to B}, according to the grade. Prices are looking up. SALT—Holders are stiff in the asking prices. Sales have been reported to us this week of about 2500 sacks from store, at $1.50 per sack, short time Retailing from stojc at $1.55 a $l6O. WHEAT.—Theroisagood demand for Wheat, and good Red meets with ready sale at 80 a 90 cents, and prime White at sl.lO a $1.25 per bushel. NAILS.—Have an upward tendency, and most holders are now asking 5} to 5} cents. FEATHERS—Fair demand at 40 to 43 cents per lb. for a good, article. BEEF AND llOGS—Shoats, weighing from 50 to 80 lbs. are in demand and will bring 6 to 6} cents nett—supply moderate. Forjargo hogs there is very little enquiry, being too early in tho season. ’ Beef, grass fed, is worth 4} nett, and stall fed 5 a i s}. No sheep in market—demand good. EXCHANGE.—Our Banks aro drawing on New York and other Northern cities at } per cent, i prem. for Sight Drafts. FREIGHTS.—The river is low but stiil in good boating order, with every prospect of continuing so for the remainder of the season. The quantity of Cotttm-offcii-Tgis on the increase, but it is still limit ed. We quote to Savannah 50 cents per bale; to Charleston per Railroad 75 cents per bale. STOCK OF COTTON i At Augusta and Hamburg on SO th nil. 1853. 1852. , In Augusta 6,394 4,353 Hamburg. 624 2,450 Total 7,018 6,803 ' SHIPMENT OF COTTON , From Augusta A Hamburg to Savannah and Charles tonfrom Is/ Sept, to 30 th ult. ’ From Ist to 80th September. JTo Savannah 1,836 297 Charleston by Railroad 4,517 3,678 6,353 3,975 RECEIPTS OF COTTON At Augusta and Hamburg from Is/ Sept, to 30th ult. . Stock on hand Ist inst 7,018 6,803 Shipm'ts from Ist to 30th ult 6,353 3.975 13,371 10,778 Deduct stock on hand Ist Sept 7,834 ‘ 3,707 Total Receipts 5,537 7,071 Columbus, October 1. Cotton Statem nt. Old stock on hand, Oct. 1, 1853 43 5 New cotton received to date 3,653 ! 3,696 Shipped 1,899 i Stockenhand 1,797 Cotton is selling freely Middlirg at 9 cts., Good Middling 9£, Middling Fair 9j, and Fair 10 cents. . MACON, Oct. I.—Messrs. P. W Alexander | k Co.—Below you havo a comparative statement of the receipts, stock, Ac., at this point to date. Our market is dull, and the lower grades of cotton can hardly be sold at any price; Middling Fair, ■ 10 cents. Very respectfully, i Receipts in September, 1852 3812 ’53 2677 Decrease 1135 Stock, Ist October, 1853 3157 “ ■* ’52 1926 Increase 1,231 HAVANA, Sept. 27.—Prices of Sugars since our last are about F higher than the quotations given in our last report,; but the scarcity of ves i sels restricts eperations. I Molasses 2j a2 j rls. Tho 270 casks Rice, then named as on hand; were placed at a 13J. 1000 bags East India brought from Europe realised 10J. Yesterday, the cargo of the Gen. Taylor, from your port, was takon at 14i rls. No Pitch Pine Lumber has come in, and the article is much wanted. , Freights still tending upwards—the last charter, j were at £4 ss. to Falmouth and Great Britain?, i £4 7s. 6d. to Falmouth and the Continent; 15 rls. por box of Sugar to New York and Boston. Sliijipinfl JntrUigtitrr. ARRIVALS from charleston. Schr Aid, Stellor, Havana. Schr Gen. Taytor, Frisbie, Havana. Schr Zephyr, Byers, Matanzas. Schr Sami. Bolton, Morshon, Philadelphia. CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON. Schr Mary k Louisa, Adams, Peiladelpbia. Schr J. H. Holmes, Barnes, Philadelphia. CHARLESTON, Oct. 4.—Arrived, barque Vo locity, Ryder, Boston; brigs Moses, Jarvis, New York; P. R. Hichbornc, Ellis, Boston; schr Dart, Somers, Philadelphia. In the offing, ship Ontario, Holmes. Liverpool. Went to sea, schr Heyward, McDougal, West Indies. SAVANNAH, Oct. 3.—Deputed, steamship Augusia, Lyon, New York. SAVANNAH EXPORTS—Oct. 1 Per steamship Augusta, for New York—6o casks Rice, 444 bales Cotton, 25 bales Yarn, 150 sacks Rice Flour, and sundry bbls , boxes, Ac. . i_ —————————— drink, together with a great variety of choice Syrups, of the best quality, may be found at the Druggist and Apothecaries Store of aug 12 Wa. Haines, Broad street. SjJfriat Haft,*. ?• w „ street, just above Mr. Plea=ant' h <4? dencc where he can be found d*!’* "U X less professionally engaged. night, J Infantry , *** Montnly Meeting a A ora Gun Smith Shop, on Broa ? ° E H.V’ will come prepared to p n^Xr et ments. Fy Uair monthly oct 4 2 L ' L ‘ A " Ton L Secy, t! SEs&g*? »•. Fn-e dollars per share, has been dwfiJL\V Boatd ot Directors from the profits of mouths, payable to the Stockholders l a* Also, an Extra Dividend, No. 3 of T lars per share from the surplus mofit scrip of increased capital stock ’ - - 10 Jyo- GRAIG, Cash;*, dividend of ten dollars per share to tne stokholders, on demand. ,W OCt 4 10 \l rr ,7/* A sure ilelianev. oTerP effects of Dr. M'Lane'v T '' la % eases of disordered Liver, that thev WPai » as the Specific for that complicated eases known as Hepatic. The pZ, f 8 ° f * cine at hand upon which he can alw!J! that is necessary is to purchase 1/ f ' “ }?»»’» U"or Pin,, w » k health. Read this : • to.aiion u Wilkins Township, AllochmvP„ n J. Kidd & Co—Please let me tf avc t more of Dr. M Lane's Liver Pup y W .S used two boxes of tho Doctor's Pil’s anu‘* you they have done her more good thin m ‘J? physician has tor two years, during which h-*? was in reguiar attendance. These tiv, think, will effect a cure. .Tamp, t 1 foo.d by HavilanJ, Rislev k Co. and it!. Tutt, Augusta, Ga.; P. M. Cohen ,fc Co ('! ,/ ton, S. C.; iiill k Smith, Athens Ga - f’c T Madison; A. A. Solomons; Savannah; and h Druggists and Dealers in Medicine throuehoat 1 South. oet 3 12 The cxvr-:, °* t ) h ' s n : st ! tutlon will be resum,;, Tuesday noxt, 4th October. 1 , . . „ K LaTaste, oct 1 U Recto;. The Augusta Free SdM wilt w - opened on Monday, October 3rd ’ Male Teachers. Female Teacha, Thomas Snowdon, Miss Parsons . Charles W. March, Miss Scoggins, lb B. RtFSSEU , _ oct l « Secretary and Treasure r 3f Lt ® u ’ s Kathai ron.—For Prescrvb Restoring and Beautifying the Rair is the most delightful and wonderful article tb 1 world ever produced. Its astonishing success * , without a precedent iuthe history of the Mate-i , Medica. Dark and luxuriant curls, soft and glow hair, with scores of admirers, (mark this ladii is the universal effect of tho Kathairou. Bail . and Grey Heads wore perfectly astonished. 'I, t Kathairon has fully restored iny hair after a bail ness of 12 years. A. J. Courtright, 76 Bond street, N. Y.” The Kathairon is a certain curt for Nervous Headache, and all Cutaneous Disease. t Sold by all dealers, everywhere. Try it. Pr* I only 25 cents, in large bottles. D. S. Barnes, • Proprietor. 161 Broadway, S.Y, t IX?” Sold by every Druggist in Augusta. I). B Plumb 4 Co., r sept 28 lm _ Wholesale Agents. is Miss ©. Mackenzie will re-opoki EK-wSi snoot,, on Monday, 3d October, at > tho residence of her Mother, second dost below 3 the Bank ot Brunswick. ts sept2b 5 Eenialc Institute.— Will be re-opened. Providence permitting, on the firsi Monday in October. Able and efficient assistauu 1 are engaged for the several departments. W. J. Hard, Principal. r The Georgia Home Gazette, please copy. lOd sept "4 fit> —Removal.—W e have moved our stock ISW to the corner under the J1 mm House, opposite the Globe Hotel, Formerly «• cupied by J. R. A W. M. Dow. whero we will h * pleased to see our friends and patrons. sept 25 ts DAWSON & SKINNER 1 The prevalence of incorrect noli# upon the subject of medicine, is agti cause of misery. Medical practice should be p. erned by principles cautiously deduced from th contributions of long experience and close ob/e vations. How important, then, that no mediei* should be taken by mvalids, unless it emam» from the hands ot men of talent, judgment, si the strictest probity, lloofland’s German Bibs prepared by Dr. 0. M. Jackson, Philadelphia,it preparation emanating from one of the most «* ' brated practitioners of modern times, and one the greatest medical writers Germany ever in duced. This article is now in able hands, ase-• donee that the article is prepared carefully is skilfully, it is producing the etfoct the original' ventor intended. It is used by many of the 1m practitioners of Philadelphia in cases of W? • of the degestive organs, and biliary apparatus t" the diseases arising therefrom. We therefore i commend this medicine to suffering invalids, oct 4 d6&el ftp —Mexican Mustang Lisimeat-It! laS-s. reputation of this preparaton ** crea iug daily; tho circle of its influence and ~ bounded popularity is depenitig and widening »-• the cases of pain, and suffering, and anguish llcved by its use, are multiplying and incr®- beyond all precedent. It goes like an angel* 1 healing on its wings.” j To persons who wish, we can furnish uamt-j-* residences of persons all over the country havo been cured of Rheumatism, Sprains. I" 5 ;* and most loathsome Sores; as well as -• cers and Wens—and of horses that hare bett ed of Spavins, Ringbones, Splint- Fistulas ua ; ' evils, and hard bone Tumors on the test r’ shoulders and back. Almost every turner ■eu*‘ , out the c runtry can testify to its wonderful v powers—and none of them would be a ' i out it. Owners of livery stables and stage l nies can save hundreds of dollars yearly 1 , this Liniment on their horses whenever i come galled, chafed, or crippled frMnanr thousand accidents to whieh their stock ins ™ See advertisement in another column- sop 7 ftp — lamelL—The Shades still pile. We cordiady invite “UrJ fond of tho good things of this life. cm help themselves to Beef Stakes, “ uwd Fish Balls and Soups of all kinds and asp hospitality. Seven days in the week found at our post studdying the taste a of our numerous customers. p.vtos Plumb <& aug 14 ts ftf- Miss Catonet, grateful[ for ago of tho public, lor t ‘ L past, returns bor thanks to the comm 1 - them she has taken that eligible 51ta ‘ «*' of Washington and Green-street, w *• cisos of the school will bo resume Monday in October Miss 0. has engaged competent tea her in the various branches ol edu _sept2o ts Removal. —Tho # » moved, from their la spacious store, No 6, Warren b 0 ’ stoC for for sale, a largo and well the** and fancy Groceries, to which th 3, iljeg . tion of Merchants, Planters and F»m M _sopl7 lm J ' K ' ftpr- — —Never suffer long 0 , ,U j ien yo»'^ At this age of th ® 1 get Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, it n* anl ect, if you do not cure it. _— ftp*- — SR ■- jftij* G. Fargo, Proprietor (la j 8. Hotel, Augusta.' a P —g COTTON and ian 20 ts Corner rsr — Marriage mvita*.*"* a g p ,<[^ Cord> written OyM— r AUGUSTA STEAM Wa** TURNING, BRACKETS^ Os every si® and of the newest order at short notice. „ CElhb Aiso-i—Worked WEATHER BOARDING. Orders punctually attended gU sep 2 dfcobm