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Tae Koszta Case.
Mr. Marty to Mr. Huhcmann.
Department of State,)
Washington, Sept. 26, 1853. (
The President has carefully considered the
note of Mr. Hulsemann, Charge d’Affaires of
his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, ot the 29th
ultimo, addressed to this Department, and the
other documents relative to the much regretted
occurrences at Smyrna in June and July last,
with a view to ascertain the nature of the com
plaints therein preferred against the American
officers engaged in that affair, and tor the purpose
of giving such satisfaction as Austria might ba
entitled to receive in case he should find that
these officers had not duly respected her rights.
Though differing very much from the views
presented by Mr. Hulsemann on behalf his Go
vernment, the President still indulges the hope
that the exposition o! the principal reasons on
which his own conclusions are lounded will in
duce his Majesty’s Government to look at the
transaction in a different light from that in
which it is presented by that Government.
It i- the duty of the undersigned to present
these reckons to Mr. Hulsemann, and he will
fail in his intention if, in performing this duty,
he does not evince a friendly spirit, and avoid,
so far as it can be done without impairing the
full strength of the case, the introduction of to
pics to w'hicb either Mr. Hulsemann or his Go
vernment can take exception.
To bring out conspicuously the questions to
be passed upon, it seems to the undersigned that
the tacts should be more fully and clearly stated
than they are in Mr. Huiseman's note.
Martin Koszta, by birth a Hungarian, and of
course an Austrian subject at that time, took an
open and active part in the political movement
of 1848-’49, designed to detach Hungary from
the dominion ot the Emperor of Austria. At
the close of that disastrous revolutionary move
ment, Koszta, with many others engaged in the
same cause, fled from the Austrian dominions
and took reluge in Turkey. The extradition of
these fugitives, Koszta among them, was de
manded and pressed with great vigor by Austria
but firmly resisted by the Turkish Government.
They were, however, confined at Kutahia, but at
length released, with the understanding or by
express agreement with Austria, that they should
leave Turkey and go into foreign parts. Most
of them, it is believed, before they obtained
their release, indicated the United States as the
country of their exile. It is alleged that Koszta
left Turkey in company with Kossuth—this is
believed to be a mistake, and that he engaged
never to return—this is regarded as doubtful.
To this sentence of banishment, for such is the
true character of their expulsion from Turkey,
Austria gave her consent: in truth, it was the
result of her efforts to procure their extradilion,
and was accepted by her as a substitute for it.
She had agents or commissioners at Kutahia to
attend their embarkation, and to her the legal
consequences of this act are the same as if it
had been done directly by herself, and not by the
agency of the Ottoman Porte. Koszta came to
the United States and selected this country for
his future home.
On the 31st of July, 1852, he made a declara
tion, under oath, before a proper tribunal, of his
intention to become a citizen of the United
States, and renounce all allegiance to any other
State or sovereign.
After remaining here one year and eleven
months, he returned, on account, as is alleged, of
private business of a temporary character, to
Turkey, in an American vessel, claimed the
rights of a naturalized American citizen, and of
fered to place himsell under the piotection of
the United States Consul at Smyrna. The
Consul at first hesitated to recognize and receive
him as such ; but afterwards, and some time be
fore his seizure, he and the American Chafge
d’Affaires ad interim at Constantinople dkf ex
tend protection lo him, aud turnishe<riiim w ith
a tezkereh —a kind ol passport or letter ot safe
conduct usually given by toreign consuls in Tur
key to persons to whom they e tend protection,
as by Turkish laws they have a right to do. It
is impoitant to observe that there is no excep
tion taken to his conduct after his return to
Turkey, and that Austria has not alleged that he
was there for any political object, or for any
other purpose than the transaction of private bu
siness. While waiting, as is alleged, tor an op
portunity to return to the United States, he w'as
seized by a band of lawless men, Ireely, perhaps
harshly, cnaracterized in the despa:ches as ‘’ruf
fians,” “Greek hirelings,” “robbers,” who had
not, nor did they pretend to have, any color of
authority emanating fiom Turkey or Austria,
treated with violence and cruelty, and thrown
into the sea. Immediately thereafter he was
taken up by a boats crew, lying in wait for him,
belonging to the Austrian brig-ot-war Huszar.
forced on board of that vessel, and there confined
in irons It is now avowed, as it w»as then sus
pected, that these desperadoes were instigated to
this outrage by the Austrian Consul General at
Smyrna, out it is not pretended that he acted
under the civil authority of Turkey, but. on the
contrary, it is admitted that on application to
the Turkish Governor at Smyrna that magis
trate refused to grant the Austrian Consul any
authority to arrest Koszta.
The Consul of the United States at Smyrna,
as soon as he heard of the seizure ot Koszta, and
the Charge d’Affaires of the United States ad
interim at Constantinople, afterwards interce
ded with the Turkish authorities, with the Aus
trian Consul General at Smyrna, and the com
mander of the Austrian brig-of-war lor his re
lease, on the ground of his American nationality.
To support this claim Koszta’s original certificate
of having made, under oath, in a court of New
York, a declaration of intention to become an
American citizen was produced at Smyrna, and
an imperfect copy of it placed in the hands of
the Imperial Austrian Internuncio at Constanti
nople. The application to these officers at
Smyrna for his liberation, as well as that of Mr.
Brown, our Charge d’Affaires, to Baron de Bruck,
the Austrian Minister at Constantinople, was
fruitless, and it became notorious at Smyrna that
there was a settled design on the part of the
Austrian officials to convey him clandestinely
to Trieste, a city within the dominion of the
Emperor of Austria. Opportunely the United
States sloon-of-war, the St. Louis, under the
command of Capt. Ingraham arrived in the har
bor ol Smyrna before this design was executed.
The commander of the St. Louis, from the re
presentation of the case made to him, felt it to
be his duty, as it unquestionably was, to inquire
into the validity of Koszta’s claim to American
protection. He proceeded with deliberation and
prudence, and discovered what he considered just
grounds for inquiring into Koszta claim to be
discharged on account of his American nation
ality. During the pendency of this inquiry he
received notice of the design to take Koszta
clandestinely, belore the question at issue was
settled, into the dominions of the Emperor of
Austria. As there was no other evidence of bad
faith besides the discovered design of evading
the inquiry, Capt. Ingraham demanded his re
lease, and intimated that he should resort to
force if the demand was not complied with by
a certain hour. Fortunately, however, no force
was used. An arrangement was made by
which the prisoner was delivered to the custody
of the French Consul General, to be kept by
him until the United States and Austria should
agree as to the manner ot disposing of him.
This foil statement ot the facts is deemed im
portant, as it will correct some errors and aid in
presenting with more distinctness the questions
to be discussed.
The undersigned will now proceed to present
the views of the President upon this transaction,
and his reply to these several demands.
His Imperial Majesty demands that the Gov
ernment ot the United States shall direct Koszta
to be delivered to him; that it shall disavow the
conduct of the American agents in this affair,
call them to a severe account, and tender satis
faction proportionate to the outrage.
In order to arrive at just conclusions it is ne
cessary to ascertain and clearly define Koszta’s
political relation with Austria and with the U.
Stages when he was seized at Smyrna. This is
the first rv>int which naturally presents itself for
consideration, ani perhaps the most important
one in its Hearings upon the merits ot the case.
There is great diversity and much confusion
of opinion as to the nature and obligations of
giiegiance. By some it is field to ue MU miles - (
political tie, and, though resulting from !
! ”" re of birth, yet forever binding I
• j 1 j ef t to the sovereign; by others it is con- ’
- eu a political connexion in the nature of a
civi contract, dissoluble by* mutual consent, but
not so at the option of either party. The sounder
and more prevalent doctrine, however, is, that
the citizen or subject, having faithfully perform
ed the past and present duties resulting from his
relation to the sovereign Power, may at any
time release himsell from the obligation of alle
-1 giance, freely quit the land of his birth or adop
tion, seek through all countries a home, and se
lect any where that which offers him the fairest
prospect of happiness for himself and his pos
terity. When the sovereign power, wheresoev
er it may be placed, does not answer the ends
for wl ich it is bestowed, when it is not exerted
tor the general welfare of the people, or has be
come oppressive to individuals, this right to
withdraw rests on as firm a basis and is similar
in principle to the rignt which legitimates re
sistance to tyranny.
The conflicting laws on the subject of alle
giance are of a municipal character, and have no
controlling operation beyond the territorial limits
of the countries enacting them. All uncertain
ty as well as confusion on this subject is avoided
by giving due consideration to the fact that the
parties to the question now under consideration
are two independent nations, and that neither
has the right to appeal to its own municipal laws
lor the rules to settle the matter in dispute, which
occurred within the jurisdiction of a third*inde
pendent Power.
Neither Austrian decrees nor American laws
can be properly invoked for aid or direction in
this case, but international law furnishes the
rules tor a correct decision, and by the light from
this source shed upon the transaction at Smyrna
are its true features to be discerned.
Koszta being beyond the jurisdiction of Aus
tria, her laws were entirely inoperative in his
case, unless the Sultan of Turkey has consented
to give them vigor within his dominions by
treaty stipulations. The law ot nations has rules
of its own on the subject of allegiance, and dis
regard generally all restrictions imposed upon it
by municipal codes.
This is rendered most evident by the proceed
ings of independent States in relation to extra
dition. No State can demand from any other,
as a matter ot right, the surrender of a native
born or naturalized citizen or subject, an emi
grant, or even a fugitive from justice, unless the
demand is authorized by express treaty stipula
tion. International law allows no such claim,
though comity may sometimes yield what right
withholds. To surrender political offenders (and
in this class Austiia places Koszta) is not a duty;
but, on the contrary, compliance with such a
demand woulJ be considered a dishonorable sub
serviency to a foreign Power, and an act merit
ing the reprolation of mankind. As rendering
needless ail further argument on this point, the
undersigned will recall to Mr. Hulsemann’s re
collection what took place in 1849 and 1850 in
relation to the reclamation ot Polish relugees in
Turkey by Russia, and of Hungarian refugees
(of whom Koszta was one) by Austria. This
demand was made in concert, as it were, by two
powerful sovereigns while their triumphant
armies, which had just put an end to the revo
lutionary movements in Hungary, stood upon
the borders of Turkey, with power to erase her
name from the list of nations. She might well
apprehend for herself, as the nations of Western
Europe apprahended for her, that a refusal in her
critical condition would put in jeopardy her ex
istence as an independent Power; but she did
refuse, and the civilized world justified and com
mended the act. Both Austria and Russia plac
ed their respective demands on higher grounds
than a right of extradition under the law of na
tions ; they attempted to strengthen their claim
by founding it upon the obligations of existing
treaties—the same, undoubtedly, that are now
urged upon the consideration of the United
States. Russia and Austria, however, both sub
mitted to the refusal, and never presumed to im
pute to Turkey the act of refusal as a breach ot
her duty or a violation of their rights.
To show that the very same claims to rights
now set up in this case w>ere overruled and re
pudiated in 1849 and 1850, the undersigned will
refer to the cotemporaneous views of eminent
statesmen in regard to the conduct of the Sulran
in refusing to surrender, on the demand of Austra
and Russia, the Hungarian and Polish relugees
who were claimed by these Powers as rebels and
traitors.
Sir Stratford Canning , the British Ambassa
dor at Constantinople, entirely approved ot the
Sultan’s course on that occasion; indeed, he ad
vised it. In a letter to his Government, dated
the 3d ol September, 1849, he says : ‘ On grounds
of humanity, not unmixed with considerations
as affecting the Porte’s character and future poli
cy, 1 have not hesitated to advise a decided re
sistance to the demand of extradition.” From
anoth>- r letter ol this Ambassador, dated the 17th
oi December, commenting on and commending
; the courageous firmness of the Sultan in refusing
i the demand of these powerlul Emperors lor the
surrender of these fugitives, on the same pretence
I as now' set up by one of them to justily the sei
f zure of Koszra, this extract is taken :
. "Allow me to add, rny lord, that in proportion
as I adaiue the courageous firmness with which
, the Sultan and his Government have deterrnin
, ed to make this stand in the cause of humanity
. and ol the lights ot honor and dignity, against a
| demand alike objectionable in substance and in
form, 1 feel a deepening anxiety for the result of
> their resistance, anil lor the degree ol support
; which her Majesty’s Government and that of
France may find themselves at liberty to afford,
i not only in the first instance, but in still graver
i circumstances, should the present partial rupture
unfortunately assume a more serious and mena
cing character.”
In these views the French Minister resident
at Constantinople fully concuried, and so did the
British and French Governments: and both were
prepared to espouse the cause of Turkey if her
humane and honorable course in relusing these
unwarrantable demands had provoked the re
sentment and brought down upon her the hos
tilities of these mighty potentates. The opinions
of other distinguished men approving of the de
cision ol the Emperor of Turkey in refusing to
surrender the Polish and Hungarian refugees,
both on the ground of humanity and right, have
fallen under the notice of the undersigned, but
he has forborne to quote them on account of the
unworthy motive ascribed therein to the Pow
ers making the demand, and the harsh epithets
by which their conduct is characterized,
i , I*. * s an incident 0 f great significance, and
bearing authoritatively upon some of the most
; important questions now' raised, that the case of
Koszta (for he was one of the Hungarian refu
gees then demanded) was fully discussed in 1849
not only by the parties, but throughout Europe’
and decided against tha right of Austria to re
quire his extradition, either under the law of na
tions or by existing treaty stipulations. This!
decision deeply interested not only rulers and
statemen, hut the great body of the people of
every country. They investigated its merits, I
admitted its justice, and commended the firmness !
and humanity of the Sultan for his course.
It is to be regretted that this claim for the
surrender of Koszta and his companions, so fully
considered then and so signally overruled, should
be again revived by Austria under circumstances
which make the United States a reluctant party ;
in the controversy. The claim has been repu
diated by the general judgment ot Europe, and
this Government is unable to discover any suffi
cient reason for dissenting fiom that decision.
Austria appears to have been aware that her
right to seize Koszta could not be sustained by
international law, and she has attempted to de
rive it from certain treaties, or “ ancient capitu
lations by treaty and usage.” The very slight
and inexplicit manner in which this authority *
is adverted to in Mr. Hulsemann’s note apparent- I
ly indicates, if not a want of confidence in it, \
at least a desire not to have it scrutinized. Ifj
there really was such an authority, and it was j
o! such an extraordinary character as it is as
sumed to be, it would have constituted, as Aus- j
tna must have clearly seen, the main strength !
of her case, and she would not have referred to !
it in such manner as to leave the very existence !
of it open to doubt or question. The paragraph
referring to it is the following :
“As there can be no doubt, therefore, con- !
cerning the question of nationality, the Consul
General ot the Emperor at Smyrna was without
doubt perfectly justified when, in virtue of those
treaties which subject Austrian subjects in Tur
key to consular jurisdiction, he seized the person
of Koszta within ihe pale of his jurisdiction.”
If there be such treaties conferring such a pow
er, with such extraoidinary means of enforcing
it, strange indeed it is that more prominence is
not given to the fact in Mr. Hulsemann’s com
munication. Why are the dates of these trea- j
ties withheld ? What is still more important,
why is not the language conveying this authori- !
ty quoted ? The undersigned is constrained, for i
reasons he will briefly assign, to question the ; «
accuracy of the interpretation which derives
the right claimed in the above paragraph from
any existing treaty between Austria and the
Ottoman Porte.
The Austrian Internuncio at Constantinople, '
in a conference with Mr. Marsh, the American
Minister Resident, spoke of a rignt as derived
from “ ancient capitulations by treaty and usage.” |
It is not shown or alleged that new treaty stipu
lations since 1849 have been entered into by
Turkey and Austria. The u ancient capitula
tions' were relied on to support the demand in !
that year for the surrender of the Hungarian re* |
they were scrutinized, and no such au- j
thority as is now claimed was found in them
The French and English Ministers at Constan
tinople, w'ho advised ar.d sustained the Saltan in
resisting the demand of Austria for their extra- |
dition, would not have given such advice if they
could have found in existing treaties any authori
ty for that demand, or any obligation on the
part of the Sultan to yield to it. Lord Palmer
ston, then her Britannic Majesty’s Principal
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, carefully
examined these treaties, and expressed his con
clusions thereon in a letter to Sir Stratford Can
ning, dated 24th of September, 1849. In this
letter, which contained an extract from one of
these treaties—that of Belgrade—and referred to
the claims of Austria founded on them for the
surrender of these refugees, he says : “ The ut
most that could be demanded would be that they
[the refugees] should not be allowed to reside
permanently in the Turkish empire.”
Coming down to a latter period—to the very
transaction at Smyrna—abundant reasons are
found for denying that Turkey was then under
any treaty obligation to deliver Koszta to Aus
tria, or that her Consul General had authority to
seize him. On this subject it is allowable to re
sort to the declarations of the public men of the
Porte as evidence in regard to an issue of this
kind. Their explicit denial may be fairly con
sidered as equivalent to Austria’s affirmation
without proof, where proof, if it existed, could be
so easily adduced.
In a despatch to this Government of the 4th
of August, 1853, Mr. Marsh, the American Min
ister Residdent at Constantinople, says:
l * I have had several conversations on this
subject with the Minitser of Foreign Affairs and
with Aaii Pacha, Governor of Smyrna, at ‘he
time the affair took place. These distinguished
persons are very far from expressing any dissa
tisfaction with the course pursued by us. They
sustain the view the legation has taken of the
legal character of the question, and Aalia Pacha
informs me th .t a few years since the Austrian
Government refu a ed to surrender to the Porte,
Turkish rebels who had fled into Austria, on
the very ground now taken by the Porte—name
ly that the treaties did not provide for the ex
tradition of political offenders.”
Mr. Brown, the Charge d’Affaires ad interim
of the United States at Constantinople, writes
that in an interview with Chehil-Effindi, also a
Turkish officer of high rank and great experi
ence, in which the affair at Smyrna was dis
cussed, he observed that “ the Austrian Govern
ment does not posses the power by treaty to ar
rest any one on Ottoman soil for political of
fences.” There is now, however, something
more decisive from Turkey than the opinion of
her public men in opposition to this treaty-claim
of Austria. The Government of the Porte has
pronounced a judgement in relation to the seizure
of Koszta, which Austria herself is bound to
respect. It has protested against the conduct
of the Austrian agents in that affair as un
lawful and a violation of its sovereignty;
but not one word of complaint, not a murmur of
dissatisfaction from Turkey against the conduct
of the functionaries of the Uaited States at
Smyrna has yet reached this Government. This
is certainly an anomalous case Austria arraigns
the United States for violating the rights of Tur
key in the Koszta affair; Turkey, the offended
party, exonerates the United States, and protests
against Austria our accuser, for the very same
offence.
These considerations have led the undersign
ed, as he believes they will lead all others who
duly reflect on them, to the confident conclusion
j that there exist no treaties between Austria and
i Turkey wouln could justify or in any way
countenance the seizure or imprisonment of
Koszta by the Austrian functionaries.
But if Austria really has such authority by
treaties as she now claims, it confessedly extends
only to "Austrain subjects.’’ It couldjnot,there
fore, be applied to Koszta unless he was such a
subject at the time he was seized. If the ques
tion of his nationality is to be settled by inter
national law, the only code which furnishes the
rules by which this question is to be determined,
there is no good re .son for adjudging h«m to
have been, when seized at Smyrna, an Austrian
subject. But settle this question, as Austria
j would have it settled, by an appeal to her own
civil code, the result will be the same.
By the consent and procurement of the Empe
ror of Austria, Koszta beep sent into perpet
ual banishment. The Emperor was a party to
the expulsion of the Hungarian refugees from
Turkey. The sovereign by such an act deprives
his subjects to whom it is applied of all their
rights under his Government. He places them
where he cannot, if he would, afford them pro
: tection. By such an act he releases the subjects
thus banished from the bond of allegiance. Any
| other result would make the political connexion
! between the subject and the sovereign a state of
unmitigated vassalage, in which all the duties
and no rights would be on one side, and all the
righ‘s and no duties would be on the other.—
Koszta must be regarded as having been banish
ed by Austria; for he was one of the Hungarian
j refugees whom she procured to be expelled from
Turkey in 1851. They were released from con
finement at Kutahia on condition of submitting
to perpetual banishment, and she had two per
sons present at their departure “ who claimed
and obtained there an active share in the ar
rangements.” Koszta could never thereafter be
rightfully demanded as an Austrian subject.
The proposition that Koszta at Smyrna was
not an “ Austrian subject” can be sustained on
another ground. By a decree of the Emperor of
j Austria of the 24th of March, 1832, Austrian
j subjects leaving the dominions of the Emperor
; without permission of the magistrate and a re
lease of Austrian citizenship, and with an iriten
j tion never to return, become “ unlawful emi
grantsf and lose all their civil an polical r ghts
| at home.— Amer. Tit. Emigration, 3
Kent’s Com., 50, 51 )
Koszta had left Austria without permission,
and with the obvious and avowed intention nev
er to return : he was, therefore, within the strict
meaning of the imperial decree, “an unlawful
emigrant.” He had incurred and paid the pen
alty of that offence by the loss of all his civil and
political rights. If he had property, it had es
cheated, and he was reduced to a state worse
than absolute alienage; for aliens have, by right,
| the benefit of the civil laws for protection in
j whatever country they may be. Stripped by
this imperial decree of civil and political rights,
Koszta had, in Austria, no redress for personal
I wrongs, and abroad he had no claim to protec
, tion from the Government that would still hold
j him as a subject. He was, in regard to Austria,
an outlaw’. What right can a sovereign have to
j fche allegiance of a person reduced by him to such
a miserable condition ? It seems to have been
the very object of the Austrian decree to dissolve
I the previous political connexion between the
unlawful emigrant” and the Emperor. In
Koszta’s case it was dissolved.
Some importance seems to be attached to Kos
ta s own opinion of his citizenship. The note
of Mr.. Hulsemann conveys the impression,
though it does not contain the express averment,
that he acknowledged himself to be a subject of
the Emperor of Austria. The passage, when
closely examined, shows that the alleged ac
knowledgment is only an inference from undis
| closed premises. The language of the note on
: this subject is the following: “The very decla
ration of that refugee on board of the Huszar, in
| the presence of the American Consul and the
commander of the St. Louis, shows that he still
considered himself as a subject of the Emperor.”
The declaration referred to in support of this in
ference is not given, but it is undoubtedly the
response Koszta is reported to have made when
interrogated as to his being an American citizen:
“I am a Hungarian, and will live and die a Hun
garian.” Mr. Brown,the Charge d’Affaires ad
interim of the United States at Constantinople,
who was not at|Smyrna at any time during the
transaction in relation to Koszta, stated in a let
ter to Baron de Bruck something like the fore
going dealaration; but Capt. Ingraham, who was
present, as Mr. Hulsemann states, when Koszta
was examined and made the declaration imputed
to him, says, in writing to the Minister Resi
< ent of the United States : “I am astonished to 1
see by Mr. Brown’s letter that Koszta declared I
himself on our first interview a Hungarian. I
did not hear him say so.” It may well be doub- i
ted whether Koszta ever used any such lan- 1
guage. Should it, however, be admitted that he
did make that or a similar declaration, it cannot 1
be fairly understood to imply au acknowledg
ment that he was then a subject of the Emperor
of Austria. To apprehend rightly what he
rneant by such a declaration it is proper to con
sider his situation, his known sentiments, and
his antecedents. In his mind rio two things
could probably be more distinct from each other
i than Austria and Hungary. One was an object
of his aversion—the other an object of his love.
His affections clustered around the land of his
birth, and were the more intense because he
l thought that country had been cruelly wronged,
] and he knew it was unfortunate. In his visions
j ot the future he saw a happier destiny for Hun
gary. He saw her standing proudly among the
independent nations of the earth, under a cle
ment Government emanating from the will of
I the people, and dedicating its constitutional au
thority to their general welfare. In the fallen
condition of Hungary he thought it base to dis
own her, and glorious to claim her for the land
of his birth. His situation when this declara
tion is supposed to have been made is also to be
regarded in interpreting his words. He was in
the hands of Austrian agents, loaded with fet
ters, arid warned of his own doom by the know
ledge of the sad fate of so manyof his unfortunate
companions, In this lorlorn condition he could
not have intended, by the language ascribed to
him, to acknowledge any unbroken tie which
then bound him to the Emperor of Austria.
The undersigned is brought, by a fair applica
tion of sound principlssof law, and by a careful
consideration of the facts, to this important con
clusion—that those who acted in behalf of Aus
tria had no right whatever to seize and imprison
Martin Koszta.
It will be conceded that the civil authority of
Turkey during the whole period of the occur
rences at Smyrna was dormant, and in no W’ay
called into action. Under these ciicumstances
—Austria without any authority, Turkey exer
cising none, and the American functionaries,
as Austria asserts, having no right in behalf of
their Government to interfere in the affair, (a
proposition which will be hereafter contested)
—what, then, was the condition of the parties
at the commencement ol the outrage and through
its whole progress ? They were all, in this
view of the case, without the immediate pres
ence and controlling direction of civil or inter
national law in regard to the treatment of Kosz
ta. The Greek hirelings, Koszta their victim,
and the Austria and American agents were.upon
this supposition, all in the same condition at
Smyrna in respect to rights and duties, so far as
regards that transaction, as they would have
been in if it had occurred in their presence in
some unappropriated region lying far beyend the
confines of any sovereign State whatever ; they
were the liege subjects of the law of nature,
moral agents, bound each and all alike to ob
serve the preceipts of that law, and especially
that which is confirmed by divine sanction, and
enjoins upon all men every where, when not
acting under legal restraints, to do unto others
whatsoever they would that others should do
unto them ; they were bound to do no wrong,
and to the extent of their means to prevent
wrong from being done ; to protect the weak
from being oppressed by the strong, and to re
lieve the distressed. In the case supposed.
Koszta was seized without any rightful authoii
ty. He was suffering grievous wrong ; any one
that could might relieve him. To do so was a
duty imposed under the peculiar circumstances
of the case by the laws of humanity. Capt.
Ingraham, in doing what he did for the release
of Koszta, would, in this view of the oase, be
fully justified upon this principle. Who, in such
a case, caH tailly take offence? Who have a
right to complain ? Not the wrong-doers, sure
ly, for they can appeal to no law to justify their
conduct. They can derive no support from civil
authority, for there was none called into action ;
ior from the law of nature, for that they have
violated.
To place the justification of the American
agents still further beyond controversy, the un
dersigned will now proceed to show that Koszta,
when he was seized and imprisoned at Smyrna,
had the national character of an American, and
the Government of the United States had the
right to extend its protection over hirn .
The genuineness ot the certificate which he
produced when he claimed protection as an
American citizen has been questioned in con
sequence ot the imperfect copy given by Mr.
Brown to the Austrian Internuncio ; but that
which he produced to the American Consul at
Smyrna and to Captain Ingraham, to the com
m»i*der of the Austrian brig Huszar and to the
Austrian Consul-General was genuine. A cor
rect copy of it has been sent to this Department,
and verified by a comparison with the record
ot the court in fNiew York in which Koszta made
iis declaration in due to mos law’. To remove
all doubt on this subject a certified copy of that
record is annex-d to this communication.
[to be concluded tomorrow ]
Statistics of Fever.
We publish from the Advertiser the Sexton’s
Report for the pre ious month. ItshoAs only
four more than the interments of the month of
September of last year, and this, notwithstand
ing our increased population. A portion of these
were stangers, and but tew adult citizens. This
city, it is well known, is on a great thoroughfare
from ’ outh to North during the season, and is,
in the Spring and Fall, the stopping place for
manv invalids in their progress from different
sections. Many die here at the Hotels from di
verse chronic complaints, and the Sexton’s list
ot interments at all seasons evidences many cases
of this nature, and is no test of the health or
mortality ot this locality. There have been,
since the middle ot July, many cases of yellow
fever of persons from Mobile and New Oileans
—some of which died, and some of which re
covered and passed on their way convalescent.
About the middle of August, several cases, re
ported yellow fever, occurred among a body of
unacclimated men who had been engaged for the
previous month in ditching and laying gas pipes,
&c.—working throughout the day in the hot
sun. 3. wo or three ot these died of severe fever,
but as no cases occurred for the next two weeks,
no excitement existed on the subject. Within
the last few days, several cases of fever have oc
curred, and a panic has been got up, and there
has been a general stampede in consequence.
Our streets are now as much deserted as in the
cholera and small pox eras. This we consider
unfortunate—and so far, unnecessary. This dis
ease, which has been confined to a portion of the
city near the river, has not as yet developed any
epidemic features, and there have occurred yet
few cases; and at the present date, we can hear
of no new cases tor the last tew days.
Ibis fever, in its main type,as far as develop
ed, resembles that which formerly prevailed
through this section in the fall months, and we
have known it to kill men even in the compara
tive sparse population of those days, in ten times
the number, and ten times the speed and cer
tainty than the few coses at present.
As we said weeks ago, what may occur, we
know not, but up to this date, we see no rea
sonable ground for the extraordinary alarm and
panic which has prevailed for the last few days.
Doubtless, however, it may be well for those
w’ho have seats adjacent to retire there, as it will
leave less material, in case an epidemic should
prevail, which can hardly be expected at this
late date in the season.— Montgomery (Ala)
Journal , 3d inst.
[From the Montgomery ( Alabama) Journal .]
Fever at the Faotory.
Montgomery, Oct. 1, 1853.
Messrs. Editors : —As manv false and terri
fying rumors are in circulation, respecting the
hands employed in the Mills, Iron Works and on
the wharf, I deem it my duty to give a brief
statement of the facts as they actually exist.
Mr. Rogers who has charge of my hands on
the wharf, states that he has but two on the sick
list, and never belore had so few out of so many,
in the several years (between three and four)'
that he has had charge of them I have lost
none recently, excepting a man that died of con
sumption in August, after an illness of eighteen
months—and a child of two years of age, that
has been sick of the summer complaint for two
months, and brought here sick from Talladega
county. Our book-keeper at the Mill, was per
suaded by the panic makers that he would die if
he remained, and I gave him leave of absence
until after frost. He is the only one that has
left the Mill.
Our book-keeper in the Iron Works, has an
attack ol billions fever, and there is every pros
pect of his being out in a few days. He is a
stranger to the climate.
Mr. Jackson, a northern man, (our fareman in
the Iron Works,) died on the 27th September, 1
from congestion of the brain. 1
The watchman of the Iron Works, has had a (
slight attack of fever, but is free from it at this
time, and nearly well. 1
Many of our workmen, who are from the ’
North, partaking of the panic which has prevail- I
ed to a very unreasonable degree, (but which
has nearly ceased,) have left for their homes.
To sum up the whole in a few words, out of
largely over two hundred persons, (of both col
lors) in my employment and under my charge,
but one has died ot fever , and but ten or twelve are
now under medical treatment for fever, and not
one that is seriously ill.
My hands are at work upon the wharf, the
Mill is in lull operation, and the Factory is not
stopped. I am on the spot, and shall leave
whenever I discover that my health is in greater
jeopardy in Montgomery than elsewhere. At
the present I am unable to see that any advan
tage would accrue in this respect by exchanging
Montgomery for any other location. As far as
my observation extends.all the febrile complaints
of Montgomery lie within a short distance of
the river, and not enough any where to Justify
the panic which has prevailed for the past few
days. Your ob’t serv’t,
Jonh G. Winter.
AUGUSTA, Ga7~
THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER
Election Returns.
In seventy-two counties heard from, Jenkins
gains 2,104 votes compared with the Governor’s
election in 1849.
Twenty-seven counties to be heard from.
CHATHAM COUNTY.
For Goi'ernor.
Hershel Y. Johnson, (dem.) 761
Charles J. Jenkins, (whig,) 614
For Congress.
Francis S. Bartow, (whig,) 792
James L. Seward, (dem.) ’. 548
For State Senator.
John W. Anderson, (dem. no op.) .... 1114
For Representatives.
John E. Ward, (dem.) 844
Geo. P. Harrison, (dem.) 757
R. W. Pooler, (independent) 601
For Judge of the Superior JCourt.
Wm. B. Fleming, (whig,) ~...689
LeviS. D’Lyon, (dem.) 354
Charles S. Henry, (dem.) 288
EIGHTH DISTRICT. —SCRIVEN COUNTY. *
For Governor.
Johnson 7
Jenkins 21
For Congress.
John J. Jones 6
A. H. Stephens IS
C. W. Young 2
For Brigadier General.
Polhill 2
Hayne 28
For State Senate.
Moulty 8
Jackson % . 15
For Representatives.
Hurst 2
Thompson 3
Gross 15
Harrington 7
For Judge.
W. W. Holt 21
BRYAN COUNTY.
Old Court House Precinct.
For Governor.
Jenkins 27
Johnson 24
For Congress.
Bartow 33
Seward. 17
For Judge.
Fleming 25
Henry 21
DeLyon —. 2 *
For Senator.
Butler 27
Smith 9
Love 9
Warrenton, Oct. 5.
Jenkins’ majority in this County is about 175.
Cody and Potter elected for Representatives.
Beall for Senate. Baldwin 39 ; Hancock about
210 majority foe Jenkins.
Cummins, October 3, 1853.
Mr. Gardner : Below you will find the re
sult of this day’s election. All of the Districts
have been heard from, save one, and that will
increase our majority 25 votes.
For Governor.
Johnson 661
Jenkins 459
For Congress.
Hillyer 624
1 Wofford 39
Morton 139
Stanford 2
Holsey 247
For Senate.
Strickland 604
Hawkins 493
For Representative.
Rice 639
Outy 437
BURKE COUNTY.
For Governor.
Johnson 325
Jenkins 543
For Congress.
Stephens 516
Jones 321
For Senator.
Gresham 489
Palmer 246
For House.
Shew make 495
Parsons 407
Jones 448
Cosnahan 210
COWETA COUNTY.
For Governor.
Johnson 826
Jenkins 679
For Congress.
Dent 732
Calhoun 693
For Senate.
Smith 651
Berry 608
For House.
Bridges .626
Willcoxson 575
Dodd 674
Kirby 620
WALTON COUNTY.
For Governor.
Johnson 737
Jenkins 538
For Congress.
Hillyer... 682
Holsey 421
Wofford 37
Morton 77
Stanford 1
For Judge Superior Court.
Jackson , 720
Dougherty 432
For Senator.
Hill— 720
Selmau 508
For Representatives.
Williams 724
Hayes 719
Haynie 508
McGaughey 374
Carroll county Johnson’s majority is 250.
Lumpkin county Johnson’s majority 200.
Gilmer county Johnson’s majority 201.
Chattooga county Jenkins’ majority 60.
Washington county Jenkins’ majority 105.
Lawrenceville, Oct. 4, 1853.
Mr. Gardner—Sir : I send you the result of
the election held here yesterday, which will en
title old Gwinnett to stand head on the list of
democratic counties, notwithstanding the Dryites
concentrated upon Holsey and Jenkins, which
will account for their heading the ticket. If it
had not have been for a combination of that
kind Johnson would have carried the county by
oue hundred majority.
But to the result: Johnson 772; Jenkins 797 ;
Hillyer 662 ; Wofford 81 ; Stanford 67 ; Morton
130 ; Holsey 574.
For Judge.—Jackson 839 ; Dougherty 680.
For Senate.—Thomas, Dem., 684 ; Brown,
Whig, 625 ; Mills, Dryite, 208.
For the House.—Whitworth, 747; Hudson
841, Democrats; Dunlap, 530, Brandon, 484,
Whigs; Maddox, 212, Baxter, 246, Dryites.
This is the official result. If you see proper, you
can give this publicity through your valuable
paper. Excuse haste, &c. K. Y. T.
Macon, Oct. s—p. m.
H. V. Johnson’s majority in the second dis
trict will be at least 500. Colquitt’s majority
nearly 1100.
In the third district, Bailey is elected by about
70 votes; Johnson about the same.
Taylor county gives us 217 instead of 147.
Randolph gives Johnson 50 majority : Baker 509
majority ; Thomas 158 majority and Dooly 201
majority, and all Democrats elected to the Legis
i lature.
Pulaski gives Jenkins 82 majority and Lee
only 50.
Columbus, Oct. s—p. m .
Jenkin’s majority in Muscogee is 64, in Lee
100, Sumpter 49, Marion 65, Macon 99, Pulaski
88.
Johnson’s majority in Stewart is 44. Col
quitt is elected.
Johnson’s majority in the District, say 350 to
400.
Macon, Oct. s—p. m.
Seventy-one counties heard from at this office,
and Johnson is 237 votes ahead on the whole.
This calculation is based upon late
which give Gilmer to us by only 200 and Lump
kin by only 200. Cannot vouch for their truth-
Accounts from Taylor county is very contra
dictory. Bailey’s election is doubtful.
GEORGIA ELECTION.
First District.
s «
« g a ►
S«1 3 « s
g z* •* a £ «
Counties £ a 4 % & £
Appling 191 133 000 000 000 000
Bryan 76 117 000 000 000 000
Bulloch 408 25 360 23 336 36
Chatham.... 786 666 761 614 548 792
Camden 176 62 060 000 000 000
Clinch 000 000 000 000
Effingham... 124 202 136 200 120 220
Emanuel 307 176 000 000 OOu 060
Glynn 38 94 000 000 000 000
Irwin 337 41 000 000 000 000
Laurens 58 539 000. 000 000 000
Lowndes 430 419 000 000 000 000
Liberty 146 153 000 000 000 000
Mclntosh 133 79 000 000 000 000
Montgom’ry. 53 221 000 000 000 000
Thomas 311 416 000 000 000 OCO
Telfair 219 173 000 000 000 000
Tatnall 96 307 000 000 000 «oO
Wayne 112 62 000 000 000 000
Ware 217 268 000 000 000 000
Second District.
fl y. a
« ® a Si o
g - | 3 J. J
Counties 2 £ J § |
Baker 568 273 000 000 000 000
Body 505 311 000 000 000 000
Decatur 302 469 000 000 000 000
Early 457 144 000 000 000 000
Lee 249 330 000 000 000 000
Muscogee 857 1039 911 975 912 932
Macon 340 389 000 000 000 000
Marion 581 517 000 000 000 000
Pulaski 399 246 000 000 090 'OOO
Randolph ... 769
Stewart 648 824 000 000 000 000
Sumter 577 662 000 000 000 000
Third District.
- - ■
5 2 .2 k ®
8 _ n Si ® g<
5 a -s .£*
Counties _ h a £ £ pa £ -
Butts 411 264 000 000 000 000
Bibb 734 634 000 000 000 000
Crawford.... 404 377 000 000 1 000 000
Houston .... 681 668 000 000 000 000
Harris 441 748 000 000 000 000
'. Monroe 650 732 000 000 000 000
Spaldi»g 000 000 000 000
* Taylor 000 000 000 000
t Talbot 756 796 000 000 000 000
Pike 895 719 000 000 000 000
Upson •... 423 620 000 000 000 000
Fourth District.
- - .
s * S a »
o _ q a o
1 ► zi a n a 3
Ce.nties g a 4 £ « o
Coweta 724 774 820 679 732 693
Cobb 1089 888 000 000 000 000
Campbell,.... 653 311 000 000 000 000
DeKalb 1014 832 000 000 000 000
Payette 697 449 000 000 000 000
Heard 486 355 000 000 0001 000
Henry 895 910 000 000 0001 000
Merriweth’r. 834 743 000 000 000 ! 000
Troup 406 1096 000 000 000' 'OOO
Fifth District.
o 3 ,5
a_a s s s
Counties £ Ed _ £ £ OH
Cass 1461 905 000 000 000 ~ r ooo
Cherokee.... 1101 681 000 000 000 000
Chattooga... 462 396 000 000 000 000
Carroll 891 428 000 000 000 000
Dade 309 67 COO 000 000 000
Floyd 780 738 000 000! 000 000
Gordon 000 000 000 COO
Gilmer 838 289 000 000 000 0«>o
Murray 1177 703 000 000 000 000
Polk 000 000 000 COO
Paulding 508 359 000 000 000 000
Walker 918 731 000 000 000 000
Whitfield...! | 000| 000 1| 000 | 000
Sixth District.
>»
*2 ® c 3 o c *
Counties £ £ g S 3 tfl m
Clarke 454 584 000 000 0(9) 00' : 000 000 000
Franklin 974 380 000 000 0 0 000 "00 "00 0i 0
Forsyth 753 496 661 459 39 624 139 247 2
Gwinnett .... 639 739 772 797 81 662 130 574 67
Jackson 732 558 000 0 0 000 000 000 000 000
Hall • 695 542 Oi'O 000 000 "00 00 000 009
Habersham.. 771 322 000 000 000 00" 000 000 000
Lumpkiu 902 522 00" 00" 000 000 000 000 000
Madison 375 324 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
Rabun 330 21 j 000 00 000 000 0001000 000
Union 673 285 0"0 0"0 000 0"0 0"0 000 000
Walton 741 536 [ 737 538 | 37 682 77|421 J 77
Seventh District.
- 3 ~
te 2 * T 3 _
g ... 2 Jo S
Counties j?_ _S_ £ -g _ £
Baldwin 309 357 000 000 000 doiS
Greene 128 761 COO 000 000 000
Hancock 344 412 000 000 000 000
Jones 434 396 000 000 000 000
Jasper 540 410 0(0 000 000 000
Morgan 272 379 000 000 0"0 000
Newton 610 910 000 000 €OO 000
Putnam 322 374 000 000 000 000
Twiggs 392 330 000 000 000 000
Wilkinson... 512 381 000 000 o*o 000
Washington. 592 j 012 000 000 000 000
Eighth District.
•5; ’ * "
5 8 .9 » •?
£ s .a «
Counties _ h
Burke 343 464 325 543 321 516 000 Oou
Columbia.... 220 361 000 000 000 0"0 000 000
Elbert 195 995 000 000 009 000 000 000 1
Jefferson 107 430 000 000 o*o 000 000 €OO
Lincoln 172 233 000 000 000 000 000 000
Oglethorpe.. 206 600 000 060 000 000 000 000
Richmond... 542 739 723 938 712 881 000 000
Scriveu 251 226 000 000 000 000 000 000
Taliaferro... 69 328 000 000 000 000 000 000
Warren 417 572 000 ofo 000 000 000 000
Wilkes 324 441 000 00011 000 000 000 000
Members of the Legislature.
SENATORS.
Baldwin.— Butts.
Burke.—Gresham.
Chatham.— Anderson.
Coweta.— Smith.
Forsyth .—Strickland.
Richmond. —Miller.
Walton.— Hill.
house of representatives.
Bald win.— McCoombs.
Bryan.— Love.
Burke.—Shewmake, Jones.
Chatham— Ward, Harrison.
Coweta. — Bridges, Dodds.
Forsyth.— Rice.
Liberty. — Jones, Smith.
Richmond.—Walker, Walton.
Walton.— Williams, Hays.
Democrats in italic, Whigs in roman.
n i _ I KI,K(;R A pJ]*9*
Trausinitlrd .« ,h. Oo„. lllnli ~~ __ '
~
The steamship Mexico ° Ct>4 '
ports the steamer Yatchfrom Braz* , n *
New Orleans, with large amount 0 f f *
struck on Brazos baron the 23d J U
to pieces. The passengers and
saved, and part of the specie. * ere «l
In the Cotton market to-day pr i w ,
pressed by the advices per Baltic n T** *
sales were made. ' ° n, y a f ew
Charleston, Oct r ,
Cotton -Sales to-day 300 bales 7 ®
10| cents. The market is quiet. l0 < •»
New York, Oct 3
Cotton.— The market is dull T?®'
bales ‘ a| cs 7^
New York, Oct 5
Cotton .-The sales for the last tw„7 P ®
4 500 bales. The market is unchanged **
Rice.— Sales 150 tierces at $4 t 0
I Telegraphed for the Charleston On, ,
Baltimore, Oct. 3, 3.18 p \i C
per Baltic.-- The Havre Cotton Maruf^’"' 4
tive, and the sales during the week ' Vas »C'
the 18th ult., comprised 9000 bales
ult. 1000 bales were sold C>n thelg^
European Intelligence-h is reported a k
Cholera was extending its rava»« ?„
lish ports. r s in the Eq,
The latest advices from Constantin 1
to the 7th ult. and they state that t ?
troops had been sent to Varua and Shn L§7pti,t
, Advices from Paris to the 20th nit "
Austria had declared that she
act with the other Powers and PS
structions had been sent to Baron
, sure the Sultan that he must accept the
without any modification. * 1 hrst
I he Y lenna Conference was at the l as t
, ces still in session, endeavoring to
■ teis ; but it considered matter’s £ “S’*
. serious. ein ß »err
The Hungarian Regalia are to h* u .
the Museum at Vienna 6
Letters from Madrid state that another nolc
cal crisis is coming on in Spain and tZ;
vate'Political circle, the pmpiiety * d If
the Queen is freely discussed uepwit !.
It is reported that new modifications conch
tory both to Russia and Turkey would C 5
but it is feared that in the meantime the,S
on the Danube might come into collision
).. \ h * Se . rvian Gh arge has notified the p n
) that Servia will remain neutral in the
1 a w r ar. v * Bl «
)„ B y J. h ® overland «'e learn that tbeU i
J Expedition comprising the Susquehanna,?^
, ton, Plymouth and Saratoga, sailed on the L
) J uly, from Shanga. tor Japan, followed bv hl
> Russian frigates. The Susquehanna and s£
) g* J iad touched at seveial Islands, and distribr
) ed live stock. At the island of Borr.ar whl,
) they found European settlers, they pUw
ten acres of land, and a five harbor fora coai*
> Pot
> The Chinese revolution extends, but noi
) cisive action is reported.
j The King of Prussia has concluded not to t
to the meeting of the Emperors of Rmsiaas
Austria at Olmutz.
The Paris papers state that the Fiench Gov«s
merit entertains confident hopes that the Tin"
kish difficulties will be settled without an a
- peal to arms. The Patrie adds that the EnJ
} or of Russia w ill (not ?) under any circumstat
) oes commence hostilities. |
) Baltimore, Oct. 3,5 50 P. M.—
2 Intelligence. — Advices have been received by Is-1
) President at Washington, stating fiat seri«|
) difficulties had occurred between the Amencail
) and Mexican troops in the Mesilla Valley. 11l
j is understood that the Mexican Government itl
) tended to demand explanations from Gen. Gidt l
den in ieterence to the Americanssendingtam
into the Y alley. Advices have been received ill
the Navy Department, that Commodore Sig.|
gold’s exploring squadron were at CapedeVenkl
on the 27th July—ail well 1
, New Orleans, Oct. 4, 6.25 P. M-Progral
1 of the Epidemic. —The intei ments in New Oiitaß
on Monday of parties who had died fromyelwß
; fever were only 6. The Board of Healtkuß
( discontinued the daily reports, considering til
1 the epidemic is now over. The weather is vl
) and business is reviving. 1
| New Orleans. Sept. 30. —New Orkm .V;H
) kets. —The sales of Cotton during the weekwM
comprised 3500 bales The receipts in thesiiß
period have amounted to 11,000 bales, isl
stock on hand is 28.000 bales. Freights to w
erpool are quoted at fd. for Cotton. Ekihiß
on London rules at 91 per cent, premium I
- New Orleans, Oct. 4. 328 P. M—OnH«H
, day in New Orleans the 4 Cotton marketwas-iM
1 | settled, and prices were irregular, beinglulllfl
5 i eighth of a cent lower after the receptionodH
| America’s advices, although to give
) quotations is impossible. The sales compaßl
) I 600 bales. The receipts for the lost two JJ
> were 2000 bales. |
Cotton Beds.—Cotton costs but sir*®®
cents per pound, while feathers cost forty
ty. If it he indeed true that cotton can :! *»j
sufficiently elastic, it will work a grpat - ®
) The purity of cotton, and the absenceof>«
| fensive odor, are important qualitiesai» ®
( effect of the general adoption of cotton i"
1 will be to enhance its value, but features #
1 as surely decline. The public, however,
1 be important gainers. BJ
[ An intelligent correspondent, who basjrW
1 the subject some attention, writes to toe
1 more Clipper as follows: —“This iu f<t j j
is to create a wide public interest,
in the Southern section of the Union. ‘ W j
does not appear to exist a doubt as to I
practicability. Indeed, if is said to have
practical use for more than twelve I
upon this principle having been actua'ly^Wl
factured and extensively introduced I
New York market by a company orga l l
; der the Robertson Patents. These Gv-Bn
stood the test, and have had a great ranVl
city under the style of the felt mattress- M
li Measures are taken to make arrack
w’ith cotton manufacturers to supply t®*
Btecs of the Union with the bedding
stery materials of this invention. !' a®
hoped that the cotton manufacturers -
ciriitv of your city will become agen '
patentee, as their locality would ena „ ; yH|
to supply the markets of the Southern a
die States to a greater advantage tnan
establishments. The agents for the® ■■
patents are E. Harmon, Esq., ” a *
B. Hartson, proprietor of the Globe t MM
New York.” i B
We understand that two or three fir®* .Sjl
city have been favored with invoice s
ley & Abbott in like manner with. a5 "fl
bourn & Co., of Wilmington, N• ''
tioned by us yesterday. The dra
never came on and consequently no ■
Charleston Courier,
(fLonunrrrial. j I
SAVANNAH, Oct. 3, p
was very little demand to-day- . jl);
to 66 bales as follows :35 at 9j, 1 M
18J, and 2 bales at 10J cts. „ I ■
SA YANNAH wT
Per brig Arctnrus, fore I j|
Lumber. _ ~. „KJ
Per'schr Satalla, for Baltmio* Mjß
Lumber; 80 bales Yarn. . Wi
Per schr Isaac Cohens Hertz, fnM
casks Rice, 50 half do do, 145 h c
678 feet Lumber.' 1
Shipping
*£££&% I
Lamar, Johnson. Augusta y e w
Cleared, brig Arcturus. Lahr.. Cobeo3 ■■
Satilla, Staples, Baltimore; ft R
Carier, Havana '
CIIARLESTON, Oct. s r' A wJue
Marion, Foster. New-Y °rk, pb mWt M
Sherwood. New York: brig g o3 ton:
gua la Grande: America, Br .. ’
sine, Smith, New York; Get. _ H
York; Shamrock, Lanfere.
Billups, Baltimore. philftd^P' l1 * I H
Below, scr Maria L. Oavis. , LonJ° a '
Cleared, barque George, Iho > Mg
Hats.— The latest Falll ■
Hats, just received at -a pKl*-® I fl