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BV JAMES GARDNER. <§mtui JMmrrUsrmfnts. NEW GUNS, PISTOLS, &C. tfr.jaJ steel, just above the Augusta Hotel. subscriber has just received a large addi tion to his former stock of GUNS and GUN APPARATUS, which makes his assort ment decidedly the best in tho city—consisting of : Double and Single Barreled GUNS, all sixes and Allen’s, and other REVOLVERS; also, the Single Barreled Self-cocking and RIFLE PIS TOL, ded barrels. 4 great variety of Powder Flasks and Shot Bftj?, ami Game Bags, of the finest patterns. Also, Percussion Caps, all varieties, from the (.jamon G. 1). to tho finest Westley Richard’s wa ter proof- Cleaning Rodr, Drinking Flasks, Dog Collars, Hunting Horns, Nipple Wrenches, Ac. Ac. Pocket and Pen Knives, Razors, Bowie Knives, powder, by keg or in canisters, all varieties. Shot, by the bag or retail. RIFLES and Double GUNS, of my own make, on 9 barrel Rifie and the other Shot, a splendid shooting article. k N. B.—RIFLES mado to order, and all kinds of p.ESTOCKING and REPAIRING done in the best manner, and warranted. Also, Keys fitted and Door Locks repaired, at short notice. E. 11. ROGERS, jane 16 machine and blacksmith shop. Corner of Turiggs and Watkins St. Augusta, Ga. Tilt SUBSCRIBERS, having coatly fitted up their establish merit for the purpose of TURNING, FINISHING, ami BLACKSMITH- ggt&ztzsM jX’d IN GENERAL, arc now prepared to execute borders at the shortest notice, such as Spindles, p -anks. and Iron of all kinds for Mills. Also, Steam j jjw* Repaired with neatness and dispatch, promptly attended to. X. 15 AVehave on hand a new Twelve Ilorso twice w ;\ich we offer cheap for cash -1 6m LORD A SLATER. COP ARTNERSHIP NOTICE. THE subscribers having associated themselves together in the Boot and Shoemaking business, I have purchased tho entire stock of A. DOUBET, take this method of informing the public and the , patrons of the late establishment, that they are ] prepared to execute all orders in the manufacturing, 1 as heretofore; and will also keep on hand a general i assortment of ready mado work, Ladies, Misses and ( Childrens Boots and Shoos of all descriptions. To gether with a genoral assortment of Gentlemons t wear. To which they invite the pbulic to give 1 them a call and examine for themselves. All c work purchased of them is warranted, JOHN PARR* ] J.D. SMITH. Augusta Ga., July 7th 1853. july 8 CLEAR THE TRACK. ' J 5000 PAIR plantation BROGANS, double ' c 1000 pair wax BROGANS. j 5000 pair house servant SHOES. • 100 cases thick and kip BOOTS. f — ■ i A nuperior stock of fine LADIES GAITERS, . and Gentlemen's fine French Glove top BUTTON j BOOTS, comprising a general assortment oi Goods j far the season at wholesale, bv package or dozen s at HENRY DALY’S, J sep22 opposite United States Hotel. : NEW GOODS. P. Sr M. (ULLAHER HAVE ju*t received the following GOODS, to which they respectfully invite thej'attention of the public: Rich Bonnet and Neck RIBBONS. Black and Colored Velvet do. Black Giuips and Fringes. Black Lace, all w ; dths. Embroidered Chemiaetts and Under Sieeves. Embroidered Cud's and Collars. Black and Colored Kid Gloves. Jaconets and Swiss Inccrting and Edging. E übroidered Linen Cambric Handkorchifes. Linen Lawn and Linen Cambric. Brocade and Plaid Silks. Bombaaenes and Alpacas Also a select stock of Ladies and Gents. Hose, which will be sold at very reduced prices. Shirtings, Osnaburgs and Kerseys, at factory prices. ts sept 11 SPECTACLES. f F YOU will and must wear SPECTACLES, got 1 them exactly suited to the eye, or they will do ffi ore iiarm than good. THE OPTOMETER is an inurnment invented by Prof. Stampfor, of the School of Vienni, lor the purpose of measuring with scientific exactness the degree of convexity t *he eye had lost by age, and it applies accurate num hers of glasses to counteract the de fect. None, thetf. need hereafter complain th»t their spectacles pain their eyes, who call on us to do fitted with Spectates. Come and see for your selves. Now, though wd have taken much pains to obtain this instrument, as well to inform ourselves with reference to the application of Glasses to remedy the defects of vision, we take pleasure in informing our patrons and the public, that we have become sole agents of Messrs. Ball & Co., for the sale of thoir recently invented Cups, which render spectacles entirely useless, even to the most Aged persons, where eyes have lost their convexity from age We append, in favor of this invention, the ■following letter from Prof. Finney, of Oberlin Col lege. Tho fact in regard to the improvement in my sight by tho use of your Cups are these: I was woaring GLASSES of 18 inches focus —I have had them change d twice; and am now wri ting in a bad light with glasses of 48 inches focus, "which is tho lowest magnifying power used by Messrs. Pike. I can now read common print with ease with the lowest magnifying glasses. I have used them agreeably to your directions about four weeks. I gee not why I may not oxpect, in a short time, to have my sight quite restored by continu ing the use of the cups. I cannot hut regard this discovery as of groat value. Yours, truly, (Signed) C. G. Finney. P- S. lamin my sixtieth year, and have worn glasses about ten years. . Teb’y. 7, 1853.—Prof. Finney writes—l have, for the last six or eight months, used them (the Cups) but seldom. Tho improved state of my *>gbt rendering me forgetful and neglectful of their steady use. I have received much benefit and no Perceptible injury whatever from their use. With my blinds open I read comfortably, and write easily without glatses. Other letter* can ho seen in pamphlet, published 0 J Messrs. Ball A Co., in our possession. Oct 16 OSBORNE A WHITLOCK. Sole Agents tor Richmond county. 11ST RECEIVED, a fresh assortment of Boy's ” Cloth CABS, various colors and styles; Boy's Plush CAPS, various colors and styles; do. fine Moleskin HATS, new styles; Misses’ Black Drab and White Bloomer HATS; Geut's Cloth and Plush CAPS, new styles; do. Julien and Opera HATS GEO. W. FERRY, \ TV*B.E BOOKS. —Lives of the Queens of Eng- YVJL latid, by J. P. Smith, Esq, author of Stan* field Hall, Amy Lawrence, Ac. Life of Benj. R II ay don, Historical Paint* r, from his Autobiography and Journals, edited and compiled by Tom Taylor. History of England in verse, from the invasion of Julius Caesar to the present time, by Hannah Townsend. The Young Lady's Home, by Mrs. Louisa C.Tut- I hill. Just received and for sale by nov 29 JdcKINNK A HALL CHARLES AUCHESTER. a Memorial, by E. Berger. Countess of Arnhein, or Master Timothy’s Book Case, by G. W. M. Reynolds. The Iron Rule, or Tyranny in the Household, by T. S. Arthur. Jack Adams, the Mutineer, by Capt. Frederick Chamier, R. N. The Monks Revenge, or the Secret Enemy, by .lamuol Spring, Esq. Just reeeeived and for sale fcy HOT 29 MoKINNE A HALL. dll)f iDailii (TimslttutioHalib; anti Hemtblic NEW AND UNRIVALLED RAIL RAOD ROUTE TO THE NORTH. VIA THE WILMINGTON A MAN. RAIL ROAD: Through in the same time with the great North ern. Mail , and Avoiding Sea Sickness. TRAVELLERS are respectfully informed that one hundred anti thirty miles of the Wilming ton and Manchester Railroad are completed and in successful operation, and connections have been formed by first class Four Horse Post Coaches, over the unfinished part of the Road. The following is the schedule. Leave Augusta at A. M. “ Wilmington, at 8 A. M. Arrive at Weldon at 3 P. M. “ at Baltimore at 6 A. M. “ “ Philadelphia at 1 P. M. “ “ New York at 6-30 P. M. Time from Augusta to Wilmington 26 hours. “ “ Wilmington to New York,. .34-30 “ At TV ilmington tho connection is made with the 8 „'elock A.SI. Express Train. At Weldon, passengers can have choice of Routes, dither by Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad and Bay Line of Steamers, or by Railroad through Peters burg, Richmond and Washington City, to Balti more. Through Tickets by either of these Linos can be purchased in Wilmington. Through Tickots from Montgomery to Charles ton will bo received on tho South Carolina Railroad, between Augusta and tho Wilmington and Man chester Railroad. Passengers desirous of going North by this Route, will have their Baggage checked at Augus ta, to tho Wilmington and Manchester Railroad. Any other informaeion can be obtained of Dr. J. L. Keen, Agent at Augusta. L. J. FLEMING, Sup. Wil. Sc Man. R. R. july 14 d&ctf THROUGH FARE FROM CHARLESTON TO BALTIMORE sls, TO PHILADELPHIA $ L 7.50, AND TO NEW YORK S2O. SSiSIIiaBSE THE GREAT MAIL ROUTE from CHARLES TON, SO. CA, LEAVING the wharf at the foot of Laurens street daily, after the arrival of the Southern cars, via Wilmington, N. C., from which point two daily trains are despatched, at 8 A. M. and 2 F. M.; the 8 o'clock only connecting at Weldon, N. C., with the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad to Nor folk.* thence by steamers to Baltimore, and both trains connecting at Weldon with tho lines to Pe tersburg, Richmond, Washington, Baltimore. Phila delphia, and New York. The public is respectful ly informed that the steamers of these lines are in firstrate condition, and are navigated by well known and experienced commanders; the Rail Roads are in fine order, (the Wilmington and Weldon, as well as the Seaboard and Roanoke, having recent ly been relaid with heavy T rail,) thereby securing both safety and despatch. By these routes, passen gers availing themselves of the first train, may reach Baltimore in 41) hours, Philadelphia in 45 hours, and New York in hours; and hy the second train, they arrive in Baltimore in 50 hours, Phila delphia in 56 hours, and New York in 61£ hours. Through tickets can alone be had from E. WINSLOW, Agent of the Wilmington and Raleigh Rail Road Company, at the office of the Company, foot of Laurens-street, Charleston, S. C., to whom please apply. sep 25 U. S. MAIL LINE. Through in 48 to 50 Hours. SEMI-WEEKLY STEAYI SHIP LINE. Leave adgek’s wharves every SATURDAY and NE3DAY, after the arrival of cars from thhe South and West. ON SATURDAYS, The new and splendid Ocean Steamers. JAMES ADGER, ) John Dickinson,, 1500 tons, j Commander. MARION, l Wx. Foster, 1200 tons, j Commander. ON WEDNESDAYS, UNION, ) Richard Adams, 1500 tons. I Commander. SOUTHERNER, j Thomas Ewan, 100 b tons. ( Commander. These Steamers are unrivalled on the coast, for Safety. Speec and Comfort. Experienced and courteous Commanders; Tables supplied with every luxury, will ensure travellers, by this line every possible comfort and accommo dation. Cabin Passage $25 Steerage 8 For Freight or Passage, having elegant State Room accommodations, apply at the offico of the Agent. HENRY MISSROON, Cor. East Bay and Adger s South wharves, aug 30 Charleston. S. C. GEORGIA RAILROAD. ASS E IT*XRA fxS LEAVE AUGUSTA daily at 4.30, P. M., and (Sundays excepted) 6, A. M. Arrive at Augusta daily at 4.30, A. M., and (Sundays excepted) 4.25, P. M. Leave Atlanta daily at 5.3(), P. M., and (Sundays excepted) 5.30, A. M. Arrive at Atlanta daily at 4.00, A. M., and (Sundays excepted) 5.20, P. M. Connecting with Athens Branch Trains, Union Pointdaily (Sundaysexcepted) at 12.15 P. M. Arriving at Union Point daily (Sundaysexcept ed) at 11, A.M. With South Carolina Railroad Trains, Hamburg daily at 5.45, A. M., and 6, P. Arrivingat Hamburgdaily at 2.30 P. M., and 5, A. M. With Atlanta and LaGrange Railroad Trains, Leaving Atlanta daily at 4.30 A.M. Arriving at Atlanta daily at 4.15, P. M. With Western and Atlantic Railroad Trains, Leaving Atlanta daily at 6, A. M. Arrivingat Atlanta daily at 5, P. M. And with Macon and Western Railroad Trains, Leaving Atlanta daily at 6.45, P. M. Arriving at Atlanta daily at 1.30, A. M. And leaving Atlanta on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at 7.30, A. M. And arriving at Atlanta on Mondays, Wednes days, and Fridays at 3.00, P. M. julv 20 F. C. ARMS, Sup’t. §tfflntsl)ip nnb lluilronb fairs. FOR PHILADELPHIA. PHILADELPHIA and SAVANNAH STEAM NAVIGA TION COMPANY. The new and splendid SIDE WHEEL STEAMSHIPS, KEYSTONE STATE, Capt. Ilardie, and STATE OF GEORGIA, Capt Garvin, Jr. will leave Savannah for Philadelphia every Wednesday. These steamships are the most comfortable on the coast, and are unsurpassed for safety and speed. They will leave Savannah as follows : Keystone State Wednesday, 28th September. State of Georgia.,. ..Wednesday, sth October. Keystone State Wednesday, 12th October. State of Georgia Wednesday, 19th October! Keystone State Wednesday, 26th October State of Georgia Wednesday, 2d November. Keystone State 4V ednesday, 9th November State of Georgia Wednesday, 16th November Keystone State Wednesday, 23d November State of Georgia.., ..Wednesday, 30th November Keystone State Wednesday, 7th December. S tale ot Georgia,.,,VW ednesday, 14th December. n , . _ And so on. Cabin Passage S2O Steerage .!.!$ 8 C. A. L. LAMAR, Agent in Savannah. HEPiON Sc MARTIN, Agents in Philadelphia, sept 23 JEST RECEIVED —A large and assortod stock of Planishod Ware, comprising Dish Covers, Buckwheat and other Dish Covers, English Chafing Dishes, Imperial Covers, Dishes, Water Pans, Hash Heaters, Kettles, Soup Tureens, Ac., Ac. For sale at wholesale and retail by oet 22 B. F CHEW. CITRA'”E OF MAG X ESI A. —A supply just received by WM. 11. TUTT, SEE HERE ! SEE HERE !! THE undersigned would respectfully inform his friends and the public generally, that ho has just opened his beautiful Rotunda, whero he will spare no pains or expense in serving up the choicest Ice Creams, Soda Water, Lemonades, Cakes, Con fectioneries, Ac., Ac. No. 155, north side Broad street, just below the Eagle and Phoenix Hotel. JOHN W. ZINN. P. S. Families, Balls, Parties, and Pic Nics, sup plied on reasonble terms. J* W. Z. HHDs. prime N. 0. Sugar, now landing. SCRANTON, SEYMOUR A CO., nov 6 No. 2 Warron Block. AUGUSTA, GA., SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBKR 10, 1853. | (finernl jGprrtwmmtg. NEW FALL GOODS. L . D. LALLERSTEDT, HAS just received at his old stand, corner of Globo Hotel, a splendid assortment of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, suitable for the season; * mng which are Rich brocade and plaid coloured SILKS. Super plaid and watered black SILKS. Extra MUSLIN DeLAINES, Parisian styles. French and English MERINOS. Lupin s BOMBAZINE and ALPACCA. Earlston GINGHAMS and PRINTS. Needle woiked COLLARS and CIIEMIRETTS. Jaconet and Swiss TRIM MING. Hosiery and GLOVES, great variety. Irish Linens and Table DAMASK. Farnalure DIMITY and FRINGES. Bleached SHIRTING and SHEETING. Osnaburg STRIPES and Georgia PLAINS KERSEYS and BLANKETS, great variety. To which he invites attention. sep 21 FALL AND WINTER STOCK. HATS, CAPS, HONNETTS, UMBRELLAS. COUNTRY Merchants, Planters, and the public generally, are invited to examine my Fall and Winter stock, of Hats, Capts, Bonnetts, Umbellas, Ac., consisting of Fashionable Moleskin, Beaver Brush and Cas simere HATS. Soft Beaver, Brush and Cassimero fancy Hats. Soft Saxony, and Waterproof Wool Hats, Negro Hats and Caps, a large assortment. Bonnets, Silk, Straw, Florence, Belgrade, Ac. Flowers, Tabs and Bonnett linings. Umbrellas, Silk, Ginghams and Com. Cotton. I have a full assortment, to which lam receiving supplies weekly from manufacturers, and am offer” ing at prices as low as same qualities of goods can bo bought in markets North or South. Call and see at . GEORGE IV. FERRY’S, Fashionable Hat, Cap and Bonnet Store, Masonic liall, Broad streot Augusta, Goo. sept 23 TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN SAVAN NAH AND AUGUSTA. BY FASHION IN offering tho services of the steamer FASHION, (the first boat of thi3 line) to the merchants of Georgia and Carolina, Alabama and Tonnessce, we would ask for her that patronage which her construction and light draught of water merits. The Fashion is a home enterprise and owned ex clusively by Capt. T. N. Philpot (her commander) and mysell, whoso entire attention will be given to the interest of her patrons. This boat was built in this city, and great care has boon taken in her construction to make hor worthy of the trade for which she is intended. Her capacity is about 2000 bales Cotton, her draught es water only 13 inches, which will enable hor at all seasons of the year, to deliver her freight promptly. Her entire cargo will bo taken betwoon decks, ! which will not only prevent damage to goods in case of snagging, but will add much to tho condi tion of packages discharged from her. Mr. M. A. ' Cohen is the agent of this line in Savannah, whero suitable wharves and warehouso have been provi- 1 ded in a central situation for tho reception of Cot ton, Merchandize, Ac. Tim Fashion will run in connection with the Now Y ork and Philadelphia steamship, pelivering goods at this point in five days from either of those 1 cities. JOHN A. MOORE. i FRENCH BURR MILL STONE MANUFAC ! TORY. Comer Jiroad and Camming streets. AUGUSTA, GA. THE SUBSURIIJEK. takos this occasion to in- , form his numerous friends and the public gen- ■ eraliy, that he has commenced the above business ! under tho most favorable auspices, having engaged the servicos ot an exporinced and highly qualified 1 workman, and flatters himself that his work will 1 compare with any other manufacturer in tho United 1 States. 1 He also begs to apprise the discriminating public that all orders with which he may be favored, shall have his personal attenti. n, prompt execu tion and dispatch. A share of public patronage is respectfully solicited. PATRICK McCUE, Proprietor. wpll ditcly UNITED STATES HOTEL! AUGUSTA, GA. THE above HOTEL is new open forth© LA reception of Permanent anu Tran- BlfiM sient BOARDERS. This long established and well-l nown House has undergone a thorough alteration throughout, and furnished with NEW and FASHIONABLE FUR NITURE! The table will always be supplied with the best the market affords; and the Proprietor crusts, by a systematic course, both with servants and the regulations of the house geneeaiUy. he will be ena bled to give entire aatislection to those that maj’ favor him with theirpatronage. jan*. ‘ JNO. W. SPEAR. FOR PALATKA, EAST FLORIDA. Touching at Darien, Brunswick, St. Mary's, Jacksonville, Middled urg, Black Creek, and Pieolata. THE new and superior steam a* -wfp*™* »*, Packets ST. JOHN, Capt. Jas. Freebern, and WM. GASTON, Captain Thomas Shaw, will leave for the above places as follows: The St. John on Thursday morning, 15th inst., at 10 o clock, and Wm. Gaston on Tuesday morning, 20th inst., at 10 o’clock, and will continuo to leave at the samo hour every Thursday and Tuesday thereafter. The lattor boat carrying the U. S. mail. For freight or passage, having handsome state-room accommodations, apply on board, at Dillon’s lower wharf, or to J. H. GUNBY, Agent. The St. John will go to St. Augustine every 4th trip, commencing (leaving Savannah) on the 29th inst. ly sop 13 BELLVILLE FACTORY AGENCY, Corner of Mclntosh and Reynold Streets. THE GEORGIA STRIPES A>» PLAINS, made at this Factory, so long and favorably known to Mor- fonCTwi chants and Planters, are now on salo at ]W|f§j!F the above place, where all orders will ilaaii be promptly attended to. GEORGE SCHLEY. lyis GROCERIES, GROCERIES FT ty lIIIUS. Now Orleans, Poto Rico and Mus- I eJ covado SUGARS. 100 bbls. Grouad, Crushed and Coffee SUGARS 200 bags Rio, La/guira and Java COFFEE. 50 bales Heavy lunny CLOTH. 30 pieces Dundee BAGGING. 200 coils Prime Kentucky Pope. 500 lbs. best Bailing Twino. 1000 Four Bushel Gunny Bags. 1000 sacks Salt, in fine order. 25 hhds. Prime Bacon Sides. 5o “ Cuba Molasses. 100 bbls. Choice New Orleans Syrup. 30 boxes best Green and Black Tens. 100 Boxes superior Adamantine and Tallow Candles. 50 Boxes Colgate’s No. 1 and variegated Soaps 75 boxes Tobacco, various qualities. 50 M American and Spanish Segars. 100 bales Prime Eastern Hay. 10 kegs Choice Goshen Buttor. 35 boxes New York Steam Candy. Also, Fruits, Nuta, Spices, Pickles, Preserves and all other articles usually sold in Grocery Houses. For sale by J. R. & W. M. DOW, sep 18 No. 6, Warren Block RAILROAD AND STAGE LINE NOTICE Til E 'proprietors ot the Al G USX A AND WAYNESBORO’ LINE OF STAGES having made arrangements with Messrs. FINN A OS MOND to run a Train of Cars fourteen miles,there by making the route more desirable, and the thus shortened from Green’s Cut from six to three hour and a half. The following will bo the schodule time until further notice : Leave Augusta 6 A. M. Arrive at Green’s Cut quarter after 10 A. M. Return’g, leaves Green’s Cut 4 P. M. Arrive at Augusta half-past 7 P. M. Office at tho U. S. Hotel. Tickets can bo pro cured of J. N. REEVES, Agent, oct 9 dActf WORTH7 OF NOTICE. THE Southern Iron Witch Cook STOVE is u surpassed as a Cook Stove for Southern uu-t For culinary conveniences it is complete, but nev ertheless so simple in its arrangement that the wos inexperienced cook can, with it, produce the bes. boiled, broiled, bated, roasted and fried victuals \\ arranted to give entire satisfaction. For salo by JAS. SULLIVAN, No. 145 Broughton street, Savannah. B. F. CHEW. oet 22 Augusta, G* PKESID EN T’S M ESS AGE. Fellow-Citizens of the Senate , and of the House of Representatives: The interest, with which the people of the Republic anticipate the assembling of Congress, and the fulfillment, on that occasion, of the duty imposed upon a new President, is one of the best evidences of their cepacify to realize the hopes of the founders of a political system, at once complex and symmetrical. While the different branches of the government are, to a certain extent, independent of each other, the duties of all, alike, have direct reference to the source of power. Fortunately, under this sys tem, no man is so high, and none so humble, in the scale of public station, as to escape from the scrutiny, or to be exempt from the responsibili ty, which all official functions imply. Upon the justice and intelligence of the mass es, in a government thus organized, is the sole reliance of the confederacy, and the only securi ty for honest and earnest devotion to its inter ests against the usurpations and encroachments of power on the one hand, and the assaults of personal ambition on the other. The interest, of which I have spoken, is in separable from an inquiring, self-governing com munity, but stimulated, doubtless, at the present time, hy the unsettled conditions of onr relations with several foreign powers; by the new obli gations resulting from a sudden extension of the held of enterprise ; by the spirit with which that field has been entered, and the amazing energy with which its resources for meeting the de mands of humanity have been developed. Although disease, assuming at one time the characteristics of a wide-spread and devastating pestilence, has left its sad traces upon some por tions of our country, we have still the most abundant cause for reverent thankfulness to God for an accumulation of signal mercies show ered upon us as a nation. It is well that a con sciousness oi rapid advancement and increasing strength be habitually associated ith an abiding sense of dependence upon Him w io holds in his hands the destiny of men and o( n lions. Recognising the wisdom ot the broad princi ple of absolute religious toleration proclaimed in our fundamental law, and rejoicing in the be nign influence which it has exerted upon our social and political condition, I should shrink from a clear duty, did I fail to express my deep est conviction, that we can place no secure reli ance upon any apparent progress, if it be not sus tained by national integrity, resting upon the great truths affirmed and illustrated by divine revelation. In the midst of our sorrow for the afflicted and suffering, it has been consoling to see how promptly disaster made true neighbors of districts and cities separated widely from each other, and cheering to watch the strength of that common bond of brotherhood, which unites all hearts, in all parts of this Union, when danger threatens from abroad,or calamity im pends over us at home. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. Our diplomatic relations with the foreign powers have undergone no essential change since the adjournment of the last Congress. With some of them, questions of a disturbing charac ter are still pending, but there are good reasons to believe that these may be amicably adjust ed. GREAT BRITAIN. For some years past, Great Britain las so con- : strued the first article ol the convention of the 30th of April, 1818, in regard to the fisheries on 1 the northeastern coast, as to exclude our citizens fiotn some of the fishing grounds, to which they freely resorted for nearly a quarter of a century subsequent to the date of that treaty. The United States have never acquiesced in this con- ! struction, but have always claimed for their fishermen all the rights which they ha Iso long ‘ enjoyed without molestation. With a view to * remove sll difficulties on the subject, to extend 1 the rights of our fishermen beyond the limits J fixed by the convention of 1848, and to regulate trade between the United States and the British ' North American provinces, a negotiation has been opened, with a fair prospect ol a favorable result. To protect our fishermen in the enjoyment of ' their rights, and prevent collision between them and British fishermen, I deemed it expedient to ' station a naval force in that quarter during the fishing season. Embarrassing questions Lave also arisen be tween the two governments in regard to Central America. Great Britain has proposed to settle them by an amicable arrangement, and our min ister at Londonis instructed to enter into nego tiations on that subject. A commission tor adjusting the claims of our citizens against Great Britain, and those of British subjects against the United States, or ganized under the convention of the Bth of /eb ruary last, is now sitting in London for the trans action of business. It is in many respects desirable that the boun dary line between the United States and the British provinces in the northwest, as designated in the convention of the 15th of June, 1846, and especially that part which separates the Terri tory of Washington from the British possessions on the north, should be traced and marked. 1 therefore present the subject to your notice. FIIANCE. With France, our relations continue on the most friendly footing. The extensive commerce between the United States and that country might, it is conceived, be released from some unnecessary restrictions, to the mutual advan tage of both parties. With a view to this ob ject, some progress has been made in negotiating a treaty of commerce and navigation. SPAIN. Independently of our valuable trade with Spain, we have important political relations with her, growing out ol our neighborhood to the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. lam hap py to announce, that since the last Congress no attempts have been made, by unauthorized ex peditions within the United States, against eith er of those colonies. Should any movement be manifested within our limits, all the means at my command wilt be vigorously exerted to re press it. Several annoying occurrences have taken place at Havana, or in the vicinity of the island of Cuba, between our citizens and the Spanish authorities. Considering the proximity of that island to our shores, —lying, as it does, in the track ol trade between some ot our princi pal cities, —and the suspicious vigilance with which foreign intercourse, particularly that with the United States, is there guarded, a repetition of such occurrences may well be apprehended. As no diplomatic intercourse is allowed between our Consul at Havana, and the Captain-Gener al of Cuba, ready explanations cannot be made, or prompt redress afforded, where injury has re sulted. All complaint on the part of our ci'i zens, under the present arrangement, must be, in the first place, presentnd to this government 1 and then reterred to Spain. Spain again refers it to her local authorities in Cuba for investigation, and postpones an answer till she has heard from those authorities. To avoid these irritating and vexatious delays, a proposition has been made to provide for a direct appeal for redress to the Captain-General by our consul, in behalf ol our injured fellow-citizens. Hitherto, the govern ment of Spain has declined to enter into any such arrangement. This course on her part is deeply regretted ; for, without some arrangement of this kind, the good understanding between the two countries may be exposed to occasional interruption. Our minister at Madrid is instruc ted to renew the proposition, and to press it again upon the consideration of her Catholic Majesty’s government. For several years Spain has been calling the attention of this government to a claim for los ses, by some of her subjects, in the case of the schooner Amistad. This claim is believed to rest on the obligations imposed by our existin' 7 treaty with that country. Its justice was ad mitted, in our diplomatic correspondence with the Spanish government, as early as March 1847; and one of my predecessors, in his annual message of that year, recommended thaf provi sion should be made for its payment. In Jan uary last, it was again submitted to Congress by the Executive. It has received a favorable con sideration by committees of both branches, but as yet there has been no final action upon it. I conceive that good faith requires its prompt ad . justment, and I present it to your early and favo rable consideration. AUSTRIA. Martin Kosta, a Hungarian by birth, came to . this country in 1850, and declared his intention, in due form of law, to become a citizen of the ’ United States. After remaining here nearly , two years, he visited Turkey. While at Smyr , na, he was forcibly seized, taken on board an Austrian brig of war, then lying in the harbor « °f that place, and there confined in irons, with the avowed des»gn to take him into the domin ions el Austria. Our counsel at Smyrna and le gation at Constantinople interposed for his re lease, but their efforts were ineffectual. While thus imprisoned, Commander Ingraham, with the United States ship of war St. Louis, arrived at Smyrna, and, after inquiring into the circum stances of the case, came to the conclusion that Koszta was entitled to the protecton of this gov ernment, and took energetic and prompt mea sures lor his release. Under an arrangement be tween the agents of the United States and of Austria, he was transferred to the custody of the French consul-general, at Smyrna, there to re main until he should be disposed of by the mu tual agreement of the consuls of the respective governments at that place. Pursuant to that agreement he has been released and is now on his way to the United States. The Emperor of Austria has made the conduct of our officers who took part in this transaction a subject of grave compinaint. Regarding Koszta as still his sub ject, ana claiming a right to seize him within the limits of the Turkish Empire, he has deman ded of this government its consent to the surren der of the prisoner, a disavowal of the acts of its agents, and satisfaction for the alleged outrage. After a careful consideration ol the case, I came to the conclusion that Koszta was seized without legal authority at Smyrna; that he was wrong fully detained on board of the Austrian brig of war; that, at the time of his seizure, he was clothed with the nationality of the United States; and that the acts of our officers, under the circumstances of the case, were justifiable, and their conduct has been fully approved by me, and a compliance with the several demands of the Emperor of Austria, has been declined. For a more full account of this transaction and my views in regard to it, I refer to the corres pondence between the charge d’affaires of Aus tria and the Secretary of State, which is here with transmitted. The principles and policy, therein maintained on the part of the United States, will, whenever a proper occasion occurs, be applied and enforced. CHINA. The condition of China, at this time, renders it probable that some important change will oc cur in that vast empire, which will lead to a more unrestricted intercourse with it. The commissioner to that country, who has been re cently appointed, is instructed to avail himself of all occasions to open and extend our commer cial relations, not only with the Empire of Chi na. but with other Asiatic nations. JAPAN. In 1552, an expedition was sent to Japan, un der the command of Commodore Perry, for the purpose of opening commercial intercourse with that island. Intelligence has been received of his arrival there, and of his having made known to the Emperor of Japan the object of his visit; but it is not yet ascertained how far the Empe ror will be disposed to abandon his restrictive policy, and open that populous country to a commeicial intercourse with the United States. MEXICO. < It has been my earnest desire to maintain friendly intercourse with the governments upon this continent, and to aid them in preserving good understanding among themselves. With Mexico, a dispute has arisen as to the true boun- 1 dary line between our territory of New Mexico I and the Mexican State of Chihuahua. A for mer commissioner of the United States, employ- 1 ed in running that line pursuant to the treaty of i Guadalupe Hidalgo, made a serious mistake in ' determining the initial point on the Rio Grande ■ < but, inasmuch as his decision was clearly a de- ' parture from the directions for tracing the boun- * dary contained in that treaty, and was not con- ! curred in by the surveyor appointed on the part ! of the United States, whose concurrence was necessary to give validity to that decision, this government is not concluded thereby; but that of Mexico takes a different view of the subject j There are also other questions of considerable magnitude pending between the two republics. 1 Our minister in Mexico has ample instructions to adjust them. Negotiations have been opened s but sufficient progress has not been made there- - in to enable me to speak of the probable result. * Impressed with the importance of maintaining amicable relations with that republic, and of ! yielding with liberality to all her just claims, it 1 is reasonable to expect that an arrangement mu- ; tuaily satisfactory to both countries, may be concluded, and a lasting friendship between them ‘ confirmed and perpetuated. CENTRAL* AMERICA. Congress having provided for a full mission to 1 the States of Central America, a minister was £ sent thither in July last. As yet he has had ! time to visit only one of these States, (Nicar- * agua,) where he was received in the most friend- £ ly manner. It is hoped that his presence and 1 good offices will have a benign effect in compo- 1 sing the dissensions which prevail among them, * and in establishing still more intimate and 1 friendly relations between them respectively. * and between each of them and the United States. * BRAZIL. a Considering the vast regions of this continent c and the number of the states which would be made accessible by the free navigation of the riv- r er Amizon, peculiar attention has been given to a this subject. Brazil, through whose territories it t passes into the ocean, has hitherto persisted in c a policy so restrictive, in regard to the use of s this river, as to obstructed and nearly exclude, c foreign and commercial intercourse with the s states which lie upon its tributaries and upper t branches. Our minister to that country is « instructed to obtain a relaxation of that pol icy, and to open to common use, under pro- c per sateguards, this great natural highway for i international trade. Several of the South i American states are deeply interested in this at- i tempt to secure the lree navigation of the Ami- i zon, and it is reasonable to expect their co-opera- i tion in the measure. As the advantages of free s commercial intercourse among nations are bet- 1 ter understood, more liberal views are gener- 1 ally entertained as to the common rights of all 1 to the free use of those means which nature«has 1 provided for international communication. To * these more liberal and enlightened views, it is < hoped that Brazil will conform her po.icy, and i remove all unnecessary restrictions upon the 1 free use of a river, which traverses so many 1 states and so large a part of the continent. lam I happy to inform you that the republic of Para- 1 guay and the Argentine Confederation have i yielded to the liberal policy still resisted by Bra- 1 zil, in regard to the navigable rivers within their respective territories. Treaties embracing this 1 subject, among others, have been negotiated with ] these governments, which will be submitted to 1 the Senate at the present session. 1 PERU. ] A new branch of commerce, important to the i agricultural interests of the United States, has, ; within a few years past, been opened with Pe ru. Notwithstanding the inexhaustible deposits of guano upon the islands of that country, con siderable difficulties are experienced in obtaining the requisite supply. Measures have been taken to remove these difficulties, and to secure a more abundant importation of the article. Unfortu nately, there has been a serious collision be tween our citizens, who have resorted to the Chincba islands for it, and the Peruvian authori ties stationed there. Redress for the outrages committed by the latter, was promptly demand ed by our minister at Lima. This subject is now under consideration, and there is reason to be lieve that Peru is disposed to offer adequate in demnity to the aggrieved parties. We are thus not only at peace with ajl foreign countries, but, in regard to political affairs, are exempted from any cause of serious disquietude in our domestic relations. THE COMPROMISE. The controversies, which have agitated the country heretofore, are passing away with the causes which produced them and the passions VOL. 33—NEW SERIES-VOL. 8.- NO. 137. '* which they had awakened ; or, if any trace of them remains, it may be reasonably hoped that it will only be perceived in the zealous rivalry 0 of all good citizens to testify their respect for » the rights of the States, their devotion to the - Union, and their common determination that ' each one of the States, its institutions, its wel " tare, and its domestic jieace shall be held alike 1 secure under the sacred aegis of the constitution. 1 This new league of amity and of mutual con -1 fidence and support, into which the people of the republic entered, happily affords in ducement and opportunity for the adoption of a ’ more comprehensive and unembar assed line of 1 policy and action, as to the great material inter -1 ests of the country, wheti er regarded in them- ' selves or in connexion with the powers of the 1 civilized world. ■, Ihe United States have continued gradually and steadily to expand, through acquisitions of territory, which, how much soever some ot them may have been questioned, ;re now uni versally seen and admitted to have been wise in policy, just in character, and a great element in the advancement of our country, and with it ot the human race, in freedom, in prosperity, and in happiness. The thirteen St. tes hav - grown to be thirty-one. with relations reaching to Europe on the one side, and on the other to the distant realms of Asia. I am deeply sensible of the immense responsi bility which the present magnitude of the repub lic, and the diversity and multiplicity of its in terests, devolves upon me: the alleviation of which, so far s relates to the immediate con duct of the public business is, first, in my reli ance on the vvidsorn and patriotism of the two Houses of Congress; and, secondly, in the di rections afforded me by the principles of pub lic polity, affirmed by cur fathers of the epoch of 1798, sanctioned by long experience, and con secrated anew by the overwhelming voice of the people ot the United States. Recurring to these principles, which consti tute the organic basis of union, we perceive that, vast a; are the functions and the duties ot the federal government, vested in, or entrusted to, its three great departments, the legislative, executive, and judicial, yet the substantive power, the popular force, and the large capacities for social and material development, exist in the respective States, which all being of themselves well constituted republics, as they pr ceded, so they alone aie capable of maintaining and per petuating, the American Union. The federal government has its appropiate line of action in the specific and limited powers conferred on it by the constitution, chiefly as to those things in which the States have a com mon interest in their relations to one another, and to foreign governments ; while the great mass of interests which belong to cultivated men, the ordinary business ot life, the springs of industry, all the diversified personal and do mestic affairs of society, rest securely upon the general reserved powers of the people of the several States. There is the effective democra cy of the nation, and there the vital essence of its being and its greatness. One of the practical consequences which now flow from the nature of the federal government, the primary one is the duty of administering with integrity and fidelity the high trust re posed in it by the constitution, especially in the application of the public funds, as drawn by tax ation from the people, and appropriated to spe cific objects by Congress. Happily I have no occasion to suggest any radical changes in the financial policy of the government. Ours is al most, if not absolutely, the solitary power of Christendom, having a surplus revenue drawn immediately from imposts on commerce, and therefore measured by the spontaneous enter prise and national prosperity of the country, with such indirect relation to agriculture, manu factures, and the products of the earth and sea. as to violate no constitutional doctrine, and yet vigorously promote the general welfare. Neith er as to the sources of the public treasure, nor as to the manner of keeping and managing it, does any grave controversy now prevail, there being a general acquiesence in the wisdom of the present system. THE TREASURY. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury will exhibit in detail the state of the public finances, and the condition of the various branches of the public service administered by that department of the government. The revenue of the country, levied almost in sensibly to the tax-payer, goes on from year to year increasing beyond either the interests or the prospective wants of the government. At the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1832, there remained in the treasury a balance of fourteen million six hundred and thirty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-six dollars. The public revenue for the fiscal year ending 1 June 3®, 1853, amounted to fifty-eight million nine hundred and thirty-one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five dollars from customs, and ' to two million four hundred and five thousand seven hundred and eight dollars from public lands and other miscellaneous sources, amount ing together to sixty .one million three hundred and seventy-four dollars; while the public ex penditures for the same period, exclusive of pay ments on account of the public debt, amounted to forty-three million five hundred and fifty-four thousand two hundred and sixty-two dollars; leaving a balance of thirty-two million four hundred and twenty-five thousand four hundred and forty seven dollars of receipts above expen ditures. This fact, of increasing surplus in the Treasu ry, became the subject ot anxious consideration at a very early period of my administration, and the path of duty in regard to it seemed to me obvious and clear, namely: first, to apply the surplus revenue to the discharge of the public debt, so far as it could judiciously be done ; and secondly, to devise means for the gradual reduc tion of the revenue to the standard of the public exigencies. Os these objects, the first has been in the course of accomplishment, in a manner and to a degree highly satisfactory. The amount of the public debt, ot all classes, was, on the 4th of March, 1853, sixty-nine million one hundred and ninety thousand and thirty-seven dollars; pay ments on account of which have bee a made, since that period, to the amount of twelve mil lion seven hundred and three thousand three hundred and twenty-nine dollars, leaving un paid, and in the continuous course of liquidation, the sum of fifty-six million four hundred and eighty-six thousand seven hundred and eight dollars. These payments, although made at the market price of the respective classes ot stocks, have been effected readily, and to the general ad vantage of the treasury, and have at the same time proved Os signal utility in the relief they have incidentally afforded to the money market, and to the industrial and commercial pursuits of the country. The second of the above mentioned objects, that of the reduction of the tariff, is of great im portance, and the plan suggested by the Secre tary of the Treasury, which is to reduce the du ties on certain articles, and to add to the free list many articles now taxed, and especially such as enter into manufactures, and are not largely, or at all produced in the country, is commended to your candid and careful consideration. You will find in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, also, abundant proof of the entire adequacy of the present fiscal system to meet all the requirements of the public service, and that, while properly administered, it operates to the advantage of the community in ordinary busi ness relations. 1 respectfully ask your attention to sundry suggestions of improvements in the settlement of accounts, especially as regards the large sums of outstanding arrears due to the government, and v of other reforms in the administrative action of his department, which are indicated by the Se cretary; as also to the progress made in the con struction of marine hospitals, custom-houses, and of a new mint in California and assay office iu the city of New ifork, heretofore provided for by Congress; and also to the eminently success ful progress of the Coast Survey, and of the Light-house Board. WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS Among the objects meiiting your attention will be important recommendations from the Secretares of War and Navy. lam fully safis fieu that the Navy of the United States is not in a condition of strength and efficiency commen surate with the magnitude of our commercial and ot..er interests; and commend to your espe cial attention the suggestions on this subject, made by the Secretary of the Navy. I respect u y submit that the Army, which, under our si stem, must always be regarded with the high est interest, as a nucleus around which the vol unteer forces ot the nation gfSther in the hour M danger, requires augmentation, or modification, to adapt it to the present extended limits and frontier relations of the country, and the condi tion of the Indian tribes in the interior of the continent; the necessity of which will appear in the communications ot the Secretaries of War and the Interior. GENERAL POST OFFICE. In the administration of the Post Office Pe t partment for the fiscal year ending June 30,1553, the gross expenditure was seven million nine i hundred and eighty-two thousand seven hundred and fifty-six dollars; and the gioss receipts, du ring the same period, five million nine hundred and forty-two thousand seven hundred and thir ty-tour dollars; showing that the current reven ue tailed to meet the current expenses of the department by the sum of two million forty-two thousand and thirty-two dollars. The causes which, under the present postal system and laws, led inevitably to the result, are fully explained by the report of the Postmaster General ; one great cause being the enormous rates the depart ment has been compelled to pay for mail service rendered by railroad companies." I'he exhibit in the report ot the Postmaster General ot the income and expenditures by maii steamers, will be found peculiarly interesting, and of a character to demand the immediate ac tion of Congress. PENSION BEREAU. Numerous and flagrant frauds upon the Pension Bureau have been brought to light within the last year, and, in some instances, merited punish ments inflicted; but, unfortunately, in others, guilty parties have escaped, not through the want of sufficient evidence to warrant a con viction, but in consequence of the provisions of limitation in the existing laws. From the nature of these claims, the remote ness of the tribunals to pass upon them, and the mode in which the proof is,of necessity, furnish ed, temptations to crime have been greatly stim ulated by the obvious difficulties of detection. The detects in the law upon this subject are so apparent, and so fatal to the ends of justice, that your early action relating to it is most desirable. PUBLIC LANDS. During the last fiscal year, nine million eight hundred and nineteen thousand four hundred and eleven acres of the public lands have been survey ed, and ten million three hundred and sixty-three thousand eight hundred and ninety-one acres brought into market. Within the same period, the sales by public purchase and private entry amounted to one million eighty-three thousand four hundred and ninety-five acres; located un der military bounty land warrants, six million one hundred and forty-two thousand three hun dred and sixty acres; located under other certifi cates, nine thousand lour hundred and twenty seven acres; ceded to the States as swamp lands, sixteen million six hundred and eighty-four thousand two hundred and fifty-three acres; se lected for railroad and other objects, under acts of Congress, ono million lour hundred and twen ty-seven thousand lour hundred and fifty- seven acres. Total amount of lands disposed of with in the fiscal year, twenty-five million three hun dred and forty six thousand nine hundred and ninety two acres; which is ar, increase in quan tity sold, and located under land warrants and grants, of twelve million two hundred and thir ty one thousand eight hundred and eighteen acres over the fiscal year immediately preceed ing. The quantity of land sold during the second and third quarters of 1852, was three hundred and thirty-four thousand four hundred and fifty one acres. The amount received therefor, was six hundred and twenty three thousand six hun dred and eighty seven dollars. The quantity sold the second and third quarters of the year 1853, was one million six hundred and nine thouiand nine hundred aud ninteen acres ; and the amount received therefor, two million two hundred and twenty six thousand eight hundred and seventy six dollars. The whole number of land warrants issused under existing laws, prior to the 30th of Sep tember last, was two hundred and sixty-six thou sand and forty two; of which there were out standing, at that date, sixty-six thousand nine hundred and forty seven. The quantity of land required to satisfy these outstanding war rants, is four million seven hundred and seventy eight thousand one hundred and twenty acres. Warrants have been issued to 30th of Septem ber last under the act of 11th February, 1847 calling for twelve million eight hundred and sev enty-nine thousand two hundred and eighty acres; underacts of September 27,1850, and March 22, 1852, calling for twelve million five hundred and five thousand three hundred and sixty acres; making a total of twenty-five million three hundred and eighty-four thousand six hundred and forty acres. It is believed that experience has verified the wisdom and justice of the present system, with regard to the public domain, in most essential particulars. THE INTERIOR. You will perceive, from the report of the Sec retary of the Interior, that opinions, which have often been expressed in relation to the opera tion of the land system, as not being a source of revenue to the federal treasury, were erroneous. The net profits from the sale of the public lands to June 30, 1853, amounted to the sum of fifty three million two hundred and eighty-nine thousand four hundred and sixty-five dollars. 1 recommend the extension of the land sys tem over the Territories of Utah and New Mex ico, with such modifications a® their peculiari ties may require. Regarding our public domain as chiefly valuable to provide homes for the industrious and enter prising, lam not prepared to recommend any essential change in the land system, except bv modifications in favor of the actual settler, and an extension of the pre-emption principle in certain cases, lor reasons, and on grounds, which will be fully developed in the reports to be laid before you. Congress, representing the proprietors of the territorial domain, and charged especially with power to dispose of territory belonging to the United States, has for a long course ot years, be ginning with the administration of Mr. Jefferson, exercised, the power to construct roads within the territories: and there are so many and obvi ous distinctions between the exercise of power and that of making roads within the States, that the former has never been considered subject to such objections as apply to the latter, and such may now be considered the settled construction of the power of the federal government upon the subject. Numerous applications have been, and no doubt will continue to be, made for grants of land, in aid of the construction of railways. It is not believed to be within the intent and meaning of the consti tution, that the power to dispose of the public do main, should be used otherwise ,ban might be ex pected trom a prudent proprietor, and, therefore, that grants ot land to aid in the construction of roads should be restricted to cases where it would bo for the interest of a proprietor, under like cir cumstances, thus to contribute to the construction of these works. For the practical operation of such grants thus far, in advancing the interests of the States in which the works are located, and at the same time the substantial interests of all the other States, by enhancing the value and promoting the rapid salo 1 of the public domain, I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the Interior. A careful exami nation, however, will show that this experience is the result of a just discrimination, and will be far from affording encouragement to a reckless or in* discriminate extension of the principle. SCIENCE AND ART. I commend to your favorable consideration the men of genius of our country, who, by their inven tions and discoveries in science and art. have con tributed largely to the improvements of the age, without, in many instances, scouring for themselves anything like an adequate reward. For many in teresting details upon this subject, I refer you to the