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tostitatinttalist K Rrpntilic.' BYNAMES GARDNER^ OEEICB ON MaTNTOSH-STREET, mimupouft rtox m horth-wsst oobssb or BROAD-STRKF.T . T* B M S : .fi no UPb&Uy. in advance per annum so 00 If not Id advance per annum <OO Tri-Weekly, in advance, per annum 4 00 If not in advance per annum a 00 W 5 Weekly, in advance....per annum 200 Discount fob Clubs. Charleston and Savannah. An article appears in the Charleston Mercury of Saturday morning last, which, under the cap tion of 41 Health of Charleston,” affects sympa thy for Savannah, because, says the Editor, “The mortality is far greater than has ever before marked the disease, either in that city or in Charleston, and indicates a malignant type more like that of the South-west last year, than like the ordinary yellow fever.” If these are the grounds of the writer’s “surprise” and “distress” we are happy in exteuding him information which may relieve such sensations. The mor tality is not greater than has evei before marked the disease either in this city or Charleston, and does not indicate a milignant type, like that of the South-west last year, and is like that of the ordinary form of yellow fever. I If some natives and residents of our city have been attacked by this fever, it should be borne in mind that it isa disease not endemic among us. Twenty-seven years have passed since its last appearance in our midst as an epidemic, and hence it is as much a stranger to the present generation as to the citizens ol Boston. \Ve had all deemed this scourge to belong only to the history of Savannah, and were thankful in feel ing an exemption Irom its visitations. The bil ious remittent fever is the autumnal disease of this city and the surrounding country, and against this acclamatization is an effectual barrier. In Charleston, however, yellow fever is of nearly annual recurrence, and a citizen of that place, like one ot New Orleans, by a residence of a few summers, enjoys immunity from attack. That such is the fact we need only' quote the words oT Dr. Samuel Henry Dickson, Professor ot the Practice of Medicjpe, in the Charleston Medical College, and a practitioner ot medicine in that city for the quarter of a century. Tnat light of the profession (deservedly so regarded) f in discussing the contagiousness ot yellow fever, ol which he is an advocate, says “with regard to our own immediate interest in this question, it is lessened by the universal admission, that the dis ease may originate here ; the facts which go to prove its local production as an endemic ol our city (Charleston) are too numerous and clear to admit of a reasonable doubt.” Again, says the Doctor, “as early as 1749 Dr. Jno. Moultrie at. tributes the epidemic of 1742 distinctly to do mestic sources.” The Doctor then goes on to ||r quote from Dr. Danit’ Ramsay, the historian of South Carolina, who wrote in the year 1800, wherein that author says, “the physicians and inhabitants are agreed in the belief that the dis ease is neither imported nor contagious. This was the unanimous sentiment of the Medical j| Society who last sutrimer advised the govern ment that the rigid enforcement of the quaran tine laws was by no means necessary on account of the yellow fever.” From this it appears that for more than a cen tury the yellow lever has been the piodact of local causes in the city of Charleston. “ The summer of 1824 was one of terrible pestilence in that city.” We quote again from Dr. Dickson It was there, as we learn from the same author ity, in 1827, ’2B, ’35, ’36, ’3B, ’39, ’4o—and in the remembrance ol ns all, it visited that city in 1852. In Savannah, dn the other hand, no physician allows it to be an endemic disease of the city. This is the third time has prevailed here— K once in i&l&Agnffin 1827, and now in 1804. < We do ntend that its present existence is '^'l9~bfc"Bf , £ounted for by other than local causes. But we do Md that there causes, whatever they may be, are rarely in operation among us, and Savannah’s past history fully justifies this opin ion. F We are informed by the physicians that the disease is not of a malignant type, and when taken hold of at the beginning ol the initatorr fever, is quite tractable, yielding readily to reme- IH, dies and good nursing. It is only among the poorer classes, who tail in oMaiinng immediate aid,that a serfoujP|nortaihty occurs. s*£. ftAthe residents the'fiist *tag<- ct of Hhougu short level, which n.-iiiiy SLan entire mi;.- HLtfWbe'n the ,n.-e^s,. is t1 ioi.get .lur.r, c.:d the <r- KEg&Emmfa followed by the charade;hs'ics o! tie- KgMdy—a yellow hue o! the skin, black vomit. HMKpse, and dissolution.— Suranmth Groigiau, 29 th inst. $ Suicide.—John M. Jackson, late of the firm of Jones, Jackson, &c. Cairiage Makers, Car tersville Gee., committed suicide, near that place on Monday morning last, by cutting his throat with a pocket knife. It appears that the deceased had lately become quite intemperate in his babbits, having drank to such excess as to bring upon him occasional fits of delirium tremens. At an early hour on the morning o: h:.s death, he was seen walking along the rail _—'-fcacT tfack, which he followed until he had cross ed the Etowah river, when he turned a little aside from the road and committed the horrid crime. An inquest was held over the body on Monday evening, by Richard Gaines, Coroner, and a verdict rendered in accordance with the above facts. —Cassville Standard, 25//i inst. ,T . Memory. —Whatever has once given us pain or pleasure is remembered long, and recurred to often as wc pass down the journey of life to the ~*l*rey hairs and solitudes ot our last year. Love has been to every one the source cf both. Every ore has treasured away on the sacred pages of memory a thousand little incidents, ever to be revealed in time, to which, as to some fascina ting fiction, it returns, whenever a gloomy, oran idle, unsocial hour calls up the musing spirit— aad turns the mind upon the past. Life, review ed through the mists ol by-gone yeais, seem rath er a curious wrought fiction, or a feverish dream, than a stern reality. We are surrounded by me mentos of the affection of friends, but these friends themselves are gone. We remember the councils of wisdom, the sage instructions of ex perience, by which our minds were formed, and a direction given to the current of our thoughts and habits, but the lips from whence they flow ed have long been mute as the still valley where | they lie mouldering. We have danced and sung with the gay and giddy, and been enraptured at the thrilling voice and kindling eye ot beauty, but we are alone. The visions have passed from ui. In one grave-yard and another there are lit tle hillocks, and white stones bearing remember ed names, and this is all that is left to us. But i : is among the melancholy ruins of the past that ! we gather the richest stores for the future. It is there we learn how very vain-are earthly hopes —how fleeting earthly friends—how frail even the strongest chords of affection. It is there we earn to prepare for another state of being. ®<f LF^A D:ruSTING Railway Signal.—Mr. S. L. Spafiord, the able superintendent ol the Bal timore and Philadelphia Railroad, has invented a valuable self-adjusting signal to be.used at draw l-ridges, switches, railroad crossings and other places of uanger. It can be attached, we are __ to any moveable structure, at a slight ex pense ; it is simple in its construction, and con sequently not liable to get out of order. It can I lie elevated to any height desired, and is so ar ranged as to show the proper signal, both by night and day. The chiet merit in the inven tion, however, consists in the absolute impossi bility to show a wrong signal by it; a desidera tum long felt by railroad men. The machinery by which the signal is operated is connected with the structure to which it is applied, in such a manner as to render it impossible to exhibit the signal of safety for the passage of a train un less the structure, a draw for instauce, be in its proper place and securely locked. The circumstance which led to this invention illustrates it* importance and value. Soon after Mr. Spafford assumed office of Superinten dent of the Railroad, with which he is at pre sent connected, a freight train, running at night, was precipitated through an open draw into a river, causing the death of several jiersons and of a large amount of properly. The draw, it seems, had been left open for the passage of a vessel, and the Bridge tender, being Stigued, fell asleep. The noise of the approach ing train suddenly awakened him from bis slum ber, and being confused, as was natural under the circumstances, he unwittingly exhibited the pignal of safety instead of the signal ol dauger, and the train went rushing on to its destruction.— ( This accident directed Mr. Spafford’s attention to the necessity of having a system of signals, which should be entirely independentof any hu man being, and which at the same time should be in all respects reliable. After much reflec tion on the subject he succeeded in producing the Self-Adjusting Railway signal, which was im mediately introduced into use upon the Philadel phia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, where it has successfully established its reliability and usefulness by sustaining every test to which it has been submitted. —Baltimire American. AUGUSTA, GA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUG. 30,1854. Know-Nothingiam. This secret organization is ephemeral in its very nature, and is destined at an early day to die out. We predict, that the time is near at hand when respectable men will be ashamed of having had anything to do with it, and when being charged with having been a Know-Noth ing, will be considered an insult. All secret po litical societies are anti-Republican—anti-Amer- ican. They are antagonistic to the spirit of our institutions, and cannot long escape public repro bation. This particular secret society is in direct conflict with the Federal Constitution. It is in conflict with the spirit of liberty, animating our fore-fathers, who, in achieving independence, sought to establish a brotherhood of freemen on our soil, where its votaries, from every land would find sympathy and welcome—for well they knew, that such exiles and refugees from oppression would bring with them the principles that would fit them to be good citizens. One of the most prominent and sublime prin ciples established by the Constitution is, religious tolerance. “Freedom to worship God” was what the Pilgrims sought on the rock-bound coast of New England. Half the work of the Revolution would be undone, or go for naught, if the principle of religious toleration is to be tram pled under foot. The political prejudices engendered against the Roman Catholic Religion are groundless, un just and absurd ; for so deeply imbued witt; Re publican principles are our own native popula tion. and so thoroughly do our foreign population become so after a few years’ residence, that no religion can loug flourish among them, that as sumes to come in conflict with those principles. Any such religion must, in its tenets, and church government and discipline, conform to the spirit of cur Republican people and age, or it must lose its hold on the affections at;d confidence of the people. No sacerdotal despotism can be long maintained over the American mind in a way to become a political power in the State. There is a total divorce between politics and re ligion, according to our Constitution, and all po litical parties and good citizens should respect that provision. In the North, temporary excitements, and the old flame of Native Americanism have flared up so as to create those Know-Nothing organiza tions, with a view to correct social and political ; evils, existing or supposed to exist there—espi cially in the large cities. But why should the South imitate Northern example in its ruffian ism, or its persecutions? We have nothing to complain of, either against foreigners or Catho lics. We have nothing to complain of against ; the foreigners and Catholics of the Northern ; States, the objects of the fierce denunciations of Know-Notbingism. On that vital subject of slavery, the Catholic clergy have always scrup ulously abstained from interfering with us.— Their names are never seen to abolition petitions. On this same subject of slavery, we have found the Democratic party of the North far more re liable in defence of the constitutional rights of the South, than any other party. It has been the only reliable party. It is at this moment the only one now sustaining and defending the great measure of the day, which repudiated the insulting restriction imposed on the South by the Missouri Compromise, and which the Northern Whigs, and the Free-soilers and Abolitionists, to a man, denounce. Yet, the foreigners, who come to our shores, and become citizens, are almost en masse Democrats. They are Democrats in prin ciple when they land on our shores. There is a congeniality in the doctrines, and a charm in the very name of Democracy, which draw them to that party, and they are found generally voting with it as soon as they become endowed with the right of suffrage. 1 his foreign vote is an element infused into the Democratic party, under no circumstances to be leared. It is not strong enough to control its action, or to incorporate new principles into its creed. On the other hand, the foreigners who become Democrats, become, more or less, Ameri canized, and identified with our people in inter est and policy, while the r children are as thorough Americans as aie those who can trace back to American parents for a half dozen gene rations. Westrrn & Atlantic Railroad. —For the month of June, (says the Federal Union.) Five Thousand Dollars from the nett earnings of the Western and Atlantic Railroad for that i month, were paid into the State Treasury ; and for the month of July. Twenty Thousand Dol lars were paid into the Treasury. This will be gratifying intelligence to the peaple, who have been so often told that the State Road was a woithless piece of property, and should be given away rather than be held by the State. We are clearly convinced from the foregoing facts, that with good management, the State Road will soon pay into the State Treasury, annually, from one to two hundred Thousand Dollars. We have believed, all the time, that the State Road could be made profitable, and when we opposed with all our energies, all 'propositions before the last Legislature to lease or sell it, we did not so soon expect to see our arguments sustained, but con fidently believed that a few years of good man agement would realize the lull measure of our prophecies. The Drought. — W; earn (says the Balti more American J that the drought in some parts of the Western country exceeds greatly that of any season previously known. A gentleman re siding not far from Pittsburgh, went recently to that city for a supply of potatoes and corn, his fields being entirely burned up. Unable to pro cure the articles wanted, he went to Wheel ng where he met with no better success, and bad to go on to Cincinnati before he could get his sup plies. We have also a letter from a gentleman at Cleveland, Ohio, who states that every thing in the shape of vegetation is burnt op in that region of country—that the contrast between Baltimore county and the West, is moR marked, the former being green and thriving in compari son. Another terrible railroad accident happened to a tram from Cincinnati on the 16th inst. As the passenger cars were about passing round a curve besrde which was a,high embankment, a cow suddenly appeared upon the track and in a mo ment was under the wheels of the locomotive, which became detached .and ran on uninjured. I he baggage car, containing several prsons. was thrown down the embankment. The first pas senger car followed, but fortunately for those in side, pitched endwise down the precipice. Strangs as it may appear, only tvro persons wsrs seriously injured by the catastrophe, viz: Mr. Locke and Mr. Keenan, who were in the bag gage car. Both these gentlemen it w r as feared would not survive. All the others escaped with slight scratches and bruises. Health of Savannah. The interments on Monday were eleven, of which six were by yellow Fever. A despatch received at this office,says the weather was plea sant. Board of Health. The Charleston Mercury, of the 29th inst., says: “ The regular weekly report of the City Register will be published to-morrow, and a dai ly report every morning afterwards, in pursu ance of the subjoined Preamble and Resolution, adopted at a meeting of the Board of Health, held yesterday. Whereas, Exaggerated reports respecting the extent ot the prevalence of Yellow Fever in this city, are circulated here and elsewhere: The Board of Health deem it advisable to give an ac curate statement of the number of deates daily, in order that the public may receive from a re liable source, the actual progress of the disease— be it Therefore Resolved, That the City Register is hereby instructed to publish in the City papers the num ber of deaths, daily, by Yellow Fever. Health of the City—Official Report. Savannah, Sunday Aug. 27, 9 P. M. Interments in Laurel Grove Cemetery on Sunday. W. S. Johnson, 21 years, Typhoid Fever, Sav. Wm. Hancill.. .27 “ Inflam. Bowels, England. Rindwal... .25 44 Fits, Russia. Brozer 25 44 Yellow Fever, Penn’a. Mary Wa11... .16 “ Yellow Fever, Ireland. Total 5 —2 Yellow Fever. Blanks —Picket.. 30 years, Bilious Fever. Interments in the Catholic Cemetery on Sunday. Mrs. Jane Reily 55 years, Consumption. Bridget S. Scanland 27 44 Yellow Fever. Ann Foley 22 44 44 “ Francis Collins .. 32 44 44 44 Michael G1ea50n....... 2 1 44 44 44 Dominick O’Byrne 3 6 44 44 44 Philp O’Neil 20 44 “ 44 Total 7—6 Yellow Fever. From the above reports it will be seen (says the News) that the interments at all the ceme teries yesterday, were 12, of whom 8 died from yellow fever. When we take into considera tion that for several days past the weather has been very w’arm, the above report is more fa vorable than anticipated. The weather con tinues dry, with a southeast wind, and as far as our information extends, the disease has consid erably abated particularly as regards new cases. The Public Health and the Weather.— In common with many citizens with whom we have conversed, we regret that so many exag gerated reports, relative to the existence ot the yellow fever, should have been sent from the city. Our country exchanges begin to teem with rumors eonterning the prevalence of the disease, for which there is not a shadow of foun dation. In order to satisfy the public mind on this subject, we have been at some pains to gath er the following information, by which it will be seen that up to yesterday there had been only twelve deaths from the yeljow fever, in the two hospitals, since the 11th inst, The total number of cases admitted at the Marine Hospital from the above date to yesterday afternoon was eigh teen, of which eight proved fatal; four have been cured and discharged, and six are still un der treatment. Only two new eases were ad mitted yesterday, and there was but one death. The total number of admissions into the Alms house Hospital have been fifteen of which four terminated fatally ; two have been discharged, five are convalescent, and four are in what is called the second stage and are not yet pronounc ed out ot danger. Two new cases were admit ted, but there were no deaths yesterday. This is even a more gratifying exhibit of the sanitary condition of the city than we had anticipated after the recent severe spell of warm weather. The thunder storm which set in yesterday went fartowards reviving panting and drooping animate and inanimate nature, and it is hoped will prove equally beneficial in purifying the at mosphere and restoring our city to its wonted perfectly healthy state. The fact that only one death occurred at the hospitals within the forty-eight hours ending yestereay afternoon is highly encouraging, and confirms the belief of most of those with whom we have conversed that the disease will be almost wholly confined to persons who have recently arrived fropn in fected ports,and to emigrants who have lately come from Europe, and who adopt no sanitary precautions whatever. That there should be a few sporadic cases is not surprising—these are to be found in nearly every seaboard city. The Philadelphia papers inform us that a servant girl in that city, who had not been in any place where she could contract the disease,died of yel low lever last week. Unless we should be un fortunately visited by brief, and frequent rains, followed by warm sunshine, we think there is little cause for alarm this season.— Char. Stand ard. | 29 th inst. We copy the above from the Charleston Stan dard of yesterday, and will anxiously await the report of the Board of Health, which will make its appearance in the Charleston papers of this morning, and be published daily hereafter. We hope the Standard's statement of yesterday may prove more correct than the statement we pub lished last Wednesday, taken from the same pa per, and published the day previous to the last report of the Board of Health. A Worthy Example. We received yesterday from Mr. Thomas W. Fleming, Foreman of the special Jury of the Couit of Common Pleas, now in session, the amount of seven dollars, with the request of him self and brother Jurors, that the amount should be handed over to the Treasurer of the Orphan Assylum, as a contribution from that body. This is an example worthy of being followed by other Grand Juries, for they could not contribute their funds to a more laudable object. Fancy Dress Ball at Indian Springs. This event takes place on the 7th of Sept., and we state, for the convenience of visitors, that a splendid assortment of character Costumes; English, French, Spanish, Turkish, and nearly all the nations known to man, will be on the spot for selection on the occasion. The Liquor Law in New Haven.—A great meeting was held at New Haven, Conn., on Tuesday afternoon, for the purpose of appointing liquor agents, and for designating the quantity of liquor to be used for mechanical and sacramental purposes. The opnosers of the law resisted all action, and a vote to adjourn was carried by them —eleven hundred and fifteen against ten hun dred and sixty. The friends of the law said they had a large majority present, if their friends had not been crowded from the door-way by the rowdies. Their opponents deny that this was so. At a general court martial, which convened at Fort Union, New Mexico, on the 10th of Feb ruary, 1854, pursuant to Orders No. 7, of Janu ary, 26, 1854, headquarters'department of New Mexico, and of which Brevet Major D. H. Ruck er, Assistant Qil&rtermaster, was president, First Lieut. Wylly C. Adams, of the 2d regiment of Artillery, was arrangned and tried on the charge of drunkenness on duty. Having been fround guilty, he was sentenced to be /‘cashiered,” ar.d on the 16ch instant the sentence was duly car ried out. Fatal casps of cholera have become so scarce in New’ York that the Board of Health no longer deem it necessary to make daily reports. The disease appears to be rapidly disappearing from all parts of the country. The panic is reported to have subsided at St. Johns, N. 8., where the epidemic was so exceedingly virulent that all who could left the place. The citizens are now returning to their homes. The California Steamers. The following is an extract of a letter from a gentleman with whom we are well acquainted. We publish it for the information ot those who contemplate visiting the land of gold. The writer, it will be seen, has not.formed a very high opinion of the independent line, and strong ly recommends the regular mail line. On Boars of Steam Ship North Star, ) In sight of Aspinwall, August 13th, 1854. J We have arrived in sight of the Isthmus and will get in about ten o’clock to night. We have had very pleasant weather, it having been quite cool all the way thus far. The Independent line, and this ship in particulars a perfect hum bug, so far as order, clenliness and decency is concerned. The ship is a good staunch vessal, a good sailor, &c. The Captain is fit, and should be the commander of a scow on the Erie Canal. The table is the dirtiest, comon place affair, that I have ever seen, and not half as good and clean as I taw the convicts in Sing Sing eating this summer. We have on board two negro families who have a State Room, and have had more liberties on board than any others, except about six lewed women, who have seemed to vie with the negroes in airs and impudence, but thank heaven we are nearly out of it for the present. I would advise all who think of coming to Cali fornia to take the Nickaragua route, it is no more cost in the end, and I am told that it is much the best route, by twenty, who went home that route from one to two months since. We have not been sick much, and I have stood it well. K. is not so very lond of steamship travelling, and takes it rather hard, on account of not being able to get any thing fit to eat, for the filth of the cooking is intelerable. As near as I can come at the expeDse it will take us S6O to get across the Isthmus and get on the Yankee Blade, and on the other route it costs nothing extra. We passed Cuba on the east two days since, and Hayti on the west yesterday. * Yours, &c. Viewing Things Through Whig Speo acles. Some weeks ago the Tennessee papers pub lished a correspondence betw-een Judge Pepper, and Gov. Johnson of that State,*on the occasion of an interchange of courtesies between those gentlemen in the way of their former callings— the one having been a Blacksmith, the other a Tailor by trade. The Judge presented the Gov ernor with a shovel, the workmanship of his own hands. Whereupon the Governor present ed the Judge with a black cloth sack coat, draft ed, cut, sewed and prepared with his own hands, each present being accompanied with a letter.— The Independsnt Press published at Eatonton copies the correspondence and adds: “ We had clipped the above extract from one of our exchanges for insertion in our paper, as going to show' the beauty of our institutions, in that no class of men are excluded from the high est offices in America. We thought, also that it might encourage the-young mechanic in his dai ly labor to know that the governor of Tennessee was a tailor and that one ol the judges in that State was a blacksmith. Not so with the Chronicle & Sentinel. That paper of a recent date says “We saw this correspondence when it first ap peared in the Nashville papers, and a more un mitigated, disgusting exhibition of low canting demagogueism never met our observation, And to add to the coolness of the thing, the paper which first published it, saiu that the publica tion was not sought or procured by Ihe writers, That was the coolest thing in the chapter ! When we read this from the Chronicle & Sen tinel, w’e were amazed, and began to ask oursell why does this paper talk so? The idea passed into our head that it might be because Gov. Johnson was a Democrat, and Judge Pepper might be too. But we do not know the Judge’s politics. Then we thought it might be illiberal to the Chronicle & Sentinel to think so, and so we suspended our opinion, and read on. Sepa rated by only two paragraphs from the above extract, and one of which is an illiberal fling at President Pierce, we found the following : Vert Well Said.— The Mobile Tribune, after quoting from the New York Mirror, some appropriate remarks in relation to the untimely and lamented death of Miss Fillmore, thus pro ceeds to speak of the amiable qualities of the deceased, and the worthy traits of her afflicted father. “ Miss Fillmore, we may add, was a highly ac complished lady, and remarkable for unassuming modesty and benevolence. During the admin istration of her father she had most of the man agement of his household, and was frequently present at his official receptions in the White House. Prior to his elevation to the Presidency she was a teacher in one of the public schools of New York, and, notwithstanding her sudden transition from that comparitively humble po s.tion,tothe highest position in the countiy, she retained her simple and unostentatious man ners. But the father was not a showy man; and although his elevation to the Vice-Presidency and thence to the Presidency was rather unex pected, he also retained his ‘balance,’ and acted like a man who was to the manor bqrn. There, must, we think, be some substantially good man ly and true womanly blood running in the veins of these Filimores.” Now according to the Chronicle & Sentinel to speak of Johnson’s and Pepper’s rising from the tailor’s board and anvil to be governor and judge, is an “ unmitigated, disgusting exhibition of low, canting demagogueism.” But to speak of Miss Fillmore’s rising from one of the public schools of N. Yoik to the White House is “very well said.” There must be “some substantially good, manly, and true womanly blood running in the veins of these Fillmores!” The differ ence is. Gov. Johnson is a Democrat and Miss Fillmore was the daughter of a Whig. Oh! d octor, doctor! Railroad Accident. —By tbe arrival of the passenger train last evening we learn that the down passenger train which left Macon, on Sat urday afternoon at 4 o’clock, ran off the track at 8 o’clock that night, near mile post, about 61 one miles this side Some base ingrate had placed a stringer or log of wood across the track, which threw the engine off.— We are gratified to learn that no material dam age was done to the engine, and that no persons were injured. The down passenger train ol yesterday., which arrived last evening at 7 o’clock brought to this city the passengers and the mails. The road has been dared, Snd is now free from all obstruction. —Savannah News,2oth inst. The manufacturer of the North find them selves short of water from the extreme drought, and many mills are suspended. Nfw Methodist Church. —On Sunday, 20th inst., the New Methodist Church in Alba ny, Ga., was dedicated ; The Pastor, Rev, P. P. Smith, officiating. The Church is a handsome and well finished structure, capable of seating about five hundred persons. The dedication sermon was an ex cellent one, both in matter manner. The cholera is still very destructive to the lives of emigrants at sea. The ship Delaware which lately arrived at New York with two hundred and forty-five passengers from Havre, lost eighteen persons by cholera between the sth and 17th inst. Between two and three hundred buildings are reported to have been destroyed by the fire which took place in Troy, New York, last Saturday.— Among other property destroyed was the freight depot of the Hudson River Railroad ; also, the company 's machine shop, several car houses and cars; Bridges very extensive chair factory; Jones & Hitchcock’s bell foundry, and various other manufacturing establishments. Lumber to the value of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars was also destroyed. It is estimated that the entire Joss will not fall short of one million dollars. The insurance offices will suffer very heavily by this saiamity. ' (communicated.) Madison, Aug. 23. Mr. Gardner:— lt being now regarded as a “ fixe<! fact,” that the Presidency of the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company will soon become vacant, by the retirement of the present able and popular incumbent—the succession begins to awaken no little solicitude. In view of the im mense interests involved, we trust we shall not be charged with a ptemature agitation of this subject. The prosperous management of the road is a matter of vital importance, not only to the stockholders, but to the entire region over which it has been diffusive of untold and incal culable benefits. The selection of its chief of ficer should be based upon broad principles.— Mere preferences for individuals should be un heeded, and local considerations utterly disre garded. Tbe permanent and substantial in terests of all parties ought alone to be consulted. Thoroughly penetrated by this conviction, and animated by none other than the most disinter ested and catholic motives, we presume to offer to tbe notice of the elective body, the name of a gentleman peculiarly fitted, in our judgment, to wear the mantle of Mr. King. William L. Mitchell, Esq., of Athens, presents a rare combination of qualifications for this re sponsible and arduous station. Few men in Georgia are so deeply imbued with liberal, ex panded, and comprehensive views of our Railroad system, and none more familiar with its end and aims,—its wants and requirements. Though deservedly ranking among our best educated and most intelligent citizens, Mr. Mitchell is emi nently, and in the real import of the term, a prac tical, a business man. To a far-reaching sagaci ty, he unites, to an unusual degree, the faculty of canning, mastering, and arranging details. He is in the prime of life, and distinguished for en ergy, promptitude ar.d decision. A rigid econo mist, he would be admirably adapted to the exi gency of the times, whilst his fidelity to the multifarious trusts, both public and private, heretofore reposed in him, has earned for him an enviable reputation. Nor is Mr. Mitchell without experience in the conduct of Railroad affairs. He was, for four years, Superintendent of the State road, and that during the period of its greatest privations, and most pressing necessities. And now that the acrimony engendered by political strife, has ceased to operate; it is universally conceded, that with the limited resources at command, no ad ministration, environed by such embarrassments, could have been more satisfactory or successful. 1 Moreover, we allege, and challenge refutation, that the policy introduced and established by him in the management ol the State road, lies at the foundation of the present prosperity of that great work. Bitterly assailed as he was, and as all others will be, who fill that post—his zeal was never questioned, nor his integrity arraign ed. The most grievous fault ever laid to his charge, was undue partiality to the Georgia Rail road. In thus recommending Mr. Mitchell, as we conscientiously do, it is no part of our purpose to forestall or disparage the pretensions of other competitors; vva would invite examination and investigation. Let us have the widest possible range of selection. We need the services of the very best man that can be procured. Neither the inclinations, nor the aspirations of persons weigh a feather with us. In the expression of our choice, we are influenced by a desire to pro mote the welfare of the road, as well as the pub lic good. Three Stockholders. (communicated.) Mr. Editor :—Permit me to answer the in quiry of a Piny Woods Farmer , published in your paper of last week, on the subject of Lime, and as it will require more than one communication to answer his query, fully and satisfactory, I will try and furnish a communication each week, un til my answer is completed ; and in my efforts hope to invite discussion on a subject of so much importance to the Agricultural interest of Geor gia, as I deem it the duty of every one to throw in their mite of information for the benefit of tl e many, I therefore freely give what little infor mation I have on the subject of Agricultural chemistry, and its practical application—and have used the simplest mode of conveying my ideas, (viz) by questions and answers. Answers to the Inquiry on Limestone and Shells—The Why and Wherefore. 1 Is Limestone or Shells, simple substance ? No. They are all compounds belonging to the limestone iamily. 2 What are they composetTdT? Carbonic acid and lime. *\ 3 Are either of them soluble in water? No. Not as carbonates, except in 20 to 24,000 parts of water to 1 part of carbonate ol lime, or limestone. 4 What is the result of burning,? By applying heat to the limescom', or shells, the carbonic acid being volatile, tad its affinity for the lime is destroyed, then it parses off in vapor, leaving caustic lime. 5 Is the caustic lime more soluble than car bonate of lime? Yes. Caustic lime requires only 700 parts of water to dissolve one ol the lime. 6 Is it important that the lime should be in solution? Yes. For several reasons. First, the lime can act in the presence of water as a neutralizer of acids, or causing decomposition of insoluble com pounds, salts ol the soil, rendering them soluble, as the plants can ody take in its food, in solu tion, or in a gases state. 7 Will caustic lime absorb the gases? Yes. 28 lbs. of lime will combine with 9 bis of water,and with 22 lbs. of carbonic acid, besides absorbing other gases, in presence ol water. 8 Is there any other advantage gained by burning ? * Yes. We gain, in addition to its solubility, 10,000 times more surface; therefore, it takes a less quantity to cover an acre of soil, and has a quicker action on insoluble compounds. Its action with sand when finely divided, renders the porous sandy soil more firm and retentive, and renders stiff clay soil porous and lighter. 9 Has the plant the power, by the action of its fibers, or feeders, to take the acid or gas from the lime ? Yes. Particularly when water is present, as water acts as an acid with the lime, form ing what is called hydrate, or slacked lieme When it is a slacked lime, its affinity is increas ed for carbonic acid, forming a double salt, as a carbonate and hydrate of lime, when the affi nities are still increased ; for carbonic acid, by absorbing two proportions of carbonic acid. When a new double salt is formed, a8 bi-carbon nate of [lime, a very soluble salt in water, as ip this salt, the water acts the part of a base. We then have a double salt of carbonate of lime and carbonate of water. 10 What advantages are gained by its form ing the double salt? First it is a very soluble m \t- by the acid of dew, fogs, or rains, it dissolves and filters through the soil, being so finely divided that it comes in contact with acids of the soil which it neutralizes, or comir.g i a contact with tbe insoluble salts of humans, causes their de composition, and forming -soluble salts for tbe use ol the plants, 11. Is there any other advantage in using eau tic lime, in preference to unburnt stone or shell ? In addition to its solubility, it becomes the carrier between the atmosphere and the plants, from its affinity for water and carbonic acid. It will absorb from the atmosphere the water and carbonic acid, and yield it up to the power of the plant, and as soon as the plant has taken the wa ter and carbonic acid from the lime, it will again absorb the water and gas from the atmosphere, until the plant is satisfied; particularly when there is a high temperature and moist airfso the plant does not suffer so severely from drought, when the lime is properly applied. 12. Is carbonic acid required as food for plants? Yes! Carbon, or charcoal, is only furnished by the carbonic gas to the plants. 13. How does the plants obtain the carbon from the gas ? Carbonic acid is composed ot one proportion of carbon, and two proportions of oxygen; the plants receives the gas in solution, when the organs ot the plants have the power of decomposing the carbonic acid, and retaining the carbon in a fine ly divided state, and forming the base of the wood. The oxygen, which may be more than is required tor the use of the plant, is discharged through the upper part of the leaf, to be inhaled by the animal or vegetables. 14. Are we to understand from the above, that the plant requires the lime and carbonic acid as a constituent? Yes! The lime acts as an agent, as well as one of the constituents of the plant, and all seed re quires lime and magnesia as a constituent. [the subject will be continued.] The Weather, the Crops—health &■ c.— We hear many and serious complaints, from different sections of our own and neighboring States, of the protracted drought. In some lo calities in Georgia, where the corn prospect was unusually fine six weeks ago, the dry weather has well nigh cut the crop off entirely. Never theless, we think there will be a sufficiency of corn to supply the wants of our people without sending abroad. The hot dry weather has ma terially damaged the fodder in places w’here the corn crop is more promising. We hear flatter ing accounts of the cotton crop from Texas and Louisiana; while in Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia, the reports are less favorable. Peas and potatoes in this section are doiug very well, tho ? suffering some from the dry weather. Our county enjoys a freedom from sickness truly remarkable. (Vlilledgeville parti cularly is blessed with health. Our Savannah friends, who are so unfortunate as to be com pelled to leave their homes, may find in Mil ledgeville a pleasant residence, and a healthy at mosphere.—Federal Union, 29 th inst. Samatfrrifli. Augusta Market, August 30. COTTON.—There has been a fair demand during the past week, with but a limited stock, all of which we understand met with ready sale when put on the market. We have no quotable decline to notice in prices from these current last week, except on Good Middlings, which are a little easier, and we alter our quotations to conform. No Mid dling Pair or Fair, has been put on the market this week, and our quotations for these descriptions we leave blank. A lot of the former would, no doubt, bring 9 a 91c. The receipts of the new crop have been light this week, and of that receiv ed but little has been sold, and at easier prices. There are but few buyers in the market, and the qualities offering range from Ordinary to Good Middling. We quote: Ordinary to Good Ordinary, stained,.. to 7* Low Middling to Strict Middling 8 toßf Good Middling 8| to 83 Middling Fair, no sales Fair. no sales RECEIPTS OP COTTON. Fiom lsr September, 1853, to the latest ,inter receoie i. 1354. 1853. , r ,- -A Savannah, Aug. '24 312,095 341,657 Charleston, Aug. 24 443,176 450.162 Mobile, Aug. 18 502,207 518,559 New-Orleans, Aug. 18 1.373,375 1,603,397 Florida, Aug. 10 .155.456 177^922 Texas, Aug. 10 105,134 84,9( 5 Virginia, July 1 12,500 18,172 North Carolina, Aug. 12 9,216 18,109 Total 2.853.759 ,3,213,513 2,883,759 Decrease in Receipts 329,754 STOCK OF COT CON. Remaining on hand at the latest dates received. Savannah, Aug. 24 1.891 3,467 Charleston, Aug 24 15/293 8,577 Mobile, Aug. IS 38.998 2,167 New-Orleans, Aug. 18 37,230 10,140 Florida, Aug 15 777 1,349 Texas, Aug. 10 7,564 1,879 Augusta and Hamburg, Aug. 1... 11.114 12,739 Macon, Aug. 1 4/472 4,375 Virginia, July 1 350 400 North Carolina, Aug. 12 420 200 New-York, Aug. 22 15,383 64,225 Total 133,492 109,518 GROCERIES.—We have not much change to notice this week “n prices. Business Js gradually on the increase, and daily additions are making to the stocks on hand. In the course of two or three weeks our Merchants will be prepared for a heavy fall business. BACON.—The stock is getting very light of all descriptions, and prices this week have further ad vanced. Sales have been reported to us of Ribbed Sides at 9 cents, and of good Clear at 9 j a 10 cents —tho latter price in small lots. At these rates there is a good demand. LARD.—Good still scarce, and is worth 10 cents in bbls., 11 cents in kegs, and 12 cents in cans. CANDLES.—Are getting scarce. A lot of about 100 boxos, a new brand, Win. Jay, Providence, R. 1., called “Solar,’’wero sold at 16 a 17 cents. They retail from stores at 19 a 20 cents. CORN.—Stock light and prices a little stiffen We quote 95 a 97c. by wholesale, and $1 by retail. WHISKY.—The stock is light, and'holdors are stiff at 40 cents for a good article. SUGARS.— Stock light, and prices have advanc ed, within the last two weeks, fully half cent on all qualities. MOLASSES.—Demand limited, with a fair sup ply on hand. We quote Cuba at 25 a 20, and New Orleans at 28 a 30 cents. NAlLS.—Holders are stiffening in their asking prices, and are asking 5$ a 5| cents per lb. SALT—We understand sales to arrive have been made this week at $1,50 cash, deliverable at the South Carolina depot. From stores it is selling at $1,65 a $1,70 —most holders are asking the lat ter price. STOCKS. But little 4>f any description offer ing. lhe only sale that has been reported to us was a lot of 41 shares of Georgia Railroad, at SIOO per share. We understand there is no more offer ing at this price. FLOUR. Holders are stiff, and we continue to quote City Mills at $8 for superfine, and $lO for Family, by wholesale, and sß* a sloi by retail. WHEAT.—Receipts light. A lot of good white would readily bring $1.50, and of Red $1.25 per bushel. COFFEE.—Stock on hand fully equal to tho de mand. Retailing from stores at 12 a 12ie. for a good article of Rio. BAGGING.— There is a better demand for this article, and prices .are stiffening. Holders are now asking 15 a 15 J cents by the one or five bolts. ROPE.—Selling at Hi a 12ic. from stores. FEATHERS.—Not much demand at the present time. They are dull of sale at 38 a 40c.—the lat ter price in small parcels. EXCHANGE.—We havenochaage to notice in rates. Our Banks continue to draw on New York, and other cities at i per cent. prem. FREIGHTS.—We now quote the rate to Savan nah at 50 cents per bale. . To Charleston, per Rail road, the rate is 75c. per bale. River in boating order. OX CONSIGNMENT 100 boxes “ Stultz <fc Bernard’s’’ AA and E Tobaeoo, augls DAVIS, KOiB St FANNING. 13 Y TELEGRAPH. New Orleans, Aug. 28 From the Rio Grande. Rio Grande dates to the 19th inst., state that the revolution in Tamaulipas was spreading, and that several towns had adhered to the revolutionists. In a fight near Matamoros on the 13th, the in surgents were victorious. From Texas. * Galveston dates to the “25th, mention that the Governor had issued his proclamation for the en rollment of new troops. There was considerable Yellow Fever at Gal veston, and the Journal advises strangers to keep away. Yellow Fever at New Orleans. At New Orleans the Yellow Fever was spread ing among the emigrants. The deaths in the Hospital during the week reach one hundred. The total number of deaths by yellow fever during the week are IS7. Cotton is dull. Flour firm at $7.50 Terrible Tornado. Columbia, Aug. 29. There was a terrific tornado at Louisville, Ky.> on Sunday. The Fourth Presbyterian Church was blown down during service, killing twenty fivepersons, and wounding many more. A great many houses were unroofed, and much damage done. There were heavy rains on Saturday and Sunday at Boston, New York and Baltimore. The drought still continues in the West. Fire in the woods near Buffalo and Bangor, threatens great destruction. New York, Aug. 28. Cotton. —The market has declined 5 to fc. during the week, closing dull. Middling Or leans 95,Uplands 95 cents. Coffee unchanged. Charleston, Aug. 29. Cotton. —Sales 233 bales at pi ices ranging from 7to 10J cents. Market unchanged. Aiken Railroad. —The citizens of Aiken have in contemplation, the building of a Rail road from Aiken to some point on the Greenville road. Resolutions have been adopted and a con siderable amount raised. The construction of this road will greatly benefit Aiken in every re spect. We have been astonished to find in a district as large and wealthy as Barnwell such a want of energy and enterprise. A good many years ago, application was made to the Legisla ture to charter a road from Barnwell to Black ville, a short distance of 10 miles. The charter was granted, bnt nothing has been done. Since then frequent attempts have been made to awaken the people to the importance of building a plank road on the same route. This road would pay well, and yet no stocks have ever been taken. Thus fits stood Barnwell District in the way of enterprise. The citizens of Ai ken have awakened to the 1 interest, and it is to be hoped this “ leaven will soon leaven the whole moss.” —Barnwell Sentinel, 26th inst. Value or American Produce, Cattle, &c. —The Louisville Journal says it w T as stated by Protessor Mapes at a recent meeting of the Far mers’ Club at Louisville that “the value of live stock ot the United States at this time is not less than $600,000,000, and this will be increased by any increase of the grass and grain crops. More than 120.000,000 bushels of w heat are annually grown, 14,000,000 bushels of rye, 150,000,000 bu hels of oats, 500 000 bushels of barley, 900,- 000 bushels of buckwheat 320.000,000 pounds of butter are made, 105,000.000 pounds of cheese and 14,000,000 tons of hay.” These estimates do not include Indian corn, potatces, beans, fruits, tobacco and various other products equalling in value those we have named. COMBS &. CO.’S EXPRESS. Consignees per Combs Sc Co.’s Express, Aug. 29. F. 0. Barber ; W. Bowen ; 0. E. Boulineau ; M rs. W. Brooks ; M. Hatch ; Isaac Levy ; John Casbin ; Shields A Smith ; L>. Dempsey ; M. Cul lman o ; L. S. Morris; J. W. Meredith; Phinizy A Clayton ; E. B. Pierce. OBITUARY. Died, near Warrenton, Ga., at the residence of his son, George Y. Neal, on Saturday, the 19th day of August, 1854, in the 67th year of his age, Judge Thomas Nkai,. Thus, in the natural order of Providence, has passed from amongst us one of our aged and much esteemed citizens. Judge Neal was born in War ren county, in October, 1787, and in the same house, on the same day, and in the same mouth, his son George V. Neal was boro ; whose first son was also born on the same day and In the same month. It ran be truly said of him, that he never deceived any man, or occupied any doubtful position in so ciety. lie was always determined, open, frank and candid, and though possessed of a strong nat ural mind, and ample means, be never sought any office; yet his frugal and industrious habits, con nected with his close observing mind, caused the people of his native county frequently to elect him to a seat on the Inferior Court bench, which seat (from his frequent elections against political majorities) he filled creditably to himself and satis factorily to his county. ,In all his business trans actions he was never known to swerve, in the slightest particular, from the path of moral recti tude. And in private, many were the deeds of kindness performed by him , and long will he be remembered by the poor and worthy destitute among whom he lived, where his kind heart and neighborly acts had attached to him many devo ted friends, as was fully manifested by the large and respectable eonoourse which aecompaniod his remains to the grave. He was always a friend to tho Bible. Religion, the Church and all Christians; and (his he evi denced not only in words hut in deedc. Then let us, as we are commanded, “ to hope all things and and think no evil, hope that he has passed from hi labors, pains and sufferings below, to that eter nal rest above. G. The Southern Eclectic A Home Gazette, and the Georgia Telegraph please copy. DIED. At his rosidonce in Cobb county, Ga , on tho 2Sth of July, of Typhus Dysentery, William McDon ald, formerly of Abbeville District, South Caro lina. The deceased was above the ordinary stand ard of intellects. In religious subjects his memo ry oxcelled, and his judgment was equal to any. He was purely orthodox, and his practice was aa becomes the faithful servant of Christ. At the same place, August 3, William Henry- McDonald, grandson of the above, of Typhus Dysentery. This youth was also above the ordina ry medium of intellects. Thus doth “ Three score and ten years do sura up Our days and years, wc seo • Or if, by reason of more strength, In some four score they be.” In Calhoun, Gordon county, of Typhoid Fever, Mary Albina, daughter of V, B.and Emily Shel ton, aged nine years. For thirty seven days she lingered, retaining her mental powers to her last moments, and when aske 1 concerning death, re plied, I know I must die, hut I am not afraid to di®- W 0 can join the poet, and say, “ She flew fearless through deaths iron gate, Nor felt its terrors as she passed.” 11. S. D. In Savannah, on Saturday evening last, Mr. Ym. S. Johnston, aged 21 years 3 months. The deceased was a native of that city, and had boen lor the last five years connected with the News of fice as pressman. He was an honest, amiable, faith lul, and industrious young man, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of his employers, and the warm friendship of his associates, who deeply de plore his untimely death. In Savannah, on Sunday morning. 27th inst., Eliza Jane, third daughter of Edward J. and So phia H. Harden, aged 5 years and 1 month. In Savannah, on Monday, 28th inst., Mr. Ste wart Austin, aged 47 years, a native of Scotlaud, but for the last 17 years a resident of that city. Skipiiiiiij jtetrUiflfurf. ARRIVALS FROM CHARLESTON. Schr. Jenny Stockton, Loud, Queenstown, 9th inst., for Cork and a market. CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON. Brig Enterprize, Axwortby, Boston. UP FOR CHARLESTON. Barque A vela, Kendrick, Boston Ketch Brothers, Neilson, Baltimore. Schr. Virginia, Dean, Philadelphia CHARLESTON, Aug. 29—Arrived, schr. Jas. N. Muir, Kirwan, Baltimore; Br. schr. Rover, Sims, Nassau. N. P. In the Offing, schr. B. N. Hawkins, from New York. GAREICK.— A supply of a fine freth Article just reeivtd, a*d f° r by jy27 WM. HAINIB.