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Wcckb (forma dcmstitntwnotet - an b tonHB BY JAMES GARDNER, JR. GUST A, GA. SATURDAY” MORNING, DECEMBER 4. Terms of Subscription. Daily Piper, pet annum, in advance ... .$8 00 A Tri-Weekly.. 5 00 H Weekly, por.annum in advance... 2 00 » If paid within tha year S 80 At the end of the year. 3 00 above term* will be rigidly enforced. Fire in Hamburg. (About ten o'clock last night, a Ute broke out sister city. It was first discovered in Matheny’s Hotel, in the upper part of Centre street, and in the oourse of an hour destroyed Matheny, Brind^y U &*C^ yi s toto, P L. Suber’s; Store, and the store occupied by Mr. John Usher The buildings we understand are all insured tn Uplum bia or Charleston offices. Wo did hot |k Irani whether the stocks of Messrs. Matheny andSuber were insured, but learn that Messrs. Brindley .< Co. and J. Vusher, were insured in ■Kbe < vl.i.ul.a office, iue lot liter tor >3OOO. and Mli >’ ••>"> i » ;oui> which with the goods saved cover their losses. store and dwelling of Mr. Trowbridge, corner, weie saver) alter much ~ ' life Rj drcs.l g® »nuah. Ji '~~ “Z,' ~ , -Ife* Hg - a con. MH* §jJWedi»’ai'.ee. The ears M:.r.X . mile station. Eighteen i.ur. !:< washed away between 1 and 90 mile stations . c c ' at ■BEBMTHead Creek. It is rot c xp. to make for three days. miles ot the T< legrap’i wire is down between the 10th and 13th stations, | reported by Mr. Fulton, who walked and waded to the 90 mile station. The water has ~ fallen on the road at this end since yesterday morning. and they expect to get to work tu-d.iv, The Cuba Question. The course of the Administration in the affair with Cuba, and especially its course towards Mr. George Law, is producting much excite ment, and elicits various comments from the press. Coinciding as we do in the views ex pressed by’ the Washington correspondent of the Charleston Mercury, we publish its comments, and invite attention to them. We will follow them with more on the same subject from other quarters. Important Operation. We witnessed (says the Chronicle of Wednes day) a very important and difficult operation in the Medical College.on Saturday last, by Pro fessor L. A. Dugas. The subject was a negro man, the property of Mr. James McDowell ot Talbot county, in this State. He had a Tumor situated on the right side of his neck, in the Pos terior Clavicular Triangle, immediately over the Subclavain Artery, which imparted to it a de gree of pulsation calculated to mislead the sur geon. and which bad misled several eminent ones, who mistook it for an Aneurism ot the Subclavain Artery, arid, therefore, refused to operate. Under these circumstances he was brought to this city to Professor Dugas, who up on examination, pronounced it not only no Aneurism, but a diseased Lymphatic Gland, and proposed to operate for its removal, w hich he did on Saturday evening, with the most com plete success. That it was a delicate operation all will admit, who are conversant with the an atomy of the parts. The Professor proceeded with great caution. es lu d'jt.’nguished'trarte ’*s a sur- I i after some difficulty, caused by impossibility of controiing the patient, succeeded ' in disengaging the tumor from its position, and I taking it out. The operation was a painful one, | and illy born by the patient. The tumor was i then subjected to the microscope by Dr. Juriah , Harris, and found to be a disorganised Hypertho- I phied Lymphatic Gland, thus fully sustaining the , Professor’s diagnosis. VZeslem Trade—Railroad Freights. We are glad to find that our North Alabama i friends begin to discuss more dispassionately the recent advance in freights on their produce to She Atlantic ports. The advance, in fact, is very small, except 10 cents per 100 lbs on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, and we are as sured that the freights now are barely remune- ] rating. There should, then, be no cause of excite- \ men!, °but shippers should closely consult their in- I terestson a fair calculation of advantages between the two routes. We find, by an article in the Huntsville Demrerat, they ar: bow induced to do to. In most of the comparative statements we have lately seen, the cost of transportation alone is brought into the estimate. Whereas, there is a difference of price on cottons of the same qual ity of about 1 cent per lb. This difference ne cessarily exists, because it is legitimate—arising from causes that canffdt be controlled. In September, 1545, we published an article, signed “ ManHcf in which this subject is elab orately discussed, and tbis position is sustained by an array of facts and figures that never have been controverted. It was written by one now ar.d then closely connected with one of our prin cipal Railroads, and it will be seen how much \2Tha was indebted for his facta to citizens of North j'Aklabaina, themselves. The wants ot that sec- I fact,have ba 1 much influence in urging MHRw ■ «>'• '■■ r 1 W 17 business at a lo'.s. 5 V m.ffii iinpirli-j. a lai4e I- -rd morning. |||| 3 ~ BS* l|j , " ' ® Hggr ssr . '/.-•■r.ng ' jR-W ’’ 11 i ; ■ "■■■ -r ’ =■ IM..a- ..g. to eoniw :m 1o: .1 br.J- '' lip'.uu'f * Sarden-, 'I fa Rrn-hrlle. ■ Some boxe. ‘ ’ R^. ure d sprats having found their way to the Emperor, he had thus employ , ed the label*. • ! &The total number of deaths in Boston for the week ending on Saturday at noon, has been 84 of which 29 were children under five years of age. The chief diseases were, consumption 14, croup 6, dropsy in head C, scarlet fever 12, ma rasmus 4, and inflamation of the lungs 3. Scar let fever continues its ravages among children. During tbe past four weeks at least forty children of that city had died with it. Last week in New York city 10 deaths occurred of small pox, while in Boston, for the past six months or more, not a death has occurred of that disorder. North Carolis* Leoislaturb.—The Wil mington IN. C ) Commercial says that no Uni ted States Senator has as yet been elected by the Legislature. At the last ballotting on Friday Dobbin received 75, and Saunders 30 votes—a gain to the latter of about 10 votes on previous ballottings. “ Tremendous excitement,” as the saying is. The most extensive coal field in the world commences near Carrollton, Ky., and runs hrough Indiana, Illinois, and lowa, containing about 80,000 square miles, of whieh a tenth or pbout 8000 miles are ia tndiaHa. i,The Day Dawneth. The Chattanooga Advertiser ol the 30th ult. j says: “The discussion in reference to freights - j upon cotton, which for several weeks past has I been a standing theme for the comments of the press, as well as a subject for acrimonious re remark among planterg and Shippers, now prom ises a certain, speedy, and we hope, satisfactory adjustment. The result of the conference, to which we alltided in our last, tietween Mr. Con nor, J i|dge King. Mr. Wadley, and the steam boat proprietor*- and forwarding merchants of , this place, has been a proposition to wfiic|>, wa , are informed, all parties have assented, to make , a reduction as follows: I “Five cents per bale on Steamboat transpor tation, Five cents per bate by the forwarding nigfchautsof Chattanooga. Ten cents per him* 'Wrefl oil Railroad transportation, averaging 55 Cents p-r bale. And the Railroad Companies pledge themselves to carry off the cotton from this point as fart as delivered! “The above is in substance, the arrangement! agreed upon, though it is not yet officially re ported, Further details may be given here after.” The heavy rains of last week appear to .have extended to all parts of the country both North and South. The New York Commercial Adver-- tiser says that all the streams within thirty rnil-s. of New York city, have overflowed their banks in consequence of the heavy rain on Friday; kq Some parte of Westchester, it is said, looks like> »4. broad river, and in the vicinity ot New Brm.s.kj wick, N. J, t|je low grounds aga»'*~*' — * ori Saturday mo. i Jug Jwd to reaS^Rcarsin boats, from their residences. There is. also, a freshet in the Delaware river, the water having risen eight feet, and the Lehigh river has risen ten feet at Wilkesbarre. The Susquehanna is in good rafting condition, and rising at Lock Haven. The west branch of the Susquehanna is also on the rise. At Mauch Cunck the Lehigh is seven feet above low water mark, and is rising. We learn from the Savannah News that there was a tire at Savannah, at eleven o’clock Tues- j day morning, at the corner of Montgomery and South Broad streets, in the retail grocery occu pied by Martin Brother, which destroyed the adjoining tenements occupied by P. S. Newcomb and Mrs. S. E. Baker. Grother's stock was in sured to the amount of SSOO. The buildings were all the property of S. Goldsmith, and in- sured for SI,OOO. Tennessee.—Scott's exact majority in this ' State is put down by the Nashville Gazette at ' 1811, which is a whig gain over the Gubernato- I rial vote of last year, of 151 votes. The whole I vote, says the Gazette, falls below the vote for ' Governor, one year ago, nine thousand votes, i when it should have been increased two or three thousand, at least—showing that ten ot twelve thousand voters did not exercise the privilege of the elective franchise at the recent election. 1 tin Levee.—The N. O. Picayune, of the 28th ult., says : “ The levee is literally groaning under the immense weight ot produce deposited on it. The receipts of cotton have been great beyond all precedent, and notwithstanding a large num ber ot drays are constantly engaged in hauling it away to the presses, so numerous are the arri vals that the whole extent of the levee from Poydras to St. Louis street remains continually covered with cotton bales. The number of steam boats arriving and departing during the past week has been very large, larger than during any previous week since the season opened.— The incessant hauling on and hauling off, the ' constant loading and discharging of cargoes, the ; hurrying to and fro of clerks, inspectors, officers, i &c., give to the face of the levee an unsually ; brisk and active appearance.” Peter Cooper, Esq., a well known merchant, of New York, has appropriated the sum ofs3oo -for the erection of an institution to be known ' as the “ Union,” the object of which is to be | “ the Moral, Mental and Physical improvement L I of the TSESYd; mediate, tue Coun- > J try, and the World.” Strange Phenomenon. A Montgomery ■ Ala., paper says that Saturday , tbe 13th ult., was the anniversary of the “falling stars” o f 1833, which, as observation proves, yearly re peat their display on the night of the 13th of November, though each subsequent return of the i phenomenon has been insignificantly compared ' with the gorgeous sight of 1833. At 8 o’clock, | on the night of the 13th ult., the editor observed j I a brilliant meteor, which really startled him by i its splendor. Its point of divergence, like that of the stars of the 13th of November, 1833, seem ed to be in the neighborhood of Perseus, and it traversed a line between Capella and the Pope. It very much resembled, in brilliancy, size and l velocity, a common sky-rocket, cast a shadow, by ! its light, and left a long and bright train behind ' I it. There was no report accompanying it, and | I he has not learned whether any usual number of meteors were observed on the night in question, i but this one was so brilliant that it must have attracted the attention of all beholders. The recent Railroad Accident. —The Co lumbia Palmetto State Banner, speaking of the recent Railroad accident, by which Col. Single ton and his grandson lost their lives, says: “As rumors have existed that there was de cayed timber on the culvert which had yielded to the weight of the tram, we have taken some Cains to enquire into the fact. The road had een rebuilt from the junction to the river, and the timbers are stated by authority, to have been perfectly sound. The heavy rains inun dating the bank caused the accident. A half hour before the accident, a heavy train, with a twenty ton engine had passed over it—and had passed daily for three weeks—the Antelope engine, connected with the passenger train to i which the accident occurred, is one of the light est in the Company’s service, being only of thirteen or fourteen tons weight. It had been placed on that road in consequence of being lighter than any other. If there had been rot ten timber present, the Charlotte engine of 20 i tons, which passed over a half hour before, i would have more certainly crushed it than an I engine of six tons less weight.” I Eulogy on Mr. Webster. —Hon. A. H. Ste ■ phens, at the request of the Committee, some j time since appointed, has consented to deliver i an Eulogy on the character of the illustrious j Webster, in Atlanta. The time is yet to be fix i ed upon. 1 Kansas Territory.—The St. Louis Evening I News confidentially expecfcfto see this new ter ! ritory organized during the coming session of. Congress. It will probably extend north of the . Great Platte, south to the Arkansas, and west to : the main ridge of the Rocky Mountains. : Tbe speed of locomotives has reached 75 miles I per hour in France. The French Rail Roads however, are the best managed in the world. '■ Accidents but seldom occur,the regulation being so stringent. Outrageous Case.—The Cleaveland Forest City has received a communication from some one in relation to the elopement of a white girl with a colored man named Stoler. The girl was about sixteen years old, and her father and mother were Ixrth intemperate. Stoler was a mulatto, and was a hand on board the propeller Paugasset, and the girl was persuaded by others to marry him. After their marriage it was as certained that he had two or three other wives She was taken from him and placed in the fami ly of T. B. Mungen, in Oberlin. One evening a person called on her and represented that her mother was dying, and wished very much to see her. She went with him, and fell into Stoler’s hands, and was carried off to Cleaveland. Mr. Mungen, not her father, followed, but the pro peller had left Cleaveland, and he was not arres ted nor the girl saved. It is stated in the London prints that during the prevalence of the cholera in the Polish town of Koval, the worst cases were quickly cured by giving the patient copious drafts of cold spring water. The West Baton Rouge (La.) Ki«-a-Fu has 1 placed the name of Winfield Scott at the head of ■ its columns for President in 1856. Some Pluck. The Susquehanna,all along above and below Harrisburg, is said to be full of wild ducks, and j the sportsmen bring them in in great quanti- s ——— {Colonization. —James G. Birney, the cele brated abolitionist, has written a letter to “ Fred r Douglass’ paper,”in which he agaia takes ground ia favor of eoloahmtioa. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 8, 1852. The Crescent Oily Affair—the Pcosidont’s LettJr t. We publish below the letter ot President Fill :s more to lion. Hugh Maxwell, Collector of the s Port of New York, which will be rend with in* e forest. The N. Y. Herald, remurks that the his .. tory of this letter so far as Mr. Law is concern- - ed, is as follows: r On the 14th inst} Mr. Maxwell addressed a ’ note to Mr. Law, inviting an interview. Mr. Law called at the Collector’s office on the same day, and Mr. Maxwell read to him an extract -of a letter which he said be had writ f ten the President, pretending to givJ*Hie lan s guage of un interview on or about thtfTlth inst. The Collector’s letter stated that Mr. Law had > said to him, that he should send out the Crescent City, and if the vessel was fired upon she should . be surrendered, and he would go to war with the t Idjovernment of Cuba. Mr. Law immediately • J replied, that he had made no such declaration— ; that the idea of his going to war with Cuba was »-fc|Wn«ense —and that in making a statement to * j tjlii affect to the President, he (the Collector) > I bad misrepresented* him. That which he did | «Ry was, that the Crescent City ■ had gone out, ■K weuM land at Havana as usual, and that if ■ | she was fired upon arid hit, the ship, being un- armed, would be surrendered and the officers end remain at Havana as prisoners; and that | apon such a question, the country would go to ’ j wat if the outrage was not redressed, or he was : I mistaken in his estimate of the character and wßretoper of the American people. Mr. Maxwell , * promised to write to the President, and correct qrei* mis-statement 1 “On the following day, (15th ii<rt.) Mr. Max sent to Mr. Law a letter containing these L, hfisstatenients, which he had promised to correct, ; >ated back to the Ist November, and a port.un «, •.?purnortina to be the substance ot a letter' to lum by «h* Pre.o.'. r t <'• it.'. ,el- I >aiA Law took no notice, for the reason that I so much ol it as purported to be the Collector’s j own letter to the President, he knew to be in ! correct, and he thought it not improbable that i he may also have mis stated that of the Presi dent; but if he had not, the President's letter was based entirely upon the mis-statements of the Collector. Had the President’s letter, or a copy of it, been sent to Mr. Law, without the introductory mis-statement of Mr. Maxwell, Mr. Law would at once have replied to it, with the respect due to the chief magistrate of the nation Mr. Law has had no correspondence with Mr. Maxwell, and preferred not to have l any. (PRIVATE ] Washington, Nov. 12,1552. Hon. Hugh Maxwell, New York City— Your note of yesterday came to hand this morning, in which you state a conversation you I have had with Mr. George Law’, from which ! you (learned that the “Crescent City will go to Cuba and enter the port of Havana in defiance ol the Spanish authority, and if fired upon, she will be (surrendered, and then he and others will immediately commence hostilities against the island." You say. also, tl.at “he desires to know whether he is right in persisting in the pursuit of his lawful business, and that if the government shall tell him he must not go, he will not go. If, however, the government says nothing against his going, he will infer he has a right to go.” You say, also, that “he professes to be friendly to me and my administration.” Os the sincerity ot this latter profession one can best judge by reading his letter of the 9th, pub lished in the New York Herald of the 10th inst. : But in regard io the chief matters of your let ter permit me to say that, in the first place, I do not admit the right of Mr. Law or any other pri vate citizen, to threaten a war on his own ac count, for the purpose of seeking redress for real | or imaginary injuries, and then to call upon the . government to say whether it approves or dis- I approves of such conduct, and assume its appro bation unless the act is forbidden. The Const]- j tution of the United States has vested in Con- I | gress alone the power ofideclaring,war,and neith- I , er the Executive branch ot the government, nor i : Mr. Law, has any right to usurp that power by j j commencing a war without its authority; and if ■ he shall attempt it, it will be my duty, as it is j my determination to exert all the power confided I ; to the Executive government by the Constitu- ■ tion and laws, to prevent it. lam resolved, at ( every hazard, to maintain our rights in this con- ■ l troversy as against Spain, and I am equally re- I solved that no act of our citizens shall be permit- i ted to place this government in the wrong. Mr. j Law has an undoubted risrht to pursue his lawful i jjttw ud» ail uuuuuuttu ngui io pursue nis iswiui ; business; but when a question is raised between i this government aud a foreign nation as to I whether the business which he pursues is lawful, , . or pursued in a lawful manner, the decission of j that question belongs to the two governments I ' and not to him. If the object be to assert his I ( right to enter the port of Havana with such per- | ' sons as he may choose to select, in defiance of | the laws and government of Spain, he has cer taiuly done euons»h.tAau»w'«<- lue dec.eiou 'oi trie governments of Spain and the United States; and the negotiation has al- s ready commenced, and our rights, as we under- j stand them, have been asserted, and, as I said ( before, will be maintained; but the act of this ( government cannot be controlled by the inter- ( ference of any individual; and it is entirely un- j necessary that Mr. Law should repeat these at tempts for the purpose of setting this controver sy, and if he wilfully does so, and in so doing 1 violates the laws ol a foreign nation within its own jurisdiction, and thereby loses or forfeits his vessel, he can expect no indemnity for such an act of folly from this government. We regulate the terms and conditions upon which all foreign vessels shall enter our ports, and we fix the penalties for a violation of our laws; and the right to do so we shall never suf fer to be questioned by foreigners, and we do not question their’s to do the same thing. He must ! wait the result of the negotiations betw'een the ; two governments. This is a question not to be settled between him and Cuba, nor even between i the United States and Cuba, but between the I United States and Spain, which alone is respon : sible tor tbe conduct of the Governor of Cuba. X write in some haste, as the mail is closing ; j but you aie at liberty to make known the con itentsol this letter to Mr. Law, and to inform him, that as a good citizen, I presume he will not attempt any violation of our neutrality laws, by attacking Cuba. 1 am tiuly, yours, (Signed) .MILLARD FILLMORE. The Herald speaking of the excitement caused by the above correspondence, says: Quite a brisk little breeze of excitement was raised in this great metropolis yesterday, by the publication of the very extraordinary letter from the President Os the United States to Col lector Maxwell, in reference to Mr. George Law aud the Crescent City difficulty. That letter, for the fullest information of our readers, we re publish this morning. We also give a correct statement of the conversation between Mr. Law and Mr. Maxwell, which has been misrepresen ted, and, under this misrepresentation, appears to have been one of the reasons for the publica tion of the letter; also letters from Mr. Postmas ter Brady, relative to the mails, and one from Judge Sharkey, our Consul at Havana. The President defines his position in the mat ter, if in no other, witk considerable nerve and firmness. He will not permit Mr. George Law, on his own private account, to make war upon Spain, even if it should require the whole com bined strength of the army and navy of the United States to stop him. This, prima facie, is sound doctrine. A private citizen has no right to levy war against a foreign power, especially if his object be to drag the government into his quarrel ; and the energetic tone with which the President discusses the question very clearly shows that he is not to be trifled with any lon ger upon this question. Congress is the war making power ; and the Collector is author ized to inform Mr. I.aw of that fact. In a word, the President is determined to submit to every exaction and every outrage which the Cuban authorities have committed, or may commit, against our commerce or our eitizens, until the meeting of Congress. The whole business is to be turned over into their hands. Mr. Fillmore is resolved that he will not assume the respon sibility himself, and that nobody else shall do it, and thus bring him into the scrape, lie will preserve our relations of peace with Spain, right or wrong, at the risk of war with the whole California Steamship Company, of which Mr. George Law is the energetic chief. To this end, the Havana mails are removed from the company’s ships to the Isabel, of the Charleston line ; and it is reported that the con tingent sale by government of some 200,000 muskets, more or less to Mr. Law, is to be quash ed, and that the muskets are to be taken out of his possession, and returned to the United States arsenal at Washington for safe-keeping. Thus, in addition to the army and navy combined against him, (excepting the Japan expedition the flag ship of which has sailed), Mr. George Law is to be disarmed in the very outset, and is declared an outlaw, if, on his own account, he shall attempt to run Purser Smith and the Cres cent City or Cherokee into Havana, in the teeth of the Moro. The fate of the fifty deluded men slaughtered in front of the Castle of Atares, un der cover of our President’s proclamation, will, we apprehend, be very apt to bring Mr. Law to a surrender. What is the ruin of a steamship company to the President, if he can keep out of a scrape thereby? A private citizen of the United States, disarmed of his muskets, deprived of his contract, and rebuked and outlawed by his government, is hardly a match for the army and navy, the President and his Cabinet, and the Spanish authorities of Cuba, all combined. He must succumb, and “ wait a little longer.” Mr. George Law, however has not gone reck lessly into this business. He asked advice and counsel of the government, and they give him no 1 answer, excepting a very offensive one, to an in i' offensive citizen, entitled as such to the protect ion of the government. The administration is, therefore, responsible for the present state of . things. Ifit had made known its objects and jrolicy in season, Mr. Law would have acted dif ferently. But the Presidential election was, un fortunately, in the way for a considerable time: ■ and hence the discretion allowed to the steam- I ship company, and the mystery which involved 1 the designs of the government till the election was over. Viewed in any light, the eourse pur- sued by thiYSdministratioii in this matter, froi) I- begining to end, has been very weak and Ji. p graceful, and worse than useless, either for Cu preservation of peace or the maintenance of th " honor and dignity of the country—bothlri wine '* are In a tn9asure|-acrifieed.by the vaseiilating po- • licy ot the administration. In Hie meantime, everything being conceded to the Spanish authorities of Cuba which they have demanded, we should like to know what ' the Cabinet aie negotiating about. Is it a new J treaty for the protection of Cuba, or what 1 What is it 1 And why is the British fleet in ' creased in those waters ? [From the Conslitulionalitltf Sep/. 6, 1845.] I Railroad Improvements of Georgia. , The Railroad improvements of Georgia, here tofore but little noticed abroad,begin tention in different parts of the Union. Ihe rapid progress of these improvements recently is creating an interest r» the right direction, and ’ we are encouraged with the hope, that Georgia 1 will yet reach the honors, and realize the profits , of one of the greatest improvements of the age . Doctor James Overton of Nashville, lately ;. a very able speech in that city, which exhibits a thorough acquaintance with the whole subject, and shews in a very striking light, the impor -1 tant bearingot these improvements upon the in terests of his own State, and those of the most populous and fertil i portion of the great Valley ofthe Mississippi 1 The object of this speech, —which I am pleased too see extensively re-pub lished, —was to impress upon the people of Ten ncssee, the importance and expediency of build ing a railroad from Nashville to Chattanooga,— And all intelligence recently received from that quarter, encourages the belief, that the route :« practicable, and that the road will be built. * * * * *■j ■* * . k. ho„w»ver, there tte a reasonable prosJWW' j the extension of the road to Nashville, the wh® aspect of the question would seem to be change In that case the road should certainly progrest to completion, and, upon mere Jinaniriai cmuiderai lions, it should be finished by the State itself. Itv would become not only one of the most impor-1 tant in many senses, but also one of the^/iostpro- V filablc roads in the Union 1 What a vast field of patronage would encircle the North-western extremity of this road! Nashville, seated at the head of navigation on the Cumberland, and encircled by a country of inexhaustible fertility for a great extent around—offering a choice ot markets to the exporter, and the quickest and shortest passage to the Atlantic, by many days, and many hundred miles, —bringing her heavy groceries from the Gulf, and her dry goods through the Atlantic ports, must become a great inland depot for both imports and exports, and speedily rise to the rank of one ofthe finest in land cities in the Union. Such an inland city at the western terminus of the line, would powerfully aid the other un equalled advantages of the location. Nashville is situated nearly on a direct line between Au gusta and St. Louis, and is consequently on the nearest route from that city to the ports of Sav vannab and Charleston. This route would, there fore, not only draw into it a rich trade from East and West Tennessee, North Alabama, and the southern counties of Kentucky, but would also draw some trade from Ohio, central Kentucky, Missouri, and the southern part of Illinois. And being open at all seasons of the year, would, at some seasons, when other channels are obstruct ed by ice or low water, draw a great deal of trade from the section last named. It would at all times draw a heavy travel, not only from all those sections of country, but from Arkansas, the upper part of the Mississippi, and in fact from the whole range of country,between Ozark and the Rocky Mountains! None will doubt the great extent of the travel from these regions. A glance at the map settles that question. All know that ex pedition, cheapness, and certainty, will secure that: but some have doubted whether much trade could be drawn from countries bordering on the Mississippi and its tributaries, with their cheap steamboat navigation to ihe Gulf. Such persons have not acquainted themselves with the great advantages of the Atlantic over the Gulf ports. ' Those unaccustomed to details, may draw some , idea of these advantages from the well know ■ fact, that many experts go to New York ftom j CincinuaZi. rather than to New Orleans 1 In- , stead of running down to New Orleans, without i tianshipment, and at the lowest freight, perhaps i in the world, on an inland line of the same 1 length, we find them sometimes struggling up a 1 low river to Portsmouth, then transhipped and * ...... i a.l _ al i ..j :i „< carried more than three hundred miles on the Canal to the lake, from there by steamboat to Buffalo, from there by Canal to Albany, from there by steamboat to New York 1 These are generally heavy articles of provisions,and we find them carried 12 or 1300 miles, partly over artifi cial improvements of immense cost, and umler going four transhipments, in preference to going to a Gulf port in less time, —without tranship aua»to*M»kfcira^actfo n "*thn irnfo^tah—fcgn-gt 3 Strange as this may seem, merchants under stand the matter perfectly well. As it may not, however, be so well understood by planters aud farmers, I will, for their information, give a comparative statement of what would be the earnings of a ship from Liverpool—say of 700 tons, making a trip to a Gult and an Atlantic port, at the same rate of freight. Comparative statement of what a ship of 700 tons will earn in a voyage from Liverpool to Charleston (an Atlantic port.) and to New Orleans (a Gulf port.) Liverpool to Charleston, giving four months for the voyage. Interest four months on value of ship, say $25,000, at 6 per cent 500 00 Sailing ship: being seamen’s wages, &e. Ac., SI,OOO per month 4,000 00 Insurance on ship out and home, per cent 447 50 Port charges, (wharfage, pilotage, Ac.) 450 00 Staring bales cotton to the ton, 2,275 bales, at 10c 227 50 Compressing same at 50 cents per bale . 1,137 50 Commissions on freight, 2,215 bales, averaging 380 each,864,509 lbs. at jd. stg. $8,645, at 2J per cent 216 12 Com. on disbursements in Charleston 45 37 Expenses of voyage, less charges in Liverpool $7,023 99 Cargo, 2,275 bales, weighing 380 each, at jd. stg. freight, and 5 per cent, primage 9,077 00 Net profits of Charleston voyage $2,054 01 Same ship un a voyage to Neu- Orleans. Interest for five months on value of ship, $25,000, at 6 per cent 625 00 One month extra wear and taro of ship, (usual estimate) J per cent 187 50 Five months sailing ot ship, SI,OOO per month $5,000 00 Insurance from and back to Liverpool, 2 J per cent 687 50 Port charges, (pilotage, marketing. Ac.) 600 00 Towing in from and out to Balize, $425 and $212 50 637 50 Storing 2,275 bales cotton at 30 cents.. 682 50 Compressing same, at 50 cents each.... 1,137 50 Commissions on freight, 2,275 bales, 440 each, at jd. stg., $9,191 at 5 p.ct. 459 55 Com. on disbursements, $3,517 05, at 5 par cent 185 85 Charges at New Orleansslo,2o2 90 Freight $9,191, and 5 per cent, primage 9,650 00 Loss 552 90 Here we see that the same ship that would make a profit of $2,054 01 on a voyage to Charleston, would, at the some rate of freight, make a loss of $552 90 on a voyage to New Orleans. And this, notwithstanding a cargo of cotton affords a comparison more favorable to New Orleans than perhaps any other. The heavy square bales of that port giving an ad vantage in weight of cargo, as may be seen, equal to $546. The consequence is, that freight is necessarily higher, and of course produce of the same yuality, lower' in the Gulf th-inilli ■ tic ports. These are obvious disadvantages, which can be accounted for by figures, and facts known and tangible. Say, 1. Difference of interest from increased length of voyage. 2. Difference in sailing ships for same reason. 3. Heavy difference in insurance for the dangers of passing the Straits and Keys of Florida. 4. Enormous charge for towing to and from the Balize. 3. Difference port charges. 6. Difference in charges for storing, commissions, &c. &c. But there arc other advantages in the Atlantic ports, still more important, but not so easily es timated. An intelligent correspondent doing business in New Orleans, speaking on this subject, says: i The saving of interest, freight, insurance, tow , age, landing charges, &c. &c., are not the only I advantages of an Atlantic port, but being so much nearer the great consuming markets of the world, the demand is always more active, > and presents many advantages to the merchant, as lie can promptly avail himself of any late in telligence, and actually have his shipment near- i Jy to Europe, before the New Orleans shipper will have passed the Balize 1 This is much felt, • and duly appreciated by the merchants of New , Orleans,” &c. It will readily be perceived that > the advantages above enumerated, do not apply i to cotton alone, but equally to all other products, f and apply still stronger, to provisions, a principal s product of the West. The same correspondent I adds— 4 ' And again : the tedious passage of the / Gulf in rummer, is very prejudicial to the ship r merit of grain and provisions. After the month 1 of May, it may be safely assumed, that 50 per . cent, of the Hour and corn exported, becomes sour and heated,” &c. In the language of an intelligent merchant of 1 of Huntsville, 44 No one can estimate the disad o vantages of the Gulf ports, but those who have - been confined to them.” Look, lor instance, at the charges upon a i, planter of North Alabama, above the shoals: j He usually pays freight per 100 lbs. 62 i 1 Insurance 1J perct. - The returns are so slow and uncertain that the custom is to draw at six months, —loss of interest 4 perct. - Commissions for accepting 2) per ct. J Commissions for selling per ct. n Landing charges, ner bale 40 cents. Apply these chargss to an aetual shipment, storage, mending, &c„ and take off i | loss A. a j J)er cent per lb - n tbo M forth( S . V ,‘,Ar as " 01 a ( ’ u!f P° rt > then inn cut thi -i—°.. a > net hal«.>ce,and really it would seen . i th- IWeu. low. prices, but verv li«4' left. Hail . be , ! a “t«ge of a ra-i.c;?!*- rwetirte W, „rirS l! he coul,) e° wM on to ,■ , mark* sell h ls own co tton if he pi? ;cd to do t ' ld man J other of ;be exorb.tant charges ’b“ numerated—get the price ol i nh < ftwcportj—purchase his supplier, and re ' rfv'il m " ioa few days. Is it at all stMige, I tbs; North Alabama friends are feeling a i ggAuti MeS t P ro S ress of’®®"’ improve- Spe ing ofthe disadvantages uuddr which AVI ' laUatna labors, a correspondent says: [2? ' o , k,s Sood Mto cotton from North Ala- good as to other produce, and from arc other points. Let us consider for a what would be the rtsu't to all the ithin one bundled miles of a railroad ffitAX-fitsta to Nashville, Tennessee,” &c. Jy irf q run S ou t these consequences with qjueb. j merit and ability, but as they will be uua.from what has been said, I need not extend s article by repeating them. In fact I have e; ided this communication much longer ' ended. My object is only to introduce tiri sitq t and press it upon the enquiring intelli g< i’C '” ie country. I hope it may be taken ;,n—Sr-Aler hands. Some of our intelligent do much more justice to it. 1 hsvciv*;ve many of my facts from them, and ■uw 7 nf ? iei m ? rit in using tkem » than that ° f Yd * f°.B' ve them a proper application, .1 . ’importance ot the conclusions to It tl?*T' l am Indebted for many im l.j. i-qg '• _g> a friend doing business in New -V*** '■■■ <-iii'..<«- toS„.jß|'''lip,s, therefore, practically qualified to sp'aiN ti’pfn the comparative advantages of the ts rtf and Atlantic ports. Ttis is a subject of deep interest to the South and West, and big with consequences to the so- Lcial and commercial relations of these sections of |the Union. Should this contemplated road be Vbuilt to Nfshville, we are on the eve of a great fomtnercN revolution, two little thought of by tfe greatfnias.' of our people.* Without it even, wt may loon look for a vast accession to our trail’. »i'> this day, lam informed, the Georgia will unite with the State Road, 173 milei.fiin Augusta. In a few weeks, the State Road villbe finished beyond the Hightower, and in a few weeks more, it will reach the Oostenau ie rivefndar New Echota—and within about forti Jiiles «f the Tennessee line! The rich Valiftof Eait Tennessee, will then pour down theij surplus’ products to the head of the road, and inurt, iieeafter. derive their principal sup plies from tie South Atlantic cities. lam glad to h«ar that bur merchants are preparing for this enlarged irade from the West. Asguja jnssesses unequalled advantages as a depot, foievery description of export. The same ndvastaas which have recommended Augusta so stroi jly to the planter as a cotton market, equally toevery other product intend ed far a Snign market. A sound currency, and abundant ffbital, ensures fair competition and full Sirices T he wishes to sell, and if he wish es to hold, Jean do so at a very low rate of store age,! nd ir re-proof warehouses, equal to any in tbi- Uni n. By holding at Augusta, lie has the i.lvant ge ot a constant choice of seaports, and can, atthe shortest notice, avail himself of thqjemporiry advantages of either. No location coni ptttfcfcny offer more advantages as a depot fortxport than Augusta, and certainly no part of ournpulation should have more cause than its merchants, to rejoice at the extention of our itn prtfements: which must so greatly increase not ot 1 the quantity, but the variety of its exports. Atlantic. Otic (f the largest property holders in New Or loas?, it|s well known there, sold out a very large amlunt of property the past year. A friend, who wain Jqw Orleans last winter, informed me, that he ®ked|iim his reasons, lie answered that the exteutiuq of northern improvements, particularly the B 4 tqs fend Albany Railroad, had already ta ken wjci trade from the upper tributaries of the Mississipri,—that others were progressing,—and, if the Georgia line should be extended to Nash ville, (fhih he thought highly proboble,) it would tap thefi’iiley, at its very heart, and the advantages ofthe 4tlMitic over the Gulf ports were so great, that hddiinot know what the consequences might [ bo to New Orleans. He was certain, at any rate, that it iuust powerfully cheek the growth of the I citv. I city. [Ccn esfondence of the Charleston Mercury.\ Washington, Nov. 26. The controversy with Cuba is the chief topic of disctiiion in political circles, in connection with th > Lemmon case, which is still on the tapis. The last phase of the Crescent City af fair WS oeen thq withdrawal.of J’jused Midshi p ,,1-ai DJimioar'- trnm.the coWwaw* JL" MfuFa! i IJI ! ‘ r. - JibA- kwr- "tjefweer Za Adminisfrilron and George Law. The Administration now seems determined to thoWthe onus on the man of millions, and wipe if own hands of the quarrel. This is the udroitei move yet made, but whether it is the most dirnified or proper, under the circumstan ces, is mother matter. The Government has permittld itself to become implicated in this quarrel,tnd it would seem rather a shuffling way of getting out of it, by throwing the whole burden Oi the broad shoulders of its contractor. He stanis the load, however, like a grim old “grizzly’ as he is, and is understood to persist in sending the individual William Smith” to Havana ;o long as his ships go. The Crescent City is rt>w undergoing repaiis,and the Cherokee will takj her place to-morrow, but Smith goes in her. She will be commanded by some mer chant Cipkiinof Law’s appointment. It is ski here to-day, on good authority, that orders hake been sent from the Department to the effeetthat the Company, of which Law is the head, are bound, under the terms of their contract.'to afford safe and certain transporta tion for' the mails to Havana; that notice has been givm that the presence of Purser Smith on board omiof those ships will prevent hpr being admitted; and that, therefore, in such event, the maiil shall be sent by the Isabel. This takes a siort turn on the Company, involves the I risk of images, and possibly forfeiture of that most contract, and may, therefore, [ bring ufl that individual all standing. Law is the heactand controlling spirit of the concern; but the afcirs of the Company are managed by a BoaidJnd Mr. Edwin Croswell, Mr. Marshall O. Rogers, and others, are also influential, aud hold interests. It is possible, under this new phay- of tbe business, that the President ol the Com* ny may be overruled, and the Spanish Governmfnt have the satisfaction of a triumph at last. Vi 'aether this finale will redound to the credit and character of our Government, or tend to create a more harmonious feeling on the part of our people towards the Spanish rulers of Cuba, is an open question. Fillibusterism could have no more efficient ally than the truckling timidi ty and vasi.illating conduct of an Administration whose approaches and retrogrades are all made in serpentine, not straight lines. Nor will the pride of our people be satisfied by an escape from collision by such a dodge as this, followed as it will be by gasconading and jeering reflec tions on jl‘ . part of the Diario and other Cuban presses, whose insolence is more glaringly ap parent always than their blind stupidity. Another blow’ has been stricken by the Ad ministratfen at the Annexation of Cuba, even by legitirfcte means, by the publication of the Secret Diplomatic Correspondence of all our Ministers'll relation to the acquisition of Cuba by purchfce. It is something almost unheard of in the artfials ofdiplomacy, that in a game like this, the whole hand should be so clearly shown, and everjthing laid baie to the inspection of the powers with which we are to treat, and against which we are to act. President Fillmore and hisadvifars in the exercise of that “sound dis .. xiett iB"I i: .T!ll matters, have delib- erately jtven | üblicity to the most material parts ot that Diplomatic correspondence, and at a time, and in away, to increase the obduracy of Spain, strengthen the opposition of other Foreign Pow ers, and baffle the purposes which the incoming administration may well be supposed to enter- tain relative to its peaceful acquisition. The purpose is patent on the face of this proceeding, it is the bolifestand most mischievous movement yet made by this beaten and almost annihilated faction to throw obstacles in the path of its suc cessors. Never before has such a revelation been made of the private policy of the Government, and the sanctity of private correspondence might better have been violated than the secresy of this. Mischievous in all respects as this publi cation must be, it.is difficult to calculate its ex tent as a dead-weight on this whole matter of Cuban annexation. Reference of course is had to the document published two days since, con taining the diplomatic correspondence on this subject from 1822 up to this time. Fatal Affray—A Man Shot at Cross Keys.—W e learn that a difficulty occurred at Cross Keys, on Wednesday, 24th ult., between George W.Evans and James Lowry, in which the latter was killed and the former badly wound ed. It seems that an ill feeling had existed some time between the parties, and on meeting at Cross Keys the old quarrel was renewed. Some angry words had passed between them, when Evans, who had a gun in his hands warned Low ry not to approach him or he would shoot him. Lowry disregarded the threat, advanced a few steps, and Evans taking deliberate aim shot him through the right breast. Lowfy alter being shot did not lalHmmediately, but drew a pistol, ad vanced andplacing it within a few inches ofEv ans’ head, Would have shot him had not a brother of the latter, coming up at the instant, knocked aside his arm. In the meantime Evans had drawn a knife and immediately stabbed Lowry three times. —Lowry gathering his strength fora last effort, also drew a bowie knife, and stabbed Evans in the face, the blade of the knife enter ing his eye Jockel just beneath the eye, and pass ing dowh ward through the roof of his mouth. Immediately upoa giving the last blow, Lowry fell to the gfotind and expired, and Evans turned and attempted to escape, but was pursued and caught. An Inquest was held on the spot and gave a verdict of wilful murder. Evans was committed to jail, at Decatur, to await his trial, at the next term of the Superior Court, for this county.-- Manta Intelligtiuvr, 2d inst. (From the Columbus Enquirer, 30th ult.] The Freshet. , yfe have been visited during -‘he past week with one of the most disastrous freshets which has been known in this section of country for years. In 1841 the Chattahoochee rose to a greater height, though it did less damage to our city, or to tne planting interests adjacent to said river. On Wednesday evening the rain commenced falling in heavy showers, and kept up its lick with slight inteimissfon till sometime in the af ternoon of Friday. About noon of Thursday, a portion of the Canal wall together with the flume of Winter’s Palace Mill were carried away, and in their course swept off the bridge connecting the East bank of the river with the Variety Works —thus cutting frofio all communication with the shore, some dozen or more workmen and one lit tle boy, who were in the Variety Works build ing at the time. By the active and timely ef forts ot our citizens, however, and at no incon siderable peril, they were, just before night set in, all.safely set on terra firma. By Friday morn ing, a great portion of the stone wall of the canal was washed down and the whole completely covered with a wild rushing current of water. Thus in the short space of 36 hours, was an im mense outlay of capital and labor rendered use less, and the whole machinery, of our Cotton Mills and other works stopped for no one can tell how; long.* But the damage does not end with this injury to our city. We hear of great quantities of Cotton carried off from plantations , on the river below, and in some instances the Gin houses with considerable amounts of Cot ton, both in the bale and in the seed. One of the steamers plying on the river, some days since while on her downward passage laden with Pot ton, stryek a snag, just above Snake ShMte. aniTX sunk, but by the unttriirg'cxeYei«ms’vrY l and crew’, a large portion of the cargo was put on shore. It is feared that the sudden rise in the river has swept off the greater part if not the whole of the Cotton thus landed. An agent of the Insurance Companies was dispatched to look after so much of the cargo as was saved, but the rapid rising of the waters, and the position of all the crafts upon the river at the time, rendered it impossible to reach the point. Some damage was also done to the Muscogee Railroad, but we suppose it has all been repaired, as the cars com menced their regular trips again on Sunday eve ning.—Our communications by telegraph, by railroad and by stage, have been so much inter rupted, in every direction, that it is impossible to tell the amount of damage, public and private, that has been done. At this season of the year, many ol the planters on the river have conside rable portions of their Cotton crop upon the banks ready for shipment, and no doubt much loss has been sustained by them from their ina bility to remove it from the rapidly rising wa ters. Many planters also, we learn, had not gathered their Corn, and much of this is proba bly destroyed. All things considered, this is perhaps the most destructive freshet which has ever occurred in our river. Whether like dam age has been done upon other streams, we have as yet, had no means of ascertaining. *P. S. Since the above was written, the wa ter in the river has gone dow n rapidly, and we are glad to learn that the Coweta Falls Factory has sustained little or no damage, and operations were resumed, as usual, yesterday morning. We regret that we cannot say the same of the other Factories in the vicinity. SuMTKRVILLE, Nov. 27. Dreadful Explosion.— On Monday last, about 3 o’clock, p. m., occurred one of those fatal acci dents from steam, which form so large an item in the history of the working of this powerful agent, which has been rendered tributary to the uses of man, but which has only been partially subjected to bis control. The Steam Mill lately constructed about three miles from this place by our enterprising fellow-citizen, Mr. Thomas J. Coghlan, was literally shattered into fragments by the bursting of the boilers. The loss was a heavy one for him, but we have no doubt was far less felt than the loss of life. One negro was killed instantly, and two others died in the course of twenty-four hours after the explosion. Two other negroes were seriously injured, and also two white men. The negroes that were killed, belonged to Mrs. Logan, Mr. Joseph B. , White, andT. J. Coghlan. The wounded, both white and black, are doing well. The cause of the explosion, as usual, is involved in much mys- Icry. The hands were about to suspend opeia- I tious for dinner, and were blowing off steam. lIUUO UUIIIGI, *AHX* »GIO VIWV. VA* The boilers were however, old ones, and one of the set—three in number —had exploded some four years since and was repaired, and used in the construction of this mill. VVe understand that all three of the boilers exploded at the same instant, scattering the fragments to great dis tances, and producing a noise which was heard at the distance of twelve or fourteen miles, and <ntii the trm 4cn<>wn._was__sip'P’'«>»<l I '~foT>e (JUIBill Iffliraer. The shock at the village was very severe.— Watchman. Electoral College.—The Electors for this State met yesterday at the State House and or ganized by selecting the Hon. Wilson Lumpkin, President, and Mr. Joseph T. Nisbet, of this city, Secretary. Messrs. Foreman, Clark, and Schley, were not in attendance at the opening of the College. They were doubtless detained by the interruption to public travel by the freshet. The College passed the following resolution, viz : Resolved, That the Electoral College of the State of Georgia, will meet on Wednesday, the Ist proximo, at 12 o’clock, in the Seriate Cham ber, to cast the vote of this Slate for President and Vice President of the United States for the four years ensuing from the Ith of March, JrS53, and that notice thereof be given in the papers of the city of Milledgeville, and that the public are invited to attend.— Milledgeville Recorder, 30th ult. Executive Appointment.— Peter E. Love, Esq., of Thomas, has been appointed by the Gov ernor, Judge of the Southern Circuit, vice Aug. H. Hansell, resigned. The Governor has, it will be observed, also issued a proclamation ordering the election of a J udge by the people of the circuit, to take place on the first Monday in January next, un der the new law.— lb. Freshet. —During last week we had another freshetj making the fourth this year—the first occurred in April, the second the last of May the third in August, and the fourth commenced last Wednesday. The rain began to fall about sundown that day, and it continued without in termission for thirty-six hours, resulting in the greatest fall of rain at one time, since 18-10. Travelling was necessarily suspended and busi ness much curtailed during the residence of the week. We anticipate hearing of much damage in the loss of bridges, &c.— lb. \Fromthe Federal Union, 30th t</Z ] Aggregate Vote. We are indebted to Col. Arthuy Hood of the Executive Department, for the'following ag gregate vote for the Electors. The votos of Troup & Hancock have not yet bden received —Macon and Puloski are irregular. , All, how ever, included below. \ regular democratic tick Kt. Johnson 33.843 Haralson ... \.33,888 Lumpkin33,B26 Brown Foreman33,B32 Mitchell33,B7l ■ C1ark33,835 F10urn0y35,829 Lamar33,B62 Schley33,B4s I UNION DEMOCRATIC TICKET. . W0ff0rd5,773 Singletons,7Bl ■ Millers,7Bo Holseys,Boo Chisolms,7B4 W0rd5,781 1 Irwins77s Slaughter 5,785 Lawhons,7sß Thomass,777 1 WHIG. , Crawlordls,779 Simmsls,79B Harrisls,soß Trippels,7Bß . Waltheurls,7B6 Dupreels,772 ; Warrenls,777 F05ter15,772 ■ Hardemanls,776 Evansls,7s6 INDEPENDENT TICKET. Cumming 3,289 Fannin 3,059 Hill 5,290 Strong 5,107 Sharpe .5,272 Harris 5,302 Brown 5,275 Floyd 5,288 p oe 5,302 Lemle 5,280 TROUP & QUITMAN TICKET. Tucker 119 Hutchings 115 Jones 118 Fouche 115 Cooper 126 Billups 115 Culverhouse 115 Bryant 125 Rain. During the past week a very large quantity of rain has fallen. It commenced about 8 o’clock on Wednesday evening and continued without intermission until Friday morning. We do not recollect ever to have seen more wa ter fall in the same length of time. We hear of considerable damage done in carrying away mills and bridges. The Ocmulgee rose some 18 ; or 20 feet, and the trestle work erected tor put ting up the Railroad Bridge was carried away —but without doing any serious damage to the Bridge. We fear that the Central Railroad has been°seriously damaged, as we have had no cars through from Savannah for several days. We i understand that a considerable portion of the su : perstructure has been washed up between Ten nelle and Davisboro,’ in Washington county. • There are now some four or five Northern mails r due. , , , -in 1 We understand there has been considerable I damage done to the South-Western Railroad—a r gentleman who came through from Oglethorpe, t informs us there are thirty-one breaks in the 1 road between Oglethorpe and Marshallville, anil - that in a number of places the sand is washed - over the track to the depth of three or four teet. He also informs us that Flint river was very z high ■ that at Oglethorpe it was within three J feet of the Railroad Bridge, and rising Sunday J morning. „ . _ , d We have had no Western mail since Tuesday s last. We learn that the damage done to the I, Macon nnd Western Rond was very slight, rhe s curs on this road have made their usual trips. I Mason Telegraph,'JOth ult. VOL. XXXI NEW IS ErS#Z VOL [From the Jfew Orleans Picayune, 21th ult.] Arrival of tha Falcon Later from California. c The U. S. Mail steamer falcon, Hanry Rod -1 gers. U. S. N., commanding, arrived-thia morn r ing, bringing the U. S. mail of the Ist inst., and 1 the passengers of steamships California and Nor- J therner. The Falcon brings 250 passengers and 1 $350,000 on freight and hi the hands of passen gers. She left Aspin wail oh the evening of the 1 19th inst. The steamers Georgia and Northern Light left the evening of the 18th for New York via Kingston. The Georgia had about 300 pas -1 sengers and $2,500,000 on freight, besides a large 1 amount in the hands of passengers; the North ern Light had about 100 passengers. There is something of interest stirring at As fiinwall. The health is good and the prospect ooks well for a busy winter. Among the pas sengers in the Georgia is Senator Gwm, of Cali fornia. Among the passengers of the Falcon is the famous troup of Chinese jugglers. The com pany consists of twenty persons, male and fe male r and their performances are «aid to be the most astonishing that have ever been witnessed on the American continent. They exhibited a few nights in San Francisco afid Sacramento cities to the largest audiences that ever assem bled together in California. It is the purpose of the managers to present them to the people of New Orleans at an early day. Accompanying the magicians is a Chinese dwarf, twenty years oi age, and less than three feet in height. All the joints of bis body are doubled ; he is remar kably intelligent, and is rapidly acquiring a knowledge ofthe English language. By the arrival of the U. S. Mail steamship Falcon, we have received dates from San Fran cisco to the Ist inst. , a.— Tb? Herald says . K . J “ jP‘ a ' l ucnKr v.’ .Ju ’ gold.ff.rffWMJ lI.URJW'LA ■f filffbig off, seert» ttf’be\teidify on-the increase. ’ The shipment, during the month of October just passed, reached the large sum of $4,679,212, and from the amount taken by the California to-day, it is evident that this will be increased to full $5,500,000 for the present month—by far the largest amount ever shipped from our port with in the same period of time. We are glad to learn that the sickness which prevailed to such an alarming extent among the immigrants has almost entirely ceased. Frosts have been frequent about Yreka and have exer ted a very beneficial effect upon the health of the country. Three quartz mills have recently commenced operations in Scott valley. One of them is producing gold in abundance. We had shown to us the other day a magnifi cent lump of gold, slightly intermixed with quartz, weighing 9 lbs. 6 oz. and 18 dwts. It was found by Messrs. H. L. Boyes and Wm. Cole on Mad Ox Canon. Thus in three weeks we have had the pleasure of noticing, as having been taken from this canon, four large lumps of gold worth in the aggregate upwards of $4,000, viz : one of SSOO, one of 51,200, one of S7OO and one (this last) of $1,850. The San Francisco Herald publishes the fol lowing reply of the officers ot the Fourth Regi ment of Infantry to the charges made against them by the Panama Herald of August 17th. At a meeting of the officers of the 4th Regi ment of U. S. Infantry, at the headquarters of the Regiment, Celufobia Barracks, Oregon, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted. Whereas, An articie has appeared in the New York Express, copied from the Panama Herald, of August 17th, stating that while the 4th Regi ment of Infantry was crossing the Isthmus of Panama, in July, the men were “deserted by every commissioned officer, and left alone in command of the non-commissioned officers ;” that the men “gave way to every species of in dulgence” that “ the rations which had been prepared on the steamer at Navy Bay were either thrown away or sold for liquor by those who were too lazy or too feeble to carry them on the roadthat at Elamenco Island “the neglect and unofficer like conduct of the com missioned officer was conspicuous,” &c., thereby intending to reflect infury on the character of the officers—Therefore. Resolved, That the article which appeared i the Panama Herald, of August 17th, in reference to the 4th Infantry, is a scandalous and malicious falsehood. Resolved, That the following are the facts con • cerning the passage of the troops across the Isthmus. 1. The Pacific Mail Steamship Company re ceived the contract lor transporting the troops from New York to California, but failed to trans port the baggage from Cruces to Panama. In v - consequence of this failure the Quartermaster of the regiment was obliged to enter into a contract for its transportation with the Alcalde of Cruces, and while the troops left with the baggage were waiting at Cruces, a number of them died of cholera. 2. All the officers of the regiment with the ex ceptiua cf three—one who was sick,'“another ’ '.•-hoiescorted the families of the officers, find 2i.e Regimental Quartermaster, who was detained at Cruces to take charge of the baggage—accompa nied the troops, and slept with them “in’heopen air and on the damp ground,” and shared with them the fatigues of the march. 3. Every possible effort was made to prevent the troops from indulging in eating fruit or drink ing liquor, and in but*few instances were these efforts unsuccessful. 4. The Regimental Quartermaster was the last officer who left Cruces, he having been obliged to stay there five days in the discharge of his official duties. ~ 5. Two officers, betide a physician, staid with the sick at Flamenco Island night and day. As several of the officers were sick, one of whom died, this duty was in every instance cheerfully performed by those who were well. Resolved, That these resolutions be forwarded to the Adjutant General, with the lequest that they be published in tbe National Intelligencer, and that we deem it justice to the regiment that they be published by the New York Express, and other papers into which the article from the Panama Herald has been copied. H. D. WALLEN, Capt. 4th Infantry, President of the meeting. T. R. McConnel, Adjt. Ith Infantry, Sec’y. Newspapers were received in San Francisco from the United States byway of the city of Mexico, in advance of the news by the Isthmus steamers. The San Francisco Times and Transcript says; We are in receipt of most cheering intelligence from the mines. The summer is drawing to a close, and all along the rivers which are low, 'housands of miners are laboring. From the north, from the south, from the centre of the western slope of the Sierra, we learn that the river beds and banks are yielding good wages. In isolated lines among the hills, wherever by the energy of our people canals have been dug for the introduction and distribution of water into the hitherto dry diggings, miners are at work also. At the same time, in anticipation of the rains, heaps of dirt are piled up where water can not now be had. These are at present de serted. A few miners only have taken up their winter quarters. The law establishing a branch mint at San Francisco contains one feature in our system of coinage, which is entirely new—that which au thorizes the basting of gofd into bars or ingots, in such a manner as to indicate the value or fineness. As these ingots are to have a definite value, fixed by the authority of the Government, they must necessarily be received for all public dues, and doubtless will constitute a legal tender. The Government Assayer, Mr. Humbert, is now engaged in coining ingots of the value of SSO, of standard fineness. The standard adopted by the Government is 900 thousandeths gold, and 100 alloy. This new coinage will meet the requirements of the recent Treasury order. Tirf:'Weather.—For two weeks past the weather has been unusually cold for the season. ’ But a change has come, and such a change as it is. For twenty-four hours previous to going to press, the rain has fallen in torrents. The bran ches and creeks are overflowing and the Flint is , rising with a rapidity seldomjknown before. Tbe , Stages have all stopped. The Cars on the South : Western Rail Road on their way down, yester ; day morning, was brought to a halt about five 3 miles east of this city, by the washing up of the road. We learn from a passenger, who came down yesterday, that the road is washed up in a dozen places, between Montezuma and the place where the cars stopped. We are threatened with a terrible freshet. If the rain is general, the Harrison freshet in 1841, will have been only a circumstance to it. We await with fearful ap prehension the news from abroad in relation to the destruction of mills, bridges culverts, rail roads, and crops. The destruction of both public and private property will be immense.—Ogle thorpe Democrat, 26th ult. Villainous. —We are informed by a passen ger, that on Friday night last, the Georgia Rail road cars were shot at, somewhere below Double Wells, the contents of the gun or pistol passing through a window immediately in front of a la dy passenger, shattering the glass in her face. The passengers heard two distinct reports, which they supposed to come from the discharge of a pistol. It is a miracle that no person was injur ed, as the cars were very much crowded at the time. We did not suppose there was, within the limits of Georgia, a being so utterly base as to wantonly jeopardize the lives of persons, not one of whom was probably known to him, or could have done him an injury. If that chap could be caught, an application of pitch and fire would be peculiarly applicable to his case.—His exit from this world, should be made in a blaze of glory I — Griffin Union, 2d inst. Rain 1 Rain 1 I —Thursday last was a very rainy day. It commenced to rain about 9 . o’clock Wednesday night, and continued until , Friday evening, at times tailing very rapidly; i the consequence was that the River and Creeks I rose to such a height that we were without a I mail up to Friday morning last. We hear of no damage done throughout the county.— Washing ’ ton Gaxette, 3d inst. t Serious Accident.—We understand that Mr. Edward Perkins, a citizen| of this county, met f with a very serious accident on Wednesdayjlast s The particulars as far as we can ascertain them s are these: Mr. Perkins, together with Mr. Bar - tholomew Bell, Jr., went on a hunting excur- I si«a,th« latter- geutlsnsau, while ia the ast es putting a cap on hie rifleTuSgcjßntly ed, the ball entering the rightfno'ilderbf making its way through the left. We are glad to learn be is doing well, and will recover in a j few days.— lb. ■ ... (Telegraphed for 'the Charleston Courier} I Columbia, Nov. 29. . South Carolina Legislature.— -The Hon. W. F. ■ DeSaussure was elected to-day as U. S. Senator'*'-* > until 4th of March, 1853. : The bills of Messrs. Poppenheim, McCrady, Kershaw, Tillinghast and Keitt respecting Ina ! alteration of the laws and customs relative to the election of Electors for President ard Vice President ofthe United States, which had been made the special order of the day, were brought up, and considered, but the further discussion of the subject was postponed until Thursday. Colombia, Nov. So. Soath-Carolina Legislature —The Ballots were cast for United State Senator for-the long term to-day, but there was no election. Votes were given to Messrs. Evans, Pickens, Chesnut, Ma grath, Preston, Colcock, Rhett, &c. Baltimore, Nov. 30. Obsequies of Mr. Webster al Boston.—' The ob sequies of Mr. Webster took place to-day, Tues day, ot Boston, and were conducted in a style of magnificence hitherto unprecedented inthatcity. New-Orleans, November 20. Cotton, on Wednesday, was active, and after the.receipt ofthe Hermann’s advices fourteen thousand bales were sold at a decline of an eighth of a cent, and strict middling was worth 9$ cents. On Thursday the America/a accounts , ; * ! came to hand and prices were again unsettled, having declined an eighth. The sales compi&ed ten thousand biles. Low Middling was worth , H »»datefoM4iddUt*g frwa42 Rl eetrta.- f f ~Fz, V 1 On Saturday five thousand bales of Cotton 1 were sold at previous rates. Rio Coffee was very activi] and 7000 bags changed hands at from 81 to 9} cents per lb. Bacon- advanced, and Sides were worth 8 J to 9 cents per lb. Freights have advanced, and four ships have been chartered to Liverpool with Cotton at three farthings per lb. Columbia, Dec. 1. * South-Carolina Legislature, &c.—The Electors have elected Augustus Edwards of Spartanburg as the Messenger to carry the vote of the State to Washington. Judge Evans has been elected United State* Senator for the long term on the fourth ballot. The vote stood, Evans 86 ; Chesnut 59. Col. L. M. Keitt, of Orangeburg, introduced to-day, into the House of Representatives, a bill to define the liabilities, duties and obligations of Magnetic Telegraph Companies. The Editorial Convention assembled to-day in Columbia. There is a very full attendance. Baltimore, Dec. 1. Departure of the .dsia.— The British mail steam ship Asia sailed from New York on Wednesday, with $22,000 in specie, and 70 passengers. Among them Sir. Alien McNab. New Orleans, Nov. 29. Louisiana Whig State Convention.— At the Whig Convention held at Baton Rouge on Mon day, to select candidates for the different State offices under the new constitution of Louisiana, Louis Bordelow was nominated for Governor. New Orleans, Nov. 29. Barely 4000 bales of Cotton were soln on Monday, and prices were unchanged. The Bal tic's accounts were received after business. Prime Molasses was worth 23 cents per gallon. Rice was dull at $4.50 per 100 J lbs.—Rip Cof fee was active and advancing. Philadelphia, Nov. 28. Murder Conviction. — Robert Londer, whose trial commenced on Friday in the Court of Oyer and Terminer, for the murder of Henry McCar thy, in a street affray, the jury returning a verdict of manslaughter. James McFadden, concerned in the same affray, is now serving out his sen tence in the Eastern Penitentiary. New York. Nov. 27. Sailing of the Cherokee without the Mails—Pur ser Smith.— The steamer Cherokee sailed to-day tor Havana and New Orleans. She is command ed by Capt. Baxter. Purser Smith is aboard of her. The United States mails are not on board. The steamer Pacific sailed to-day for Europe. She takes out sixty passengers, among whom is Rufus E. Crane, bearer of despatches. She had also on board $150,000 in specie. Easton, Nov. 27. Freshet In Pennsylvania.—There is a freshet in the Deleware river, the water having risen 8 feet, nn,l T nkinh riKPII 1R fppt flt Wll kCS- and the Lehigh river has risen 18 leetat winces barre. The Susquehanna is in good rafting con dition and rising at Lock Haven. The west branch ot the Susquehanna is also on the rise. At Maunch Chunk the Lehigh is 7 feet above low water mark and is rising. Philadelphia, Nov. 28. • DospatchM from Easton, Mauneb Chunk,, Wjlkesbarre, and Lockhaven, speck ol a -grauli rise in the Deleware, Lehigh, and Susquehanna river, equal to from 8 to 10 feet, no damage hail however been yet. Fire. —At about eleven o’clock last night an alarm of fire was given, which, on enquiry, we found proceeded from a stable in the rear of the wooden dwelling house situated on the north side of Calhoun street, between Elizabeth and Meet ing streets, belonging to Abraham North. The flames soon reached the front buildings, commu nicating with the adjoining tenements, all also of wood, the wind blowing high from the north east, destroying some fourteen of them, their progress not being arrested until they arrived at Weston’s two new houses, two doors from Meet ing street, which were saved. Some difficulty occurred in preventing the devouring element from crossing to tbe south side of Calhoun street, and consuming the wooden buildings there—in deed, one house was burnt, but by the strenuous exertions of the firemen the rest were preserved. The two and a half storied wooden building, used as a school house, situathd on the east-side of Meeting street opposite Burn’s-lane, had a narrow escape. The roof having caught five several times from the flakes falling on it. lb was, however, but little injured.— Ch. Courier, Id inst. Fire in Barnesvill. —On Saturday morning, the 27th inst, the store of C. A. & J. F. Nutting was discovered to be on fire, which was con sumed, with all of their goods. The large Hotel of Daniel Hightower, (formerly owned by Chas. G. Turner;) and adjoining the store, was also consumed, with most ot the furniture. Some out buildings were also destroyed. The tavern was insured for S3OOO, and the goods of Messrs. Nutting for about S9OOO. Since the above was in type, we have received a letter from a friend, who says the property consumed, was worth about SIB,OOO, and in sured, altogether, at $12,500. The buildings belonged to Mr. Hightower, and were worth from five to six thousand dollars. The risk of the almost entire destruction of the village and Railroad buildings was very great, and only pre vented by the most active exertions.— Macon Messenger, Istjnst. The Tugaloo Ticket. We did not expect, after the election was over, ever to refer to this subject again. But we have seen such strange statements lately, on both sides, that we are disposed to set the mat ter correctly before our readers. The whole Democratic vote of the State is about 40,000, and the Tugaloo or Union vote a little over 6,000. These votes, in the sixteen counties where the Tugaloo ticket received the largest vote, are as follows, to which .we have append-» ed the Taylor vote of 1848 : Counties. Pierce. Tughloo. Scott. Taylor. ’ Cass6s4. .. .552... .136... .988 Cherokee66o... .54581. .. .666 Clarke22s... .258... .118... .624 C0bb975... .113... .307... .861 Frank1in435....15766....363 Gilmer3o9... .426... .116... .402 G0rd0n584.... 105... .264. .. .n. c. Habershamso... .499.... 100... .425 Ha11186....38243....521 ; Jackson .108....48939....5G1 Lumpkin29s... .232... .178... .652 1 • Madison 69.... 19823....336 ; Rabun144....127455 ; Union2ll... .330... .100... .412 Wnlton ™ ons 11 1 NNA Walton 339. . . ,2US., ..111... .054 Wilkes 193....247 12....455 In the above table we have taken all the counties in which the Tugalco or Union ticket received more than one hundred votes. They are only 16 in number, and by reference to their location, it can easily be seen who controlled them. But what votes have been controlled, Democratic or Whig? If any one will tako the trouble to examine the foregoing table, he will be astonished to find how few Democrats voted that ticket. In 11 out of the 16 counties, it will be seen, that the Tugalco and Scott ticket combined are not so large as the Taylor vote of 1848; and just in proportion as you see the Tugaloo ticket strong, you see the Scott ticket weak, with three or four exceptions, show ing that the Tugaloo vote was almost altogether the old Whig vote in those counties, and that precious few Democrats voted that ticket. Per haps the Tugaloo ticket was cast by two thous and Democrats, all told; certainly not more. What a tremendous vote to nyike a noise about. [Griffin Jeffersonian, 25th ult. A most dastardly attempt was made on Mon day night, the 22d inst, at a waggon camp in the suburbs of Dahlonega, to assasinate Mr. Baylis Wynn, a peaceable and much respected citizen of this place, by shooting him in the back. The nature of the wound is such, that if his life ia spared, he must inevitably, be a eripple, the bal ance of his days. The day following an investigation was held which lesulted in the committing for trial John H. McCrosky, who, however, persists in his in nocence, 44 God grant that he may be innocent.” We at the same time hope and trust that the perpetrator of this diabolical act, may be punished to tne extent of the law, be he, who he may 1 Dah lonega Signal, 21th ult. Cherokee Marple.—A beautiful specimen of black marble from the quarry of Rev. C. W. Howard, in Cass county, Georgia, near Kingston, has been shown us. Mr. Howard was awarded a silver cup, for specimens shown at the late Ma con Fair. No doubt this marble will be fully ap fireciated when public attention has been proper y directed to its excellent quality and giua| i beauty.— Marietta Miwak,