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—— II IIMW W ■RllliliM 111 11—„ ...J > - totekto dientsif. .~?.nis ti hifionalvjt anti Kqnwnc B 5 JAMES GARDNER, JR. OPFK K ON MuTNTOSH BTKKKT •MiHD DOOR FROM FHB MORTH-W6HT CORN It H OF BROAD »T*VKT. Sale* of LAND by Bvoeutor*, Administrator* or Gunr dtana, mu roquirod. by law, to bo hold on tho to Tuoaday in >h<* month, hot noon tho hour-* ot ton in the forenoon and throe in the afternoon at the <’<»urt House m which th» ptupeuv is situate. Notice <•: the.ie sale* Inn «t be given in a public Garelle. MX I'Y DAYS Ufca •• »«> to the day of xolo Sales of ran.-. I b«» at Public Auction, on th** first Tuesday of the month, between the u-u.ii Lours of sale, at the place of public sale-* in the county where the Leiters Testamentary, or Administration, or Guardianship, ui.tr hare boon granted, tit -.t gh ing SIXTY DAY'S notice thereof, iu one of the public G a Mites of Ihia State, and at the door of the Court House where suoh Mt lea are to bo held. Notice for the sales of Personal Property must bo given, in like manner. fORTY PAYS previous to day «>: >;>"• Notice to the Debtor*. au4 Creditors ot an Nslnte, must be published for FORTY l» \YS. Notice that application w ill be made to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell LAND, mud be published for TWO MONTHS Notice for leave to sell NRGRORS. mUkt be publiahel TWO MONTHS, twtore auy order absolute can be given by the Court. TERMS OF ADVERTISING Ona square. 12 lines. 7e cents the first insertion, and 50 cents afterwards. LEGAL ADVKRTISHMHN TS SherVT’s Levies, 30 days. >' 50 per levy ; 60 day •. $• Executor's, Administrators and Guardian's Sale*. Rc »l Estate, (per square 121. ties.) $4 75 I»' do Personal Estate JI 2$ Citation for Letter*of Administration 2?5 I Do. do. Dismiasiou 4 50 j Notice to Debtors and Creditors M 25 tX Months’Notice* 4 00 I Bules Nisi, (monthly) ?l per square, etch hiiorlkm. I (L** Obituary NoHves over six. lines, will be charged ; >t lhe Mme raie-ta* advertisement« IXJAL NOTICES | Notice of the sale of Land and Negroes by Ad- | ministcalors. Rvecniarv or Guardis**. mu*t be publish- I LwM' 1 Previous to iho day of sal. to Debtors an i Creditor- ot an eUato a* l#h " l FORTv DAYS *‘.twill be ;u.uU« to tuc 4* *• -.. >. t for les»«* t.» sell Lx:,.’. 1 • Hr*<n Di»Hiix>»ss of Executors or Administrators SIX MONTHS —Disnu-vtion of Guardians. FORTY DAYS of personal properly of a perishable na ture by the Act of 1*52, by Executor* and Administra tors. st the d:<*retion of the Ordinary, upon not less than TEN 0 AV S net-cs S.slesbv regular Administr.a --• r*. a> no lor lh< <ll law. FORTY DAYS VAIL REMITTANCES PER M AIL. arr at our RISK Al (it S L A. GA SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 22. Rabun Gap Rail Road. This project which many originally scoffed at on this side of the Savannah as visionary and . absurd, and is still the theme with some of jibes and sarcasms, begins to attract serious attention elsewhere than in South Carolina. It is no longer a chimera—but a sober matter of calcu* tion and discussion—a practical question of facts, figures and results. We have always given the subject an earnest and respectful consideration. We have uniformly alluded to it as an enter prise seriously contemplated, if not determined upon by interests, fully competent to construct I it. and who would construct it, if on investiga tion it should prove a paying road. The question whethet this route was practi cable having been submitted to competent en gineers. and decided in the affirmative, the next question m order is. will it be built ? Now the solution of this depends on the preliminary points. Ist. What will be the cost of this Road? 2nd. Will the road pay. The people of Georgia are deeply interested in knowing the result of this contemplated en terprise.for it is not to be doubted or concealed that this road, it built, will be a formidable competitor ' for a large amount of trade which now passes over the State Road, and the Georgia & East Ten nessee Road, to Atlanta—a trade which is des tined from year to year to inciease immensely. Augusta is interested in the question, lor all the tradediverted to the Rabun Gap Road will be carried direct to Charleston and all chance of sharing it lost to this city. Savannah is inter ested for the same reason : and so a.e the stock holders of most of the railroads leading to these cities. If the road is built, it will compete for business, and will hare a share of it. even if fore- ' ed by competition to do so, at rates which will do little or no more than pay expenses and keep ; up repairs and outfit. ; The South Carolinians are too shrewd to invest millions of dollars in a road that would not |>ay. 1 This matter will ta> thoroughly >uva.t>gat.U - ? We copy from the Boston Railway Times an ed- i ‘ itonal article which our readers will find inter- ' esting in which toe question is discussed intelli- i ' gently. It is an impartial view of the subject, j by an intelligent stranger, and is deserving of calm consideration. The article gives these 1 main results ; Ist. That the rea l would cost over $8,000,- 000. 2d. That it will have to encounter a grade of from 53 to 60 feet per mile. 3d. It will be 62 miles longer by it from Chat tanooga to Charleston, than by the Georgia Roads via Augusta. 4. That the maximum grade on the Georgia Roads does not exceed 37 feet per mile, which gives to them an additional advantage, equivalent to many miles—say 50 miles—in distance. This latter point all practical engineers and Railroad men will fully appreciate. The whole question resolves itself into one of dollars and cents, and the result of the investi gation will probably be the conclusion arrived at by the South Carolinians that money appropria ted to build the Rabun Gap Road would be a bad investment. The conclusion will be that the stock of such a road would pay no dividends. With such a fact apparent to view, and no overruling necessity calling for it to sustain oth er interests, the enterprise must Jose favor, the more it is investigated. The Georgia Roads al ready afford Charleston a shorter and cheaper connection with the West. The $8,000,000 can therefore be appropriated in many ways more promotiveof the interests of that enterprising city. Th© Clayton.Bulwer Treaty. The discussions which this subject has elicit ed are exciting much attention, and some inter est exists as to their bearing upon our diplomatic relations with European powers. We copy from the Charleston Standard, a clear historical out line of the question, derived from Senator Soule’s masterly speech, to which we refer our readers. This speech has poured a flood of light upon the whole subject. It is alike marked with fa miliar knowledge of the question, the force of its • reasoning, the logical correctness of its positions, I and the fervent boldness of its sentiments. That j the Monroe doctrine in reference to European | colonization on this continent, is about to be j brought into question and pressed to a practical i solution as between England and this country, • we do not apprehend. But the tone and tenor of the debates in Congress indicate very clearly a determination on the part of this country to maintain that doctrine in its fullest and broad est sense, at all hazards. The course of Mr. Clayton, in allowing a codi cil to the treaty after it was submitted to the I Seriate, excluding British Honduras from the operation of its terms, will be repudiated by the Senate and the country. English Politics. We publish from the New York Herald a sen- I sible editorial on the late change of Ministry in England, the characters of the leading men in the old and new adrninirtration, and the probable results from the new combination of political ele ments now controlling British affairs. We find in the last Chattanooga Gazette, the ' following notice of the Smoke House of our former townsman Mr. C. E. Grenville : Circulating about town the other day. we took rxxasion to visit the large Smoke House of Messrs. C. E. Grenville & Co. Mr. G. the, ac tive partner, has taken great pains and spared no expense to fit up a house every way safe and convenient. Imm&liately adjoining it is a large ante-room, with a thick floor for receiving Baton and preparing for hanging. A door leads from it into the smoke house. Deep vaults are sunk in the ground and walled up with brick. At one end of the vaults are steps to go down with ■woods—at the other is the fire which is covered over with grates, forming a net work that makes it impossible for a spark to get through. Gieen hickory wood alone is used. Au additional se. curity against lire doing damage is found in keeping a large cistern full of water convenient for immediate use, and Mr. C. informed us that he also had a small fire engine, intende I for bis ware house yard, ready for use if lire was to break out in any of his extensive buildings. They expect to cure between four and live hun dred thousand pounds of Bacon this season. Having already upwards of 400,000 in store and engaged. This seems like doing business in the right way. The New Steamboat Law meets with but little favor at the West. The St. Louis “Intelli genoer” says its usefulness or practicability is very much doubted; and the “News” says it is a “humbug, a bundle of absurdities—complicated, eontradietory, and impraetiealile.’? Inning tbc Corner Stone of the Medical College. I'lie Savannah Mottling News of the ISth inst.s.iys— A hieiid has kindly furnished us with ait account of the interesting ceremony of lay ing the co;net .-tone of the Savannah Medical College, v. Licit « ill be found in another calumn. Notwithstanding the biting sharpness ol the at mosphete, the .lay was clear anti bright, and the i tin n out was large, both ot the Masonic older and of citizens. A great number of ladies were pres ent. who waited patiently during the Masonic i ceiemonies, of which they were unable to get a good view. The proceedings, which were eon , ducted with imposing solemnity, were closed . with an address from Hon. John M. Berrien.— i Like everything emanating from the distinguish ; ed sjreaker. the address was appropriate, finish I ed and eloquent, and was listened to with de lighted attention by the large concourse ofciti j /ens present. We understand that the new college has been i commenced under the most favorable auspices j and that its prospects of success and usefulness | are very flattering. The walls of the edifice, i the corner stone ol which was placed yesterday, ! are far advanced, and the work is progressing i rapidly to completion The peculiar advantages ; of Savannah sot the location of a college of Med icine, are admitted by all, and we feel confident that under the direction of the able faculty, it will soon take a high rank among the Medical Seluwls of the country.'' Somstliinc Wrong. Wo rvcrdvoj jnssterday the following totter fi-oin aWuMrrffier iti ’AtTatita. The fault must ' be at that office, for our paper is regularly sent by the afternoon train, and we have heard com plaints from no other quarter. Whenever our daily package fails to reach Atlanta, or any oth er Post Office on the route of the Georgia Rail toad, Master will oblige us by notify ing us ol the same : Atlanta, Jan. ISth, 1853. James Gardner. Jr.. Esq.— Stu Please stop our daily paper and send your account, and we will remit the money for the time sent. We take it for the commercial flews, and as we do not get it twice a week, on an average, (at most not oftener than that) the object for which we take it is defeated. We have nooMer reason for ordering it stopped, and regret that it dees not come regularly. Respectfully, your friends. '"Palmetto.'’ the Washington correspondent of the Charleston Standard, under date of Jan 17th. says : “ The members of the Special Com mission sent to Mexico toseatch for the location of the alleged silver mine of the notorious Dr. Gardiner, have just returned to Washington, and report that after traveling sixteen hundred miles on the backs of their mules, hunting after such a mine, they had not been able to find any symp tom of one in all the Mexican State, in which, according to the papers of Gardiner, his mine is said to have been situated. Thus the proofs of the fraudulent character of Gardiner’s claim ac cumulate. • The Health of Charleston. The Charleston Mureury says the official re- I port of the City Register will be found in an other column, bv which it will be perceived that the deaths during the week ending on Saturday last, from all causes, amounted to only 19, and from what is called cholera, to 4. Os these, 2 were white, and two were colored, and all of them occurred in the earlier portion of the week. ( We are assured, aad assure our friends in the interior, that there is now no Cholera in the city, and if they were here they would need no other assurance than the elastic and bracing at mosphere, and the glow of ruddy health visible on every countenance. South Carolina Conference.—This body assembled at StunterviHe, on the sth inst.. and, after a harmonious session, closed on the 12th i inst., Bishop Capers presiding. The Missionary collections for the past year amount to tieenty ltr*o thousand dollars, thus sustaining the char acter the Conference has long borne for liberali- j ty in that noble work. The membership within the bounds is stated to be 32,658 whites and 19,560 colored, making an increase;in the past year of 265 whites and 3,000 colored. The next Conference will be held at Newberry. Augusta and Nashville Telegraph Company. The line of this new Company is now com pleted and in working order between this city and Chattanooga. Their office is on Alcln tosh street, next to the office of the Washington and New Orleans Telegraph Co. This new line is a great convenience to the , business community, and deserves encourage ment from our merchants and others having bus iness on that route. The line it is expected will be completed to j Nashville by the time the Railroad connection with Chattanooga is established. The Small Trade of Norfolk.—lt appears by a statement in the Norfolk News, that last year about eighteen hundred barrels of eggs each containing about a hundred dozen, were shipped from that port. The return, including : the price of the oats in which they were pack ed, is estimated at S2O per barrel, making a to tal of thirty-six thousand dollars received for I eggs. A vast amount of oysters, vegetables and ponlty, is also annually sent away, for which the sum ol three hundred thousand dollars is a moderate calculation, averaging one thousand per day throughout the year. One gentleman, who has devoted himself to the business for some years, has realized a profit of about $30,000. — The quantity of rags for manufacturing pur poses annually sent from the city is also large. One firm alone sends away about half a million pounds, and the amount does not fall short of one million. The cost of these is, on an aver age, about three and a half cents a pound, and realizes a profit of twenty-five to thirty per ct., making the large sum of about $45,000 as the annual product of old rags. A telegraphic dispatch in the Baltimore papers from Springfield state that a freight train and a locomotive came in collision on the Western j Railroad, between Becket and Washington, on i Friday, killing Augustus Grange, a fireman, al i most instantly, and severely injuring Mr. Bron- I san, an engineer. Both engines were very badly : j damaged. 1 The Boston Advertiser of Thursday says:— ! “ The magnificent clipper ship Empress of the Sea, 2,200 tons, will be launched about noon to day, from the ship yard of Air. Donald and Al’- Kay, East Boston. This ship was purchased by Messrs. Williams, Wilson & Sons, of Baltimore, | when but partly built, and is thought by pretty i I good judges to have no superior afloat. She will ( shortly proceed to New York, where she will: load for San Francisco, in Mr. J. S. Oakford’s i line.” Georgia Historical Socikty.—The I’resi j dent elect of the United States, General Frank lin Pierce, was unanimously elected an honorary member of the Georgia Historical Society on the J Ith inst. The steam saw mill belonging to James C. Johnson, near Edenton, N. (!., was consumed by j fire on Tuesday night week. Mr. Meagher has accepted the invitation of the Mayor of Boston, and others, to visit that city and lecture, and he will do so, in the new Music Hall, on the evening of the 38th inst. The Medina Democrat says there is as in sane man in that town, named Smith, his joints are all double, and he can diaplace them from their natural position without any incon venience, or nny great effort. He has two pair of lungs and by inhaling air sufficient to fill both, can continue thirty-eigh* minutes without breathing. He served under General Taylor in Mexico. Uor.r.Kriß Bi iined. —At Jacksonville, 111., on the 30th tilt. a fire occurred in the Illinois Col lege which destroyed the whole building except the south wing. The loss is estimated at $20,- 000 ol which $3,000 is insured in the Hartford Protection Company. Imi rovkmksts in Macon.—The Macoa Tele graph of the 18th inst., says:—“Ths Mayor and Aidermen have gone to work in good earn - est for the improvement of the City. A reso lution has been passed tor the purchase of u lot 1 for the erection of a commodious City Hall, also i for receiving proposals for sinking an Artesian , Well, and for plans ami speeifiaatioHs for build ing water cisterns.” AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING,./ 'ANHARY 26, 1853. (Emu the CharlestoH Standard, \lthinst ) I Central America—The Clayton-Bulwor Treaty. 1 he Senate has removed the injunction of se- I crecy as to the proceedings connected with the I Clayton-Bnlwei treaty, and the Washington | I tiion. ot the 13th, publishes the papers hither to withheld, which complete the documentary history ol that transaction. They consist of General Taylor's message of April 20, LSSO, communicating the treaty, in reference to which he says: “ It will be seen that this treaty does not pro pose to take money from the public treasury to atlect any object contemplated by it. It yields protection to the capitalists who may undertake to construct any canal or railway across the isth i mus, commencing in the southern part of Mexi | eo, and terminating in the territory of New ! Grenada. It gives no preference to any one route over another, but proposes the same meas ure of protection lor all which ingenuity and enterprise can construct. Should this treaty be ratified, it will secure in future the liberation of all Central America from any kind of foreign aggression. At the time negotiations were opened with Nicaragua for the construction of a canal through her territory, I found Great Britain in posses- I sion of nearly half of Central America, as the ally and protector of the Mosquito King. It has been my object in negotiating this treaty not only to secure the passage across the isthmus to the government and citizens of the United States by the construction of a great high way, dedica ted to the uses of all nations on equal terms, but to maintain the independence and sovereignty ot all the Central American republics. The Senate will judge how tar these objects have been effected.'’ i'bere are’, also, letters of Mr. Clayton, and Mr. Bulwer, which throw no fresh light on the subject, f t is ctear that President Taylor un derstood that the treaty would secure in future the liberation of all Central .America from any kind of foreign aggression ; and he also understood that the Central America, thus liberated, extended to the territory ot New Grenada, thus including Honduras. This, too, was the understanding of Senators who voted tor the ratification of the treaty. And, yet, Mr. Clayton, has evidently permitted a condition to be annexed to the rati fication, which, if valid, will leave Great Britain free to perpetuate its settlement and fortifica tion of an important part of the coast of Cen tral America. Not only so, but these settle ments, it is said, have been extended since the ratification of the treaty by organizing the isl ands of Bonaua and Rooatan, as dependencies of British Honduras, under the name of the “ Bay Islands.” though they clearly belong to the State of Honduras. Mr. Squier, iu an article lately published in the Journal of Commerce, has shewn that the treaty between Great Brit ain anti Spain of 1756, revived in 1814, plainly acknowledges the dominion of Spain over the British settlements in Honduras ; and not only so. but he also refers to a British Act ot Parlia ment as late as ISI7, entitled, “ An act for the more effectual punishment of murders and manslaughters committed in places not within his Majesty’s dominions.” And its enacting clause is as follows : “ Whereas grievous murders and manslaugh ters have been committed at the settlement in the Bay of Honduras, the same being a settle ment for certain purposes in the possession and tinder the protection of his Majesty, but not within the territory and dominions of his Ma jestv,” Ac. This act was amended in 1819, and is still in force (See 57 George 111, p. 153.) IS is a lull recognition of the treaty of 1786, revived in 1814, and now in full effect. Mr. Clayton, therefore in acknowledging the jurisdiction of Great Britain, over any portion of Honduras, has allowed to that power what it did noteven claim in its previous acts and trea ties. The discussion of this matter in the Sen ate is likely to be long and spirited. Air. Soule, on the 13th, went fully into the subject, and acknowledged that it was fully admitted and understood by all when the treaty was under consideration, that its terms did not refer to, or interfere with the license—for that was the proper term—of Great Britain to cut logwood at the Belize. But Mr. Soule contends, that Air. King, in his letter, merely refers to this precarious right or license to cut logwood in Honduras as being in no way affected by the treaty. Mr. King does not mean that the claim of Great Britain to dominion in British Honduras is not excluded by the treaty ; for he expressly warns Mr. Clayton not to use any words imply ing an admission of any right to such dominion. Mr. Soule examined also the history of these rights of Great Britain. That the Bay of Isl ands occupied a peculiar and interesting position in the Carribean sea. A Spanish writer at an early day pointed out their importance. In 1642, a party of English freebooters took pos session of these islands, then belonging to Spain. In 1715, the Spaniards made an at- ‘ tempt—a successful one—to regain possession ot them, but found them a mere waste, the English j freebooters having destroyed al! the establish- ! ments they had found on the islands. In 1742, England again attempted to seize the whole coast of Central America, and also these islands. The ire of Spain was roused; she was then as I now a proud nation ; but she had then the abil ity to command respect, and war ensued. In 1763, a treaty between England and Spain was concluded, by the provisions of which England was bound to destroy all her fortifications, &c., in that region. But England relying on a secret reservation, denied that Rooatan was included in the treaty, and kept that island fortified. War again ensued, during which Guatemala seized Rooatan. A new treaty was made in 1783; and Spain, desiring to protect herself from any invasion by Great Britain, provided that the British should abandon all Central America, and all islands de pendent on it. Great Britain thus by solemn treaty, surrendered all her rights and claims to any part of the continent and the dependent is lands. But still, notwithstanding this treaty, England held fast to her possession of Rooatan; and in 1786 Spain pressed upon England what she considered her rights, and this led to another treaty, by which was removed every difficulty so far as the pretentions of England were con cerned. By it, England agreed to evacuate all her possessions and posts on the continent, and on all islands, without exception. In 1797, a war raging between England and Spain—this treaty was su-, ended, and the English again re sumed po . on ol Rooatan, but surrrendered it to an off rer sent there from Honduras. Ir. 1011, anew treaty was made, which re affirmed and incorporated within it the very sti pulations of the treaty of 1786, and, unless some things has transpired since then, the English claims to dominion over these islands have not a shadow of right. After that, these islands were taken possession of by the State of Hondu ras. In 1813, Commodore Mac Donnell, then commanding British forces, took possession of the Islands, hauled own the Honduras flag, and raised that of England. He had, however, scarcely left there, than the British flag was ta ken down, and the union jack displayed. Mac- Donnell was shortly after removed from the post, and the British government repudiated his con duct as unauthorized; and the Central American States thought that all claim to the islands was abandoned by Great Britain. But they were mistaken; they were weak, and had to submit to whatever that proud power might dictate. Great Britain asserts no claim over these islands, except so far as that claim is connected with the Beliz.e. Under the several treaties with Spain her right was limited, and was nothing more than the license to cut wood in Honduras. He read from an act of the Bri tish Parliament of 1723, for the punishment of crimes, and said that it contained a description of the settlement of Honduras as a settlement for certain purposes, and was not within his majes ty’s territories or dominions. He thought he had shown conclusively that England possessed nothing more than the preca rious license to cut dye woods; and it was but in keeping with her former conduct that she should now take possession of those islands and colonize them in the very teeth of the assertion by this Government of the Monroe doctrine. How strange it would appear to the world that, at the very moment she binds the United States agaiust taking any islands or territory in that re- Sion, she come forward, and, without any right, takes possession of, and colonizes those islands. Air. Soule therefore hopes that this matter would shortly come before the Senate in some tangible shapejin which tho Senate might inform England that, if there be any doubt in the pro visions of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, that we will give notice of our intention to suspend i fts effect. The friends of Mr. Clayton however, warmly ( sustain him, and he has just been returned to the I United States Senate by his State. In reply to ; Mr. Soule, Air. Pearce, of Maryland, read a state : merit in behalf of Mr. King. It was written, I and was handed him by Mr. Bragg, of the House. ' It was in these words : “ Col. King desires Mr. Pearce to say in the Senate, that it has not been his desire or inten tion, in any thing which he has been represented ns saying in reference to the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, to cast tho slightest imputation on Mr. J. M. Clayton in reference to that matter; on the contrary, h» desires to do Mr. Clayton the justice to say that he is convinced that, in every thing connected with that treaty, he (Mr. C.) was ac tuated by a patriotic anxiety to protect the rights and interests of his country. Colonel King feel* mortified that any thing said by him under a mis apprehension of the facts of the case, should have been made the basis for unjust reflections on Mr. Clayton.” This Statement, he thought, was but in keep ing with Colonel King’s character for strict in tegrity and scrupulous honor. Mr. Soule asked whether the Senator from Maryland applied Mr. King s words to what has occurred recently, or to former conversations while the treaty was pend ? Mr. Pearce said he was not authorized to ap ply them in any way. Mr. Soule said that they had all considered that the precarious right of Great Britain to cut logwood had never been touched. Mr. Pearce said that nothing he had said was tothe effect that Great Britain had any right to duMiaiuH over uay puit of these regions, but that those rights—whatever they were—were un touched by the treaty. Mr. Soule said that previous to the treaty Great Britain had set up other pretensions, and these pretensions were, as he understood, to be swept away by the treaty He read a letter Irorn Mr. Clayton to Mr. Walsh, that Great Britain had no right to colonize any part of the Mosquito coast of Central America. (Fromthe A T em York Herald.) The News bf the America and Humboldt—Tho New British Ministry. At length, after ten months’ excitement, I.ord Derby’s race is run. He took power avowedly as a protectionist, virtually us a pis aller the last resource of the country—his whole strength being the weakness of the Russell party. Dur ing these ten months he has broken more pledges, trampled on more ties, violated more promises, and repudiated more oaths, than any minister who ever ruled the destinies ot Great Britain. He has disgusted the country party, who have seen their chief throw principle to the winds, for the sake of office ; unsettled the con viction As the protectionists by undertaking to carry out a free trade policy, and turned the re spect with which even his opponents loved to regard him, into contempt for his apostacy, and indignation for his want of faith. He has carried no great measure of public interest, has not add ed a single useful law to the statute book, or corrected any one of the frightful abases under which England is groaning. So far as the country is concerned,the his orian will be unable to trace to Earl Derby’s administration any single im provement, either in the condition ol the people or the spirit of tjro laws. No minister ever had a more splendid opportunity; none ever did less. _ Called to the government, ofeotrqtry at a time when everything pressed an reign—when the treasury was ovCKliowin.■ people contented—trade prosperoiis—the whigs divided, and sunk in public esteem—the most bitter of Lord Derby’s opponents could not bi t expect that he would cover himself with renown, and exercise a beneficial sway (over the king dom for many years. This was the confident hope of his friends and the reluctant anticipa tions of his enemies. The result we have already mentioned. We have said all, in fact, when we assert that he has done nothing—unless, pet haps, proving to the world that toryism is dead, and that an anti-liberal minister cannot rule Great Britain, be an exploit worth chronicling. He is fallen, and not a single regret will soothe his disappointment. Whatever be the policy of his successors, it cannot but be wel comed as a beneficial change, after the con temptible tergiversation and anti-popular bear ings of the conservaive ministry of 1852. And, indeed, if we maj’ judge cf that policy from the well known character of the men who are said to constitute the new cabinet, lew but will congratulate Great Britain on the result of the crisis. There are not many men in England who are better fitted for the post of First Lord of the Treasury than Lord Aberdeen. It is well known that the best liberals are those who have been conservatives long enough to become thoroughly acquainted with the fallacy of an nnbending anti-reform policy—your born de mocrat invariably calumniates either in an aim less demagogue ora stiff conservative. Lord Aberdeen’s experience of power, under such men as the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel, will enable him to profit by their errors, while he turns to good account the sound prin ciples which guided their conduct, lit foreign affairs, too, he will be an invaluable oracle forty years experience as a diplomatist have not been lost on him. It is something new to find Lord John Rus sell in the Foreign Office, and Lord Palmerston Home Secretary. People have been so long ac customed to see the parts transposed, that it is a difficult matter to picture Lord John writing protocols, while Lord Palmerston is superin tending the organization of the militia. The events of December, 1851, however, rendered this distribution of office inevitable. W ith all his telent —and assuredly he has no equal in the cabinet —Lord Palmerston could not be suffered to run the risk of embroiling the country for the sake of displaying his own dexterity, or to snap his fingers at the Queen, when the Privy Council ventured to remonstrate with him on his political course. No office in any govern ment, can be entrusted to the uncontrolled man agement of one individual; much less could the important trust of the foreign relations of Great Britain be confided to one whose impatience of restraint, and whose pride could not brook the smallest interference. As Home Secretary Lord Palmerston will not be so familiar with tile de tails of his office as to disdain the advice of his colleagues; and he will bring to the discharge of his duties that energy and indomitable perse verance which have rendered him one of the first statesmen in Europe. Though Lord John Russell has never,wejbelieve, I h«ld the ptutfolift of Foreign Affairs, his expe rience as First Lord of the lieasur; abuiwiaiid/' establishes his fitness for the post. Under his prudent management, it is very unlikely that the House of Commons will be enlivened at pe riodical intervals, by scenes of excitement such as Lord Palmerston used to delight in ; but, in return, the foreign relations of Great Britain will be maintained on a firm basis, and the U. States, as well as other countries, may confidently ex pect to be treated with liberality, candor, and good feeling. His strong free trade opinions will probably exercise a potent influence on the con vention respecting the fisheries and reciprocity, which will shortly be concluded between Great Britain and this country. Os the other names mentioned—Mr. Glad stone, Sir J. Graham and Sir C. Wood—it would be premature to say anything until we know what offices they are to fill. They are all of them able men, and though they maybe classed under other heads than the general designation of liberals, there can be no doubt that their poli cy will be as progressive as the most ardent flee trader could wish. On the whole, as Americans, we have reason to be satisfied with the new ministry. The lives of its leading men are safe guarantees that the rights of foreign nations will be respected, and that, whatever accidents may happen, the great calamity of an interruption of our relations with Great Britain is out of the question. We have besides, every reason to believe that the Aber deen administration will pursue an enlightened home policy, and will steadily aim at the ame lioration of the condition of the poorer classes. This consideration, though affecting us less di rectly than the former, is by no means indiffer ent. As men we cannot look with apathy on the defeat of toryism and the restoration of liberal men and principles to power, in any country;— more especially at a time when we have our selves emphatically declared our adhesion to the democratic or progress party of our own land.— As Americans, the fates of England touch us more closely. Linked as we are to her, by the ties of a common origin, a common tongue, and a common faith—inseperably united by our com mercial interests—her welfare must ever be,next to our own, the dearest aim of every right mind ed citizen. Not only on high grounds of attach ment to the country whence our forefathers sprung, but on mote tangible reasons of public and private interest, ought we to rejoice that the government of Great Britain has fallen into the hands of men who will make it their aim to care for the welfare of the people, and alleviate the awful load of misery which ambitious ministers and reckless monarchs have heapod on the necks of their subjects. England cannot prosper with out reflecting a share of her prosperity on the United States—every additional shilling that is placed in the pocket ot the operative at Man chester and Leeds, enables him to become a larger consumer ol our cotton and our corn. The advent to power of a new British ministry is of far greater mement to the people of this country than many ot the events which from time to time engross their attention. (From the Savannah Repid>liean y ISth ins/.] The Caloric Ship Ericsson. We are indebted to our friend Mt. Wm. M. Wadley, Superintendent of the State Railroad, for the following interesting letter, received by him from Mr. G. B. Lamar, of New York, well known in this community. The letter was written just after the first or engineer’s trip of the new calotic ship Ericsson, and before the second trial, which proved so satisfactory. Before proceeding to give the letter, we can' not forego the pleasure of submitting to the leader an extract from the Courier des F.tats Unis, illustrating the operation of the wire ap paratus of the engine, in alternately heating and cooling the same volume of air. That pa per says :—“ The great fundamental principle of the transmission of calorie, cost the inventor twenty years of reflection to realize in this ma chine. It consists in using constantly the same heat to warm the ait which is made to enter the cylinders. The apparatus by means ol which this principle is applied, is called a regenerator, and we can form a clear idea of it by supposing that a man has bis month filled with a warm metallic sponge ; if he draws in his breath, the i exterior air, in travelsing the pores of the warm sponge, will itself be warmed, and will arrive warm into the lungs, whilst tiie sponge having parted with its caloric, will have become cold ; if he exhales the air thus warmed, this air, in again traversing the sponge, will again warm it, ! and will come out reduced in temperature. If instead of producing these movements by the contraction of the muscles of the breast of the individual, an ordinary bellows is adopted to the mouth to produce the inhalation and the exhala tion, we will nigh have Ericsson’s machine.” New York, Jan. 6th, 1853. Wm. M. Wadlev, Esq.— Dear Sir-. The caloric ship, Ericsson. 250 feet long, hits been comple ted on a most beautiful model, in the finest clip per style, brig rigged, and with two engines of 500 horse power each, working on the same crank at right angles, (so that when one is at centure, the other is at full power,) and without boilers, air pumps, or condensots. Yesterday, she made her engineer’s trip, going with ebb title and a fair wind 11 miles tho hour. She was caught at the Hook in a snow storm, which increased to a gale and rendered it so thick that the pilot could not see a ship’s length ahead. Consequently, she was compelled to re main all night at anchor. She returned against tb« tide ami wi»d at the rate of ten miles tho |„ 1UI , mid is ItyW lying oil the Battery, a most successful trillsU’hol skill, ingenuity and science. I have seen Capt. Lowber, her commander, (formerly in o ,e pocket service,) since her re turn, and liesnyc ho cau g () ( o |,jv (;r | )0() | j n | l( , r under l.idajr*. ' “o perfect is all her iiiachiiiery, he believes, if »« had provisions on board, that hecotildjf"‘V’. 11101 ri ’" ,llo rning. Capt. Erics son, honor to cal! also on his reftu u. Ils assures in,. t,|,af; s ; 10 has been entire ly successful; I cat one only point not previous ly deinonstratei! by his model engines, (which you saw,) has y <*H established to his entire sa tisfaction bv this experiment. You arc nwo.p|Sir, that 1 never calculated on the new ships Jeiceetling eight miles the hour This speed, with only one-tenth the fuel of steamers of the power, and saving nil weight of tin’ water in <|em, and nine-tenths the space for freight too, M'ould establish the complete success of the v.bt principle over all other mo tive pewer bi*ysto known. But she can be relied on lor ten '»iles an hour on a first experi ment— a factr wl»n we remember that steam made at first on four miles the hour, which places the new in rntion upon an impregnable basis. I consider C»p| Ericsson's fame beyond Ful ton’s—for his e>. ties will scald nobody, will exploded no vesse and will destroy no lives or property. Beside; here will be as much saving in labor to attend I engines as there will be in the fuel- The lire jquires to be renewed only evety three horns, d then a small quantity of coal is sufficient. allins’ steamers have two furnaces, atteftdci y 96 men. alternating day and iiigbt, and sty burned up alive during *' r a I’cr'on to attend *h ,: ‘'u3h I;; - l.lp will re- ot can stop or rrtnrt tnFsnrp mi woru For•fi«?’r, or back slow or faster, without.'changing his position. Indeed; when one'e built, these engines can be operated cheaper than sails! so few men do they require. I wish you were here to see the Ericsson.— You would more than realize all your anticipa tions expressed when yon caw the model — ''that you. would see the day when you would go hence to California by Railroad with a Caloric Engine without stopping for fuel or water for the engine.’’ Human in'ellect cannot foresee all the advant ages, reduced to practice. They not only will not cause the decay of the vessels in which they operate, liy the heat and steam that escape from steam engines, but they will purify the air throughout the hold of the ship and cabin, by constanSy changing, heating and discharging it above rteck. This will also preserve many kinds ofgoods which are now rapidly deteriora ted by tie foul air in ships’ holds. In addition to all tHs, passengers will be freed from all im pure ani nauseous odors from below, and will breathea constantly purified atmosphere. The It lesson, with 130 state-rooms, will cost about SIOO,OOO. She has been built chiefly by John B.Kitehing, Esq., who deserves all praise tor supplying the means to develop the science, the skiH. and the ingenuity of (’apt. Ericsson, on a munificent scale. You know that noth ing less Would satisfy Ericsson, and to obtain tliut, he made Mr. Kitehing and his associates the generous offer of siipetintending the con strue! ira of five more similar vessels, and with out p.iteit fee—the first to be built as the in ducement lor them to incur the expenditure for this one. The United States Government has not a single steamer fit to go on thej Japan Expedi tion. /Ml the boilers of the government steam ers requite renewal, and all of them may again be btifiitout before they reach Cape Horn, or do something worse, from the accumulation of salt on the iron with them. How much would be saved if the government had this caloric ship, in fuel and other inevitable expenses incident to steam in a voyage ot not less than 20,000 miles and back! The Ericsson would go to Japan and back a doren times for less than one of the U. S. steamers will cost, and be ready for any other service as long as her hull will last—this, too, without expending any time whatever to repair her engine. She has no boiler except in the cook's galley. Knowing the interest you took in this experi ment, I hive thought I could gratify you by a detail of itssucccss, which cannot be less impor tant than steam was in its day. Congressought to buy Cap’.. Ericsson’s patent and throw it open to all the American people, that his principle might be aibpted and operated as generally as possible, both for economy and humanity’s sake, la this I think you will agree with me. It is thought the Et icsson will go to London or Liv erpool, and‘.hence enter the Australian passen ger trade. Yours with regard, G. B. Lamar. Tetanus or Lock-Jaw. An article in the last number of the “ New Orleans Medicaj. and Surgical Journal,” on the use of Quinine in Tetanus or Lock-Jaw, by E. A. Fye, MW Wka i/i'ins i-r—-jes-t-Tlly worthy of attention, giving as it does the successful re sults of adrniniflfcring large doses of quinine in this, we believe, generally considered almost in curable disease. The patient was a negro boy, residing in Ca tahoula Parish. La., about 14 years of age, and laboring under a most violent attack of Trau matic Tetanus. He had, it seems, fallen from a horse some wesks previously, receiving a wound in the face. The wound was apparently slight, little attention was paid to it and it healed in the usual time. Symptoms of Tetanus how.- ever, however soon made their appearance, and had gone on constantly from bad to worse, in spite of the treatment. He had been purged, blistered, had taken opium, whiskey, spirits of turpentine, calomel, the hot and cold bath, but with no relief. At length it was de termined to give quinine a trial, and begin with 20 or 40 grains, and increase the dose until some effects were produced. At this time the interval between the paroxysms had dwindled to but a few moments of par tial ease, and with these transient exceptions, the patient was in a state of constant and most vio lent episthotonos; and it was evident that un less relief could be procured, death must soon close the terrible scene. Taking advantage of the first opportunity, the Doctor got down his throat 30 grains of quinine—examining his watch at the same time, lit one hour he again visited him, and perceiving no change repealed the dose. In the course of the next two hours the Doctor fancied Ire perceived slight—the slightest possible diminution in the intensity ot the paroxysms: at any rate t he boy thought him self relieved and begged for the medicine. He got 30 or4o grains. The improvement in the next two hours was evident. The paroxysms were not only less severe, but the interval was also decidedly longer and freer from pain. The boy’s sensation of relief was yet more decided and he clutched at his quinine and swallowed it with evident gusto, throwing his arms heavily about, and saying that he felt “drunk” and “happy.” The case went on regularly improving; the only other medicine given being an occasional dose of oil. At the end of two weeks the boy had taken two ounces of quinine; was entirely free from all symptoms of tetanus ; had experi enced no bad effects from the enormous quantity of quinine, no tinnitus aurium—deafness—ful ness of the head. The muscles had become re laxed, the skin was acting finely, the bowels were free—the only peculiar effect of the qui nine being the feeing of the patint as it he wereabaut hall drunk or happy. In the follow ing two weeks half an ounce of quinine was administered in gradually diminished doses, to prevent any bad effects from the sudden with drawal of an agent, which, whatever its modus operand!, had kept the patient “happy” for two weeks despite Tetanus. At the end of the month the boy was well, fat and hearty. So much for the use of quinine in cases of Tetanus or Lock-jaw. Cheap Printing.—While Colonel Alden Spooner printed a paper at Sag Harbor, he was much encouraged by a liberal merchant, who advertised tits wares in two long columns, “specifying every item of wet and dry goods, shovels, stationery, and mouse traps. While this was working magically among the vil lagers, a rival merchant called in one day, and asked with a uonchalanl air, the charge of in serting a couple of lines. He was told fifty cents, and he paid the money. He thereupon paraded directly under the long advertisement, “ 1 TOO, “John Thomi’son.” The joke took mightly, and more particu larly as John Thompson had borrowed his idea from a little squaw, who used to sell her baskets at the harbor. She had a rival in a larger squaw, with a loud voice, who would cry her baskets with a necessary ad junct ot descriptive eloquence. The feeble squaw, keeping close at her heels, would squeak out," I too!”— .divine’s Cyclopedia. Another New Boat.—Yesterday evening ’’’’’ne ollr wharves, the long expected “Fanny Malone, the latest, and, according to the fashion ot the world, tho neatest specimen of river arch itecture that floats in the Upper Tennessee. The ramiy ts a size smaller than the Molly Garth; is plain, mid rather Quakerish without, but her cabin is neat, chaste and decidedly beautiful in its finish. Capt. Todd we found wearing as smiling a face as his own favorite boat. The traveller who takes passage on board this new steamer will have nothing to regret.—Chattanoo ga Mvcrlistr, 18th inst. Washington, Jan. 16. IVashington Jiffairs. — It is understood that in view of the situation of Foreign affairs, the Mil itary and Naval Committee of the Senate have under consideration several propositions for in creasing the efficiency of the army and navy.— They will probably recommend a t horough forti cation of the Pacific coast and will report some measure for the employment of the commercial steam marine, should the contingencies contem plated by Soule and Marshall’s ten million pro position require it. There is a schoolmaster up town who has an easy way of teaching children to read. He tells them to skip all the long-jaw-cracking words, as they are only names of foreign countries, which they will never visit. | Te\eg> agli.rl for the Raltimnre Sun. | Arrival of flic Steamer Arabia. New York, Jan. 16. The steamer Arabia, from Liverpool, which put into Halifax short of coal, arrived hero about one o'clock to-day. We find the lollowittg ad ditional items of interest. England.—The new Ministry took posses sion of their official quintets on Wednesday. Lord Joint Russell held a diplomatic levee at the Foreign Office,at which Mi. Ingersoll, the American Minister, was present. Fuanci:.—Napoleon returned to Paris outlie 28th, but was received with no enthusiasm, not withstanding the report of an attempt having been made on his life during his absence. It is said I hat he is much annoyed at the delay of Austria. Rnssiaond Prussiato recognize the Em pire. He insists on being called Brother Napo leon the third by the crowned heads. England has accorded the civilty. The French Senate is convened for February l lth, and the corps Legislatif for February l.tth. Napoleon is parceling the royal residences amongst his family. He has signed to the Brit ish Minister that lie can hereafter receive no Englishman unless previously presented at the court of his own sovereign. M. Geniller, professor of mathematics and a distinguished republican, has been ordered to quit France. The French government is making great ex ertions to effect a commercial treaty with Ger many, founded on national concessions. Italy.—The Court of Rome has addressed a letter to all the European powers, inviting them to interfere in behalf of Christians suffering per secutions from the Turks. The Porte has refused to grant further conces -woiw re»pgiAiiig the navigation -cent battle wltti'the Mbntegriaffe. The latter have garrisoned the fortress of Szabljak and put ting it into a slate of defence. India.—.-VHairs in India remained unchangeJ. The Burmah annexation question was not yet decided by the Governor-General. The Calcutta markets were unchanged. Mo ney abundant, and the prospects of trade favora ble. Markets. Liverpool, Jan. I.—Hollingshead, Tetly St Co., quote Cotton tolerably steady, at 1-lGd decline. Fair Orleans 6gd ; Middling 5 9-16 d : Middling Uplands s?d; Fair sjd. Other circulars quote larger. McHenry quotes sellers and buyers in Bread stuffs indifferent. Late arrivals of Wheat ex siiip sold at 2 a 3d. decline. Sales of White Or leans Corn at 355. ex ship and subsequently re sold at Is 6d advance. Baltimore and Philadel phia Flour 28s. 64., a 295., Ohio 295. a 295. G.— Red Wheat 7s. 2d. a 7s. 4., White 7s. 6.1. a 7s 9d. Richardson & Co. quote Breadstnffs unsettled. Price- unchanged since the Baltic. .Makin says prices of Flour are barely main tained. Corn quite. Gardner quotes Pork first at the late advance. Lard scarce and firmer. Yellow declined Is. Beef steady. ZoHifcn, Dec. 31.—Baring quotes American stocks unchanged. Federal stocks in good de mand. Coffee advanced Is- Metals tending upward—tin Is. dearer. Iron also advancing. Lead dearer. Sugar firm. Tea more active. The bullion in the bank had decreased .£330,000. I'urtlicr Foreign News by the Arabia. The mails by the Arabia, from Liverpool, January Ist have come to hand. We give fur ther details of the news, as follows : England.—New writs have been moved for election to the seats in Parliament, vacated by members accepting office. On Wednesday the new Ministers took posses sion of their official quarters. Lord John Rus sell, at the Foreign Office, held a diplomatic le vee, at which, among other ambassadors, Mr.ln gersoll was present. The Times has the interesting information that an event will take place about April next that will add a new member to the Royal fami ly- A paragraph in the Madras Gazette, ot Nov. 26, mentions thet the Marquis de Lisbod,a young Portuguese nobleman, serving as midshipman on board the British ship-of-war, Hasting, was acci dentally shot dead by Prince Ernest, of Saxe Leiningen, also serving as a midshipman in the same the ship. The young men had been hunt ing. and the Prince, in sport, snapped a gun at his friend, believing it to be unloaded. An extract from a letter dated Lisbon, Dec. 20, says that Mr. Heald. (Lolo Montez's husband,) went to sea in one ot the vessels ot the Royal Yacht Club, having in his company a beautiful young lady. The yacht foundered in sight of the British war steamer Inflexible, which instantly manned a boat, with fourteen hands, to rescue them. Not only were they unsuccessful, but all hands were drowned. 4 event has been made known at Lloyd’s,“to the effect that, on 20th October a mutiny broke out among a party of Chinese on board the British bark Gertrude, from Amoy to Havana, and that seventeen of the Chinese had been shot by the Captain and crew. The bark put into Singapore, when, from the investigation that was held, it appeared that what the captain took for a mutiny was merely a row among the Chinese, but, having no interpreter on board, the Chinamen were unable to make themselves understood. France. —The Emperor has not forgotten to petition out Hie royal residences among his fami ly. The Palais Royal, which belonged to Louis Philippe, is to be given to ex-King Jerome; the Elysee, formerly inhabited by Murat, King of Naples, is to be the residence of Prince Murat, his son ; the Grand Duchesse Stephanie, of Ba den is to have apartments at the Elysee ; and the Princesse Mathilde will occupy the Pavilion de Marsan, in the Tuileries, formerly the chainbeJs of the Duchess of Orleans. Besides this, Prince Napoleon, Jerome's son, is to have 300,000 francs per annum, and the Princess Mathilde 200,000. There are so many rumors respecting the Em peror’s matrimonial views, that it is hardly worth while to notice them. The latest is, that the Dutchess Stephanie and Prince Murat are now on a mission to Dusseldorf, to solicit for Na poleon 111 Hie hand of the Princess Stephanie Frederica Withelmino Antoinette de llohen zolleni, a young lady in her sixteenth year, and nearly related to the Murat family. It is denied by the Moniteur that government intends to legalize lotteries or gaming houses. No gold or silver coins of the Empire have yet been issued. PoiiTi-GAi..—Advices from Lisbon, dated 20th, announce that a Royal decree had been publish ed reducing all the debts of Portugal to one con solidated debt of three per cent after Ist Jan. 1853. The announcement has excited much alarm on the London 'Change—Hie five and four per cents , which constitute the main por tion of the debt, having been taken up in Eng land. Belgium.—The death of Kossuth's mother, at Brussels, has given rise to explanat ions. Some unplesant rumors are afloat respecting the re fusal of the Belgian Government to allow of her son’s coming to that country unless he con sented to be constantly accompanied during his stay in Belgium by a polic officer. It is under stood that the venerable lady herself urged her son not to submit to so degrading a condition. Austria and Germany.— We read in the Co logne Gazette that the French Government is doing everything it can to effect a commercial treaty with Germany, founded on mutual con cessions. If Germany, anil particularly Prussia, does not set up too high pretensions, a treaty be tween France and the Zollvereign may’ be ex pected. The Zoll Conferences are still going on at Vi enna, but an impenetrable veil of mystery hangs over the proceedings. Morocco.—The Emperor ofMorocco has for bidden the export ol oil and wool, except from the Province of Tpdla, which has caused serious business difficulties. Iron Markets. —Baring's London Circular, Dec. 31st, says: Iron continues in active request, and the ma kers from day to day are less inclined to make sales; quotations consequently show a wide range: common bars in Wales may be put at .£8 15s a £9, and rails £9 10s a £lO. Scotch pig is quieter at 73s 6d cash, lor mixed number at Glasgow. Remarkable Peculairity of Vision. —Sir David Brewster, at the late meeting of the Bri tish Association at Belfast, in England, gave an account of “Vision without a Retina, in which he stated that, in the course of last summer, he meta person who had a peculiarity of vision, a very remarkable kind, and one of which he be lieved there was no other example. This per son, by a fall from a horse, received such a severe blow on his head that he was entirely deprived of the sight of one eye, and, to a great extent, of that of the other. Neither of the eyes had suffered the slightest local injury from the blow, and therefore the total blindness of one eye, and tho partial loss of the other, arose from the in sensibility of the retina, caused by the disor ganization of the part of the brain more imme diately connected with the origin of the optic nerves. The degree ol vision which remained in one eye was such as to enable this person to recognize any friend at a very considerable dis tance, but if very near, he could not recognize a most intimate acquaintance, as he could see only the eye or the mouth of his friend, and he was not able to obtain, from the duration ol the im pression of light and the rapid transference of the eye from one feature to another,such a combina tion of separate impressions as to give the like ness which they composed. zY wag on reading that in a certain engage ment a Dey and two Knights were killed, re marked that, that was what he called killing time with vengence I A few’ years ago, at a country town in Can ada, an exhibition of ‘Hie identioal serpent which tempted Eve,’raised no small contribu tion towards building a church, thus rather turning the tables on the mischievous reptile. When an apprentice holds his head down, you must not always imagine that it denotes humility—nine times iu ten, it is done to hide a dirty nose. VOL. XXXI N IsW SEKIE>S • VOL VIL- ■XO r I | Reported for the Baltimore. San.] Thirty-Second Oongres»-2nd Session. Washington, Jan. I SENATE. Mr. Shields presented several petitions pray in« the removal of the present jail in this city, thereconstmetion of the chain bridge, &<•’ Mr. Brodhead presented Hie meiiioti.i 0f1,400 citizens <>f New Yoik, praying that the grants of land to Hie officers and soldiers ol the war ol 1812 be increased and made uniform at 160 Mr Hale obtained leave to withdraw the resolution making inquiry into the conduct of Commodore Morgan while in command of the Mediterranean squadron. Mr. Foot submitted resolutions directing that the Governor of Vermont be informed of the death of the Hon. Wm. Upham, and that tho widow of the Hon. W. Upham be paid the ar rearages of per diem and mileage tine him at the time of bis death. Adopted. Mr. Davis submitted a resolution calling for copies of the correspondence not heretofore pub lished relating to the northern fisheries. Adopt ed. Mr. Miller submitted a resolution, winch was laid over, directing an inquiry into the propriety of recognizing the independence of Liberia. Mr. Gwin submitted a resolution, which was agreed to, directing inquiry as to the expediency of appointing an associate justice of the Supreme Court in the United States for Oregon and Cali fornia. The bill for the relief of Purser McKean Bu chanan was taken up and rejected—yeas 11, nay 29. Mr. Walker introduced a bill granting laud to Wisconsin, to aid in the construction of cer tain railroads in that State. The Senate then proceeded to the considera tion oi'Executive business,on Mr. Badger's nom ination, by the following vote : Yeas—Messrs. Bell. Brooke, Clarke, Cooper, Davis,Dixon, Fish, Foot, Geyer, Hale, Jones, of Tenn., Mangum, Miller, Morton, Pearce, Rusk, Sebastain, Seward, Smith, Spruance, Sumner, Underwood, Wade, Walker —24. Nays— Messrs. Adams, Borland, Bright, Brod head. Butler, Cass. Cathcart, DeSaussure, Dodge, of Wis.. Dodge, of lowa, Downs, Felch, Gwin, Hamlin, Houston. Hunter. James. Jones, of lowa, Mallory, Norris. Soule—2l. After some time the doors were re-opened and the bill providing for tW establishment of a na tional road to the Pacific, from the Mississippi, was taken up. Mr. Brooke submitted a substitute for the bill providing for a contract with the company re cently incorporated in New York, for the con struction of this road. A debate ensued, Mr. Brooke sustaining the amendment and Mr. Gwin opposing it. After further debate it was postponed. The homestead bill was fixed for Wednesday week. The Senate adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Several private bills were passed ; among which was one granting a pension to Mis. Mc- Ne l, widow of the late Major General McNeil. Mr. Dean, of New York, moved a resolution authorising the erection of a colossal statue to Gen. Washington, the rules having been sus pended for that purpose ; and that it be referred to a committee on the state of the Union—the object being to carry into effect an act of 1783. Mr. Orr moved that the roll be suspended, which required that the resolution should be re ferred to the the committee of the whole. The bill alluded to, required that the statue should be in the Roman costume, and be execu ted by a foreign artist, the resolution was amen ded, so that it should be in the Continental dress, and that the statue be executed by Clarke Mills, who produced the statue of General Jackson, recently erected. After a short and unimportant discussion, the resolution was adopted under the operation of the previous question. A bill was called up by Mr. Bowie, of Mary land, extending the provision for widows and children of officers and men who fell during the Mexican war, or who died in consequence of disease contracted there, for an additional pen sion of five years, and was ultimately passed. Mr. Marshall, of California, moved to suspend the rules to enable him to introduce a resolution placing ten millions of dollars at the diposal of the President; which being objected to, the ayes and nays were called, on a motion to suspend the rules, which was negatived—yeas 26, nays 115. Mr. Polk, of Tennessee, moved to suspend the rules to enable him to introduce a resolution granting to Clake Mills $ ,to remunerate him for the equestrian statue of Gen. Jackson, recently erec:ed in Lafayette square; which was negatived. Mr. Polk then modified the resolution by fill ing up the blank with $15,000: and the yeas and nays being taken on the suspension of the rules, the motion was negatived yeas 96, nays 65 thprft not beinf? a two-thirds vote. On motion of Mr. Houston, ot Alabama, the small note bill was referred back from the com mittee. Air. Bowie, of Maryland, objected to the pro- | cedure, as he had an amendment to propose. ■ On motion of Air. Jones, of Tenn., the special order, referring back the bill, was postponed till to-morrow. After some other business of minor impor tance, the House adjourned at an early hour. Washington, Jan. 18, 1853. SENATE. Air. Bright presented the credentials of the Hon. John Petit, Senator elect from Indiana, in the place of the Hon. James Whitcomb, deceas ed. Air. P. appeared and was sworn. Mr. Badger introduced a bill abolishing the right to hold to bail in civil cases in the District of Columbia. Mr. Shields reported back House bill appropri ating $50,000 for the erection, by Clark Mills, of an equestrian statue ot Washington, in Hie city of Washington, and it was taken up and passed. Mr. Alangum submitted a resolution, which was agreed to. directing an inquiry into the pro priety of purchasing, lor the use ol the navy, Espey’s Conical Ventilator. Mr. Soule submitted a resolution, calling for correspondence relative to the claims of citizens of the United States against Hayti. Adopted. Mr. Brooke’s resolution relative to the causes for the suspension of diplomatic relations with i Hie Nicaraguan Minister, was withdrawn, for the purpose of being offered in Executive session. Air. Cass’ joint resolution, re affirming the Monroe doctrine, was taken up. >. Air. Cass said that two Presidents—Mr. Mon roe, in 1834, and Mr. Polk, in 1845—had made this declaration, and had given good reasons why it should be adopted. Their declarations were but an Executive protest against the re-coloni zation of any part of the American continent by j any European power. Ihe right to asset!' sueli ; a right resulted from that principle of the law of nations which always adapts itself to the circum stances cf the world. The right of the title by discovery, was one resulting irorn the discovery of America, and has since become an established principle. To give any European power the right of do minion over any of the American States, or to place them in the position of dependant colonies, ; then this nation would become involved in inex- I plicable difficulty. The provinces thus colonized j would in the event of any European war, be come disturbed and involved in it as partisans of their respective governments, and in this way our commerce and relations with the world would be embarrassed and circumscribed. The right of self protection justified this declaration and its maintenance. In the correspondence between Mr. Rush and Mr. Canning, in 1824, ) this right was admitted bv Air. Canning. I When such men as Air. Monroe, Polk and Canning believed this right to be just, those who held the doctrine now could stand undismayed by the sneers and scoffs which everlastingly were thrown upon them. If such a course was right thirty years ago, how much more was it proper and necessary now, when our position has grown into strength and importance in the world. There was no doubt but that the decla ration made by Mr. Monroe had its due effect, but it was not to be denied that the opinion was fast growing in Europe that the United States did not seriously intend to hold to its declaration. It became our duty to declare that we do intend to maintain that declaration, and that if Cuba be seized upon by any European nation we will re sist it by force. The declarations of Messrs. Polk and Monroe had lain idle in the archives, and should receive a legislative sanction and force. It was evident to the world that experiments were now making on our forbearance, and being yielded to in any case, events of critical importance will be forced upon us. Our timidity and negligence have laid us open to these attacks upon our rights. Pub lic sentiment has always been right on this sub ject, and far in advance of Congress. Some years ago, when Air. Allen introduced resolu tions on this subject, the Senate refused to take them tip. It will have to be acted on at some time. The South American States were falling to pieces, and were closely watched by Euro pean Governments. They are all interested in defeating us. They will with avidity seize upon any chance of interrupting or defeating our inter course with the Pacific, and should any colony tie established on this continent by Great Britain, it will be to our annoyance and injury. All Europe is sensible of our necessity to keep up unimpaired our free and uninterrupted inter course with the Pacific and, every thing they can do, they will to defeat and injure us in this respect. France had recently attempted to get Sonora. It failed, but had it been successful no doubt could exist but what France would have insisted on her right to hold it. He had been in formed some time previous of Hie projected at tempt of France on Sonora. He read several ar ticles from French publications, showing the fe verish anxiety there to curb what they consider the pushing ambition ot the United States, and to check our progress. He had no doubt but England and France would continue their poli cy to check the United States. It should be an swered firmly by the United States, in the shape of this declaration. His resolution applied this doctrine to Cuba. He was willing to purchase Cuba—to pay a liberal price for it, yet he would rather the peo ple of Cuba, by friendly relations with Spain, or by revolution, should become independent, and then unite with us. He denied the unlimited right of Spain to sell her territory, regardless of the interests and desires of the people of Cuba. — Congress, in 1811, directed the President to seize upon Florida, in case any European nation should attempt to take it. The people of Cuba had the right to decide whether they would pre fer to join to United States, oi be transferred to another European nation, lie pointed out the immense importance of the Gulf ofMexicoto the United States, and contended that it Havana became the property of England, the month of the Mississippi in case of war, would be herme tically sealed. Spain was in no condition to do usliann, and ho was content to leave it with her as long as she could bold it, but it could not, bo transferred to any other power. He read from a debate in the English House of Commons some year ago, when Lord George Bentick declared that the way to settle the Cuban difficulty was for F.; land to distrain and take the Jslanu for the debt due by Spain, and thus put an end to American boasting by cutting our commerce in t wo. He referred also to the mortgage held by France on the Island, and read Mr Everett's reply to the two ministers, complimenting it in the highest terms. Os all the hypocricy from that of the Pharisee of old, no instance was more remarkable than that of the European governments thanking God they were not like the poor publican Ame rican, .who seized upon every thing upon which he could lay bis hands. He thought the object of France and England in making the recent offer for atiipartitetn .ily, was that they, having offered the United, States a share in the control of Cuba, would -rhen he free alone. They knew perfectly well that the:: oiler would be rejected. But they dekired free dom to destrain lor their debts. He was for no tifying them tluit the destrain could not be leviwl. , He felt sure' that at’ ho JayTrorn this ffm?' forward would the declaration of the United States be regarded as idle with respect to this subject. This declaration had been sneered at as a John Doe and Richard Roe notification.— Our forefathers issued such a notice on the 4th of July, 1776. The emperor of Russia notified the world a year ago ting; he was the regulator of the affairs of Europe, and the United States had refused to protest. The time had now come when the United States should allow no infrac tion of the laws of nations to pass unnoticed.— This resolution would pass—not now, nor per haps to-morrow—but it would certainly pass.— This nation would not, he felt assured back out, as was intimated the other day. In 1812 we entered the war. and come out of it, front for ward. He gave an eloquent history of the progress of this nation since the days of the Revolution.— Our strides had been by decades, and of these decades he had seen eight, and the progress in prosperity, wealth and power had been uninter rupted. We had progressed politically also. The right of search was once debated; it is settled now.— The practical assertion of it now would be the signal for war. Other difficulties had been over come also. The time was come when we must perform our duty according to the position which we oc cupied : and, as we performed that duty, so will we deserve the inheritance bequeathed to us. He rebuked that portion of the people who styled any man who made an important move ment a demagogue, and regretted that there were so many in this country who were not governed by patriotic feelings. He really hoped the Emperor of China would not set up a claim to California, for, if he did, the claim would find defenders here. He desired this continent to be free from European control. Our nation is not to be circumscribed by posses sions and colonies of European powers. Mr. Butler followed, agreeing mainly with Mr. Cass in his views, but inclining to the opin ion heretofore expressed by Air. Calhoun, that the declaration of Air. Monroe was t intended to apply specifically to the attempt to restore the Spanish American republics to the dominion ot Spain. Mr. Cass rejoined. Mr. Hale followed, contending that in a mili tary and commercial point of view Canada was of tenfold the importance of Cuba, and main tained that to be consistent England should be notified that she could not sell Canada to any power but the United States. He pursued this subject at great length. Air. Mason got the floor, and the Senate adj’d. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Air. Davis, of Mass., moved to re-consider the vote of a former day, disallowing the claim of Mr. Cullitnore for remuneration as a member of Congress in 1813. After a short discussion, Mr. Stuart, of Michi gan, moved to lay the motion to reconsider on the table: and the yeas and nays having been ordered, the motion prevailed—yeas BG, nays 71. Mr. Drooks, us licw Ymk, icported from the committee on ways and means a bill lor estab lishing a branch mint in the city of New York, which was read a first time. Mr. Chandler, of Pa., objected to the second reading of the bill. The morning hour having expired, the House took up the District of Columbia small note bill, and an amendment, reported by the com mittee of the whole to the first section, reducing the penalty for issuing the forbidden notes to from 50 to SSOO, was read. Air. Fieklin, of Illinois, moved the previous question ; stating, at the same time, that the re gulating the issue of notes above five dollars would form the subject of a separate bill. Tellers being appointed, there was found no quorum voting. At this jucture a message was received from the Senate. Air. Cartier, of Ohio, asked if there being no quorum voling it was competent to receive the message ? The Speaker decided in Hie negative, and the Secretary withdrew. He then decided that the yeas and nays could not be ordered but by a quorum of the House , and Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, appealed against the decision. Ths Speaker decided that the appeal could not; be entertained when there was no quorum pre sent. Air. Gorman, of Indiana, moved that the House adjourn, and tellers being appointed, the motion was negatived—yeas 36, nays 8;>, a quorum being present. Mr. Stephens insisted that the appeal should be considered, there being a quroum. The Speaker decided that the yeas and nays, which had been called when there was no quo inn, must then be put. Mr. Stephens again appealed ; and Mr. Cait ter. moved to lay the appeal upon the table ; but; again there was no quorum voting. Air. Stephens contended that this was a proof of the importance ol tho principle lor which he was contending,by which members present could be compelled to vote. The yeas and nays were then ordered upon a motion to adjourn, which was negatived—yeas 31, nays 122. The appeal was then ordered to be laid on the table—yeas 93, nays 23. The yeas ami nays were then taken on the amendment, which was agreed to—yeas 121, nays 31. A motion to lay on the table was then nega tived, and the remainder ot the bill was read, and, with one or two unimnoitant amendments, was passed, A motion was made to lay the bill upon the table, and, tellers having been appointed, it was negatived without the nays being taken. The bill was then read a third time, repeated motions to adjourn having been made —and, the previous question having been exhausted. Air. Stuart, of Michigan, moved to reconsider the vote ; but Air. Houston, of Ala., had made a motion to renew the previous question, which wax iulcr/ upted by a motion to ndjolirn. Tho previous question was then seconded. A motion to adjourn again failed. The motion to reconsider was negatived, and a motion to lay the bill on the table was again lost. The motion that the House adjourn w’as re peated, and tellers having been appointed, it was negatived—yeas 51, nays 75. The yeas and nays were then ordered on the passage on the bill, which was carried—yeas 81 nays 33. The usual motion was agreed to, to reconsider the vote, and to lay the motion to reconsider on the table, which prevents the vote from being disturbed. The House then adjourned. Currents or the Gulf. —The Nueces Val ley of the Ist inst., publishes the following, which was found enclosed in a bottle eight miles southwest of Arkansas Pass, on Mustang Island. It is signed by Capt. Newenham, of the British West India mail packet Dee: This makes the fourth bottle which 1 have thrown overboad from this packet to ascertain when picked up, if ever, the currents of the Gulf, and any other existing stream. For this purpose I have thrown overboard one off Jacmel, St. Domingo ; one off'the Colorado Reefs, when pro ceeding for Havana in April: one in the Mona Passage when going to St. Thomas in May; and this one now when neatly a day out from Jamai ca, err rou/r* for Havana and Honduras, we ate all well on board, some souls, and have had no serious Hines during the tour months (Novem ber 17th) absence from England. Wm. Newenham, Lieut. R. N. Adm. Agent. The prick of a pin often gives more acute pain than the gush inflicted by a lancet. So we pass through life ; our miner sorrows are frequently harder to bear than our greatest ul~ tlictions. A fond father demanded of his son,J aged six years, what he would do if‘his dear lather were suddenly to be taken away?’ ‘What dye mean ” inquired the youth. ‘Suppose I "! * ■ to die,’ asked the parent,‘what would you <lo ‘l’d learn to swear mid shew tobacco, ngui’ rtraight.’ Fame is like a young duck in a mud-puddle— verv easy to see, very easy to talk about al ter you have seen it, but it is an awful job tq get hold ol it.