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fctakto (ftraia i&nstitiiiiimiilisi anil tout lie _ -- ----- - • | J■■■ ' BY JAMES GARDNER, JR OfcfcUCK ON McINTO6H-Si'Kr.Ki THIAP DOOR FRUMTHN ffORTH-W KST CORNKR OF BROAD BTF.BKT. Sales of LAND by Executor*, A lnunistritors or Guar dian*. are required, by law. to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon at the Court House in which the property is situate. Notice of these sales must be given in a public Gazette, SIXTY DAYS previous to the d.tj of sale. Sales of NKGROK3 must be at Public Auction, on the lr»t Tuesday of the month, between the u ual hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the county where the Letters Testamentary, or Administration, or Guardianship, may have beau granted, first giving SIXTY DAY’S notice thereof, in one of the public Gazette* of this State, and at the door of the Court House where such sales are to be held. Notice for the sales of Personal Property must be given, in like manner. FORTY DAYS previous to day of sale. Notice to the Debtors and Creditors ot an Estate, must be published for FORTY DAYS Notice that application will bo made to the Court of Ordinarv for leave to sell LAND, must be published for TWO MONTHS Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published TWO MONTHS, before any order absolute can be given by the Court. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. One square. 12 lines. 75 rente the first insertion, and 50 cents afterwards. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS Sheriff’s Levies. 30 days. $2 ot) per levy ; 60 days. $5. Executor’s. Administrator > and Guardian’s Sales. Real Estate, (per square 121 ice*.) $4 75 Do. do. Personal Estate 3 25 Citation for Letters of Administration 2 T 5 Do. do. Dismission 4 50 Notice to Debtors and Creditors 3 25 i Tw » Meath-’ NottaM 4 VO Rules Nisi, (monthly) $1 per square, each insertion. , Obituary Notices over six lines, will be charge ! at the same rates as advertisement-. ’ LEsJAL NOTICES. CC?* Notice of the sale* of Lan I an 1 Negroes by A b j m.nistrat *r*. Exeentars or Guardian.--, must be publish- j el FORTY DAYS previous to the day of sale Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an est.de j must be published FORTY DAYS. Notice that application will be made to the ; Court of OrJinarv for leave to sell Land er Negroes. . m i<t b« published TWO MONTHS, weekly Notice of application k letU is of A-liuinUua- i i MONTHS—Dismission of Guardian*. FORTY PAY'S. j of peronal property of a perishable ua- | tare, by the Act of 1552. by Executors and Adiuinistra- , tors, at the discretion of the Ordinary, upon not les.- I than TEN D AY'S notice. Sale-bv regular Aduiiuistra- ; ter*, as under the old law. FORTY DAYS. ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, are at OCR , RISC. AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26. Fine Cotton. We learn that on Thursday S 4 bales of degen erated Mastodon Cotton, from the plantation of | Mr McCalla. Abbeville District. South Caroli- j na were sold by Messrs. I’hinizy Sc Clayton I at 11 cents. At an Anniversary Meeting of the Savannah I Chamber of Commerce held Febuary 23.1, the l tollowing officers were re-elected for the en suing V ear Robert Habersham, President. Charles Gress, Ist Vice do. Edward Paddleford. 2d do. Abraham Minis. Secretary and Treasurer. > ‘ Committer of Appeals— Joseph Washburn. Hen- ‘ rv Roser. Isaac Cohen, Joseph S. Fay, Geo. R. Cumming, Wm. Duncan. The Greenville Southern Patriot learns that ) 1 General Bonham has been on a visit to Presi- ; ’ dent Pierce, and has received the appointment I ( of the consulship at Liverpool. This is one ot j ■ the very best offices within the gift ot the ad- I 1 ministration, and is worth fifteen or twenty I j thousand dollars per annum. , Diamonds. —The Asheville News says that it j ) is reported that Mr. Deaver, in the north end of ; , Buncombe, has recently found a substance ) strouglv resembling, and believed by many to j be. the pure Diamond. At all events, it will ! cut both glass and steel. He will no doubt have j the matter properly examined. Should it prove ! . to be the diamond, his fortune is made, as he has I several pieces of large size. Subscriptions have beer, raised to the amount | of $21,000, and scholarship to the amount of | $21,000 have been raised for the North Alaba- 1 ma College, which is to be located at Hunts- ■ ville, Ala., a healthy and beautiful town. Lumber on the St. John's River.—On Fri- ! day last 10 vessels crossed the St. John's Bar ! < with 1.200.000 feet of lumber in the short space i of two hours. P More Coffer near the Rabun Gap.—We J ) mentioned, some time ago, (says the Charleston ! _ StandaHlJ that a valuable Copper Mine had t • been opened in Polk county, Tennessee. This i is confirmed, and. what is better still, the ore is i < found to extend into North-Carolina, in the di- ‘ rection of the Rabun Gap route. It has been ) . found in Cherokee county, North-Carolina, and ) ; the Asheville News says that a company of ! 1 Englishmen are now working it successfully. | ’ The ore is said to be strongly impregnated with I ( silver. We are not informed of the exact loca- i < tion of this mine, but in any part of Cherokee i t county, it must be much nearer to the route of j ! the Rabun Gap Road than to any other outlet. , ‘ The total number of vessels employed in con- ' veying passengers to New-York during the year ( ( 1352, was 2,190, and the whole number of pas- ' , eengers Landed was 340,144. The emigration | i from Germany was the largest, amounting to j ’ 118,611; while from Ireland there were 118,131. j * The German emigration has more than doubled : , the average of preceding years, and embraces i 1 48,728 more than in 1851, while the Irish have ! * fallen off 15,119, or nearly one-quarter lass in , in number than in 1851. The receipts of the | 4 Commissioners of Emigration during the year - .were 5572,529, and the expenditures 8569,516; ■ ’ ■tearing a balance of $2,812. Since the organi y.atswi of the Board, the expenditures for build--] »ngs, &e., have reached $300,000. < The WhAllng Fleet in the North Pacific. ( ; The Newburyport Mercury gives some inter- . < esting statements from the Sandwich Island s Polynesian to Dec. 15, relative to the whaling ' 1 business of last year: ! £ During the year 200 ships have visited the t port of Honolulu; 101 the port of Lahaina, and ■ t 38 the port of Hi 10—339 at all the ports: but ) t as many of the«e ehips touched at all three of I i the ports, we find that but 275 different ships j t have touched at the island this fall. Estimating these ships, with their < outfits at $40,000 each, it is ehs-wn that the value of this ) i fleet would be 311,000,000 00 i 1 243,280 sp oil, at 80c. is.. 433,624 00 \ < 13,879.397 gxlte wh. oil, at 50c is 6.649,948 50 ) 1 5.357,737 bbls, bone, at 25c. is.. 1,339,444 35 ) < Total value of vessel »fi.'l carg0e.«,519,414.016 85 I In estimating the vaii*. of these cargoes, says the Polynesian, it will be that we have I used figures at Least one-third les» than the ac tual value of the various products in home j market, which will alLw a wide margin sos ' freight and other charges bogie, losses, commis sion. &c. The number of seamen attached to these 275 : ships, is probably'lo,ooo, besides masters and mates. The average value of the past season’s catch to each of the 271 right wbslers, is $2.3,546 75. The national character of these ships is as i follows: American 258; French 10; Bremen 4: English. Chilean and Hawaiian, each one. From the facta above brought to view, we are I war.’anted in the conclusion that a more sue- ’ cessfoi whaling season has never crowned that | branch of business since the ‘ inconsiderable villages or ha nlets” of.New Bedford, Nantucket, , Fairhaven, NeW London, &c., commenced ope- s rations, in delving for the wealth of the ocean. From th* flains. The Lou is ville Courier, <rt ib# 10th inst.,has ; the following telegraphic information, jiated the | f>th inst., from Independence, Mo: The Salt Lake mail reached here yesterday' . i bringing us dates of the 11th January from Port Laramie. Beyond that point the carriers have not been able to go or come for three or four months on account of snow. Such a winter has not been known in that region for many years. The American Fur Company have lost many of their cattle and horses. Buffaloes and antelopes are found dead in some of the cannons, having been frozen. Tutt’s company, of which I wrote you last, have moved their camp a few miles over to some neighboring timber. Quite a number of the men are frost-bitten, and a lew more cattle have j •lied. The snow between Laramie and Kearny has not malted much—its average depth is fifteen inches. The mail party Lad to follow the meander!rigs of the river, and pack their provisions and mail. We have no local newtof interest. The ther mometer indicated one degree below zero this morning. The stock of Tobacco, in the State warehous es, in Baltimore, on the Ist of January, 1853 was 11,759 hhds.; inspected last week 100 Idids..’ inspected previously 346 hhds—making in all 12,105 hhds. Exported since January Ist, to foreign ports,l,lß2 hhds. Stock now in ware houses and on shipboard 10,925 hhds. Advises from Athens, Greece, state that Dr. King is performing his missionary labois in qui preaahing every Sabbath a» formerly. I’ue Nicaragua Route and the Mosquito d Protectorate. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT, i I Washington, Feb. 18. f : The President transmitted to-day to Congress i the following important documents on the s'lb j ject ot the Nicaragua Canal and the Mosquito s ' Protectorate ; r To the Ornate and House of Repnseniativss: , ; I transmit a report from the Secretary ot * ; State, embodying the substance of recent com t munications made by the Minister ot her Bri tannic Majesty and the Department of State on the subject of the inter-oceanic canal by the Nicaraguan route, which formed the chief object ‘ ot the treaty, between the United States and f | Great Britain, of April 19th, 1850. and the re!a --1 tions of Great Britain to the protectorate ol Mosquito, which she expresses herself desirous , of relinquishing, on terms consisten t with hei , honorable engagements to the Indians oi that I name. ' , In consequence of these communications, and 1 other considerations stated in the report, it is ' deemed advisable by the department that our l diplomatic relations with the States ot I’entral America should l>e placed on a higher and more 1 efficient footing, and the measure meets my ap [ probation. . The whole subject is one of so much delicacy : and imjxKtance. that I should Lave preferred, so near the close oi my administration, not to make it the subject of an executive communication. But inasmuch as the measure proposed cannot, even if deemed expedient by my successor, take eflcct for near a twelvemonth, unless an appro priation is made by this Congress, I have thoimbt it my duty to submit the report of the department to the two houses. The importance ol the measure seemed to require an exposition J ; wje#bt i.<.-i-th- OM -weh ft | Millard Fillmore. Washington, Feb. ISth, 1853. ' I To thr Presi lent of the United Slates . Department of State, I | Washington, Feb. 16th, 1553. J Sir—Recent communications have been made ■ to this Department by the British Minister, re ’ lative to the affairs of Central America, of j q which I deem it my duty to report to you the ■ substance. It may first be proper to observe that the rela i tions of the United States with some of the | ! States of Central America have of late years as sumed an importance w holly out of proiiortion ; to the political consequence of these small Re i publics, or the extent of our commercial inter- ! course with them, which is considerable. This j importance grows chiefly out of the fact that one i of the most advantageous routes of inter-oceanic ! communication lies through this region. The ! public policy ot the United States presents few ob jects at the present day of equal intercourse be tween our Atlantic Coast and the members of the Union on the Pacific. It was mainly to ef fect this object that the treaty of April 19th, 1850, was negotiated between the United States and Great Britain. By this treaty the high ■ ccntracting parties bound themselves to use their influence with any State or States, or govern ments possessing or claimingto possess any juris- ; diction over the territory which the proposed ship canal may traverse, or which shall be near the waters applicable thereto, in order to induce | such States or Governments to facilitate the con- ; struction thereon by every means in their pow- > er; and they also agreed to use their good offices wherever or however it may ae most expedient in order to procure the establishment of two free ports at each end of the canal. It was also stipu lated by the treaty of April 19th, 1850. that if any , differences should arise as to right or property over the territory through which the said canal ; shall pass, between the States or Governments of Central America, and such differences should in any wav impede or obstruct the execution of the said canal, the Governments ot the United States and Great Britain would use their good offices to settle such differences in the manner best suited to promote the interests of the said canal. In the execution of this stipulation, certain I propositions were agreed upon by this depart ment and the British minister in the mouth of April last, having for their object to settle terri- i torial controversies which existed between the States and governments bordering on the line of the canal. These terms of settlement were as sented to by Costa Rica, but did not prove ac- i ceptable to Nicaragua. In making these propo sitions to the States interested, and in all the negotiations carried on by this government, the I only object has been to secure, as far as possible, , the passage of the canal through one and the j same civilized State, in order to preclude the 1 evils too likely to arise from its passing through < more than one jurisdiction, and to exercise the ■ < influence and mediation of the United States, { i •which had been invoked by the parties in con- j troversy in the manner best calculated to pro- < mote their respective interests. The conflicting . : claims of Great Britain and Nicaragua with ref- i < erence to Mosquito are among the difficulties ' which embarrass this subject. These difficulties 1 arise principally from the fact that the port of | San Juan del Norte, the eastern outlet of the canal is claimed to belong to the Mosquito terri- i tory. By the first article of the treaty of 19th I April 1850, the two parties agree that neither : the one nor the other will ever erect or maintain any fortification commanding the canal, or ini the vicinity thereof, or occupy, or fortify, or col onize, or assume or exercise any dominion over . Nicaragua. Costa Rica, the Mosquito Coast, or , any part of Central America. But the relations of Great Britain to Mosquito and the Mosquito Indians, o’, er whom she claims to have exercis- ; ed a protectorate for a long course of years, re- j mained under this treaty somewhat indetermi nate. The port of San Juan del Norte, to which , the name of Greyhound has been given by Great Britain, though claimed as within the limits ot a protectorate, has for about a year been really governed. in the name of the titular King of Mosquito, by a committee of five American cit izens. chosen by the people. Nicaragua claims the rightful sovereignty over this port—from 1 which her authorities were, after a brief posses ion, ejected by a British force in January, 1848 ; and over the whole Mosquito region ; of which, j however, it is maintained by Great Britain, that ; Nicaragua never at any time had possession. Information has lately been received at this ) Department from the Minister of Her Britannic \ Majesty, that the company which had contract, ed to build a ship canal across the isthmus of , Nicaragua, having found it impossible to carry | out the plan as originally contemplated, has re solved to propose to the government of Nica ragua, a modification of that plan, with the view of constructing a canal of smaller dimen sions than those specified in the contract, and the British Minister has been instructed to in timate to this department that if this informa tion should prove correct, her Majesty’s govern ment would feel themselves at liberty, under the seventh article of the Treaty of 19th April, 1850, to withdraw their protection from that country, and to transfer it to any other compa- ! ny which should undertake a canal on the origL | nal plan, it being deemed of the utmost impor- < tar.ee by the British government that the great | conception of an inter-oceanic canal, adapted to i the accommodation of the vessel* of the whole I commercial world, should not dwindle down to | an ordinary transit route for coasting vessels, j which to distant nations would be comparative- | ly destitute of value. The British Minister has I also been instructed to signify to this department, ! that since Great Britain first assumed the pro tection and defence of the Mosquito Indians, the position of all parties had changed. Spain, in stall of exercising absolute sovereignty over Central America, and prohibiting all commerce on the coasts qn<Ur her way, has entirely lost her dominion over all pgrt* of this continent. The Mosquito Indians, instead of governing their own tribe according to the custom of their race, furnish only a name and title, by which for eigner* trading at San Juan del Norte, and along the Mosquito coast, according to the usages of civilized State*, exercise the effective govern ment of the country. In consequence of these changes Great Britain, instead of having, as for merly, an interest in the defence of the Mosqui to Indians, for the sake of exempting a part of the territory of Central America, from Spanish control, and thereby obtaining admission for her commerce, has no other interest in Mosquito, but such as she derives from an honorable re gard to her old connexion with the Mosquito nation of Indians. It has been further stated to the Department, by the British Minister, that Her Majesty’s Government has lor several years endeavored to suit her engagements to iut altered state of the case, but that every pro posu that effect has encountered insuperable obstacles. '|'iu contentions in Central Ameri ca. between Nicaragu*, Costa Rica and Hon dniras; the absence nf an/ authority with which a permanent agreement pould madp. ami various other causes hjtherto preVcnted a settlement of this vexatious ques *' The British Government regard* the Commit tee of Government of San Juan del Norte, above referred to. as in fact the real power which ex (•rcifip** authority in that part ol Central A men ca It would be a matter of indifference to Great Britain whether that authority was exer cised in the name of the King of Mosquito, or in the name of the city of San Juan del Norte it self But it is desired by the British Govern merit, that the apparent state of things should be made to conform to the reality, which is not now the case, the Government being nominally carried on in the name of the King of Mosquito while it is really exercised by the Committee, organized at San Juan del Norte or fosytown, under a popular election. What the Bntish Government would consider a good and final ad justn.ent would be, first-that San Juan del Norte or Greytown, should be a free and inde pendent port, connected with Mosquito by such relations of friendship and alliance as may be agreed upon—secondly, that indemnification or advantageous equivalents to those laid down in the project of Convention ol the 13th ot April, 1852, should be assured to Mosquito in return for S)r withdrawal from its present position in ref erence to San Juan del Norte,— thirdly, that the limited States and Great Britain, without for mally guaraijt<wing San Juan de! Norte, should be ready to act in concert to defend the inde pendence ot the free city or port in whatever quarter it may be attacked. The British Gov. ernment deem it essential that the city and port ot San Juan del Norte, or Greytown, should be established either in a state of unqualified inde pendence with an engagement to defend Mos quito, or of qualified independence, owing alle ’ giance and support to Mosquito.—from which it will be perceived,first, that in consideration ot the altered state of things under which it grew up, that Government desired to relieve it- j self from the protectorate of the Mosquito Indi ans. pror ided that a security can be obtained for them against the incursions from the neighbor ing States. Secondly, that the British Govern- j nient regards the erection of San Juan del Norte i into a free and independent citv. whose political ! condition would resemble that of the free cities I ol Germany, as the best course to be puisued for the settling ot the controversy relative to the I sovereignty of that place, and as the most con-I venient mode insuring protection as to the Mos- I | quite Indians. Thirdly, that though a formal ' I guaranty of the tree city' is not proposed to be { I entered into by the two powers. Great Britain 1 desires the concurrence of the United States in j effecting these objects. An opinion from this Department on the merit j of these suggestions as a mode of settling the j questions at issue in this part of Centra! America | would, under existing circumstances, be of little j weight. They are given only as the views of ! ■ the British Government. It may be proper, i | however, to state that in the opinion of the De- j | partmentit would be more advisable that the! I two Governments should use their influence with j I Nicaragua, to induce her to accept the proposi- I tions of the 13th of April, 1552. In lieu of an I indemnity in money to Mosquito for relinquish- | j nig her claims to San Juan del Norte, it is sag- : tha HrDt«'r.4MwHBWIIFW*rasFsuTeTT i accmily for a certain fixed territory should be the • : consideration for that object. For these purposes I i they propose to dispatch some person qualified to ’ j treat with the authorities of this city, and in I case the United States concur in these views, the I ; British Government would recommend that a I ■ new convention in place of the unaccepted j I agreement of tbe 30th of April, 1852, should be ■ I proposed and concluded, and that a person well | i qualified for the purpose should be sent by this I j Government to act conjointly with the Com-I missioner ot her Britannic Majesty. The British ; Government is not unaware of the difficulties arising from the fact that certain neighboring States deny altogether the independence of Mos quito, and that the Mosquito tube of Indians are liable every day to new incursions upon their territory. They do not expect to makeacom i plete provision against this danger. They con sider it their duty to do what is required by hon or and humanity in behalf of the -Mosquito na tion. declaring at the same time that they intend to adhere strictly to the treaty of Washington of the 19th of April, 1850, and not to assume any sovereignty, direct or indirect,in Central Ameii- 1 ca. Such is the substance of tbe communica- 1 tion which within a few days have been made 1 to this Department by the British Minister, ini- 1 der the direction ot his Government. Recent • events are believed to encourage the expectation I ' that an effort of this kind would be successful. | ] However this may be the communications of the British Minister, made by order of his Govern ment, will no doubt, be regarded as a satisfactory indication of a desire on the part of Great Britain, by resigning the protectorate of Mos quito, to remove one of the most serious embar- ! rassments of the case. They seem to this De partment also to suggest the expediency ot a new effort to induce all parties to enter into an amicable settlement of their conflicting claims i and interests. Such an effort might advantage-' ously begin by putting the diplomatic relations I of the United States with Central America on ! a better footing. Os the five States included under that name. I Costa Rica and Nicaragua have appointed min isters plenipotentiary to this government, and I the Costa Rican minister is also minister pleni- . potentiary of Guatemala. The United States ■ have at present a charge d’affairs to Guatemala, ! appointed the last of August, who, for causes I beyond the control of the department, has not j proceeded to his post. To the other States of Central America we have no representative. : The Secretary is of opinion, taking into view these circumstances with the great magnitude j of the interest of the United States to be pro- I moted by the construction of the Canal, the im- ■ portanee, delicacy and complication of the terri- j torial and political relations above referred to, I with the overture for our friendly concurrence i made by the British Government, that much j benefit might attend the appointment of a full ; minister to Central America, to be accredited j to each of the Governments included in that ■ name, to reside successively at each of their cap- ; tolsas he should deem expedient, with full pow- 1 ers to treat with any or all of them, and with! instructions to use the influence which his rank ; WOuM gi e iron “ , ■ greus s of reconciliation. If some distinguished cit?- I zen of the United States, possessing the high i qualifications required for the trust, should be ; despatched upon this friendly mission, there is i reason to hope that he would be able to con- ! vince the Governments concerned that nothing can be gained among equals by adhering to ex treme right pretensions, however strong the conviction in which they are founded, when an opposite conviction is entertained by tbe other party. That their true interests lie in a com promise of their conflicting claims—that the mediation of the United States and Great Brit ain may be honorably and safely accepted, and that its only alternative is a too probable suc cession of border warsand domestic convulsions, which can have no other effect than that of de feating the great work of inter-oceanic commu nication, and in other respects inflicting the most deplorable calamities upon countries which, in the pursuit of the arts of peace, might attain a high degree of prosperty. In addition to these considerations in favor of the proposed mea sures, it may be mentioned that there are im portant private interests of American citizens at and near San Juan del Norte, which merit) the protection of an influential Representative j of the Government. Nothing would be added ! to the expense of our diplomatic relations with I Central America beyond the outfit, by substi- j tuting a full Minister for two of the lower rank, i It may be stated that our Charge d’Affairs to ) Nicaragua bas already been directed, on a con tingency of not improbable occurrence, to re- j turn to the United States, and that the appoint- I ment of a Charge d’Affairs to Guatamala has | been invoked. The action of Congress being requited for the appropriations necessary to car- I ry the proposed measure into effect, it is respect fully recommended that this report should be | communicated to the two Houses. Respectfully submitted, Edward Everett. Extension or the South-Western Rail Road.—The Engineers are now actively en gaged in surveying a route from Oglethorpe to Americus. They have passed over one of the proposed lines, and find the distance to be nine teen and a half miles. They are now on a se- j cond route, and will probably survey a third, whan one of them will be selected. The pros pects are highly favorable for the early comple tion of this road. All the stock required to be taken by the citizens of Sumter, has been sub scribed for, and the first instalment paid in. The terminus of this road, must, for some time, remain at Americus, which is now a flourishing village. Owing to its established character for health, handsome location, and the high reputa tion of its inhabitants, it will be resorted to as a place of residence for many wealthy planters residing in less favored sections; and we would not be surprised if it should, in a few years, be equal in business and population to any other town in South-Western Georgia.— Macon Mes senger, 23d inti. N. & C. Railroad.— We had the pleasure yesterday of a brief interview with Col. Steven son. President of the above Road, who is now in our city, attending to some business connected with hi* Road. He is on his way to Charles ton, to effect, if he can, arrangements, for through tickets from that city, via Nashville to New Or leans. Col. Stevenson informs us, that owing to the bad weather, the work on the Road north of the river has not progressed as expected, but the Road will be completed to the river in six or seven weeks. The Work on the Bridge is get ting along finely. He has brought over a large additional force to remove the obstruction* on the Road between this and the river, occasioned by the slide. By the fall he expects to have his ears running to Chattanooga. So much for in domitable energy ! — Chattanooga Gaiette, Slid inst. Merchants and Shoplkeepers in Havana. Mr. Fuller, of the New York Mirror, in one of his letters from Havana, says: It is a well known fact that nearly all the merchants and shop-keepers of Havana are na tive Spaniards, and they are not only contented, but fanatically devoted to the Spanish Govern ment. A large proportion of this class came to Cuba as adventurers, and began life as clerks, on small salaries. After accumulating five hundred dollars, they would purchase a share in a joint stock slave trading company, ami in the course of a year or two, receive a profit in the shape of a dividend amounting to ten thousand dollars, which sum re-invested in the same business,soon made them millionaires. These nabobs then generally return to Spain to spend their ill-got ten fortunes, leaving a crop of clerks to follow in the footsteps of their inhuman predecessors. It is, perhaps, not generally known that some of our New York “ merchant princes,” whose sudden wealth has been attributed to the sugar business, have derived their largest revenues from capital slyly invested in the slave trade. Persons who are curious in such matters may learn further particular* by making inquiries in Havana. The Murdered German Girl.—The recent investigation of the Coroner’s Jury, relating to the late terrible murder of the German girl, at Newark, N. J., has Jed to the discovery of a row dyism prevalent in that city, calculated to aston ish the moral and considerate part of the com munity. Organized gangs of rowdies, it is said, have been traced to thuir haunts, and facts de veloped, which call loudly for energetie nn»a suios of reform. A! (U S’! 1 GEOKGIA, WEDNESDAY WRNING, MARCH 2, 185: | Tro,a the A'. O. I’iruyune, 2lstinst.\ ARRIVAL OF THE ALBATROSS. 15 DAVS LATER I ROH SAN I RANHStO- NEW ROUTE TO CALIFORNIA. By the steamship Albatross, Capt. McNeil, we have received files of San Francisco papers to the Ist inst. . t The following letter from the Special Mail Agent (who will accept our thanks for the late papers) details the new route : Nkw Orleans, Feb. 20, 1853. i Gentlemen— l have just arrived in this city ; with a California mail, with dates upto Febiuary ! 2d This mail crossed the Republic of Mexico, j from Acapulco to Vera Cruz, in five days and a j half, and from Vera Cruz has been broughtto I New Orleans by the steamer Albatross. j This is the quickest time that has ever been i made, I believe, but vet over this, the Ram , sey line, it cun be done two or three days sooner at this time: and when the line is in order, five ' to seven days sooner. j I enclose you a few papers, and the census of i California. | Very respectfully yours, J. Egbert Farnum. Special Mail Agent, A. M. and I. N. Co. | The following steamers left San Francisco the ; Ist inst.: The Tennessee, carrying the mails, and the Cortes, for Panama; and the Pacific, at 9 a. tn., for San Juan del Sud; Among tHe'pas ■ senger* on the Tennessee are Signor and Signora Biscaccianti, J. M. Goggeu, Esq., Postal Agent, I and John M. Freeman. j The Tennessee has on board 82,430,035 in | treasure. j Among the arrival. rtIWW-. .' t f r.' rn »>,- "W’ Tafi.tury, tuere were thrac ! seis from Boston, two from New York, three i from Europe, four from China, one from Hono- I lulu, and sixteen from the West Coast of the | American Continent. Among the arrivals is | that of the splendid clipper ship Flying Fish, | Capt. Edward Nichols, from New York, after a i brilliant passage of ninety-two days. This trip ! has only been excelled in the instances of the Flying Cloud and Sword Fish, the former having | reached here in eighty-nine and the latter in I ninety-one days. A resolution has been introduced in the Cali fornia Legislature as follows: That the Committee on Federal Relations be instructed to prepare and report to the Senate, at an early day, a memorial to Congress, asking, first, for the immediate repeal ot the Act of Congress entitled “ An act to ascertain and set tle the private land claims in the State of Cali fornia,” approved March 3, 1851. Second, to pass an act conferring power on the U. S. Dis trict Courts of this State to ascertain and settle ; all Spanish and Mexican land grants in this State, according to the principles of law and equity, and of the treaty of Hidalgo, which act shall, in its principal provisions, be based upon and correspond to the provisions of the several acts to authorize the U. S. District Courts in the States of Florida, Louisiana, Missouri and Ala bama to hear and determine all applications for the confirmation of land grants within said States. The contributions to the Washington Monu j ment Fund collected at the polls in California ) amount to $3,879 29. The census returns lor California give as total I population of the State 224.435 ; acres of land ) in cultivation 110.748; capital invested, quartz ■ mining $5,874,405, placer mining. $4,174,319 ; ; other mining operations $3,851,623 ; for other purposes $41,061,933. A party of gentlemen have left San Francisco i I for the purpose of establishing a new town on I i the Pacific coast. The location designed for the ! ■ site of the city is at Point St. George, situated j ) some thirty miles above Trinidad. It has a line though small harbor, which is sheltered from the { ; effects of the northwest winds that prevail upon j our coast. The Sacramento and American rivers are ) within their natural banks. From Stockton. Mr. J. H. Carson, reported dead some days | since, has turned up again, and is in all the en- i joyment of his health and faculties. The Republican says, “we received a very in- ) foresting communication from him last evening. | One of his friends had actually taken out letters ! of administration to look after his estate.” The tunnel company at Douglas’s are taking i out from SSOO to $3,000 a day. At Carson’s ) many are taking out three ounces a day. Great excitement existed in Calaveras county inconsequence of the depredations committed by a band of Mexican marauders, led by a man W’ho had been concerned in the murder of four I Americans. He levied his “black mail,’ gener- j ally upon the Chinese population. With his I band he would enter their tents and compel them,! to furnish him with rponev and cook for biro andC ins aucotnp ices wh»teve» (ney requxrt P>V party oi five men came upon their camp where there were twelve of the robbers with a large I number of animals. | Finding they were not strong enough to make | the attack, they returned to San Andres for an I addition to their force. In the meantime the ! robbers proceeded (in the night time) to the ) Pbcenix Mills. Two men were asleep in the ) house at the time, but were awoke by the firing of guns by the Mexicans. Both of these Amer icans were killed, though not until they had mortally wounded one of the gang. The rob bers then left, leaving their wounded comrade to take care of himself. He crawled to a tent some distance down the river, but was tracked by his blood on the following morning and disposed of by the enraged people. Joaquin, as we under stand, committed other outrages on the same night. On the next morning some 300 armed miners assembled ; despatched bodies of armed men to the ferries on the Stanislaus and Calve ras, so as to prevent their escape, and then com menced a systematic search lor Joaquin and his associates. At the same time they resolved to burn the habitations ot the Mexicans indiscrim inately, deprive them of the arms they might have in possession, and give them all notice to 1 quit. We are glad to hear that one of the gang has i been caught at Yankee Camp and another at I 1 Cherokee Ranch. Both were immediately strung 1 U P- . . . I The entire Mexican population has been driv- : ) en from San Andres and the forks of the Calve- I ras. The greatest excitement prevails in every j direction. If an American meets a Mexican lie takes his horse, his arms, and bids him leave. ' The Americans engaged in tbe band are divided into gangs, and are stationed in every part of the : county. ! We understand that a mass meeting was held i at Double Springs on Wednesday morning, and resolutions passed approving of what had been done, and making it the duty of every American citizen, at all events, to exterminate the Mexi can race from the county. The foreigners should first receive notice to leave, and if they refused they were to be shot down and their property confiscated. Tbe advices from the mining districts are veiy favorable. The Placer Herald, of Saturday, says : On Thursday last, Messrs. S. P. Ogden & Co. took from their claim in Hughes’s ravine, near Ophir, a lump of pure gold weighing thirty ounces, sl4 50; also, ssl in fine gold. This was all taken out in half a day. Nearly S6OO ! certainly a pleasant morning’s recreation. On Wednesday there was another lump ta ken out near Ophir, weighing twenty ounces. One day this week there was forty ounces of gold taken out of one claim in Doty’s Flat Rav ine. The weather for the past week has been very favorable to mining operations, the weather be ing dry and the water in the ravines sufficient for all demands, consequently the miners have improved the opportunity, and the result of their labor has been amply remunerated. In the neighborhoods of Ophir, Doty’* Flat and Gold Hill, it ha* been a remarkably successful week. We hear of numerous lumps being taken out in those localities within a few days past. A correspondent from Ophir, under date of January 17, says: The miners are doing extraordinary well, and I pretend to have some knowledge of what I am saying, I do not think the miners in this vicini ty are realizing a much greater average than the same number in any other community in Cali fornia. The miners in the main ravine above or below this place, and those of Dutch ravine, Hughes’s ravine, Hamburgh flat, Doty’s flat, Red ravine, North ravine and Spanish ravine, and many other tributaries of the main Auburn ravine, supply themselves from this place, and on a Sunday, when all are congregated together Ophir is a perfect beehive of a town. A party of some eight men, at Lynch’s rancho, Yuba county, caught an old Indian chief at Frenchtown, who they heard bad been making threats because of the previous killing of some fifteen or twenty of his tribe, and deliberately took him out and hung him. This, of couise, says the State Journal, in the language polite of refined and civilized butchery, could not be de nominated murder. From San Diego. The San Francisco Daily Whig has files of Los Angeles Star to the 22d January. Mr. Dunn, who shot Marshall at Santo Barba ra, has been acquitted. Killed.—Sergeant Warren, a veteran soldier, well known in Los Angeles and tbe vicinity, was found dead in the outskirts of San Diego a few day* ago. The marks upon his person proved clearly that, hi* death was the result of violence, and from some circumstances connect ed with the finding of the body it seems to be clearly established that he was killed by Indians. —Star. A deserter named Childreth was arrested at San Pedro last week upon the charge of desert ing from the Mounted Rifles, in New Mexico. He is suspected of having murdered two dra goons who deserted with him.— lh. A letter from San Diego says. A surveying party, under the direction of Lieut. G. H. Derby, U.S. Topographichical En gineers, arrived here last week, and have com menced a survey of the San Diego river, for the purpose of reporting a plan for turning the chan nel of the stream into the false bay, under the river and harbor act passed at tbe last session of ' ’ Ihe harbor of San Diego has been g |B 'l|!!v filling tip for many years, and bids fair to (t'm-ly ruined ],ut for the timely relief • now (-out to be bestowed. From China. AH San Francisco Whip of the Ist inst. says ;*V V* Pathfinder, yesterday, we are in re ceipt 0) our files of Shangbae and Hong Kong papersrfur whL'h we tender our sincere thanks to < John W. Macy, the gentlemanly com mindef ol the clipper. Our dates from the north if China are to November 28th, and from Mo’, 1 n K t° December Bth, two weeks later. » 'Wmig Kong Gazette contains news re i‘“’ rebellion, but, we have learned to rear aueh as of little or no moment. It states that « peisons were taken and executed, one was to pieces, and another strangled. Tie Admiral of Kwang-si has been deprived of all bis tenors, and transported to the frontiers, for ha eigs nt in his resignation on a plea of sickny. at a time when his services were most ncc 1 A < Jienlty li id occurred at Whampoa be twe i te American and British Vice Consuls, rela’iv so runaway seamen. The matter re sulted I’ttfae institution of a suit by Mr. Hunt, the A'■’yican Vice Consul, againstJMr. Bird, British sce Consul, for defamation of character —dam; * laid at SIO,OOO. T : ir|‘4’,ister, speaking of the Chinese emi grate * and Australia, says : L pelican friends ought to know their * ?ss best, but they are certainly for putting an end to a trade that was and supplying them i iBKpWy unt tbe Worst citizens ol which boast. ontempoiary informs - ,***7 - ... . s l’<c C.’.:- i.ewc f.on eMigratfu'g to the Australian dig gings. An's denying directly this crotchet of our contemf u£ry, we can only say that as long as there is | poor man in England desirous to emigrate, Wi have no desire to see his place fill ed by a Chhese. There hax been several practical attacks of the usual kihl in the neighborhood ot Hong kong. The Rev. J. J. Roberts, a native of North Carolina, who las been residing some years in China, writes t remarkable letter to a friend in California relati eto the Chinese rebellion. He says: The chief leady in this affair turns out to be, as I learned at Hifigkong, a man whose surname is Hung, name Say-Chuen. He came to Can ton and studied Ch.istianity for several months, some five or six ylnrs ago. And, instead of raising a rebellion with a design of upsetting the Government, he seens rather struggling for re ligious liberty, and isupsetting idolatry He is a man of no extraoriinarv appearance, about five feet four or five inAeshigh, well built, round faced, ra<filar in his features, rather handsome, about middle aged, and nf gentlemanly manners. While here.be applied hinselfto the study of the Scriptures, daily commifling them to memory; and maintains a blameless deportment. He re quested to be baptised, bur, left for Kwangsi be fore we were fully satisfiel of his fitness. When he first came to us he brought some pieces of poetry and other »ssays, which he had written respecting the Christian religion, the knowledge of which he professed to have deriv ed, first, from a tract receive! at one of the ex aminations in Canton, and secondly, from a vis ion he had white sick, which he said corrobora ted the doctrines learned out of the book, and hence he believed in the true God, and came to i Canton expressly to be instructed, and to learn | the way of the Lord more perfectly from his own word. * * * I am informed that about ) 100,009 are numbered on the side of the chief; I that he is popular among the people, treating ) them with respect, generosity and kindness. A tetter from the King ol Siam, received at ! Hong Kong, states that his queen died at the j royal palace of Bankok on the 19th of October ) —her infant son having died on the 18th of Au ! gust. I One of thp most interesting regattas that was ‘ ever witnessed at jfacacg took place on the 2d j otjDecember. An unusual degree of interest had I been created on this occasion from the appear- I ance on the “ field” of a new yacht, lately built ! at Canton by an American gentleman, on a ) model furnished by tbe constructor of the far I famed America. | From the Sandivich Islands.— Dates from Ho n) olulu to January Ist have been received at San ) Francisco. The news is of but slight interest. ) An election for two Representatives was to have taken place at Honolulu on the 3d inst. A joint stock company had been organized for carrying on a sugar plantation at the islands. The new' constitution was publicly proclaim j ed on the 6th of December. The news of this death of Mr. Webster was received at Honolulu with profound regret.— : “'l. : s’cil pines •'Jho harbor nvmberinc sixtv- P seven coio.'s a. nun/maK. A.. I ' From Oregon. , Dates from Astoria to the 21st ult. had been I received at San Francisco. i The Upper Willametta and its tributaries ) were higher than they had ever before been known. ! The Oregonian, of the Bth, says: At Oregon City several buildings have been washed away, and it is reported that two saw mills and one flour milll have also been destroy ed. Linn City bas also sustained considerable injury by the destruction of several buildings. We have noticed for several days timber, roofs of houses, and other evidences of destruc tion floating past our city. At this place the only damage the flood has done thus far is to the wharves. The same paper, of the 1 Sth, says: Thfr rivet has fallen several feet since our last, and the amount of damage is not so great as was apprehended on the lower Willametta. We hear that it has been very heavy on the upper Willametta and its tributaries. Gen. Palmer’s mill,at Dayton,on the Yamhill river, has been carried away: and several bridges, among them, the one at Lafayette, have sustained serious damage. At Oregon City only one saw mill was entirely destroyed; but the flumes, railways, ■ bridges, &c„ leading to the flouring mills, were i either carried away or materially damaged.— I Several small dwelling houses were swept away I and others injured. Linn City also sustained ; considerable loss of buildings, &c., the extent of which we have been unable to learn. A man by the name of Gates, late from lowa, was frozen to death near Dayton, Yamhill coun ty, a few days since. He leaves a wife and chil dren. The steamer James P. Flint, which was sunk last fall neai Cape Horn, on the Columbia river, has been raised and taken to Vancouver, and will soon be repaired and in good running order. [From the N. O. Picayune, 21st inst-1 IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO. By the efr-anwhip Albatross, Capt. McNeil, we have papers from Vera Cruz to the 15th, and from the city of Mexico to tbe 10th inst. The Boletin Official of the 9th inst. publishes a proclamation of President Ceballos to the peo ple of Mexico, dated the sth, which says : That considering that the opening of the Isth mus of Tehuantepec has become not only a com mercial necessity for the whole world, but a po litical necessity to preserve the integrity and sovereignty of our territory; that if this question is not settled with independence and dignity in the short tithv that probably remains for us to do so, it would become involved and complicated with political questions, and tbe Republic would be embarrassed in grave compromises which would enure o the injury of all the inhabitants ; and considering, lastly, that from the approval of the propositions of the Mixed Company, to which those of Oajaca, Garcia, and other States of Oajaca, Tabasco and Chipas have united, not only would great material benefits enure to the nation, but also that the questions which have been occ.-el'W' ! tor this matter would be quieted in a peaces'.,sjiet anV honorable manner, in virtue orfhe airhority in me vested by the law of 14th May. 1852, and by the convention pub lished on the 2$ h July, I decree : Approved, with the modifications and altera tions, of this date, to be made public, the propo sitions Made for the opening of the interoceanic communication by the Is.hmus of Tehauntepec by tbe Mixed National and Foreign Company, under the name of A. G. Sloo. The following is a synopsis of the conditions of the contract: First article provides t hat the communication is to be by water as far as the Guatzocouleos river is navigsUe. 2. A plank road to be commenced from the head of navigation, within one year, and com pleted tn three years. The railroad to be com menced within one year from the conclusion of the road, to be finished in the four succeeding years. 3. The linnof the road to be determined by competent enginees.:. 4. The cunjpany to build, at its own cost, the necessary <!6eks and wharfs at the necessary pointe, which will be made open ports by the Government, at each terminus. 5. Government grants the lands necessary for plank road and railroad, and for buildings, etc ; owners of private property taken to be indem nified according to law. 6. The company may take from uny public lands any material necessary for the construc tion anil preservation of the road, &c. 7. Materials taken from private lands to be indemnified for. 8. During the term of this contract the com pany to have the exclusive privilege of transport across the Isthmus, with right to collect tolls, transit dues, storage, &c., bv tariff, to be approv ed by the Government. The Government shall not lay any tax or contribution of any kind on the transit of passengers or merchandise other than that stipulated in the thirty-second article of tho convocation, which authorize* it to lay a rate additional to the company’s rate notexceed ing one real (12J cents) per person or package. 9. The company may import, free of duty, all materials, etc,, for tbe road, with the sanction of Government; also such provisions, etc., for work men ns cannot be procured on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. 10. Tho liberty of transit to be subject to rules established by Government; no sales of goods, ote.. to bo made on tho route. 11. The Government will open the necessary ports for coastwise and for foreign traffic, but for the present the only ones open are Ventosa on the Pacific and Vera Cruz on the Gulf, the last being only for transit of passengers and goods. 12. The privileges conceded by the govern ment to be valid during the term of this contract. 13. Government protection is assured to the Company and its employees during the twenty years of its existence. 14. Guarantees payment to the Company of $390,000 in silver at once, and $50,000 in month ly instalments until $600,000 is paid. A guar antee of not less than $200,000 to be given. 15. The company is to carry the Mexican mails without charge, and all goods for the Mex ican Government at one-fourth oi the regular rates; all Mexican troops, officers and Govern ment agents to pass free. All moneys, ores and other products of the country to be transported at one-fourth less than the regular rates. 16. For fifty years the Government is to re ceive 20 per cent, of the net profits of the road. All privileges stated are guaranteed during the fifty years to the company; but at the end of that time the road is to be turned over to the Government, guaranteeing the delivery at the end of that time, by a deposit of 10 per cent, of the profits for the last ten years of the contract which shall be returned to the company on de livery of the road. 17. The company to build light-houses at each port on the terminus of the road, on the Alacra ues reef, and at Acapulco, and to lay aside two and a half per cent of its net profits for deepen ing the bar and channel of the river Guatz.ocoul cos. Fire.—On Saturday night, a little mid ufoht a butlding know., er Crawiuid street, was discovered to be on lire.' In a few moments it was completely enveloped in the flames, which communicated on one side to the Livery Stable of Messrs. Dudley & Mar tin. and on the other to the residence of Mrs A. J. Hall, all of which wa* consumed in a very short time. The wind was high, and the fire was only prevented from crossing the street by the active and energetic efforts ot the fire com panies who were prompt on the sjsot, and, as on all similar occasions, labored manfully to save the property of their fellow-citizen*. The prop erty consumed was of no very great value, so far as the buildings were concerned, but the suffer ers who were tenants are but very little able to bear the loss. Messrs. Dudley & Martin lost the most of their carriages, buggies, &c.; Messrs. Smith and others, wagon makers, lost all their tools and a large quantity of valuable well selec ted timber ; Mrs. Hall the whole of her provis ions, kitchen furniture, &c., and Col. Spivey a large quantity of rye and other forage together with a valuable horse. So far as we can learn, there was no insurance on any of the property destroyed. The fire was in all probability the work of an incendiary. In the chapter of losses sustained by the fire we would not fail to mention the Panggold Ar tillery Company. Their beautiful brass cannon had been deposited in one of the buildings con sumed, the woodwork of which is entirely de stroyed. We trust that the liberality of our cit izens will enable the company to remount it again, and that we may hear its thunders yet, in time, louder than the roaring of the flames that have so much marred its beauty. Now this suggestion is our own. Would not our citizens take pleasure in contributing some thing to the sufferers? No fire that ever hap pened, injured a more honest, industrious and worthy set of men than this. When the rich suffer on such occasions every body comes to the rescue. The needy generally do not fare so well. In the case before us, the small assistance granted and unfelt by the many, in the aggre gate might prove of immense benefit to the suf fering few.— Columbus Enquirer, 22d inst. Steamboat Sunk. —We regret to learn that the steamboat Retrieve struck a rock in our riv er on Friday last, about twenty miles above the juncture of the Flint and Chattahoochee, and sunk immediately in about fifteen feet water. She was on her downward passage to Apalachi cola, having on board between a thousand and twelve hundred bales of cotton, some two or three hundred bales of which have been saved without serious damage. The balance, togeth er with the boat, will in all probability be a to tal loss. The cotton we are informed was in sured. The boat was not. A negro man be- ! longing to Mr. Austin, of this city, was drowned. —lb. The Paper Manufacture in South Carolina. The waters of Horse Creek are destined to be celebrated in the history of South Carolina manufactures. Besides their grist and saw mills,’ more numerous probable than that of any other stream of the same length in tbe State, she has in a few miles of each other. Vancluse, Gran and Bath. The first tw*> are already well l-.iiuwn, and we therefore paL then: by.— But what and where is Bath ? This may well be asked. Two years ago it was the site of an old saw mill that had been abandoned, the tim ber, mill, dam, all gone, it was known only as what bad once been Milton’s Mills. Now it is a beautiful little village on the South Caroli na Railroad, equidistant between Graniteville and Hamburg. The fine water power of the Creek, and the pure, clear water of some little streams which there empty into it, attracted the attention of some persons now connected with j the South Carolina Peper Manufacturing Com- i pany. They had searched a long time for such a site. The Augusta Canal and other water power had been carefully examined, but no where else could they find the silvery water so necessary to making white paper. At Bath, therefore, they secured a site and a hundred horse water power, and at once erected their mill and cottages. The former is of brick, in width 50 and length 250 feet, besides a wing 40 by 40 feet, a stock house of 40 by 90, and a receiving and delivering depot on the railroad turnout of 30 by 60 feet. These buildings make up the most complete manufacturing arrange ments. The stock house has a railway, along its whole length, which extends to the mill and the depot, so that the rags and other materials for paper to be stored there, can be transferred from one to tbe other with great facility. Tbe material received daily, at the depot, is easily transferred, as wanted, to the second story, at one end, of the mill, and from this point it pro gressses constantly until in the shape «f paper, bleached, pressed and folded, and in bundles for market, it is passed into cars at the other end of the mill. So much for the buildings; if any can be more complete, we would like to see them. The machinery is all of the latest and most approved construction, and consists of one Four drinier and one cylinder machine, each 66 inch es, eight large iron engines, and one large iron cylinder. Bleach, besides bleach tubs, steam boilers, rag cutters, dusters, devils, etc., all of which, during a mouth’s trial, have been found to work admirably. The establishment now employs2o to 25 men and boys, and 15 to 20 girls, who turn out be tween 2,500 and 3,000 pounds of paper, equal to about 70 reams of the size of the Standard, and of which this is an ordinary specimen. The same number of hands, after a little more experience, and with the mill in full operation, will be able to make more than 3,000 pounds. The qualities vary from the finest book paper to the strongest and coarsest wrapping paper. No writing paper is made there, experience elsewhere having proved that even large establishments should not attempt to make so many different qualities. We would willingly describe the process of manufacture, but could not do so intelligibly, without proper drawings. The following skele ton may, however, serve to give some idea of the successive steps in the process. The rag*, as we said before, are passed into the second story of the building. There they ate sorted, dusted and cut, and thence are passed down into the Cylinder Bleach. This is a large iron, hollow cylinder, six or eight feet in diameter, and fif teen to twenty feet long. It is revolved by water power, and when filled and in motion, a stream of steam constantly passes through it. This gives the rags their first bleaching. After this they are passed into the engines—a sort of iron tub, at the bottom of which is an inclined plane traversed with knives, with their edges slanting upwards, above which revolve a suc cession of blades, set into a cylinder. In these engines the rags are thoroughly washed and slightly reduced to pulp. Thence they are pass ed into the steep chests for a thorough bleaching. Thence the heating engines receive, and, wilh their sharp knives, reduce them to a complete paste. This is passed into the stuff chest, whence it is transferred to the machines which, through their succession of rollers and hollow cylinders heated with steam, roil it out into dry, white paper, ready for the folder. The web of paper before it reaches the cutters may be of any width up to 66 inches—the width of the machines, and its length is limited only by the supply of pulp —that being constant, the operator may roll out a continuous web ol as many thousand yards as he chooses. Air. Walker, the agent of the Company, is now receiving from the mill daily supplies of book, news, and brown paper. As yet the de mand has been greater than the supply, but he hopes soon to be able to supply all his custom ers with every desirable quality. The success of this enterprise, now considered certain, will make all kinds of press and wrapping paper as cheap in Charleston ami Augusta, as they are in New York. Southern publishers will then be able to compete successfully with the Northern, and thus, in the end, we shall learn and practice self-reliance. The oldest man in New-England died in Nottingham, N. H.,on the 23d of January last. Hi* name was Charles Willey. He was born in Nottingham on the 25th of March, 1747, and and would consequently have been one hundred and seven years of age next month. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and has been a pensioner. He has been an active robust man, and until recently ha* been an active laborer. Ho says ho learned to mow when ten years old, and used his scythe until he was a hundred, and then left, as he thought ninety years was long enough for any man to follow that business. He has left a son, Mr. Jonathan Willey, be tween seventy and eighty years of age, who is also a peusiouer tor serviues iu tbe war of 1812. VOL. 32—-NEW SERIES-—VOL--B.—NO. 4 Agricultural. [From the Soil of the South, for February.} Guano. This article is getting to be so extensively in troduced as a manure, and so much interest is manifested in the frequent enquiries which we receive, as to its use, the mode of application, and the quantity necessary, that we fee) we can not render a better service to many of our read ers, than to give such information as we may have derived from experience or observation. We made some small experiments last year, which we have given to our readers in the Jan uary number of the Soil of the South. 1 hese were so favorable as to make us almost distrust results conducted under our own eye: and we could but ascribe much to the very favorable character of the seasons. We still think that the circumstances under which we operated, were more favorable, and the benefits larger than might ordinarily b» expected: yet our faith is strong, that great benefits will be realized, by all those who make a judicious application of it to their crops. The modes of using it are varied, as well as the results. We think it matter of much importance to have it well incorporated with the earth, and so deep as to prevent loss by evaporation. This is to be done by the use of the plow. Any time before the planting of the crop will do, but our preference would be in fa vor of its lying a few days'or weeks, before planting. It is very unsafe to have it come in contact with the grain before it is properly dilu ted or incorporated with the earth. The ger minating properties ot the grain, are very cer tainly destroyed by such contact. The mode of, its applica'.iou. will of cour>e be v<trird> v U» > 1 M tile crop and its use, in roe hili, dnli, Or broad casting. For cotton, our present impressions are in favor of using it in the drill, as the most economical and efficient method. One promis ing the largest returns for the smallest outlay. To do this, we would advise the opening furrow to be deep and wide, in which the guano should be strewed, and covered by two other furrows, one on each side, forming the center of the bed, in which the cott n seed are to be planted At planting time, open the top of this bed, and the cotton will be planted immediately over the manure, which will be penetrated by the tap root, give early vigor and growth to the plant, and be so far from the surface as not to be ab sorbed by the sun. or moved by tne hoes, in chopping through the cotton In its application to the cotton crop, there ought to be a pretty free admixture of Plaster of Paris, or pulverized Charcoal. These are both good manures for cotton, and serve to set the ammonia, and pre- , vent waste in the guano: We may very properly' here remark, that the incorporation of one of these substances, is ne cessary to secure the full benefit of the guano in its application to any of our crops. The same preparations which we have recommended, would do also for corn, but the largest benefits would be derived to this crop by sowing broad cast, and plowing it thoroughly in the ground before planting. The difference, we suppose, would be found mainly in the roots of the plants. The cotton sends its larger roots down into the earth, while the corn spreads out its thousand rootlets all round, searching out food far and near, and this general spreading of manure, meets the demand of the plant, all through the season. We venture to suggest the query, as to wheth er all manures intended for Corn, would not be better to be to spread broad cast, rather than be applied to the hill, feeding bountifully in infancy, and failing in supplies, when coming to maturity? For wheat, and small grains gene rally,the plan of broad casting must, from neces sity, be adopted, and the time of application, we should say. would ba before the crop is sowed ; first plowing in the guano, and then harrowing or plowing in the grain. The quantity to be used, as recommended by different experimenters, varies from a spoonful to the hill, to four hundred pounds to the acre. The smallest quantity used is no doubt a bene fit, while the largest may involve an expense, making it impracticable. We are induced to think that less than one hundred and twenty or fifty pounds to the acre will not tell very bene ficially, in its effects upon the crop. This quan tity we know by actual experiment, will great ly increase the product of our land's in corn or cotton, and it is very probable, that a propor tioned increase would be realized, by an addi tional quantity. How long it will last is yet an undecided question. Its greatest benefit is yielded the first year, but its value is not ex hausted. as we learn, in less than three years, when a peck or more of Plaster is added to each bushel, and the whole plowed in deep. Very fine results have been reported, from the use of a single spoonful of the guano and plaster ap plied near the hill of the corn. The mode of application ar.d ‘■t.’ : .Teets w'l? b" leu. d In toe last volume of the Soil of the South, which may be read by such as feel disposed to try the Homtr pathic doses. The Peruvian guano costs in Bal timore, New York, or Boston, about forty-five dollars per long ton, and can be delivered at this point for fifty-five dollars, or about two and a half cents a pound. The ground Plaster of Pa ris will cost, delivered here, about two and a half dollars per barrel, or one dollar a bushel. The History of the Cotton Flant. Before the birth of Christ the cultivation of the plant and the use of cotton for clothing was probably confined to India. Herodotus, who lived in the fifth century before Christ, reports that the Indians had a plant which bore, instead of fruit, a wool like that of the sheep, but finer and better, of which they made clothes; and Arrian narrates that the Indians made their clothes of a fine, white kind of flax, which grew on trees. Other nations do not seem to have cultivated the plant at that time, or even to have used cotton ; at all events, only exceptionally, as a rare expensive stuff. Thus, it is assumed, that the precious material called byssus, spoken of among the Jews, was cotton. The growth of cotton, and its use, seem to have become dif fused shortly after the birth of Christ. Strabo (in the first century of our era) speaks of cotton being cultivated and manufactured in Susiana, on the Persian Gulf; and Pliny mentions that the plant was cultivated, not only in India, but in Upper Egypt, and says that the Egyptian priests used the material there grown for cloth ing. In all probability the Arabs brought the cultivation of cotton into Europe. In the time of Mahomet the use of cotton was : general among them. Although there existed at a verv early period a trade in cetton goods from India to Europe, which took place partly byway of Constantinople, and partly byway of Egypt, which trade became generally extend ed, still the use of cotton stuffs was very limited throughout tho middle ages; and, although there were cotton manufactories in Granada in the thirteenth century, in Venice in the fourteenth century; in Flanders in the sixteenth century, andiastly, in England, in the seventeenth cen tury, (at least of stuffs in which the woof was of cotton ;) these manufactures were inconsider able in Europe till after the middle of the last century. Few cotton goods were in use, and most of these were imported from India and China. It was in itself improbable that it could be made to pay to establish cotton manufactories in Europe, for the Indians and Chinese had brought these branches of manufacture to a con siderable degree of perfection, the transport of the raw material from suoh distant regions ne cessarily increased tbe price of the manufactured article, while cost of labor is extremely low in India, on account of the few’ necessities of the natives, and the small piece of teem. Yet the reverse has coms to pass. The cot ton manufacture has risen to an extraordinary pitch in Europe, and, above all, in England; in fact to such a point has it come that, in spite of the low price of labor in India and China, which amounts to only one-tenth of the cost of labor in England, and in spite of the distant transport, no inconsiderable quantities of cotton stuffs are exported from Europe to India,and China. In the year 1832, cotton manufactures to the value of one million five hundred thousand pounds sterling were exported from England to those countries. The Espiritu Santo This beautful flower appeared to be a descrip tion of a lily, possessing a bulb root, long oval leaves, and a stock from three to four feet in length. The Espiritu Santo is one of those rare flowers that is said to be found only on one par ticular part of the isthmus, a short distance from Panama. It requires little earth for vegetation, growing among heaps of stones with the fibres alone covered, the bulb being almost entirely ex posed. The plant possesses little beauty beyond what is contained in the flower itself, which is of a most elegant and peculiar formation. The outward part, which is smaller than a pigeon’s egg. resembles a curious shaped vase, on opening the lid of which the most perfect and beautiful sac. simile of a dove is found within. The head is turned over its back, appearing as if it were about to take its farewell of earth and soar to some brighter region. No person can see this extraordinary flower for the first time without a deep feeling of won der and admiration at the perfection and beauty displayed in its formation, and every succeeding time it is met with, the observer gazes upon it with increased admiration and curiosty. Ot all the really beautiful plants or flowers we have ever seen, we recollect none so beauti ful as the Espiritu Santo or “ holy Spirit,” ami we are sure that if a specimen could be sent to the United States or England it would be looked upon as an invaluable curiosity.— Panama Star. A Western editor thus sums up the peculiari ties of a contemporary: He is too lazy to earn a meal and too mean to enjoy one. He never was generous but once and that was when he gave the itch to an appren tice boy. So much for his goodness of heart I Os his industry, he says the public may judge, when he states that the only time he w orked was tha day that he mistook castor oil for honey. A Scolding Wife. I Got a scolding wife have you? Well, it’s ' your own fault, ten to one. Women are all naturally amiable, ard when their tempers got crossed it’s the men that do it. Just look at yourself as you came home last night! Slam ming doors, and kicking everything that laid in the way right end left—because—well you could not tell for the life of you what it was for.— Suppose you’d been laying your face embargo all day for those who cared nothing about you, smiling and nodding, hemming and hailing, and wanted to get where you could enjoy a superla tive ill-nature. No wonder your wife was cross, getting sup per with the baby n her arms! Why didn’t you take the baby, and trot it and please it! “ Room was all in contusion”—why didn’t you put it to rights? “You want a little rest”’ So does yout wife,and she gets precious little, poor woman. You are at your shop—walking briskly through tbe sunshine in this bracing weather—reading the paper—meeting friends and acquaintances—sitting cosily in the office She is at home with clinging arms dragging about her neck, loving, but still wearisome at times. She is dependent upon the call of a neighbor for a little break up in her monoto nous life, or the opening of a widow upon a stunted yard for what fresh air comes. Wake up, man alive, and look into this matter! Put on your best smiles the moment your foot touches the door step. Treat the litfleroomto a broad grin. And your wife to a kiss. Give the baby some sugar plums, and little Bobby a new picture book to busy his bright eves with. Tell that poor tired looking woman that you’ve brought her a nice book to read, and that you’re g'ftvito day r.t I'jm.etvtm ige. v. j.i ro. .4, ' be ¥brfietW» vVfy rftWeK ’ like tears in the good woman’s eyes, and her voice will be quite husky, when she asks you if your tea quite suits. Os course it will be a charm. It may be a little silent that evening. You miss th« complaining tone, and scolding and fault finding ; but your look is her gain ; she is thinking of the long past, but considers upon the whole she is a happier woman to-night than she ever was in her whole life before. Give the new plan a fair trial. Gradually ae you return, you will find the bouse in perfect or der. Old dresses will be remoddeled, and your wife will appear as good as new. Home will grow more and more pleasant, and the brightest smile upon your features during the day will be reflected on tbe thought that evening is com ing with its pleasant charm of your wife and little ones. Scolding wife indeed ! If you men did as you s sonld, wouldn’t such a wife be an anomaly I Poston Olive Branch. Women in Ohiua. Woman is in a more degraded position in Chi na than in any other part of the globe, and her humiliation ia rendered more conspicuous by the extent to which civilization and education have been carried in the empire. In no rank is she regarded as the companion of man, but is treated solely as the slave of his caprice and passions Even amongst the females of the highest ranks few. are found who can read or write ; their edu cation is confined to the art of embroidery, play ing on a horrid three-stringed guitar, and sing ing; but the obligation of obedience to a man is early inculcated, and the greater portion ot their time is spent in smoking and playing at cards. The wornsn of the poorer classes have no edu cation, and can be considered as liitie better than beasts of burden. A man of that rank will walk: deliberately by his wife’* side, while she totters yoked to a plough, while her husband guides it! Those of the lower classes who are good-looking, according to Chinese ideas of beauty, are pur chased by the rich at about twelve or fourteen years, for concubines, and are then instructed! according to their master’s ideas. The Chinese cannot at all comprehend tha European mode of treating ladies with respect and deference, and being naturally superstitious, attribute to devilish arts practiced by the fair sex, the just appreciation we entertain of their, value; in short, they consider European ladies have an influence somewhat similar to that as cribed to an evil eye by Italian superstition Chinese domestics have a very great objection to reside in a European family, oVer which a lady presides , and a tradition of theirs coincides with their superstition about our females, — “That China shculd never be conquered until a woman reigned in tbe far West.” Some say that this prophecy was never heard of until they were conquered by the army of Queen Victoria. Be this as it may, they all contend that it is to be found in some of their old works. —Travels in China. Romance of Wealth in Paris. The Paris correspondent of the Boston Arts'} writes : One of the wealthiest private capitalists of Paris, M. Pellapra, fell dead in the office of an assurance company, of which he was a director, within the last few days. He was worth be tween $6,000,000 and $8,000,000 —all excellent ly invested, and he was the farther-in-law of a Belgian nobleman of great rank, who modestly consented to adulterate his Crusader s blood, that his feudal estate might be more lordly. For $6,000,000 M. Pellapra figured in the Alman ach de Gotha—the “Red Book” of the Conti nent—as the father-in-law of the Prince ffi- Chimay; “ All my ambition is to have my daughter Right honorable ; which my lord can make her, And might I live to dance upon my knee A young Lord Lovell, boin by her unto you, I write nil ultra to my proudest hopes.” He had but one child: with.the annoying ten acity of life which disgraces rich kin and cats, M. Pellapra persisted in living until he attained his eighty-second year. As wealth is generally attaniedonly by those who push economy to penuriousness, M. Polla pra shared the common fate of the millionaire, and the bare mention of his name in a salon, was a signal for a brisk fire of anecdotes about the old man’s avarice. Eugene Guinot has the best story I have heard. A stock-braker, says he, was fond of repeat ing a good joke about him :—This broker, when the adventure happened to him. w'as but a sim ple clerk in the house of M. Pellapra’s agent. He was invited to a ball the millionaire gave in his hotel on the Quai Malaquis. He owed this flattering distinction to the especial care lie took of Mr. Pellapra’s business, which he busied himself about with a zeal as active as it was interested. The ambitious clerk hoped this rich patron would aid him to purchase a “charge,” as the license of a stock-broker is called, and occasionally in conversations with him he glided in some words which be thought would bear fruit one day. The invitation to the bill gave new foundation to his hope, and he con sequently amused himself highly at th* fete, which was very beautiful. Tb- young clerk, anxious to have himself ob served, danced as long as the ball lasted, ami then, when the last persons were about to leave, he sot bis bat, and was tollowing them out. M. Pellapra took him by the arm. “ Stay a minute, my young friend, 1 have something to say to you?” The young clerk’s heart leaped with joy. Fortune has co ne, said he to himself, ’tis tbe pliant hour of the rich host, satisfied with the success of his party, is satisfied with me, and this satisfaction is about to be exhibited by a generous offer: he is going to propose advancing me the money necessary to buy my master’s “ charge.” As soon as everybody had gone, and they were alone, M. Pellapra, opening a door, said to the young man, “Will you help me to bring these steps into the saloon ?” “Willingly, sir.” “Good ! now help rne to blow out the candles.” “What a queer old horse you are,” said the clerk to himself. “Certainly, sir,” said he, aloud. “Blazo away, then, as quickly as Ido and the opulent financier flew nimble and spry from caudle to candle, extinguishing all of them in less than, half the time the old servants would have re quired. When every candle but the one he held in his hand was extinguished, “Now, my friend,” said he, “I shall keep you no longer, good night, good night. I am very much obliged to you.’’ The young clerk stood gaping with astonish ment, but never heard a word about the “charge.” Costly Furniture.—A letter to the Boston Transcript from New York says: Allusion was made in a former letter to the lavish prodigality with which money was ex pended in this city' upon hotels and stores. Upon further examinations I find that in respect to extravagance in other matters, the New Yorkers are now in advance of all former times. The rage for showy and costiy articles for private dwellings, far exceeds the emulation which ex ists between the rival hotels up town. As a matter of curiosity to the readers of the Tran script, a few of the fashionable styles of parlor ornament will be stated. One of the latest pat terns of parlor tables or light stands, is made of the richest decorated French porcelain,set in gilt frame and stand. They are very beautiful; tha price ranges from S2OO to S3OO each, according to the value of the painting. French porcelain ornamental gas fixtures for the mantel, are imported and sold for SIBO a pair. A pair of bronzed mantel candelabra, with a clock for a centre piece, are for sale at SBOO a set. An importer stated that he had sold four setts for one house, at $3,000. A novel and unique mantel clock, valued at ssoo—-would be a rich mantel ornament. This clock has no hands. The hour and minutes ar* denoted by figure which revolve, like a modern whist counter. 9 ”0 firm here have a small mantel clock for u Inch they ask $1,200. Two birds come out and sing from the clock each hour. vases w *th bas reliefs are plenty at 8.100 each. Porcelain tea sets of thirty-six pie ces are held at SIBO a set. And so one could go through the list ol household articles of eleganc* and utility, and name prices which would not do except in an “age of gold.” •n °!‘ e , < \ aiu,ot to ca H to mind the common illustration suggested by the uppish tendency of all property in this city, and to state that we are now witnessing the brilliant ascent of a rocket the no less certain descent of tho valueless stick may not be so agreeable, particularly it it should hit us, or one near to us.