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iDeckln (firorijta cConstitutlmaUst aitiJ Hqmblic BY JAMES GARDNER, JR. OFKiCJS ON MoXNToeU-B'JKEET |HD DOOR FROM THH KORTH-WBBT OORSBH OF BROAD STRRBT. •a of BAND by Executors, Administrators or Guar- Mans, are rsquirad, by law, to be held uu the first fuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in ■io forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the Court ■o«se in which the property is situate. Notice of mtMe sales must be given in a public Gazette, SIXTY ■AYS previous to the day of sale. ■tt of NEGROES must be at Public Auction, on the irst Tuesday of tho month, between the usual hours If sale, at the place of public sales in the county where the Letters Testamentary, or Administration, Kr Guardianship, may have been granted, first giving IIXTY DAY’S notice thereof, in one of the public ■ttiettes of this State, and at the door of the Court House where such sales are to be held. Hire for the sales of Personal Property must be given, K like manner, FORTY BAYS previous to day of sale. Mice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Estate, must |e published for FORTY DAYS. Itice that application will be made to tho Court of ■rdinery for leave to sell LAND, must be published for TWO MONTHS. Itice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published IffO MONTHS, before any order absolute can be given by the Court. f TERMS OF ADVERTISING. |e square, 12 lines, 76 cents the first insertion, and 60 cents afterwards. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS, fcriff’s Levies. 30 days, $2 50 per levy ; 80 days, $5. lecutor’s, Administrator’s and Guardian's Sales, Real I Estate, (per square 12Lnes,) $d 75 i)o. do. Personal Estate 3 25 Jation for Letters of Administration 2 75 l)o. do. Dismission 4 50 Itioo to Debtors and Creditors 3 25 so Months’Notices • 4 00 lies Nisi, (monthly) $1 por squaro, each insertion. W'T* Obituary Notices over six lines, will W)charged ■ the same ratos as advertisements. LEGAL NOTICES. It? - Notice of the Hale of Land aud Negroes by Ad t nlstrators. Executors or Guardians, must be publisU- I FOUTY DAYS previous to the day of sale. Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an estate last bo published FORTY DAYS. INotice that application wilt bo to the Jbart of Ordinary for leave to sell Land er Negroes, fust be published TWO MONTHS, weekly. Notice of application for Letters of Administra - . iw* *»»• '<■ bo published THIRTY DAYS; and Lot kra nf Dismission of Executors or Administrators. SIX ■ ONTHS—Dismission or Guardians, FORTY DAYS. \O~ Sales of personal property of a porishable ns i re, by the Act of 1352, by Executors and Administe rs. at tlie discrotion of the Ordinary, upon not less an TEN DAY’S Notice. Sales by regular Administe rs. as under tlie old law. FORTY DAYS. UJ>- ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, ARB AT OUR 9tt. AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY - MORNING, MARCH 12. The Cabine.t We have already published short biogiaphies ( several of the Cabinet ot Gen. Pierce. We ive to-day, in addition, brief sketches of Messrs 'farcy. Davis and Campbell, taken from the f. F. Herald of March 4th. The Cabinet is a itrong one, there not being a man in it of infe ior abilities. In personal and moral worth, they re all estimable gentlemen. Augusta South-Western Plank Road. } We understand that at a meeting of the stock liolders of this new enterprise, on the 3rd inst., the following gentlemen were elected Directors : Hon. William Schley. Robert F. Pok, Esq. John Phinizy, Sen.. Esq. Paul F. Eve, Esq. Lindsey C. Warren, Esq. The Board then proceeded to elect a President, and Hon. William Schlkt was unanimously ahosen ; and at a subsequent meeting, S. H. Oli ver, Esq., was elected Secretary and Treasurer. We are also informed, that Mr. Tuttle, a very competent Engineer, has been selected by the President, to survey and locate the road, and-that in a few days he will commence his duties. Among other items prior to its adjournment, Congress appropriated SIOO,OOO torthe construc tion of the Custom House in Charleston. The salaries of the Vice President and Calu met officers, including the Secretaries of State, Treasury, War, Navy, and Interior, and the Postmaster General and Attorney General, are iespectively increased from $6,000 to SB,OOO per annum. The outstanding Stocks of the United States may he purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury at the market price, to be paid for from any surplus funds in the Treasury, provided that the balance in the Treasury shall not at any time be reduced below $6,000,000. The Mexican Boundary Commission is con tinued till April 1,1854, and the necessary ap propriations made therefor.' An Assay Office, in the city of New York, is established for the receipt an<| for the melt- assaying of gold and silver bullion and foreign coin, and for casting the same into bars, ingots, or disks. The clerks in the several Executive Depart men Is, from and alter the 30th June next, are to be arranged into four classes, with different grades ot salary, and no clerk is to be appoint ed in either of the classes until he shall have been examined and found qualified by a Board of three Commissioners, one of whom is to be the chief of the Bureau to which the clerk is to be appointed, and the other two to be selected by the head ofthe Department to which the Bureau is attached. Charleston Water Companr. The citizens of Charleston have under con sideration a project for supplying the city with pure water, by means of a canal from the F.disto river. A company was chartered for the purpose in 1850, and a survey of the con templated route has been made by competent engineers. On the 7th inst., the Special Com mittee,appointed by the City Council of Charles ton for that purpose, made a report to that body, giving a circumstantial and elaborate statement of the most feasible route, mode of construction and estimates of the cost of the proposed canal. It is proposed that the canal be made large enough to answer the double purpose of naviga tion and of supplying the city with water. The plan contemplates a supply of four millions of gallons daily to the city. It is proposed that the Canal commence 500 feet below Givhan’s Fer j ry, on the Edisto. It is to be carried across the Aehley by a wire suspension aqueduct 100 feet Song, divided into six spans, four of 75 feet < each, and two of 50 feet each. The wire ca | hies will pass over and rest upon piers and abutments of solid masonry, and be firmly an chored at their extremities. The aqueduct is to be constructed of black cypress timber, in the most durable and permanent manner. The entire cost of the work, for a navigable j canal, is estimated at $1,737,821 52. If it should be determined to abandon the canal of naviga tion, there should be a deduction irom this esti \ mate, of the whole cost of carrying the water to the city, of $92,747 —being the cost of the dis- I ferenee in the extent of the work. The Council ordered 1000 pamphlet copies of the report to be published for gratuitous dis tribution among the citizens. Ooi.d Coinage. —The Courier and Enquirer of Saturday, in an editorial on the Assay and Lotnagi of the precious metals, says : The .segregate gold coinage of the United States, since the establishment of the Mint, has been about §160,000, 000.” This statement is very wide of the mark, as will be seoA by the official returns : Coinage of I Gold at the United States ’ Mint, from its Organization to the close of 1852. At Philadelphia , .$194,871,141 50 At New Orleans 33,885,865 00 At Charlotte 3,450,668 50 At Dahlonega 4,817,809 50 Total to close of 1852 $237,025,484 50 .During the two months of the current year an additional amount of about $8,500,000 has been coined, which is to be added to the above ; mak ing a total in round numbers of $245,000,000, I instead of ' l about $160,000,000,” as/eported by ! the Courier. The St. Louis intelligencer publishes a letter , ' fefty emigrant to California, which gives a fearfi4 account of a tremendous snow storm in the mSpntains near Carson valley. On what is called the Second Summit, the writer ssays, he caught hold of the tops of pine trees, and I was confident they were one hundred feet in height . This is an item, says the N. Y. Express, that should have a bearing upon the question of a railroad to the Pacific, through the South Pass Rails buried in snow a hundred feet deep, would stand little chance of removal by any scraper yet invented. An unusually large number of females arrive weekly in California. The Placer Times says their influence for good can hardly be estimated. At their presence the gambling-house closes as though some magic wand had been waved before its doors, and the people are won away from the driukitlg saloons and houses of dissipation by an attraction which, though apparently gentle, is all powerful. At the incoming of every steam er, now-a-days, the dawn of California grow* brighter and brighter. Incidents of the Inauguration. We take the following paragraphs from the detailed accounts of the inauguration, in the New York Herald of Saturday: Gen. Piprce delivered his inaugural address, after taking of! his overcoat, amid immense cheering, just exactly as il he were delivering an extempore speech. He had no paper or notes, but delivered the address beautifully and gracefully, without a blemish to the end. It will be remembered that Presidents Taylor, Polk and others, read their addresses from the manuscript. When he came to that part of his address which related to the protection of Amer ican citizens abroad, he turned face to face with Mr. Fillmore and the diplomatic corps, and laid down the law with thrilling emphasis, and when he again turned to the mass of the people in front, occupying the vast square, below, they shouted with delight, and every man of the fifty thousand in the streets declared that Pierce is the man for the times. President Pierce is a graceful and striking speaker, and his voice, although not equal to reach to the extent of the enormous multitude that surrounded him, was clear and distinct, and his style of delivery was excellent. He has ap peared remarkably elastic, cool and self-posses sed for the last few days, but especially to-day. He rose at daylight and has been busy the entire day, and he evidently feels that he has the game in hand and intends to hold it. Mr. Fillmore’s cabinet made the best of their time to the last moment. For weeks past they have been Riling offices with bogus democrats, appointed at the solicitation of whigs who re signed. Even as late as yesterday a postmaster in the State of New York was appointed in this way. The whole matter will be thoroughly investigated. A company of fantastical, dressed in rags and tatters, marched along the avenue whilst the procession was passing, who received some rough usaee. The pageant is the multitude is dis persing. This is a revolution ofthe government in a carnival. Large masses followed the President to the White House, and waited upon him in the usual reception room. Mr. Fillmore took immediate possession ofthe apartments at Willard’s, just vacated by General Pierce, intending to occupy them fora few days prior to the commencement of his Southern tour. Snow continued falling slightly during the day, melting as it fell, and not particularly inter fering with the inaugural ceretllonies. This evening several balls and other entertain ments are given to the military and other guests. The hotels and boarding houses, though some what relieved, are still thronged. It is reported that after the inaugural Gen. Scott thanked the President for his remarks on West Point and the army. After having received a host of people at the White House, General Pierce retired, and the doors closed. Ex-President Fillmore took up his quarters at three o’clock in the rooms at Vi illard’s, vacated by his sticcsesor two hours previously. A few friends dined with General Pierce at the White House, but Mr. Fillmore, consulting the General’s repose, declined. They wiil dine to gether perhaps to-morrow. The White House is closed to-night to all visiters. Its new occupant has mad) a mighty sensation to-day. At eight o’clock the storm continued, and the army of incursion was leaving by thousands.— Vive la Republiqe. Rates of Postage. It is not easy to keep always in mind, the re quired amount of postage stamps on letters, &c., under the laws now in foree. The Ohio State Journal has procured and published the follow ing convenient table of rates, which gives the information required, at a glance, and which we present to our readers, with the suggestion to cut it out and put it in some convenient place, to save the trouble of asking and of having to an swer questions about it: — Each i ounce, under 3000 miles, prepaid , 3c ; unpaid, sc. Each i ounce, over 3000 miles, prepaid , 7c ; unpaid, 10c. All Printed Matter in general —any where in the United States : First three ounces, lc Each subsequent ounce, lc If not prepaid, doubled these rates. But— Newspapers and Periodicals —paid quarterly, or yearly in advance— First three ounces, $c Each subsequent ounce, Jc And if not weighing over li oz., in the State where published, jc each, and weekly papers in the count}' where published, free. Small Newspapers and Periodicals, published monthly or oltener, and Pamphlets of 16 octavo pages or less —when sent in packages, weighing at least 8 oz., prepaid, Jc. an oz. MnuJci —-bmxml «»r uuWiunJ, wrighjmr not moral than four pounds, may be sent by mall, for each" oz— Under 3000 miles, prepaid, lc j unpaid ljc Over “ “ ljc | 2c Fractions over a sing'e rate are charged as one rate. “ Periodicals,” in the sense used above, are publications issued once in three months or of tener. Comparative Growth of British and American Trade. A table in the March number of De Bow’s Review, brings into juxtaposition the respective amounts of the export trade of Great Britain and the United States in the years 1842 and 1851 ; and the relative changes in some in stances are remarkable. In 1842 the exports of Britain to France were valued at £3,193,930, and those of the United States at $17,563,589 ; in 1851, those ot the former power had fallen to .£2,028,463, while ours had advanced to $25,160,925. To Spain and the Balearic Isles our exports rose from $555,120 to $5,416,044 ; those of Britain from £322,614 to £1,015,493. To China, ours ad vanced from $737,509 to $2.155,915; of Britain, from £969,381 to £2,161,268. To British West Indies and British Guina, ours increased from $3,319,337 to $4,484,114 ; those of Britain de clined from £2,591,423 to £2,201,032. To Hayti, ours rose from $844,452 to $1,679,372; those of Britain, from £141,896 to £239,146. To western coast of Africa ours exhibit an in crease from $172,841 to $1,245,361 : British, from £459,685 to £658,934. To Belgium, ours increased from $1,434,038 to $2,709,333 ; British fell from £1,099,490 to £984,501. To Russia and ports within the Black Sea, ours grew from $316,026 to $1,465,704; British declined from £1,885,953 t0£1,290,704. ToSouth Sea Island, ours rose from $128,856 to 601,146; British, from £12,788 to £60,795. To Brazil, ours went from $2,225,571 to $3,128,956; British from £1,756,505 to £3,518,684. On the other hand, our exports to Mexico de clined from $969,371 to $577,901; British ad vanced from £374,969 to $577,901. .To Philip pine Islands ours fell from $235,732 to $125,544; British increased from £17,019 to £202, 555. To Holland ours fell from $3,236,338 to $1,911,- 115; British fell only from £3,573,302 to £3,- 542,673. To Prussia ours declined from $149,- 141 to $80,469; British advanced from £376,651 to £503,531. To the Azores ours fell from $49,183 to $20,240 ; British rose from £39,862 to £59,935. Witchcraft in Pennsylvania. The Chambersburg (Pa.) Whig relates a sin gular instance of superstition, which proves that the belief in witchcraft is not yet done away with. It appears that recently a female mem ber of a denomination called the Christian Church, in Fulton county, Pa., was taken sick, and finally imagined she was bewitched by a sister in the church. A meeting of the session was called in due season, at which the minister presided, and the charge of witchcraft was for mally preferred against a lady. Being a new case, and we presume, not provided for in the discipline, the session was puzzled as to the proper manner to proceed in the ease. At length it was proposed that she should be asked to step over a broomstick, as it had been said that a witch could not do so; but the accused got over it without apparent difficulty. After a consultation it was then agreed that she should be tried in a pair of weigh-scales with a bible to balance her, and if she was a witch the bible would be too heavy for her. Accordingly she was taken to a mill, and the experiment tried, but she proved too heavy tor the bible. It was then intimated that probably her clothing pre vented a fair test, and half a bushel of corn was put on the scales with the bible, to balance the clothing, but still the lady was too heavy and the charge formally dismissed. Texas Sugar.— Toe sugar crop of Brazoria county for the last year was 8202 hogsheads, val ued at $328,080, with 17,000 barrels of molasses at $136,000. There are about $2,500,000 inves ted in the county in sugar making. There are still some thousands of acres of the very best su gar and cotton lands to be sold in the county, which are priced at from three to seven dollars an acre. Mr. Braden, a printer of Zanesville, Ohio, died last week, in consequence the habit of putting type in his mouth while working at his case. A report recently published in Engla- d ex hibits some striking facts with respect to the progress of baths and wash-houses in the me tropolis. In 1848, there was one establishment in London, and the number of bathers in the course of the year, was 48,637. In 1853, there was seven establishments conducted in accor dance with the act of Parliament, and the num ber of bathers in that year was 800,163, the number of washers 197,580, showing an increase in the four years of 751,536 bathers and of 197,- 580 washers. In the whole of the five years ) from 1848 to 1852, there have been more than 3,100,000 bathers and washers. The receipts of the seven establishments, which are believed to be self-supporting, amounted last year to £13,- 413 7s. 2d. North Carolina Copper. —The North Caro lina Copper, which was sold in New Fork on Tuesday, brought at the rate of SIBO per ton, or SIB,OOO for the 100 tons sold. This copper was mined in the course of two months, at an ex pense of about SI,OOO. Such results as these prove that mining may, in this country, be made as profitable and legitimate an enterprise as it is in England. Greenville and Columbia Railroad. —The Chief Engineer expects to complete the road to Rockey River, within two miles of Anderson, during the month of April, and thinks it proba ble the road will be completed to Abbeville some time in June. The bridge over Broad river will be completed in twelve more working days. The Rev. Francis L. Hawkes, Dr. Mason, and Rev. Mr. Davis, are spoken of in connection with the in North Carolina The election will take place at the meeting of the Diocesan Convention in May. Col. Perry, of Greenville, who is engaged pro fessionally in the Gardiner case, says he has no doubt of Dr. Gardiner’s innocence in the whole matter, and the existence of the mines. He fur ther says : “ I am sure God never gave such a face and countenance as his to a scoundrel. He is an ac complished gentleman, and I have no doubt his trial will prove him honest.” A letter from Havana, dated February 23, states that on the day previous the commander ofthe British corvette Vestal called on Judge Sharkey, the American Consul, to make an ex planation concerning the firing on the barque Martha Ann. The explanation is said to have been satisfactory. Seven ocean steamers left New York on Sat urday viz : the Arctic, for Liverpool; the Union and Georgia, for Aspinwall: Star of the West, for San Juan ; Marion, for Charleston ; Alabama, for Savannah, and the Roanoke for Richmond, kc. Col. B. F. Perry, of the Greenville Patriot, who is now in Washington, states in a letter to that journal that Mr. Webster, the Private Se cretary of the Prestdent, is no relative ofthe late Daniel Webster, but is a Whig, which is rather remarkable. He is, says Col. Perry, a young Lawyer of talent and promise. In New York men cannot be had in sufficient numbers to perform the labor demanded at the ship-yards, in which there are now many vessels of every variety in progress. Eighteen shillings a day is paid, but with this there is evident dis satisfaction, twenty shillings being asked. It is apprehended that the request will soon (assume the shape of a demand. The Western Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, at Allegheny City, Pa., now contains 52 students, of whom 20 are in the Junior class. The Mexican Vice Consul in Philadelphia, announces officially that the ports of Vera Cruz, Tampico, Mazatlan, San Bias and Acapulco are now open to interior and exterior trade. Four hundred United States Troops sailed in the ship Irene, Capt, Williams, from New, York on Saturday for Matagorda, Texas. The Journal of Commerce says it has good reasons : >i : 'W".UJlflfuw, ills fWirtu!"!*'’ statement that Louis Napoleon had ordered the construction, at that port, of a fleet of war steamers. A public meeting was held a few days since at Vincennes, Indiana, with a view of petition ing the Legislature tor aid in erecting in that town, a monument to Gen. Harrison, the first Governor of that State. {communicated.] Home Institutions —Southern Medical Assooiation. Mr. Gardner : —The able and dignified letter of Mr. Hamilton, in your issue of the 9th inst., seems to indicate the necessity of Southern or ganizations in every department; and we know of no profession needing it worse than medicine. The demand for a great Southern Medical Asso ciation is two-told, professional and national. — The profession demands it because there are certain educational abuses pertaining to the di plomate, which should b“ rectified; then, we need a Southern Medical literature, for North ern works are unsafe guides to treat Southern disease by ; then we want a correct account of life and death, as controlled by climate among us, as well as a correct development of Southern pathology. To attain these ends, we ought to, and must have, a Southern Medical Association, which will harmonize and concentrate the opin ions and influence of Southern physicians. We have an American Medical Association, but the spirit of which Mr. Hamilton complains per vades its sittings, and a Southern writer, who upholds Southern institutions from Northern slavery, cannot secure justice in it. All of its prites and important committees are distributed to Northern men, while it exerts a decided and ne gative influence upon Southern men and medi cine. For a man South to stand high with the ruling spirits of the body, he must be a trans planted scion, or very easy and flexible in South ern opinions—in short, there is but little chance for a Southern man in it, unless it is to be slan dered and lied upon. Again, a Southern organ ization is demanded upon National grounds, by a concentration of Southern Medical opinion upon the anatomy and physiology of the negro— it will go far to stay the progress ol fanaticism and calm the spirit of sectional feeling upon the slave question ; tor it can be maintained that the negro is a different creature from the white man, and fitted only for humane servitude here, for he is incapable of self-government. These considerations appear to me ample for the form ation of a Southern Medical Association, and we think the most opportune time in the world for it, will be at the Convention soon to convene at Montgomery, Ala. We hope the proposal will meet with general favor—as we know it does in many quarters—and a large meeting may convene. Will not the independent phy sicians of every part of the South send up a delegation ? Let every one go that can, and let each be resolved to elevate the standard of Southern Science, and no longer be subservient to Northern influence. We think the Journal ism of the Northern profession is rather more independent than in the South, but it is in many respects tainted by the fell spirit and prejudice of anti-slaveryisms; and we honestly think, while we have many true and devoted Northern men among us South, we have a lot of Southern born mer. who are as much to be feared. We believe Mr. Hamilton’s letter will be I uc tive of good, and we trust every department of Science, Art, Mechanics and Manufactures will go to work, and let us have a home organization, equal in talent, influence and power, to any on this wide continent. Then, and not till then, may we expect to receive justice at the hands of Northern men. We hope you see the neces sity, Mr. Editor, of such organizations, and as it is only a home and republican move, you will lend it your assistance ; for, like everything else in life, it will meet opposition, because, it places high and low, small and great, upon an equality —the loaves and fish are distributed with an impartial hand. When we began this letter we scanned the field, and we thought we might fall in the race, but we believe posterity will do us justice, whether success crown the suggestion now or not. The proposition is not for ourself, but for our profession and our native South.— We do not expect every body to acquiesce in it, but we believe the true interests of the pro fession Sooth, demand it, and cry aloud for it. Pl-ITO. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MARCH J 6 1853. Caliinrt Jiojppljifs. [Correspondence ofthe Richmond Enquirer.] Washington, March 2d, 1653. | IION. ROBT. MCCLELLAND. I am led to believe that this gentleman has been selected by General Pierce io fill the posi tion of one of his ministers in the new Cabinet. If I am correct, I feel assured in my own mind that it will find almost universal favor, and be hailed throughout the land as a worthy tribute to elevated character and distinguished qualities. Governor McClelland cannot be above forty five years of age, and was born and educated in the State of Pennsylvania. He moved to the then Territory of Michigan in 1833, and com menced at once the practice of law. In 1835, he-was chosen a member ofthe Convention elec ted to form the Constitution of his adopted State, and although comparatively a very young man. he so commended himself by his usefulness and ability that, in 1838, he was elected a member ofthe House of Representatives, and made Chair man of some nf the most important committees. When the Whigs, in the memorable year of 1840, swept the State es Michigan, he was again returned to the House, where he was again dur ing the whole session acknowledged the leader of his party. In 1843, he was again returned and elected Speaker over a talented competitor. In this new and untried position, he sustained himself with much eclat; and of him it was truly said : “Our rules that did a boundless ocean seem, Were coastod all, and fathomed all by him.” The following year he was elected to Con gress by over 2.500 majority, and served on the committee of Commerce. He was “twice re elected—thus serving six years—and was in 1846 chairman of the committee on Commerce and served also on the committee on Foreign Relations. In 1850 he was elected in his adopted State to serve as a membpr of the convention to revise the State Constitution. In 1851 he was nomi nated and elected Governor, by a majority of over 7000. and last fall he was nominated by a unanimous vote of the Conventon, and elected by upwards o( SOOO majority over a very popu lar opponent. Such are some of the most important incidents in the lifeof Governor McClelland. He is, em phatically, a selfmade man, and the architect of his own fortune. He has a remarkable energy of character, possessed by few of our public men. and gifted with a perseverance that knows no failure. Asa politician, he has ever been a firm Dem ocrat and withal a “ Union man for the sake of the Union.” In 1850 he presided as Presi dent of a State Democrats Conventon, at Jackson, at which the following excellent re solution was unanimously adopted: Resolved. That this Convention tender to the people of the United States, an expression of earnest congratulation on the passage bv Con gress. and their approval by the President of the United States, ofthe series of measures by which California has been received into the family of Spates, territorial government estab lished for New Mexico, Utah, and the boun dary line of Texas adjusted. 1 hat we hail tne adoption of these measures, alike just and equi table to all. by which the country has been re stored to harmony, as a triumph of wisdom over sectional strife in our common country. Immediately after the nomination of General Pierce for President, Mr McClelland was, as be fore stated, renominated for Governor, and his name placed at the head of a ticket, adopted at the State Convention which also adopted the following, among other resolutions: Resolved , That in the division of public senti ment among the States of the Union, and the temporary estrangement of members of the same brotherhood, we recognize a national calamity, demanding forbearance and a patriotic and sell sacrificing spirit, which, discharging its first du ties to the constitution as of first necessity, shall seek by proper means to allay excitement, and to bring back that unity of sentiment and har monious action which once characterised the States of the Republic. “ Resolved, That the recent measures of com promise, embracing a settlement of the distract ing questions which have disturbed, and almost interrupted the business of Congress, seriously threatening the integrity ot the Union itself, were demanded by a fair consideration of the constitutional rights of the various members of the confederacy. li Resolved, That the Democracy of Michigan pandering to no isms, rejecting all alliances with sectional factions, having in view the irrepeal able claims of each State in the Union, and yielding only to the demands of the constitution, declare emphatically, that the compromise mea sures stand justified in the eyes of every well wisher of his country, and should be sustained and executed in all their parts faithfully, fully and impartially.” With such resolutions and s’lst iining such po rT' ills. nomination,and traversed the greater part olthe State. Whenever he made his appearance be fore the people, he was hailed with acclamation. He boldly proclaimed himself a compromise man and. as such, was elected by the largest majority ever given in Michigan- We predict for him in his new position, that he will sustain himself with marked ability and thus add to his distinguished reputation. SECRETARY OP STATE WILLIAM LARNED MARCY. New Yorkers, and politicians generally, are familiar with the political life and career of this gentleman. Although his experience as a mem ber of a legislative body has been very limited, the various executive offices he has held, and the influence he has possessed from his political associations, have made him a man of mark among the men of his times. Mr. Marcy is a native of Sturbridge, Worcester county, Massa chusetts, where be was born, December 112, 1786 ; consequently he is now in the 67th j’ear of his age. Having completed his academic course, he entered Brown University, (Provi dence, R. 1.,) where he graduated in ISOS. He afterwards removed to Troy, in the State of New York, where he studied and commenced the practice of the law, and soon took a prominent part in politics as a democrat. During the war with Great Britain, he served as a volunteer in military defence of the State. In 1816 he was appointed Recorder of the city oi Troy ; but af terwards, taking part with Mr. Van Buren in opposing the administration of Governor DeVVitt Clinton, he was removed from office by the friends of that Governor, in ISIB. When the anti-Clintonians came into power, Marcy re ceived from Governor Yates the appointment of Adujant-General, in 1821, and removed to Alba ny, where he has since resided. On the organi zation of that potent and secret association, call ed the “ Albany Regency/’ Mr. Marcy became one of the most trusty and confidential members and advisers of the head, Martin Van Buren. To his connection with “the Regency” Mr. Marcy doubtless owes most of the good success which has generally attended him as a political leader. In 1823 he received from the Legisla ture the appointment of State Comptroller.which office he held for several years. In 1829 he was appointed one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the State; but in IS3I he re signed that office, in consequence of being elect ed United States Senator. He was in the Sen ate less than two years, when he resigned, being elected Governor of New York, in 1832. He was twice re-elected, viz., in 1834 and 1836; but on a fourth nomination, in 1838, he shared in the defeat of the democratic party, and Wil liam H. Seward was elected over him. After retiring from the executive chair, Mr. Marcy principally devoted his attention to his private business, until Mr. Polk became President, in 1845. He was then offered and accepted the office of Secretary of War. and was considered through the four years of his service one of the most influential members of Mr. Polk’s cabinet. The duties of the War Department during the Mexican war were arduous, anil were discharged by Mr. Marcy with energy and ability. On his retirement from the cabinet, after the elec tion of Taylor and Fillmore, Mr. Marcy exerted himself to heal the dissentions in the democratic party of this State. Although decidedly oppos ed to the free Soil and Wilmot proviso move ments of Van Buren and others in the democrat ic party, Mr. Marcy urged the union of the party as essential to success, and therefore became sep arated from many of his hunker friends. This feeling against him operated so tar as probably to prevent his nomination for President at the Democratic National Convention, in 1852. With a large section of the democratic party in thii State, Mr. Marcy is not popular; but his ability as a writer, tactician, and statesman, is generally admitted. SECRETARY OF WAR JEFFERSON DAVIS Was born in Kentucky, and removed in ear'y life to Mississippi, from whence he went to the United States Military Academy, at West Poiit, where he graduated in June, 1828. The satie year (in July) he was appointed second lieuten ant of infantry, in the United States army, and was made first lieutenant ot dragoons, in 1533. The same year he received the appointment of adjutant. In 1836 he resigned his rommisson in the armv, and retired to private life in Mis sissippi. He married a daughter of Gen. Tavsor, and this lady died several years since. In 1144, Mr. Davis was chosen one of the Presidertial Electors for Mississippi, and voted for Polk and Dallas. The following year he was elected to Congress, and served one term as a tnemba- of the House of Representatives, excepting the ;ime he was absent in Mexico during the war. In July, 1846, he was appointed colonel of theiegi rtient of volunteer riflemen raised in Missisj.ppi, and distinguished himself particularly at Monte rey and Buena Vista. President Polk offered him the appointment of Brigadier-Geneml in the United States Army, in 1847, but he declin ed the honor. The same year the Legisature elected him United States Senator, and hf was placed on the Senate Committee on Military Affairs, as chairman. He took an active part in important debates, particularly in advocating Southern rights, and his talents placed him in the front rank of the democratic leaders. He opposed the Compromise Union measures, which were supported by his colleague, Mr. Foote, •"d, being nominated as the State rights candidate lor Gevernor, to run agatst Foote, he resigned his seat in the Senate, . He was defeated at the gubernatorial elefion, Foote being chosen by a majority of abu* one thousand. He has nee remained in Pl&te life. In person Gen. wfctyis is of the mi(!d|*s[ze, and his habits are and energetic ||is age is about forty-five W, and he is well qualified for the dunes of the War Dejwtment. POSTMASTER GKNE'»I JAMES CAMPBELL. This gentleman is | present Attorney Gene ral of Pennsylvania, f vhich office he was ap pointed since the Stg| election last fail. He had previously been a®3Wyer of Philadelphia, and one of the Judges f the Court of Common Pleas in that city, fi 1851, au attempt was made to elevate hitn t. :he bench ofthe Supreme Court of the State, the ive judges of which are elected by the people f the Slate by general ticket. Judge Campb 1 being a Catholic, and a special friend of JamaS iuchanan. was defeated by the intrigues of G« ral Cameron, late Uni ted States Senator, and sher enemies of Buchan an ; and the Protestanl and Native American feeling arrayed agaiit him. Consequently, Judge Coulter, one of tie whig candidates, was elected, with four demitratic judges. This cir cumstance. with the ii.|uence of Mr. Buchanan, have combined to give |udge Campbell his pres ent prominent position.! He is a good lawyer, and of active business kabits. He is, we be lieve, the youngest meiAer of the new cabinet. being about thirty-fi vejears of agi, * •• , Col. Fear's Letters-o|r Bepresematives-The Spirit Rappers—The Equestrian Statue—Patent Office, etc. Col Perry of the Soufim Patriot is Dow at Washington as one of thf||wntt!( in the Gardi ner case. His V!!ers •» {he mule and irotn ‘“ JCijjAjfc ’ifc rh? feresting specimens of that we have seen lor a long tim«L l pjret ty long extracts may sugse,*4Dgjj?e an r- |®J~b r the whole. Feb. 18. This morning I went il company with Col. Colock and Mr. F. Burt, to call on Armstead Burt, who has been sick or the last three weeks. He was up and sitting in his parlor looking very well, and his lady extremely well. I met*Gen.- McQueen and Mr. Wood yard this morning, who are at this hotel. Abo it twelve o’clock we went to tha House of Re 4 -tesentatives,and found them in Committee ofthu Whole, Col. Orrin the Chair, and presiding will, great dignity and en ergy. The House was ii a , perfect mob, as it appeared to me, but Governor Aiken said to me that if any one else was in the Chair it would be worse, and that Col. Or>- was about the only member who could maintain anything like order in Committee of the Whole. I have not had an opportunity of speaking to the Colonel since my arrival here in consequence of his being Chair man of the Committee of the Whole. Mr. Frank Burt and myself were introduced into the Senate by Judge Butler, where we heard the discussion on the California Railroad. Mr. Dodge, the younger, was reading a speech in fa vor of the Road. Mr. DeSaussure remarked to us, that Dodge and his father seldom voted to gether on any question. Soth Judge Butler and Mr. DeSaussure are looking very well. # * * * * * THE SPIRIT IVIPPERS. It is said General Hamilton, who is here and looking very well, went to the spiritual rapping last night, and was put in communication with his two sons, who are dead. The General ex pressed himself a convert and believer in the lappings. In speaking ofiythis morning he was affected to tears. The experiment announced that the spirits of his sons were both present, and exceedingly anxious to be put in communi cation with their father. At that moment there was fierce rapping. Enquiries were made of their spirits what had occasioned their deaths, and the response was correct. A gieat deal more took place. General Thompsoq proposes that we shall go and see them this evening. * ****** Washington City, Feb. 20, 1853. Yesterday was a very bed day, and instead of going to the capitol, we wen l to see the spiri tual rappers, Mrs. Fox and her two daughters, who have filled the Federal city with amaze ment, by calling from the regions above, all the spirits of all the departed friends of those who visit them. General Thompson, Mr. F. Burt and myself went at 3 o’clock, and remained with them an hour and a half. The mother was a plain looking woman, wia good head and good countenance. The (laughters were also plain girls, and appeared to b@ sensible and well behaved. When we went ; nto their room they were all seated round a cer.|re table, with a gen tleman who was conversingovith the spirit of his deceased wife. He asked a g pat many questions, some of which were ansv correctly, arid others not. The poor man r med to be in great | 4rS P»t in com muni- I communicate with him alone," ../* ’she promised to do so. He wished t« know vben and she replied, very soon. He asked if she had any message to send her mother, and received no answer. Gen. Thompson then seated himself at the ta ble. and asked if the spirit of his uncle, Dr. Wil liams, was present and would communicate with him. There was instantly loud and impetuous rap ping. He inquired ifthers were any persons in the room who saw him die I The response was in the affirmative ! How many ? T wo! Who were they? Perry and Thompson ( Who wrote his will ? Perry! Had any portion of his property been sold 1 Yes! Who bought his fine horse Stse'e ? His wife ! Was he happy ? Yes! Had he seen Judge Thompson, Mrs. Thomp son. &o. ? Yes 1 Were they s!t perfectly happy ? Yes! Did he find his religious notions comet 1 Partially! The spirit of Gen. Glasscock was then called for. and answered a variety of questions, all cor rectly, as did the spirit of Dr. Williams. Mr. Burt then took his seat, and called for the spirit of his father, which responded very prompt ly, and told where he died, was buried, &c.— The spirit of Mr. Burt’s son was called, and re sponded. This is all very wonderful, to be sure, and still I am incredulous, and cannot but think the whole matter is an arrant imposture. Three raps is yes—one rap is no. The old woman runs over the alphaphet till she pronounces the letier neci ssaiy to spell a word or name, and thee is a rap, Names are written down, and the spirit is asked to rap when the right name is written or pointed to. In shis way the com munication? are made, and after all it may be lucky guessing. My mind is naturally skepti cal, and I always require strong proof before I believe anything strange and unnatural. I in tend to go some day and call for the spirit of my departed friend, Dr. Crook, and I have no doubt there will be aloud and prompt rapping, and that I shall learn from it a good deal about the world of spirits, and the world of living men, too. But really, the most extraordinary stories are told in regard to rapping, and the dancing of ta bles in private familes. It is said Gen. Bailey’s daughters, of Virginia, are performing all these tricks as successfully as the Miss Fox’s. We were told, too, by Mrs. Burt, of the same feats being performed in her parlor, by Mr. Burt and herself and Mr. and Mrs. Bell. They likewise succeeded in calling up a spirit, or, rather, the rapping of a spirit. Gen. Hamilton was put in communication with his Vlns, who are dead, and he believes in the truth and reality of the rappers. •«- THE SUPREME COURT. Washington City, Feb. 22, 1853.—1 paid a visit this morning to the Supreme Court of the United States, which sits in the extreme north end of the Capitol, below the Senate chamber. In going from the House of Representatives into the Supreme Court, one is struck with the great contrast between these two bodies. They are the two extremes of commotion and quietness. On my return into the House, I observed to Gov. Aiken the contrast which had so much struck me. Judge Bragg, of Alabama, who was sitting by, remarked jestingly, that the Supreme Court was the only decent body in the Cap tol. A distinguished member from South Carolina, who joined in the conversation, playfully re marked that the House of Representatives was the extreme of rowdyism, and the Supreme Court the extreme of stupidity. I enquired, then, how it was in regard to the Senate. He replied that the Senate had all the rowdyism of the House and the stupidity of the Court. In other words, the two extremes were united in the Senate. The Judges were all except Mr. Jus tice Catron, of Tennessee. Judge Curtis, of Mas sachusetts, is a very young looking gentleman, and a very good iooking one. The Chief Justice, Taney, is a hard featured Judge, and two or three of his associations were far from having been selected for their beauty. I am siise if they had lived in the days of good Queen Bess, she would never have made any of themjLord Chan cellor. It is said Queen Elizabeth selected Lord Holton and elected him to the woolsack on ac count of his dancingand personal beauty. But these Supreme Judges, ugly as some ol them are, are all married men. They have been fortunate enough to take the fancy of their wives. I am very often wondering.when I see a very homely, hard featured, ugly man, how he ever succeeded in winning the heart of a woman. But, then, I have still greater wonder, when I see a real ugly woman, (and I have seen several thousand just such in this city.) how it is she captivated the heart of her husband. I can account for it only on the principle of Mesmerism—the Mesmerism of love. But let me go baek to the Supreme Court. There was a case before the Court from Maine, and four Yankee lawyers arguring it. It involved the constitutional power of regulating commerce on the part of Congress. One of these learned lawyers contended that if the Court decided the case against his clients, a Yankee pedlpr would not be able to carry off a load of wooden clocks and nutmegs, except under act of Con gress ; and that an old woman starting to market with her chickens and eggs would have to en quire what regulation on the subject had been made by Congress. THE PATENT OFFICE. Washington City, Feb. 23,1853. —I went to the Patent Office this morning with Mr. Burt, and we spent several hours in looking over the curious and wonderful things there. The print ing press of Doctor Franklin, when he resided in London, »ore than one hundred years ago, at tracted my attention. It is the press at which the Doctor worked all the time he was in Lon don. The press has been purchased and pre sented to the Natiocal Institute. It looks very much like the one used in the Republican office at Greenville about twentv-seven years ago The military dress of Gen. Washington also at tracted my attention, and likewise that worn by Gen. Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. They are not made of very fine material. We also saw the writing desk used by Gen. Wash ington through the whole Revolutionary War. There is a noble bust of Robert Burns, the poet, and a noble head and face he had. There is a marble bust of Mr. Poinsett, presented by Mrs. Poinsett; but it is any thing elsebut flattering. The bust of Mr Van Buren is not a good one, and does not do him justice. There were busts in plastei of Calhoun, McDuffie and Preston, by Clark Mills. A bust of Cuvier struck me as something very remarkable. It is the largest head, and one of the best formed heads I ever saw. There are a few handsome paintings in the collection—one of Job and his comforters, which is the work of genius. A,full length portrait oTijeizot, the great French writer and Pr* mien ws» Worth looking at. But the cnoftG remarkable things I saw in the Way of the ftee arte, were two from Herculaneum.— They were representations in marble of female faces, and exquisitely beautilul. I suppose they .were two thousand years old, and could not be excelled by modern sculpture. The collection of wonderful and curious things brought home by the Exploring Expedition un der Wilkes, is very large and valuable. I shall not attempt to describle the Indian war weapons, &c„ &c. Nor will I notice the birds of “very color and variety which may be seen stuffed, in the Patent Office. The snakes, seals and fishes of many sorts we will pass over. There was a stuffed ourang-outang. which looked horribly like an African. It made me shudder to look at the thing, so much like a human being, standing on its hind legs with a club in its fore feet, or hands. The mineral specimens were bevond number,and some of them very beautiful. The models for all sorts of machinery, and some machinery,besides, were beyond my count or inspection. For inven tion and machiney no people in the world can equal the Americans. I went with Col. Colcock this morning to see Clark Mills’ Eqestrian Statue, and was very much struck with its appearance. A few hours afterwards whilst standing in the Rotunda ofthe Capitol, a gentleman came up to me and asked if I was not Col. Peiry, of South Carolina. I told him that my name was Perry, and that I lived in South-Carolina. He then informed me that he was Clark Mills, and was glad to meet me again. I was truly happy to see him. and he gave me an interesting account of his statue, and the one he is going to make of Washington. He said he should make a great improvement on the Jackson statute. I said that would be hard to do. He repled he knew its faults, but was not going to point them out. He is very much improved in appearance, manners and conver sation since I saw him last. I have seldom seen one more improved. There was a considerable storm the other night, and some one asked Mr. Mills if he had seen his horse since, and wheth er it was blown down. He replied, as we were informed by Col. Colcock, that when the Presi dent’s House wasfblown down, his horse would be. and not before. The wings of the Capitol are going on slowly. It will be an immense building when these wings are completed—oneot the finest buildings in the world. No one ean have any conception of its magnitude and beauty. A London Bazaar. — [An American lady de scribes one in the National Intelligencer:]—“ I was at a charming scene a few mornings since, the fancy bazaar at Chelsea, patronised by many distinguished ladies, for the benefit of the old pensioners. In my ignorance of the mode of conducting such things here, I fancied that we should be able to see as well as present a pretty toilette ; so the sun being very bright, for the first time I dressed my feet a V Amerieaine , that is to say, not in two-inch soles; but, alas! at the l hour appointed it rained fast; my escort appeared, i glanced at my costume and pretty bronze slip j pers. and recommended galoshes and preparations i ny.A. In a few minutes wn were or. b-sard one of Ihe ugty, uricohnforfable little beetles' fly ing over the Thames, and a curious contrast they are to our fine ferry-boats ; no awning, no pro tection of any sort over the one crowded deck, with only standing room ; yet they are not un picturesque in the ease and swiftness with which they run up and down the narrow river, winding through the bewildering mass of boats and shipping: never turning, merely darting at the different stairs, and, without being fastened in any wav, before you can speak they have caught up fifty passengers. On approaching the bridges, which are too low to allow the chim neys to pass beneath, the smoke-pipe bends slow ly, as if in a not ungraceful salutation to such beautiful specimens of architecture. I believe it was Canova who said that to see Waterloo fridge was worth a journpy to England. The new houses of Parliament rise with a Ve netian look from the river which leaves one !a cade, and if only built of clearer stone, or rather under our own violet-blue sky. would, in its un broken length of towers, carvings and statues, he gorgeous We passe the ‘water-gata’ ot the Duke of Buckingham, the last remnant of the princely mansion of the superb Villers. Al though the rain spun a mist about me, the trans it was very novel and enjoyable; but when we reached the entrance of the Hospital, and saw the acre of mud to be traversed, carriages being prohibited, I thanked the prudence of my com panion which had vetoed the papered soles; and gathering up mv skirts, and advancing in Eng lishwoman fashion, I entered the immense tent, which was filled with fashionables, and decora ted with appropriate draperies. In the large court without, were arranged the six bands of the household troops, which opened together in one tremendous, tympanum-breaking overture; but, as the rain continued to pour down on their unprotected stand, they relieved each other al ternately within tent, the Cold-stream being perhaps the best. The stalls were filled with very pretty things, but by far the most attractive trifles dispensed were evidently the smiles of the dutchess and countess venders. Over each stall was the name of the lair owner, so that strangers could judge whether the Dutchess of Sutherland and her two daughters were entitled to the distinc tion of being among the most beautiful women in England. One of them is certainly pretty, exceedingly pretty, but not beautiful to my American eye. One figure struck me with such amazemeut. as to costume and ensemble, that I fairly stopped and gazed full at her. It was the Countess of Ailsbury, who may he hand some, but I defy anv one to identify her, en veloped in a man’s Nankin sack, dowdy gown, and most extraordinary of bonnets perched on her head, with the spirituelle beauty whose por trait you have seen. Prince Albert was ex pected, which accounted for the general rush, but it rained so perseveringly, even for London, that his highness did not appear. Fortunately the women do not mind such trifles, and it amused me infinitely to watch their strides through the pelting showers, with gowns drenched, and held up to their knees.” Knee Breeches and Buckles. — Oh ! if you could but see your humble servant in the new costume. lam sure that, spite of the respect yuu naturally feel for him as your Paris corres pondent. you would be moved to laughter. Shoes, silk stockings, tight, small clothes, a waistcoat with lappers, a velvet coat with a standing collar, and worse than all, a cocked hat and a sword. Such is this marvellous tout en semble. The sight of yourself in it, suggested a fancy ball once—but when you are delivered at the Tuileries, you rather incline to the idea of amateur theatricals. There is a man dressed as an Emperor, but neither looking the part nor acting it: there is a man in the habit of a Mar shal of France, but whose thick, uncouth pro portions, remind you of the strong man at the circus, who catches cannon balls in the nape of his neck; there are small men, seeking to pass for great men: bad men. striving to look like good men: and women of loose character though, of high rank, putting on the semblance of virtue and morality. If by any chance there are decent people there, they are assimilated to the rest by the garments they are compelled to assume. If you never thought so before your fancy dress convinces you now that the whole thing is a play—not perhaps a farce, for it is not intended as a joke—but a tragedj' with shades for the principal characters. He mpans what he does in good earnest, but the audience take it in jest. The clown is vigorous and indefatigable—but the uninterested spectators sigh for a rotten ap ple, as the most energetic mode of expressing their unbought opinion. —Paris Correspondent N. York Express. Anecdote. —Two men travelling together, one says to the other, I will deposit this piste reen under a rock, and after we have lode three miles I will send my dog for it, and he will bring it te me. He accordingly sent his dog, and when he got to the place where the money was, the stone was so large that he could not turn it over. Two other travellers seeing the dog so busily engaged, one had the curiosity to go and see what he was about; when turning over the stone he discovered the money and put it in his breeches pocket. The dog followed them to their lodgings and after they had retired to r«st went into the chamber, took the man’s breaches and sarried them horn* to his master. — TTT— VOL. 32 - NEW SERIES - VOL- 8 NO Spain—Her Extent—Population— Taxes —Army, &c., &c. As interesting questions have arisen, and more vital questions are likely to arise, between the United States and Spain, it is a matter ot some moment to know in advance of any coli sion between us, the extent of her power and her capacity to wield it. Spain is snugly ensconced in the South-west corner of Europe, between the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, a position emi nently favorable for the development of her na tional character and which contributed greatly to make her foremost among the nations in the fifteenth century. The kingdom is however di vided by lofty mountain ranges into several provinces, having little intercourse and but a sluggish sympathy with each other; she is sepa rated from the Atlantic in great part by the kingdom of Portugal; and her strongest fortifi cation, Gibraltar, is in the hands ot the English, which she has gallantly buWainly attempted to wrest trom their grasp. The -area of Spain is about one eighth, as large as that of the United States; her population is less than half as numerous; while her annual products are not one third as large as ours. Her annual taxes amount to 70 millions ot dollars. Her army consists nominally of 104.000 men, probably only 70,000 actually in ranks, which is led by 672 Generals—twice as many as Frame has for five times the number of troops. In some respects Spain is improving. The Inquisition was formally suppre sed in 1812. During the Napoleonic wars, a Cortes, or House of Parliament, was established and a constitution formed which still exist and contribute in some degree to mitigate the rigors of despotism, and to arouse the intellect and patriotism ofthe peo ple, though not one can be a deputy unless he owns real estate worth S6OO per annum, and no one ean vote, except professional men, who is not 25 years old, and pays S2O in taxes annually. In 1226 there were blit two newspapers pub lished in Madrid; in 1850 there were 13 dailies, with an aggregate circulation of 35,000 copies, j»hd are said to be conducted with ability and Wjrfnty. - Education is vieing with the press in diffusing light through the country. In 1803 with a pop ulation of 10,250,000, there were but 30.000 per sons receiving an education in all the schools of the kingdom. In 1850 about 700,000 children were in the public schools, on which the State expends about $750,000 annually. About 1,100.- 000 persons are able to read out of a population of 12,135,000. Manufacturers of wool, silk and iron have all flourished during ihe last 10 or 12 years, and the country is said, by Mr. Wallis, who is the authority for these statistics, to be relatively prosperous and thriving beyond any past experience. The present government of de la Rosa has taken one step backwards, by decreeing that “no Foreigner will hereafter be permitted to profess, in Spain, any religion but the Roman Catholic Apostolic ” The United States have nothing to dread from the hostility ofSpain, yet the power of human progress would dislike to witness a contest which would probaoly arrest the advancement—slow, it is true—of our old ally, to whom we can but cherish a kindly feeling, notwithstanding her arrogance and bloody cruelty. California Then and Wow. In 1845 San Francisco had but 150 inhabi tants. In April 1847 there were 375 besides a few Indians. In October ’47, there were 800. In October'4B, 150 votes were polled, and in December ’4B, 347. In August ’49, there were 1,519 votes cast. In January J 53, the city con tained 30.000 people and about 10,000 voters. In March ’47 there were only six vessels in port, and on the 18th of the following Decem ber only four, and no arrival for a week. In January, February and March of 1843, there were but nine arrivals of vessels, four ot which were from the neighboring ports of Monterey and San Pedro ; and for the last quarter of 1847, the imports amounted to 549.000 and the ex ports to $53,600. From the Ist of January to the 31st of October, 1852, there were 827 arri vals, with an aggregate tonnage of 370,345 tons, and in last month over 200 vessels in port. From January 1 to October 31. otthevear 1852, the duties received at the Custom House amoun ted to $1,560,842 15, and the number of passen gers arriving by sea during the same period, was 58,851, while those who departed in the same manner were 19,575. The first brick building was erected in September 1848, and this was the second brick house in Upper California, there being at that date one in Monterey. In the first two months after the discovery of gold, in December. 1847, the amount of dost, brought into San Francisco was about $250,000, and during the next two months about 600,000. Now it is five millions a month. The first Protestant house ot worship in California, was built by the Baptists, and was dedicated on the sth ot August, 1849. At the present time, there are eighteen churches, two of which are Catholic and the rest Protestant. January 1, 1852. there were five daily and seven weekly newspapers, twenty private bunking houses twenty-four auction houses, four batr bouses, sixteen bakeries, seventeen barber shop.,, forty two blacksmiths, nine booksellers anil station ers. thirty-three boot and shoe dealers, twenty eight butchers, fifty master carpenters and b"ild ers. sixty-two clothiers, nine dealers in crock ery and glass ware, one hundred and thirty com mission merchants, twenty-eight dry goods deal ers, thirty-four druggists, nine furniture dealers nine fancy dry goods dealers,twenty-seven hard ware dealers, ninety-three groceries, six livery stables, twenty-six milliners and dre-.s maker’s shops, twenty-two house and sign painters,eight saddle and harness makers, nine ship chandlers, twenty-four stove and tin ware dealers, twenty three tailor shops,eighteen upholsterers, forty-six dealers in watches and jewelry, about sixty phy sician*, and about one hundred and fifty law yers.—N. Y. Express. Rome in 1853—A private letter from a well informed American, to the editor of the Tribune, dated Rome, January 18th, gives the following sombre picture of the present condition of the Eternal City : *■ Rome is in a wretched state. Supported by France and Austria, the Governmentis proscrip- i tive and cruel in ttie extreme. What with fines, i imprisonments, expulsions, &c . scarcely a fami- | ly, high or low, that has not been subjected, within the last two years, to some severe pun- i ishment for participation, no matter how slight J or indirect, in the revolutionary proceedings of | The authorities have announced their j etermination to eradicate every thing like re- , publican sentiment, and every day witnesses the execution of painful and rigorous measures, notwithstanding the publication ol twoannesties of the Pope. “ There is a scheme in contemplation which, | if earried into execution, will bind the poor j Romans hand and foot, and consign them to j slavery. The plan originates with Spain, as I such a project should. It is proposed that the | Great Catholic Powers should unite in lonning j what is called a common Protectorate over the 1 Roman States, co.istituting them neutral here- j after in all cases of war, and guaranteeing to preserve the integrity of the Pope’s temporal j government against all enemies, external and j internal. An arrangement like this, which would connect the integrity of this Govern ment with the guaranty of foreign powers, would be infamous in the extreme, and certainly, so far as it tended to curtail the imprescriptable right ot the Roman people to modify their form ol government at pleasure, would be null and void by maxims of public right, which no inter. nationalcombinaticns.no treaties, can override or overturn. I fear, however, fiorn all l hear, this infamous scheme will be carried out.” The Interior es Africa—lnteresting Sketch. The Rev. Mr. Bowen, a returned Baptist missionary, preached in Columbus, in this State, Sunday last, and the Times of that place gives the following interesting account of his sermon : It may not be generally known that the Southern Baptist Missionary Board has a Mis sionary station in the interior of Africa, twelve days’ journey trom the coast, upon the banks of the Niger. The mission was established by Rev. Mr. Bowen, who has spent two or three years in the work, and is now in America, en gaged in a praise-worthy effort to enlarge the mission. He will return to Africa in the fall, and hopes to take with him five more Mission aries. Our esteemed friend, Rev. Sanders Den nard, of Barbour county, Alabama, has resolved to devote his life to the good work, and will re turn with Rev. Mr. Bowen. The Interior of Africa is a high rolling prairie country, abundantly watered, produces corn, po tatoes and the tropical fruits in great profusion, and is as healthy as any other region in the same latitude. The people are generally farm ers, and cultivate the soil with some success with the hoe; though numbers of them are mechanics, such as Tailors, Shoemakers, Black smiths, Weavers, &c. They wear shoes, panta loons and tunics: are remarkably honest and humane, and treat their women with considera tion. They live in houses constructed upon the plan of those so frequent in Mexico, which sometimes are large enough to contain one hun dred inmates. Their cities are large and reg ularly built, some of them aie four by two and a half miles in extent, and contain 00,000 to 100.000 inhabitants. The country is governed by a King, whose authority is limited by a coun cil of 70 elders, without whose concurrence he ean exercise no authority ; crimes are punished by courts of justice and every specific crime has a specific punishment attached. No man, how ever, can be punished without the consent of the patriarch of his family. The people believe in one God, and some of them worship him alone, though the national worship is directed to inferior deities both be nign and malignant. The public mind is open to the reception of truth; the missionary is cordially received by the people, and he is not hindered in his labors by the government. We do not know of a more favorable mis sionary field than that now being opened on the waters of the Niger, and we congratulate the Southern Baptist Church upon the success of their enterprise, and hope tbe necessary aid will be promptly given to Rev. Mr. Bowen to ena ble him to place his mission on a firm basis. We understand that Yarriba is the chief city of tne country above described, and that th* population of tbs State is over SO,OOO. March. Blown by ruilu gusts, nun rutting scuds aloft. March fills tho noon ; while loosed in grief, full oft The wiutjs bewail or roar in thunders by; Yonder tho forest at tho Bound inelino.s Its boary boughs that with tho movement - shed Jewels around ; and, seo! a-nidst them shines Tho d irling crooos, with defiant head. Silver’d with snow, yet opening to the sky. Strange are his moods : for now ’ti? splendor all. Sow sullon gloom, now calm, now pregnant shi do, Suushino and storm; now wakesttho waterfa.l, Sow brooklets flow, and now in i'o are stay’d. Yet, budding out. despite each fickle hour, Green tints tho bank, and promise shapes the flower. Little Sue. Dear little Sue, with her eyes so blue, And her tresses of golden hair, Her cheeks that rivalled tho peaah's hue, And her lips so red and so fair, How her silver tongue so joyously run, When watching, she hailed with delight, Mv evening’s return, while on my neck she hung, Lisping her prayer and good night. Poor littlo Sue, no more shall I view Prom tho casoment her boautiful face, Nor welcome at ove. for she has bade us adieu, And vacant, and silent, her place; Under the ground, wheroyon green mound Covers small and new, In a sleep so swoct, so quiet and sound, Rosts my gontlo, my ungol Pue. [Charleston. Connor Romance in Real Life. The sale of the greatest flax mill on the con tinent says the Paris correspondent of a London paper, situated on the frontier close to Courtrof, has been the greatest commercial event of the week, but would be of little import to us did it not exemplify the prognostic advent of women to the rule of the commercial world in France, as well as that of the world of politics, and that of gallantry, which they have so long; swayed. The purchaser of the vast concern is Madame L , to whom it was knocked down after the warmest competition on she part of some of the greatest mil owners of Europe The history of this lady is perhaps one of great er interest than that of many of the wisest men and bravest conquerors of the earth ; exhibiting, moreover the French element of character in its most striking and advantageous light. “ Madame L is the daughter of a mer chant at Marseilles, and when still very young was married to a Catalan officer in the ser vice of Don Carles. During the whole of the disastrous war which preceded the entire de feat of the Pretender, and his final expulsion from Spain, Madame L followed the for tunes of her husband, and it was doubtless during this time ot hardship and danger that both mind and body became fortified to the task which was subsequently imposed upon her. During one of the skirmishes in Ihe mountains her husband was shot. Madame L with her own hands dug his grave, and fled alone with her two children into the deepest solitudes. She well knew that neither her sex nor her foreign birth would have saved her from the fate of all connected with the fortunes of Don Carlos. The peasants of the district, although destitute as herself, were less ferocious than the soldiers of her majesty, and she took shelter in the mins of au old convent, situated on a deep acclivity, frequented only by the shepherds who came from the valley below to tend their flocks. Wood was the only comfort which could be had during the long and dreary winter; of this Madame L , unaided, laid in a good supply. By attending to the sheep and stabling them during the night, she obtained a scanty crust for herself and milk for her chil dren without cost. “In a little while the inconvenience and loss of time occasioned by the obligation to ascend tba mountain on the part of the women, when em ployed in bringing food or messages to 1 heir husbands, led her to offer to share her refuge with the poor female pasants during the clay. The great refectory of the convent was soon cleared out by her industrious hands, and present ly each morning beheld the arrival of the w'hoie village lip at the convent, where it was found by the women far more cheerful and pleasant to sit and spin the livelong day, in company, in a large, airy, well-warmed hall, and to see the children merry with their playmates, than to pass the hours in dreary watching lor the hus band’s return, each one alone in her solitary hovel, worried with the cries of hungry children, and prevented from working by t.he daily journey up to the mountains. The only remuneration which Madame L received lor many mouths from each of her guests was a weekly handful of spun wool, which she would now and then sell at the nearest town. “ By degrees, and by dint of management and industry, she was enabled to purchase for herself the raw wool of the shepherds, and to beg for work instead of materials trom their wives. Be fore the summer was over she had alreadly con tracted for the labor of most of her protegees, and at the very next sheep-shea ring became the purchaser of more than half the wool. The winter following war one of immense prosperi ty in tire village. No •otiqer forced to w’ond j their weary journey to the town in search ol a 1 precarious sale of the produce of their labor, nor up the cold mountains to bear provisions for their husbands, the women found a buyer lor the whole of their work in the person of Madrtno L , who, during the second spring after her | establishment in the convent,was enabled to take a journey to the frontier, and there to contract with one of the greatest wool buyers of Franca lor the produce of her next winter’s spinning. In three years the old convent of F was found converted into a spinning factory ; in fine, it was renowned throughout the commerce of the north or the beauty and fineness ol its pro duce ; and at this day it is the most impor tant and thriving establishment of the kind in all Spain. “ Madame L has four ofthe great factories constantly employed in the country, seven of divers dimensions in France, besides several flax and cotton mills in Belgium, to which by her late purchase, she has added the most important) in that kingdom. She is now one of the most wealthy industrial capitalists of Europe. Shu is courted and applauded ; associates with the highest individuals in every country she visits ; is the guest of sovereigns when treating com mercial questions of importance. She possesses, to the full extent, the influence she desires and deserves, and yet she has retained the simplici ty ol tastes she had acquired while sharing the ad verse fortune of her husband, and the only selfish luxury in which she has retained since her ac quisition of wealth is the magnificent mnoument of white marble which greets the astonished eyes of the traveller in one of the wildest and most solitary passes near Probedo, and records, in letters of gold, that in that spot is buried “ lago L , aged 27, who fell in the service of his country.” Wonderful Saoaoitt op a Horse.—Saaio short time since, w! ile spending a few days in old Prince George’s at the house of a friend, T met with several gentlemen, and among them Dr. R***#*#n, of Calvert, and bis brother; af ter conversing upon various topics, the conversa tion turned upon horses, and soma very surpri sing stories were related of the wonderful saga - city of that animal. One gentleman said that he once owned a little mare, who invariably re fused to pass by a window with red curtains, and attributed lit to the fact of her once having been owned by an old gentleman who was re markably fond of his glass, and as red-curtains are commonly used for bar-rooms, she had con traded the habit of stopping at such places. Well, said Dr. R., turning to his brother, Tom, you remember my riding horse, “Old Charley it’s a positive fact, that he was in the habit of feigning the bellyache, for the sole purpose of getting a drink of whisky, and the way I detect ed him was this: 1 observed that he never had * an attack, except when in the immediate neigh borhood of one of our villagesor country stores. It happened on one occasion, that the store near which he was taken, was out of whisky, with which I had been in the habit of drenching him, so I was compelled to give him some spirits of turpentine; he never was attacked near that store again, but at the other places continued to have his attacks. I began to suspect him, and commenced giving him turpentine at the other places ; and true as preaching, wherever he got turpentine in place of whisky, his attacks were never felt as usual. Finally, l got to giving him whisky at home alone, and the consequence was, that he never was attacked with his old complaint oil’my own plantation—though he al ways pretended to have it as soon as tbe saddle was put on his back. I used to humor him, give him his whisky, and never wanted whipor spur to ride with, but as sure as I undertook to ride him without his dram, he would act out the character of the dullest brute that ever wore hair. —Washington News. An Argument for Drinkino. —“Now I ax you fellers, who’s the best citizen, him that sup ports government or him a3 doesn’t? Why, him as does, in course. Wo support guvern ment.. every one as drinks supports guvernment, that is if he licker at a license house. Every blessed drop of licker that he swollers that is taxed to pay the salary of them ar officers, such as Mayors and corporationers, the Constables, Presidents and Custom-house gentlemen. ’Sposo we was to quit drink—why guvernment must fail; it couldn’t help it no how. That’s the very rezun I drinks. I don’t like grog. I mor tally hate it. If I fullered my own inclination, I’d rather drink buttermilk, or ginger pop, or Dearborn’s sody water. But I lickers for the the good of my country to set an example of potriotism and virchuous aell-denial to the rizen. generation. _ A woman in Boston has commenced a suit of divorce against her husband, because he would not allow her to apply her tongue to the stopper of the molasses jug every time she used it, a privilege every Yankee woman considers sacred. (“ Excuse me, madam, but I would like to ask. why you look at me so very savagely ? w “Oh beg pardon, sirl I took you for tny hus band.”) Murder. —Mr. W. S. Irby, of Alabama, whip ped a negro man to death, not long since, and was immediately arrested and bound over to court, in a bond of SSOOO, Such outrageous in humanity should meet the condign punishment the law annexes to theerione. —Coiumbw Times, 3th imt.