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(Congressional. Special Session of S. ® Monday, March 21, 1853. CENTRAL AMERICAN AFFAIRS. - from the Secretary of State.-nd documents by which it was accompanied; Keterred to the Commi’tee on Foreign Relations. The following resolution.was announced as ♦ha business before the Senate : ' R. solved. That the Secretary ol State be di rected to communicate to the Senate such in formation as it may be in the power ol this I e partment to furnish, in regard to the conflicting claims of Great Britain and the State ol Hondu ras, and their respective titles to the Islands of Roatan, Benoeea. Utilla, Barbarat, Helena, and Morat. in or near the Bay ol Honduras. Mr Everett addressed the Senate lor nearly two hours on the subject before the body. It the debate should now terminate, he said, it would leave on the public mind not only an in correct. but a somewhat painful impression as to the real state of affairs in Central America, and our connection with them ; and the country would lie alarmed, and think that they are more serious than they are in reality at this time. Hence, having recently held an othcial position that required him to pay some attention to the subject, hh thought it proper that he should en gage for a short time, the attention ot the Sen at He thought to make an acknowledgment to the Senator from Illinois (Mr. Douglas) for the favorable notice that he had been pleased to take of the letter addressed by him, as Secretary ot State to the Ministers of France and Spain, on the subject of the proposed tripartite convention relative to Cuba. It he could think that the Senator did not. in the warmth of his argument. ' overrate the merits of that letter, he should cer tainly teel. from the favorable notice taken of it I by so discriminating a judge, that his (Mr. E. s) , ambition, as a public man, ought to be satished. : It was a subject of great difficulty and impor tance. dividing, to some extent, the opinion ol the country, and it was his desire, in that letter, | to nnd out. if possible, and assert the line ot prin- | eiple and policy which, generally, would be ap- j proved by the country. We should, ii possible, ■ the public faith, with the sanctity of public honor and with the dictates of a liberal conserv atism. This was the object which he had in view; and if in any degree he had attained it, his utmost ambition was satisfied. But it allow ance be made for the total dissimilarity ot the two subjects—the proposed tripartite treaty, to which the letter applied, and the treaty between the United States and Great Britain, ot IS-jO— , he thought it would be allowed that the cons.i tutional doubt which he expressed as applicable to one case, could not be applied in the other. The Cuban treaty could not have procured a sin gle vote in the Senate, and the President was j not ill advised enough to send it here; whereas, the (Clayton and Bulwer) treaty was ra ified by a majority largely exceeding that required by the Constitution —two-thirds. After speaking of the importance ot our rela tions with Central America, and the condition of the States in that quarter, he alluded to the hostilities which now exist between Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and said the exclusive privilege to the United States for the interoceanic canal could not be obtained because Nicaragua was not in a condition to make the grant. She claimed unbroken sovereignity over the whele route. She is satisfied that her claim is good, and we think that it is good. But there was a great power that set up a rival claim, and this was to be disposed ot; and this was. he understood, one of the objects of the treaty of April 19, 1350. Although Great Britain set up this claim and although we think it unfounded, yet, in reference to this question, she set it up only to aid the con struction of the canal—not to obstruct its execu tion. She said Nicaragua had no right to give the charter, because Nicaragua did not own the entire distance. It was the leading proposition in the treaty to give the assent of Great Britain i to the charter With regard to the Mosquito kingdom, he be lieved with his friend from Delaware, that it was Aominis Umbra — the shadow of a name. It is really nothing more: and it would be a waste ot the time of the Senate to attempt to prove the insanity of this king and this kingdom. During two centuries Great Britain had contracted cer tain duties and obligations towards the Mosquito Indians, w ho are reduced to a mere handlul,and are in a wretched state, and she does not consid er herself in a condition wholly to disregard them. England has no interest or motive in keeping up the protectorate. He repeated, there were so many conflicts in the Central American States, that there would have been no safety for us in undertaking the exclusive construction of the canal, involving, perhaps, a cost of a hundred millions of dollars, and it was therefore proper that Great Britain and the United States —two friendly powers— should agree to protect the interoceanic commu nication. In relation to placing our diplomatic relations with Central America on the most advantageous footing, he said much depends on the individual who is sent there; and that, small as the Central American States are, it is more important who is sent thither than to London. Paris, or St. Pet-rsturg. He rr>l K V>t without Intending to complimenr.'ttnrt tte ptace.l entire confidence in the President. Out of the able and distin guished men of his own party he will find the right man. The only two diplomatic appoint ments —to Switzerland and Peru—is a sufficient pledge to his mind that the President will have regard to merit and qualification. He had no doubt the same good sense would preside over the appointment lor this mission: and if the right man can be found to take the affairs of Centra"A nerica in hand, and bring the long delaved controversy to a conclusion, he believed it would cover him with honor. If we cannot now settle and remove all the difficulties which obstruct the execution of the contract, he could but see that Nicaragua and Costa Rica struggle on. in hostility, the one against the other, and the canal through the territory would be inde finitely postponed. He did not think that England had violated or intended, to violate the faith ol treaties. What had she gained by the treaty ? She was not obliged to make a treaty to execute faithfully its provisions. We had no claim upon her.— What political inducement or ambition operated as a sole purpose for making it? There was difficulty enough liefore. Then, as to Central America proper, leaving out the Balize and Honduras question, he could not but see that England has done what she contracted to do.— There was. however, some difference as to the meaning of the treaty. She has given up this, and then that, and said she will abandon the protectorate. She has given up San Juan, and declares herself desirous of getting out of the whole matter as soon as possible. If there is eause for a supposition of bad faith, a disposition to cavil, (and there would be reasonable grounds,) it might be said the United States, in recent transactions at San Juan, had broken their faith. We there see the municipal government created into an independent corporation, under the name of the Musquito King, it is true, but composed of American citizens. As to the settlement at Balize, and all she had said regarding it, he did not think worth while to discourse on the sub ject. He believed it is generally admitted—let thi decision of geography be what it may, let Balize be in Central America or in Mexico, let its origin and settlement be what they will— that the British settlement was not in contem plation by the negotiators at the time the treaty was made. Attention was not then turned to it. and the same remark, to some extent, is true of the Bay of Islands. He understood the British govern ment claimed the title to be rfe facto and de jure in it, but’as to the validity of the claim he had not a word to say. The people there asked for protection, and it was afforded to them on the payment of a certain amount of money. He, however, candidly said that the organization of the islands into a colony was an ill-advised step, which he thought would Ire abandoned upon proper representation to the foreign office in London. He had no doubt of it. He did not apprehend any disturbance of the relations between this country and Great Bri tain in consequence of the state of things in Central America. He agreed wi'h the distin guished Senator from Illinois, (Mr. Douglas,) that England does not love us. There is no room for sentimental influence in countries governed by constitutions and parliaments. It was only un der such monarchs as Louis the Fourteenth, who said ’■ I a:i the State,” that there is room to say I love oi hate. He really believed that among all parti* s in England, mutual, beneficial, and peaceful intercourse, is considered the cardinal principb >1 public policy : and on our side, to wards England and the rest of Europe, we ought to consider mutual, beneficial, and peaceful in tercourse, as the cardinal principle of our policy. He cordially ayrnpatbized with the Senator from Illinois in the view he entertains of the future growth and glory of our country ; but the Old World was not exclusively the place of tornbsand monuments to departed greatness There also, more in one than in another, but visible in all, is progress ; and nothing will prompt them more than a warm sympathy on our part. There was no country in Europe he ever visited where the name and character of an American citizen was not a direct passport to every good office which a stranger could de sire, and nowhere more than in England. He thought that, as far as geographical extension was necessary, we shall, in the natural order of things, have as much of it, and as rapidly, as the best interests of the country require. Il we wish real, solid, and substantial growth, and not lo be brought into collision, we will have it in twenty-five years to our heart’s content. We will have it by the simple increase of our popu lation. The law proclaimed on the sixth day of creation, “Be fruitful, multiply, and replenish the earth,” with the increase by foreign immi gration, and twenty-five years of peace, and wniou, (all is wrapped up in that,) will give us another America of living men. He should not jive to see it. but our children would. The Sena tor from Illinois, in all human probability, will Jive to see it, arid rio one is more likely than he to impress his views on those growing millions, and receive in return all that a grateful people can bestow on those whom they respect and love. He adjured the Senator to follow the instincts of his nature; like a true patriot giv jng his affections to hi« own country, and then comprehending all others within the scope of his generous considerations, and above all, cul tivate the arts of peace. It was by the spirit of conquest that chains were forged in England, Greece was blasted, and Rome destroyed. He counselled |uo pusillanimous doctrine of non resistance, but would act on the maxim, in “peace prepare for war.” Let us also remember that the best preparation for war is peace. It knits us together as one man. Then, if war must come, all the nations in the world cannot stand before us as a triumphant adversary But give us twenty-five years of peace, and they will be the most important in our history. There were several other points touched upon by the Senator in the course ot his eloquent re marks, of which the above is but a hasty sketch. Mr. Douglas thought it due to himself to offer a word of comment. He understood the Senator from Massachusetts to agree with the Senator from Delaware that the letter ol the for mer, (as Secretary ot State.) in which the lead ing policy of making no pledge with regard to our future condition was stated, does not apply to Central America, and therefore those two Senators have come to a common platform. He did not w ish to be placed in the position ot making a misapplication of that letter. I'he point to M. Sartiges was this, it is not within the competent authority of this Government, under the Constituiion, to give any pledge in all coming time that we will never annex any por tion of foreign territory near to ns. If it is not competent for us to give that pledge in re lation to Cuba, where does the Senator find the constitutional authority to give it in the f lay ton and Bulwer treaty in relation to Central America > If the constitutional power does not exist in the one case it does not in the othei. So far as the remarks of the Senator from j Massachusetts relative to the arts of peace are I concerned, he cordially concurred with him. 11 , any one line ot policy is more dear than another, ; it is that which avoids cause ot war and pre serves peace in all time to come. 11 there is a | difference of opinion between him and the Sena tor, it is as to the line ot jiolicy which will best accomplish the object. He thought we should : make no pledges binding those who are to come after us. He had not intimated that he wished j to annex any portion ot the territory ot our neighbors, but wished to stand uncommitted. ; Mr. Mason said that the Senate could ob tain the information desired without caling upon the President for it; and wishing to dispose ol the subject, he moved that the pending reso- : lution be laid upon the table. This was agreed to ; and, after a short Execu tive session, The Senate adjourned. Washington, March 22, 1853. Two communications were laid before the Senate from theJ>ep^. S2M t ß Lt.taI.UtaG»«.u«» 1 .UtaG»«.u«» n utiTc- tn ~rrrtnTfT uisbursefnents ot money by rGovernor Ramsey to the Sioux Indians, and the I other containing certain papers relative to the I Mexican boundary commission. i On motion of Mr. Weller, the select commit i tee on the subject of the Mexican Boundary I Commission were allowed until the next session ! to make their report. ! After further business ot no public importance, the Senate went into Executive session. When the doors were opened, Mr. Borland made a report from the select committee on tie subject of frauds in the extension of the Capitol. It was ordered to be printed, And the Senate adjourned. Washington, March 23. The Senate resumed the consideration of the resolution offered by Mr. Hamlin : Resolved, That the same extra compensation be allowed to the superintendent of printing, and the clerks and messenger under him, as is paid by the resolution of the Senate, to the other clerks and messengers of a similar grade. This, after debate, was passed with the pro viso: that hereafter no allowance of any kind bevond the regular compensation shall be made to an}' officer of the Senate. Mr. Shields called up his resolution, that the Secretary of the Senate pay to Robert Beale, late sergeant-at arms, the salary for the residue of the present year. On motion of Mr. Mason, it was laid upon the table—ayes 17, noes 16. The Senate went into executive session and after some time spent therein, the doors were opened and an adjournment succeeded. Washington, March 24. The Senate considered the resolution of Mr. Walker, authorising the committee on Indian affairs to delegate one of their number to pro ceed. during the recess of Congress, to take testi mony in the matter now on retere .ee to said committee, touching certain frauds allege I to have been committed by Alexa ider Ramsay, and others, i-i making payment of moneys to certain bands of the Sioux Indians. Mr. Hunter objected to the resolution, because he was opposed to a single member oi the com mittee exercising such important powers. Be side, he thought it would besetting a dangerous precedent. Mr. Walker said that the committee could proceed no further in their investigation without the testimony alluded to. and spoke of the im portance of quieting the Indians on the frontiers. And he stated in reply to a question by Mr. Seward, that the charge against Gov. Ramsay is, that, through a third person, he disbursed mon ey in depreciated funds among the Indians, and withheld money from certain half-breeds. Messrs. Broadhead and Seward said they were intimately acquainted with Governor Ramsay, who bore a good character for integrity, and they and others pressed the importance ol promptly examining into the charges. Pending the consideration of the subject, the Senate went into an executive session and ad journed till to-morrow. Extra Session yf tlm StaljUL Washington, March 25, 1553. Mr. Adams offered the following resolution, which lies over: Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he is hereby authorised and directed to ap point a reading Secretary, whose duty it shall be to attend in the Senate and assist the Secretary, and to do such duties, when the Senate is not in session, as the Secretary may require. And he shall receive, per annum, out of the contingent fund of the Senate, the same salary as the Chief Clerk of the Senate. There being no quorum, 27 members only be ing present, the Senate adjourned. Washington, March 25th. Washington Matters.— The Assistant Secreta ry of the Senate contemplated bv Mr. Adams’ resolution to-day, is designed for B. B. French, Esq. The clerks in the Census Office have been increased to thirty-six. principally by reinstate ments. Mr. Rufus Porter made a successful experi ment by propelling a small aerofont around the inside of Carusi’s Saloon this evening by steam power. Appointments by the President, by and with the consent of the Senate. Consuls.— William Henry Vesey, of Pennsyl vania, to be consul of the United States at Hav re, in France,in place of Lorenzo Draper, recall ed. John F. Bacon, of New York, to be consul of the United States at Nassau, in the island of New Providence, in place of Timothy Darling, resigned. Henry B. Dewey, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the United States at Para, in Bra zil. Amos S. York, to be consul of the United States for the island of Zante. Judges.— John A Campbell, of Alabama, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in place of John McKinely, de ceased. Edward lander, of Indiana, to be Chief Justice for the Territory of Washington. John K. Miller, ofOhio. to be an Associate Justice for the Territory of Washington. Victor Monroe, of Kentucky, to be an Associate Justice for the Territory of Washington. Collectors of Customs. — Paul A mau. district of St. Augustine, Fla., vice John M. Hanson, re moved. Hamilton Stuart, district of Texas, vice William R. Smith, lemoved. Richard P. i Hammond, district of San Francisco, Calfornia, vice Beverly C. Sanders, removed Marshalls and .Attorneys.— William M. Low: y to be marshal of the United States for the east ern district of Tennessee, in place of J. Parsons, resigned. Watson Freeman, to be marshall for the district of Massachusetts, in place of Charles Devens, Jr., resigned. Westley Frost, to be marshal for the western district of Pennsylvania, in place of John Dickey, deceased. J. Patton Anderson, ol Mississippi, to be marshal for the Territory ol Washington. Fleming B. Miller, to be attorney of the United States for the west ern district of Virginia, in place of B. H. Smith, removed. J. C. Ramsey, to be attorney of the United States for the eastern district of Tennes see, in place of Samuel K. Rogers, removed. Postmasters. — Selah R. Hobbie, to be first assis tant Postmaster General, in place of S. D. Jacobs, removed. Henry Sanderson, to be deputy post master at New Brunswick, N. J., in place of Samuel C. Cook, whose commission has expired. Benjamin Johnson, to be deputy postmaster at Austin, in the county of Travis, State of Texas. John G. Maier, to be deputy postmaster at Fort Wayne, Alien co., la , in place of Samuel Stoph let. Isaac Cook, to be deputy postmaster at Chicago, Cook county, 111., in place of George W. Dole. Land Offices — Alexander F. Bell, to be regis ter of the land office at lonia, Michigan, vice Louis S. Lovell, removed. Frederick A. Hall, to be receiver of public moneys at lonia, Michi gan, vice Stephen F. Page, removed. Ebenezer Warner, to be register of the land office atSault Ste. Marie, Michigan, vice Rich Butler, remov ed. William A. Pratt, to be receiver of public moneys at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., vice Jos. V. Brown, removed. Wm. M. Fenton, to be re gister of the land office at Genesee, Michigan, vice Cornelius Roosevelt, removed. Thomas S. Atlee, to be register of the land office at Kalam azoo, Michigan, vice David P. Webster, remov ed. Lawrence Van De Walker, to be receiver of public moneys at Kalamazoo, Michigan, vice John M. Edwards, removed. James Long, to be register ol the land office at Chicago, Illinois, vice Alfred Cowles, whose term of office ex pired on the 13th inst. Michael G. Dale, to be register of the land office at Edwardsville, Illi nois, vice Mathew Gillespie, whose term of of fice expired on the 16th instant. Robert C. Wilson, to be receiver ot public moneys at Pales tine, Illinois, vice Jesse K. Dubois, whose term of office expired on the 13th instant. Miscellaneous. — Green W. Caldwell, to be su perintendent of the branch mint at Charlotte, in the State of North Carolina, in place of James W. Osborne, removed. Christopher Carsori, of New Mexico, to be Indian agent in New Mexi co. Joseph M. Garrison, ol Oregon, to be Indian agent in Oregon. Portland, March 29th. A locomotive on the Kennebec Railroad ex ploded yesterday, throwing the fireman, con ductor and engineer many feet in the air, nei ther of whom were fatally injured. Portland, Maine, March 25th. The new liquor bill, more stringent than the old law, passed the House ol Representatives by a | vote of 94 to 43, The First Congressional District. Noone who knows the extreme reluctance with which Col. Jackson consented to accept a nomination for Congress, in 1851, will be sur prised to learn his fixed determination not again to be a candidate forthat post. Such is the de termination which be authorizes us to announce. We make the announcement with the deepest regret—-regret which will be shared by nearly every Democrat in the district. Col. Jackson has served us most faithfully. A thorough States Rights man. and strict constructionist, he is such a representative as will be greatly need ed in the next Congress, to sustain a State Rights and strict construction President. For no one who is acquainted with the feeling now run ning rampant and nearly resistless throughout the North and West, in favor of Internal Im provements by the general government, can doubt that if Fierce is (as who doubts it I) true to the principles of his life, he will be compelled to cheek the action of the next Congress on these questions bv an executive vote. But, Col. Jackson positively declining to go back to the scene ol his late labors, it becomes necessary for the Democracy of the District to select a candidate as his successor. How shall this se lection be made ? All, we believe, will answer, by a Convention. If so, has not the time come when some movement should be made for call ing and assembling it? This District is a large one, embracing nineteen counties. We are now approaching the end ot March—the Convention should he held, we think, in May. It is ex ceedingly important that no county should be without its representative. To bring about, then, a full representation from so many coun ties, in a Convention which, however central the place of assemblage, must meet at a point remote from some of them, will require consid erable tin.<>. Should not, then, some early ac tion to be taken, in some quarter, designating the time and place for the meeting of the Con vention ' The Whigs will, doubtless, have a candidate in the field, but whether they will run him as a Whig or as a Union man, we knew not. Their Convention has been called as a Union Conven , tioii, and is to meet, if we recollect rightly, in May. . , Various gentlemen have been mentioned, on j both sides, in connection with the office. On the side of the Union men, or Whigs, Mersrs. Hopkins, Barton, Long, and, perha)fc. Dilworth; ! on the side of the Democrats—Messrs. Reynolds I and Seward, of Thomas- Col. Gauldni, ol Übatxs. j Messrs. Ward. H.TI. Jackson, and 1' ore- ’ man, of this city. Some of these, we have rea ‘ son to believe, would not accept a nomination. For ourselves, we only desire the nomination > of a ffz man : we care not who he is, nor from j what portion of the District he comes. Ihe best ! man who will accept it should receive the no j mination, and all good party men should join j heartily in an effort to secure his election. — Sav. Georgian, 'Hid inst. [From the Neuman Banner.] Democratic Meeting. Newnan, (Ga.,) March 15, 1553. A portion of the Democratic party of Coweta ■ convened and organized, by calling Anthony North to the chair, and appointed T. B. Wilkin son, Secretary. Maj. Wm. U. Anderson, offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: Rcsoliud. That a Convention of the Democra : tic party of the county of Coweta, ( o be com posed often delegates from each Militia Dis trict.) be held in the town of Newnan, on the first Tuesday in May next, for the following purposes, viz : Ist To appoint Delegates to meet in Conven tion at Milledgeville, at such time as maybe agreed on by the Democracy, to nominate a can j didate for Governor, to be run by the Democra i tic party of Georgia in October next. I 2d. To appoint Delegates to nominate a De- I mocratic candidate to represent the fourth Con gressional district in the next Congress of the : United States. I 3d. To nominate candidates to represent Cow eta county in the Senate and House of Repre : sentatives, in the General Assembly of the State of Georgia. 4th. To nominate candidates to be voted for by the Democratic party, on the first Monday in January next, for the offices of Clerks of the Superior and Inferior Courts, Sheriff, Tax Re ceiver and Collector for the county of Coweta. Resolved, That the Democratic party of the several counties composing the Fourth Con gressional district, be requested to meet in New | nan. (represented by at least three delegates from each Militia district in their respective counties)-on the first Tuesday in June next, to nominate a candidate to represent said district in the next Congress of the United States. On motion of Col. J. T. Brown, agreed to . furnish the editor of the Banner with a copy of these proceedings for publication, and to request all the presses in the State favorable to our cause, to copy. Voted thanks to the officers of the meeting and adjourned sine die. Anthony North, Ch'n. U. B. Wii.ktnson, Sec’y. iHiscrUanfons. [ Correspondenee of the Savannah Cowner.) Letters from Abroad. Revolt in Italy—Jiff airs al Milan —Rebellion ynelled—Executions —Confiscations— Fugitives- - Austrian power in Lombardy—Affairs at Rome —Neir Cardinals—Pope goes to France. Home, Feb. It), 1853. ■ My Dear Friend:— You will doubtless have beard of the attempted revolution in Italy.— ■ Such news penetrates outwards, to foreign coun [ tries, more easily than within. All journals are subjected to rigid censorship ; mail-bags are j closely scrutinized; everything quickly sup l pressed that is calculated to excite the people, ior give confidence to them in revolt. There is, | however, a sympathetic chord in this land ol beauty and genius, which, touched, vibrates quickly to every heart. It is like the fire-sig i nals which in heroic times conveyed to My | cense, the doomed destruction of Troy. An at- I tempted revolution in Milan finds sympathisers ! in Rome, at Naples, at Palermo. The watch ' word passes from mouth to mouth , it cheers every heart. No one knows or enquires how I the glorious news may have come ; it is enough that some have still the spirit to will and to dare. No people in the world deserve more sympa ‘ thy than the Italians. Noble, brave, generous, they are crushed to earth in unworthy slavery I by superior numbers. The serried phalanxes ot Austria, Fiance and Spain, are ever ready to extinguish the first spark of liberty. Thus they groan in bondage, without hopes tor the future, taxed even to support their oppressors. The i time may soon come when it shall no longer be so : all are, indeed, looking forward with anx ; ious hopes. The prospect, however, at present, ■ is anything but promising. A sweeping fire ; that shall overrun all Europe in a blaze, is Italy's only hope. I The late revolt in Milan proved an imprudent | and unfortunate move. Its signal failure has | fallen heavily upon those who sigh for liberty in Italy: it has for the time bound their chains ; firmer and faster. A successful blow struck in | Lombardy might have changed the face of the worl I. Sardinia, the strong hold of constitution al liberty in Italy was near to lend a heiping hand : a slight jarring too might have disturbed the delicately poised equilibriu n of the Austrian I Empire. Hungary and the Eastern Provinces i are ready to revolt. A simultaneous ■ ove in j Italy and Hungary must have resulted in throw j ing off an unjust yoke. But a fanatic outbreak I in the Italian provinces has for the present blast ed all hopes of immediate emancipation. It is now near a hundred and fifty years that the House of Austria has been pushing its for tunes in the South. It has met with but con stant opposition, in race, language, and national prejudice; but its movements has ever been steadily onward. The first conquest was the little duchy of Mantua; soon followed the annex ation of Lombardy, then known as the duchy of Milan. It was originally inhabited by a brave, though rude people called the Longobardi. The Great Frederick of Barbarosa razed the imperial city of Milan to the ground. Since 1714, the time this favored country fell into the possession ol the Empire it has seen varied fortune. It long fought courageously against its oppressors; fortune however, was against it. It fell enslaved before superior num be s. But when Napoleon swept like a rapid torrent over Europe, Lombardy was again free. The great Republican Emperor put on the iron crown in the cathedral of Milan, amid the ac clamations of the people. In 1815 however, af ter Napoleon’s reverses, the valley of the Po fell again by the treaty of Vienna into the possession of Austria. A vice regal government was es tablished, always distinguished for tyranny and oppression ; under the rule of Radetzky lor cruel ty. Impracticable attempts have even been made to extinguish the last spark of national ex istence in a proud and noble people by merging them in a consolidated Empire. The recent crueltfes of the vice-regal or mili tary Government, hastened the revolt at Milan. It seems to have been lost to all sense of right and justice. Quiet and inoffensive persons were apprehened upon mere suspicion, and, without scarcely the form of trial,condemned to death. The conspiracy does not appear to have been as extensive as at first supposed. Italy is al ways a volcano which may burst forth any where at any moment. Despotism here treads on live coals, scarce concealed by imposed ashes. A sudden movement in any part of the country finds reaily sympathizers elsewhere, which would present the appearance of extensive and well-concerted movement. Greatcrnelty was practiced in suppressing the revolt. Martiai law was the order of the day ; all civil rights suspended. Innocent amusements even were prohibited ; with closed gates the re volters were shot down without form of trial. It fell most surely upon Hungarian fugitives in the city. Their liberal sympatheis caused them to be suspected. They were murdered without mercy. The property of all who showed sympathy with the movement has been confiscated. This is a sore misfortune ; it has been the curse of Lombardy. Continued attempts at liberty only throw power more into the hands of the oppres sor. There are few large estates now held by Italians ; even their little is to be wrested from the poor, because they had the courage to de clare lor liberty. Much honor is due to the English and Ameri cans in this matter. Fugitives from cruelty were freely taken on board the neighboring coas ters. American frigates cruising in the adja cent waters of the Mediterranean are said to have received many. Mazzini, the instigator to revolt, is still at liberty, though every effort has been made to seize his person. He is supposed to have escaped on board an English man-of-war. It is understood that the Sardinian Government has interfered in behalf of many of the unfortu nate. Nothing however will stay the hand of Radetzky. He is a stern tyrant and knows not 1 what mercy is. Executions are still going on at Milan, Mantua and Verona. Confiscations are made on an extensive scale. In the mean time affairs at Rome are worse. An unsuccessful attempt elsewhere always for ges chains tighter here. Government is more watchful, garrisons more on the alert. Police more active. Despotism has never laid a heavi er hand upon Rome than the present year. Do miciliary visits have been more frequent, taxes heavier, confiscations more numerous than ever before. This has been caused, |>artly by the un settled state of Europe ; the Government here fears and dreads a revolt; partly to carry out an extensive plan for the extinction of all republi canism in the Papal States. It has been sup posed that a movement was on foot having for its object a permanent scheme to protect the Chinch in absolute authority over its temporal dominion. France, bpain, Australia and Naples are siqqrosed to be parties to it. Should these powers combine in a Rome-protecting league, adieu to all hopes of liberty here. The Papal Government is. as ever, wisely dis tributing its patronage and power. Os the new Cardinals ap|>ointed, most are from the adjacent Italian States. Each brings a new legion of de fenders to the Church. France and Austria, at the same time, are satiatislied at the recognition of their power. The Archbishop of Tours and Primate of Hungary, are among thnumber. — The latter has distinguished himself tor strict subserviency to the Court of Vienna. Within two years France has given two Cardinals to Rome. It is positivaly determined that the Pope will go to Paris to crown the Emperor. This will take place some time in the month of May. It is curious that the fates ol Pins Seventh and Pius Ninth are so similar under the two Empires. Napoleon the Great conquered the former, led him in triumph to his coronation, and kept him long in imprisonment. The Imperial Nephew has the latter in his power, will drag him to No tre Dame, and it may be will not soon let him go. There are many fortresses in France where Pius Ninth might find an honorable retirement. Though all try to put a cheerful face on a stern necessity, it is said, the Papal court is quite dispirited. To be led a bound prisoner to France is humiliating indeed. There is, however, no escape. There are twenty thousand French troops at Rome ; they hold all the strong castles and the gates ol the city. Central America. The recent accounts by the "»> Or- leans, of a piece of violent intervention by the Captain of a British ship of war, in assertion of the ri»hts of that mysterious personage, the King of the Mosquitoes, seems to be confirmed by an arrival at Boston. Os course we can only as yet conjecture the rights of the case. The statement is to the effect that certain British subjects and their assignees have for a long time cut mahogany in a district near Truxillo, under a grant from the Government ol Honduras, they paying a specified duty on the timber; that these parties finding they could make a better bargain with the King of the Mosquitoes, ran ged themselves on his side and refused to pay the accustomed tax to Honduras, and that there upon the latter sent an armed force to take pos session of the place arid stop their operations. This brought about the armed interlerence of the British officer, and under a threat of bom bardment, or something of the sort, the Govern or of Truxillo was compelled to withdraw his troops, and give up the disputed district to the woodcutters and the protection of the Mosquito Majesty. On the side of Honduras it is claimed that the said district is indisputably patt of her territory. On the other side, it is of course maintained that they have no right to it. Ail the parties, the Honduras State, the Mosquitoes, woodcutters and the British officers, are accustomed to use few civilized ceremonies towards each other.— Force, fraud, bluster, lying and vituperation.— these are their weapons. It is an everlasting State of war, either declared or concealed. In such a wretched jumble ot half savage affairs, Jt was hardly to be expected that one of the great est nations of Europe would be found a conspi cuous party, but so it is, and it were very much to be wished that some inteligible account could be given of the motives that prompt the British Government to spend any portion of itsprecious time in keeping up this pother. There may have been at times some vague dea of colonizing the country of the Mosquitoes. But apparently all such projects have been fully abandon'd. Ii deed the utter impossibility of supplying effective labor in the British West I tidies, has sufficiently proved that further colo nization in that climate is an absurdity. It is not probable that, allowing all po'itfoal obstacles being set aside, any attempt to make a regular colony would be dreamed of. Nor is there an amount of trade sufficient for any serious interest on the part ol the British Government, in this forbidding, jiestilential and nearly savage portion of tropical America. The produce < ftbe forests constitutes nearly the whole value of this trade, and it is. we presume, for the sake of this that the British connexion is kept up. What its value is we have no reliable ac count. Mahogany of an inferior quality and certain dye woods constitute nearly the whole. In the original scene of these squatter settle ments, between the Rivers Hondo and Belize in Yucatan, the forests have been pretty thorough ly plundered, and so, on the “ manifest destiny principle, the wood cutters have followed their vocation over the border. They have annexed, not the lands, but the woods of their neighbors. It is for the sake of this trade that Great Bri tain bolds on to the Belize; it is for the same ob ject that she adhere* to her Mosquitoes. At least weTtffi MMi> Spanish American States are poor and experf ive; they make deplorable hard bargains with the woodcutters. The King of the Mosquitoes is also poor enough, but as he wears little or no clothes, he lives cheap and can afford to be generous.— He rents his forests for a trifle and receives his pay in glass beads. Ot course the larger his ter ritories, the greater the gains of the dealers in mahogany and logwood. Here is the true secret of the aggressive character of Great Britain in Central America. At least this statement is as reliable as any that has been put forth. It is all about the price of wood.— Ch. Mercury. A day or two since we rambled throsgh the new Medical College, now in process of erection and were surprised to find it so far advanced. The rapidity with which buildings go up in this city, is truly astonishing—Aladdin’s famous ar chitects could not build much faster than our Savannah contractors. Il by any chance one does not visit the commons oftener than twice a month, one is apt to lose his locality, amid the new improvements that are going up in that quarter of the city. The new college will soon be ready for professors and students, and we hope the ample allowances made for the latter, in point of room, will be as rapidly filled up, as they have been provided.— Savannah Journal. Mr. J. H. Lang, the foreman of the New Y'ork Novelty Works, who left the city yesterday for Florida, has furnished us with some particulars in relation to the machinery of the new' steamer Augusta, which was constructed under his im mediate supervision. The Engine is an oscilla tor, 85 inch clylinder, and 10 feet stroke. It has a balance valve, which is considered a deci ded improvement upon the old English Engine, requiring as it does, less power to work it. This, we are informed, is the third vessel, on which the improvement has been introduced. Connected with it. is Allen’s Patent Air-Pump, which is woiked directly from the crank-pin ; being more convenient and worked at considerable less ex pense. An oscillating Engine, we are told, has a direct action, the piston-rod taking immediate hold of the crank-pin, thus economizing a large space usually given to machinery. The cylinder weighs 22 tons, and the piston 3 tons. The cranks, shafts, and frame woik ol the Engine, are made of the best malleable, or wrought iron, and the whole finished in Messrs. Stillman & Allen’s best style of workmanship, which is a sure guarantee of its excellence. The frame work is so arranged that the strain or stress oi the Engine will be entirely within itself. The boilers are of the usual drop-flue description and are made in the most thorough manner. Os the Ship itself we have already given some descrip tion. She is furnished with all the modern im provements, including Pirsson’s Patent Surface Condenser, for making fresh water from salt This water is used over and over again, thus saving one-third in fuel. This Condenser we consider one ol the most important inventions of the age. We have drank water thus con densed, from the muddiest in the New York docks, and could not discover any difference be tween it mid the best filtered croton.—Sqti-jfU publican, 23if inst. DisrßKssiNo Casualties.—Miss Holloman, a young lady about eighteen years of age, daugh ter of Thomas Holloman, Esq., of Wilkinson county, while attending school near home, last week, caught her clothes on lire anil there be ing no ready means at hand to extinguish the flames she ran out doors and her entire clothing was burnt oil while she was running. Her wounds were so severe that she died the same night. Miss H. had been away from home se veral years and was an accomplished scholar and much esteemed by all who knew her. On the next day, 17th inst., an negro girl seven years of age, belonging to Mr. Peyton Clay, of the same county, lost her life in a similar man ner.—//;. Heavy Rains and Damage to the Bridges on the Montgomery and West Point Rail road.—On the night of the 17th inst., a rain occurred on the line of the Railroad, (and so far as we are able to learn, it was general,) in which a vast body of water fell in a few hours. So sudden was the rise in the small streams, that three bridges were swept away before morning. The brdges were unimportant, and will probably be repaired to-day, 24th inst. Up to this time, baggage and passengers have been changed at Red Creek, (one mile above Cho haw,) from one train to another. P S. Since writing the above, we have been visited by another rain. Last night (the 21st inst..) it rained all night, and although, not so violently as the previous one, a great quantity of waler must have fallen. We have not heard, up to this time, of any damage to the Railroad from this storm—but, the addition of this body of water just as the large streams were begin ning to feel the effects of the other, gives* us reason to apprehend the most serious consequen ces.— West Point Jlslvmale, Uth. It is is said that there is a lady at Frostville, France, 101 years of age, who has not been out of mourning once during th« last 70 years. She has successively lost her father, mother, two husbands, seven uncles, eight aunts, four broth ers, five sisters, six brothers-in-law, three sisters in-law, three sons, four daughters and thirty two grand-children. Spite of these continued afflictions she is in full enjoyment of nil her fac ulties. She has but one relation left—a grand daughter aged 72. The old lady lives witli jreat economy; giving ns a reason that she muri" lay something by for a rainy day; she may gej, ohl. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 30. Terms of Subscription. Daily Paper, per annum, in advance. .. .$H 00 Tri Weekly 5 00 Weekly, per annum in advance 2 00 If paid within the year 2 50 Attheend of the year X 00 OLZ*Tho above terms will be rigidly enforced. (XT 7 - Subscribers writing to request their pa pers changed to another Post-office, will please be particular to state the office to which the paper is now sent. Bank of St. Mary’s. 'rhe bills of the Bank of St. Mary’s under live dollars, and the change bills of J. G. Winter, are still taken at par at this office. Postmasters are requested to notify us promptly in all cases when our papers are not taken from the office. Mr. Hull’s Letter—Gov. Cobb’s Position. On the 20th instant, we published an editorial in reference to the nomination of a candidate for Governor by the Democratic party which con cluded with the following paragraphs : “ Wo would bo unfeigncdly gratified to add to this list the name of his Excellency Governor Cobb: but we regret to say wo have not evidence that ho gave his influence and good wishes to the Democra tic ticket which cast the vote of Georgia for Gon. Pierce. His sympathies, if not his secret exertions, were strongly suspected to be in favor of the Tuga lo ticket. The efforts and tbo votes of uioat of his personal and political friends whom it was general ly presumed ho could influence, wore openly given to that ticket. “ Wo should bo very happy to be mistaken in these impressions, as to the course of Gov. Cobb in this matter. If we have judged him wrongly, or misconstrued bis course and his motives, we shall bo most happy to make the amende, for we utterly disclaim personal hostility or unkind feeling to wtrds that gentleman. It gave us no pleasure to sue him in past days pursue a course by which ho jeoparded tho influence and popularity that his ta lents legitimately entitled him to, and which ho j once unquestionably ami deservedly possessed in i tae Democratic party of Georgia.” These paragraphs we hoped,would lead to a dis i closure from some authentic quaiter of the posi tion really occupied last fall by Gov. Cobb, about ; which circumstances had thrown some mystery, iWe candidly state that they were penned : for this very purpose. It was important to a : right understanding among Democrats, with a j view to the future, and but just to Gov. Cobb I that all mystery and doubt on this point should be removed. We felicitate ourself on the suc cess of our movement, and on being through this means, instrumental in placing Gov. Cobb rectus in Curia, as the lawyers would say. We have the pleasure to-day, of presenting to our readers a letter from W. Hoi-e Hull, Esq., the warm personal and confidential friend of Gov. Cobb which shows that the suspicions of the latter having secretly favored “The Tugalo Move ment’were unfounded, but that on the con trary, that ticket was brought out “ against his wishes anil advice, and against his earnest efforts to prevent it.” It was, we think, unfortunate for Gov. Cobb and for those who persisted in sus taining that movement, that he had so little in fluence with those of them who were known to be his best and nearest friends. But, be this as it may, we think it was a romantic stretch of friendship to them on bis part to hazard the de feat of the Democratic Electoral Ti< ket so far as his influence might affect it, by declining to make known his disapprobation of the move ment. His silence gave to the Tugalo ticket the full benefit of the presumption that he favored it, and must have gained votes for it. We feel under obligations to say a few simple words in reply to Mr. Hull’s objection to the manner in which the “so called” Democratic ticket was nominated. That nomination was not made irregularly, for it was made by a Convention of the Democra tic party of the State, called as such, and ratified by every man in the State who recognized him self as being a member of the Demociatic party. The Democrats, “so called” who refused to parti cipate in, or afterwards ratify that proceeding were those who at the time belonged to a differen t I FT ' l, ~ i'"—Union party, and pre- ferred to remain in that party. The nomina tion was not made for the express purpose of of fending the Union Democrats. On the contrary, it was the anxious desire of those Democrats who made it, to have the co-operation of all Union Democrats, and to commend the nomi nation when made, to their support. It is matter of history, that such language of conciliation and of fraternal appeal was used to obtain that co operation, as approached almost the bounds of humiliation. Those who felt most keenly the insulting rebuffs that language received, thought that it even leached those bounds. It was those rebuffs, and the manner of them, that caused “ certain of our Southern Rights brethren” after wards to insist on keeping up intact, the Demo- I cratic ticket as first nominated. It was the de fensive spirit of a sensitive pride that had been wounded—not a desire to fasten insult and de gradation upon others. It was to protect those on that ticket from what they considered would be under the circumstances, an insult and degra dation to them, that they objected to its be ing changed. We differed somewhat from those who so viewed the suggested alteration of the ticket. But we feel it at all times our duty to defend their motives, as well as the motives which prompted its nomination in the first in stance. It this spirit of proscription and persecution did prevail among a portion of the Southern Rights Democrats, it was the legitimate fruits of that spirit which inspired the Union Democrats and the Whigs to avow one object of their party organization, to be, to keep down the fire-eaters. — This spirit has not yet disappeared from among those calling themselves Union Democrats, and recently associated with Mr. Hull in the Tu galo movement, as is evinced by the following editorial sentiments of the Southern Banna, whose editor was on the Tugalo electoral ticket The memories of tho past, and tho forebodings of the future, warn all Union mon in Georgia, to cling to tho Union party, and not to become iden tified with tho Secessionists, who have tho unques tionable control of tho miscalled Democratic or ganization. There is nothing now or impraotioa blointho idea of two distinct domestic parties sup porting the same administration of tho jronoral government. “ It would bo suicidal in tho Union men of Geor gia to oppose tho administration of Gen. Pierco|baro ly because it may bo sustained by tho Secessionists. Our policy is to cling to it in dospito of their efforts to drive us from it, but in a distinct organisation of our own. If we cannot agree in sustainting tho administration of Gen. Pierce, wo may at least agree to keep down tho Secessionists in tho State government, and in tho Congressional representa tions. Opposition to them will then bo tho bond of union between us.”— Southern Banner, 16r7r inst. But the remnant still cherishing these bitter feelings is now a small one, and their rage as im potent as that of the scorpion girt with fire. For the rest of the Democratic party, such as it existed in old times, if they have had their bitternesses, they have also had their revenges, ami like brothers who have long been bellige rents to the great disturbance of the comfort of the common household, they are, we trust, now prepared to come together in peace and sincere friendship. Let us come together in the spirit of a cor dial and patriotic support of “ the truly demo cratic national and union-loving administration of President Pierce.” Arrival of Bisnor Scott in Liberia.—Let ters have been received from the Rev. Bishop Scott who left Baltimore on the 24th ofNovem ber last, in the bark Shirly, to visit the Metho dist Missions in Liberia. The Bishop arrived at Monrovia on the 6th of January in good health, which continued upto the 12th of that month, when the Bishop was about to leave Monrovia for Cape Palmas. He would proba bly be absent one month on that tour. The Bishop says—“ lam much pleased with Monro via. The people have done wonders, all things considered.” The passengers, numbering twenty-four, and including Mrs. Scott, Miss Freeman, and two native African youths, who went, out in compa ny with the Bishop, enjoyed excellent health nnd continued so when the advices left. The Rev. Pluto Hutt had died in Liberia since the last advices. Jenny Lind.—The New York Courier learns from the best authority that the family difficul ties which were recently said to have deter mined Mad. Goldschmidt to return to this coun try, do not exist in the least degree; and that there is no present prospect ol our hearing her again from any uausa whatever. Swearing in of the Vice President. '1 he New Orleans Picayune says: “We have been favored with the following extract from a private letter from Matanzas, received in this city by the Crescent City: “ For the first time in the history of the Re public has the man chosen by the people for t he second post of honor, taken the oath of office in a foreign land William Rufus King was, on the 4th inst., sworn in as Vice President of the Uni ted States, at the Cumbre, near Matanzas. “ The day was a most beantiful one ; the clear blue skv of the tropics over our heads, the eme rald carpet of Cuba beneath our feet, and the delicious sea breeze of these latitudes sprinkling its coolness over all of us. Early in the morn ing Consul Rodney, deputed by Judge Sharkey to administer the oath, left town on horseback for the Cumbre, accompanied by several Ameri can gentlemen. A pleasant ride of three miles brought us to the estate where Mr. King was residing, called La Cumbre, (the peak) from its situation on the culminating point of the hills that immediately surround Matanzas. The view from here is one of the most beautiful the eye ever looked upon. Far as the vision could reach in this clear blue expanse, the beautiful valley of the Yumuri extended with its winding river, its varying fields of green and gold, dotted here and there with white sparkling buildings that look ed like pearls set upon emerald, and the brown hills stretched far, far away in the distance. No more lovely or more impressive spot could have been fonnd in the whole world for the ceremony, and the solemn grandeur of the act and the scene shed its spirit over us. “The oath was administered by Consul Rod ney to the Vice President, who was ready and waiting our arrival. The volante was brought up to the door, and Mr. King stepped into it, in order to ride into Matanzas before the sun should be too high to make it unpleasant. The whole cavalcade, consisting of some twelve or fifteen American gentlemen, immediately moun ted and forming as an escort around the carriage, accompanied the Vice President to town. “The Creoles who had gathered on the lawn round the house, uncovered, and many a heart felt “God be with you,” broke from their lips as we rode away. On the road to town the na tives, whenever we met them, silently uncov ered as we approached, and as we passed sped after us the same universal salutation. A few Spaniards, standing in jjloqmy ire art the doors of their shops, viewed us In silence, or muttered a sullen ajo as the dust from our horses’ feet Hew in their faces. “Mr. King left Matanzas on the same day for the estate of Mr. Chartrain, in the partidio of Limonar, about eighteen miles from here. His health is very poor, and no one accustomed to see patients with pulmonary disease in this climate, but knows he cannot survive long. He may live for months in this mild climate, but he can never be better. The old statesman views his coming fate with calmness, as one who has fought the good fight, an I will lay hold of eternal lite.” Ex-Phi sident Fillmore’s Southern Tour. —We learn from the National Intelligencer that Mrs. Fillmore continues seriously ill, and her physicians give little hope that she will be able to travel before the first of April, even if then. Should she be unable to set out by that time, the season will be so far advanced that Mr. Fillmore will be {obliged to relinquish his contemplated Southern tour, in part at least, if not altogether. The magnificent projector spanning the St. Lawrence river by a tubular bridge, similar to that erected over the Menai Straits, by Stephen son,is likely to be one of the triumphs of modern science and mechanics. The following particu lars in relation to the proposed bridge, are fur nished by a Canadian paper : “The bridge, it is calculated, will cost £1,250,- 000; its greatest span, over the deep channel of the river, is to be 360 feet in length, and the carriage-way will be 100 feet above high water level. As the far-famed Britannia bridge, over the Menai Straits, consisting of four spans—two I in the center being 460 feet each in length, and ■ those next the shores, 230 feet each—its car -1 riage-way being 102 feet above the high water line, only cost £601,865. we take it for granted the much increased estimated cost of the pro posed bridge across the St. Lawrence is attribu table to the great expense of constructing over the land and shallow water, the approaches to what may bo called the bridge proper. j “It will be observed that the Britannia bridge from land to land, is only 1380 feet in length— or little over a quarter of a mile—while the St. Lawrence opposite Montreal is nowhere less than two miles, from shore to shore.” The Burning Coal Mountain.—That por tion of the Broad Mountain, called the “ Fiery j Mountain,” from the fact of the Anthracite coal ; at that point being on fire—which has been | burning lor the past fifteen years, is situated I about five miles from Minersville, and fifteen j from Schuylkill Haven, Pa. It is now consid i ered a very dangerous experiment to travel ! over the mountain, as it is supposed that in [ many places the surface is a mere superficial , crust, or shell, the coal having been consumed | up to the surface, and hence the least j ressure thereon, it is presumed, might break through and let the adventurer down into the fiery chasm below. At the base of the mountain in one place, a stream of water almost boiling hot, comes out. The surface of the mountain pre sents a desolate appearance, as far as the eye can reach. Southern Agricultural Convention.—At a meeting of the Central Agricultural Society, held in this State in October last, it was resolved to hold an Agricultural Convention of the farm ers and planters of the Southern States, and Montgomery, Alabama, was the place designa ted, and the month of May the time selected for holding the same. At the late meeeting of the Maryland State Agricultural Society, Messrs. Char es B. Calvert, President, John Merryman, Jr., Vice President for Baltimore county, and C. P. Holcomb, Vice President for Delaware, were appointed a delegation to represent the State of Maryland in the Convention. Receipts of Australian Gold.—The New York Commercial publishes an extract from a letter dated London, March 4, in which it is es timated that there will be received from Austra lia, in all this year, twenty millions of pounds sterling, and the writer’s belief is that money will be cheaper in England, during 1853, than ever known. There is every prospect of a good export trade as the year advances. North Carolina Cofi'er Ore.—lt is said the copper mine recently opened in Guilford county, N. C., becomes richer the farther it is worked down, and that between the different tunnels or slopes cut in the vein there is now ascertained to be copper ore sufficient to bring in market one million of dollars. It will be re membered that 100 tons of the ore from this mine were lately sold in New York at SIBO per ton. In the New Brunswick Legislature a report has been presented on the subject of the fisheries and also the reciprocal trade with the United States. Much excitement prevails in the As sembly on the fishery question. The government Assembly of Nova Scoti a have decided up a plan of railway to extend 320 miles, with a capital of one million seven hun dred and fifty pounds. The company to be or ganized within four months. Navy Uniform.—The Washington correspon dent of the Southern Democrat says, it is be lieved that Secretary Dobbin will countermand the order of his predecessor, issued about the 2d inst., entirely changing the uniform of various classes of officers in the United States Navy. President of Mexico.—Of the twenty-three States of Mexico, sixteen have declared for Santa Anna. The Government in the mean time remains in the hands of Gen. Lombardini who is prepared to surrender it into the hands of the President-elect, whenever he presents himself. The information that Santa Anna was about to return to Mexico was received at Vera Cruz with salvos of artillery, beating of drums and ringing of ehurch bells. Gen. Arista re mains on his farm, still suffering under severe indisposition. It appears that the permission he applied for to leave the country has been re fused. Days of Grace. —A bill has passed the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, by which notes, bills, drafts, &c., falling due on Sunday or holidays, instead of being paid the day preceding the day of their maturity, may remain unprotes ted until the succeeding legal day. Annexation. —According to the Pittsburg Dispatch, a public meeting has been called at Wellsburg, for the purpose of discussing the feas ibility ol annexing “ the pan handle” portion of Virginia to the State of Pennsylvania. This is no doubt caused by the popular excitement in that region on account of the refusal of the right of way to the Steubenville Railroad. The Charlestown Convent. —A committee of the Massachusetts Legislature has reported in favor of indemnifying the losers by the destruct ion of the Ursuline Convent, which was des troyed by a mob in 1834. They also reported a bill providing for the appointment oi a board ol Commissioners to hear all claims and award to each claimant the actual loss inclined. Odd Fiii.lows’ Collegiate Institute. —We learn from the Abington Virginian thatthe In dependent Order of Odd Fellows contemplate establishing a female collegiate institute at that place. It is proposed to erect a building upon the scale to accomodate from three hundred to five hundred pupils. The Seasons. The Spring, thus far, (says the Milledgeville Recorder,) has been unusually unfavorable to the planting interest throughout this State, and pro bably the entire South. Heavy and frequent tains have greatly washed and otherwise in jured the freshly ploughed fields, whilst the low lands have been repeatedly entirely submerged. What effect this superabundance of rain,with an occasional freeze, may have upon the growing crops of small-grain, we are not able to deter mine. But it may be well for the Agricultural ist to consider, at least, the propriety of appropri ating a liberal share of bis soil to the provision crop. An excess of rain is usually followed by a drought—a dry summer often succeeds a wet winter and spring. We trust our farmers will bear these facts in mind, and plough deeply and largely for a corn crop. It will do nobody any harm to have a super-abundance of provisions even though it slightly diminishes in the aggre gate the cotton receipts. An excess of the great staple may be deplored—an excess of bread and meat never. Rains.—The Marietta Advocate says: “ The recent excessive and continued rains in this sec tion, have delayed the farmers’ preparations for planting, so much as to injure seriously the pros pects for the next crops. In the limestone coun ties the roads are so miry as to be in some cases next to impassable. In this respect our com paratively poor and sandy soil possesses an ad vantage over the richer lands of neighbor ing counties. The Oglethorpe Democrat still comes to us on a half sheet, the small pox having frightened off nearly every printer from that office. There have been two deaths in Oglethorps for the week ending the 23d inst. The Democrat says —■“ All the other cases in Herringville are now convalescent, and as we stated la -t week, we apprehend no danger from that quaiter. On VSSter ay, however, a case “ broke out” in the extreme eastern part of trie My proper. What ■ will be the extent of it- prevalence, we can ot of course now determine. The city authorities are active and v’gilant in quarantining every cas", appointing proper guards, and adopting such measures as in their judgment are best adapted to arrest the spread of the contagion.” j The Montgomery Advertiser of the 20th inst. says : “We have had no paper and but one let- I ter mail from Mobile in some eight days. The waters have been very high—higher than for years—bridges have been washed away, and the roads rendered almost impassable We have i now, however, fine, dry weather, and everything will be put to rights in a few days, we hope. The Jacksonville, Fla , Repulican says that ’ a difficully occurred in Columbia county, Fla , > about a fortnight ago, which resulted in some ' respects seriously and fatally. It is related that i Mr. John S. Goodbread and A. S. Goodbread ; had a dispute with Mr. Henry Pratt, about the latter setting a fence on fire and entering the ' land of one of the Goodbreads. Shots were ex- , changed between A. S. Goodbread and Henry j Pratt, and a second shot fired by the former en tered among a crowd of negroes and children, [ killing a negro woman and wounding one of ■ Pratt’s children. I Suits on Fire.—A despatch to Mr. Walter , R. Jones, ofthe Atlantic Insurance Company, of New York, from New Orleans, announces the burning of the ship Alcona, bound fo' New York, with 800 bales of cotton and 500 sacks of corn. The barque Nicholas Heinrich, Cajit. Maaik, I at New York, from London, saw on the 24th ult., a large ship on fire, supposed to be an Amer can, in lat. 22.22 N., ton. 40.25 West. She was copper bottomed, gilt head and stem, mast . and bowsprit burnt out, and the ship still on lire. Capt. M. remained in sight for a consid ‘ erable time, near enough to see five or six letters on the stern, but could not make them out. Saw no boat or trace of anything but the burning ship. Supplies of Water.—The cities of Hartford, New Haven and Bridgeport, are all moving to I obtain a supply of “pure and wholesome water.” The N. Haven project is estimated to cost $325, 000.' I Father Gavazzi, the Italian orator, made a speech on religious matters, in the Tabernacle I in N. York, on Wednesday evening, to a crowd ed house. Some of the papers allege that his re- , marks were very imtemperate and calculated to I create discord. i Plenty of Ice.—There is no fear that ice ! will not be plenty in the vicinity of Boston, > next season. It is estimated that within an area ■ often miles of Boston, there are not less than '■ half a million tons of the article, of superb quali" ty. Postmaster Brady, of New York, gave a snmp- J tuous entertainment to his clerks on Wednes day eveving. The clerks presented him with a I beautiful and costly service of silver plate. Prince Camcrata, grandson of Eliza Bonaparte, r the eldest sister of Napoleon the first, recently ! committed suicide in Paris, because a young ac tress refused to marry him. He was Master of , I Requests, of the Council of State. I A Profitable Windfall.—The underwri . | ters of the bark Lincoln, which was picked up I at sea on her voyage from New Orleans, by the crew of the schooner Bloomer, of Gloucester, and towed into Boston, have agreed to pay the own i ers and crew of the schonner the sum of $20,000. This will give the crew about $1,250 each. Decline in the Vai.kue of Gold.—Thomas ’ de Qtiincey has written an article for Hogg’s In structor, which is copied in No. 462 of Litell’s 1 Living Age, arguing that the utter depreciation of gold is near at hand and inevitable, unless the solitary hope be realized that the gold quarries [ may soon be exhausted. I Ohio Common Schools.—From the report of i the Ohio Secretary of State, on the condition of the common schools lor the past year, we learn that the whole number of youth in the State is 838,669. The entire number of pupils enrolled, male and female, is 437 41'2. The average dai- ■ ly attendance during the year has been but 266,. I 267. Vegetables for the London Market.— T r.e London correspondent of the National In telligncer, in his last letter says: The extent ofthe gardens round Lon on, re quired to supply the two millions and a quarter of eaters there, will be hardly credited. Within a radius of fifteen miles of London there are two hundred thousand acres of la ■d in the hands of market gardeners, all laboring for the London market. Ten thousand loads of turnips, 100,000 sac l :s of peas, 20.000,000 heads of celery, 40,- 000,000 cabbages, and 1,000 tons of water cres ses, are said to be sold annually in Convent Gar den market alone, to say nothing ofthe potatoes, carrots, beets, onions, herbs of all kinds, &c., ■ which are sold in immense quantities. A PnoMisr.NG Young Man.—The Rome Courier says: “ We are credibly informed, that Mr. William Ashby, of this county, produced 10 bales of cotton and 10 barrels of corn, by his in dividual labor during the past year. Il all our young men were made of the same materia there would be an end of Loaferism. A Washington letter to the Tribune tells a good tale on the New York office seekers, by stating that they are put to their trumps by be ing compelled to answer the inquiry as to who they voted for in 1848 for President. None have been found yet who voted for Van Buren and it is not likely that any will be. It is un derstood that even Prince John, if put on the stand, will testify that he voted for Cass. Rev. Dr. Geo. F. Pierce has accepted the invi tation to deliver the next Annual Address at the Fair of the Southern Central Agricultural Asso ciation, at Augusta, next fall. The Arctic Traveler.—The celebrated Dr. Rea, has arrived at Liverpool, to make prepara tions for his overland expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, and to finish the survey of the northern coast of America. Dr. Rea was to leave early in March for the northern regions, via New York. American Belles at a Premium in Paris.— It is rumored that Madame R , ot Paris, late Miss L., of New York, is appointed one ofthe dames tfhonneur to the Empress ; and that Mrs. R., formerly Miss C.,ot New Y’ork city, has re ' ceivcd a similar appointment. Residences of Distinguished Officers. — The National Intelligencer states that the Sec retary of State, of War, and the Postmaster General either have already made, or certainly intend making their residence in Georgetown. The Hon. R. Toombs has leased the large and beautiful mansion and grounds on the heights, the residence of the late Col. Carter. For healthiness and picturesque beauty, the heights of) Georgetown have few equals any where, and superior no where. A Month’s Immigration.—l2,2Bo emigrants arrive, l nt New York during the month of Feb., from foreign ports. I [communicated.] To the Editor of the Constitutionalist: Yonr paper of the 19th contains an Editorial on “the next Governor,” on which I desire to offer some comments. To the general tone and spirit of the aTticle lean give my full ap probation. So far as you urge a hearty union of all who are Democrats in sentiment, in support ofthe truly Democratic, National, and union loving administration, which I confidently look forward to under President Pierce, I sympa thise with you, and would cheer you on in the good work. Nor shall I stop toquarrel with you for your implied exclusion from your good gra ces of those who, last fall, supported what you think proper to call “the Tugalo Ticket.” As one of those who advocated that ticket I have no apologies to make nor recantation to offer. I considered the ticket called “Demo cratic” to have been put in the field irregularly, and improperly, and to have been nominated at the time, and under the circumstances that it was, for the express purpose of offending the Union Democrats, and kept up as a standing in sult and degradation to them. Such being my views, although I had no concern whatever in getting up the “Tugalo Ticket,” and, if I had been consulted, would have advised against it, as exposing us to certain defeat, and as placing us in a false position in the eyes of Democrats in other States who did know the facts, yet when it was brought out, and the race had to be run,! had no difficulty in choosing my position. At the same time I never blamed those Uni rn Democrat#, who, taking a different view of the question of feeling which was involved, deter mined on a different course. I should not have deemed the position ot a single individual in private lifelike myaelf, wor thy of so many words, were it not, that I be lieve what I have said expresses the feelings of many, if not most, of those Union Democrats whom you nick-naipe Tugalo’#. We acted then on oui feeling# perhaps more'than on our judg ment, but we ask for no sympathy or forgive-’ ness. We now support in good faith the ad ministration of General Pierce, and shall co-op erate with all who do likewise; nor shall we stop to enquire whether we are regarded by other gentlemen of the party with cordiality or otherwise. But my object in writing i« not to discuss these matters, but to disabuse your mind, and those of your readers, as to the position of Gov. Cobb in that matter. Your article gives me the opportunity of doing Gov. Cobb, what his mag nanimity has prevented his doing for himself. I write without his knowledge, and possibly what he would not permit if be knew it. But it is due to truth and justice that his position should be known. The writer of this, professes to be as well informed as any other man, as to the opinions, sentiments, and views of Gov. Cobb, and I affirm that which I know, when I say, that the ticket which was put up after the Atlanta meeting was brought out against hit wishes and ad vies, and against his earnest iff oris to ■ prevent it. \ I itnoiothat he wrote urgent letters to Judge James Jackson, at Carnesville, where Gen. Wofford was during Court, pressing upon him to see Gen. Wofford, and endeavor by every argn i ment, to induce him to decline running on that ticket, and to accept the place on the regular ticket, which be was then advised would be ten dered to him. So far from bi# “sympathy and secret effort#,” being for the “Tugalo Ticket” he disapproved of the movement from first to last, i and his friends knew it. I It is true that Gov- Cobb was in favor at, At- I lanta of a different course from the one pursued. I From the day when the Union Electoral Ticket ! was nominated at Milledgeville, he had labored to bring about a compromise of the Ticket on ! terms which would secure cordiality, and har i mony. among all the friend# of Pierce and King The Atlanta meeting was called at his sug gestion, and for the purpose of promoting that object. Before it assembled it bad become obvi ous that our proposals of compromise would not be responded to. Gov. Cobb proposed in that i case to nominate a ticket composed of those gen : tiemen of the other ticket, who had evinced a ! willingness to arrange the matter, and to fill up , the other places with the name# of Union Dem j ocrats, and call on the whole Democracy of the State to rebuke by their vote# the spirit of pro scription and persecution, which bad been manifested by some of our Southern Rights brethren. This was his whole course in the matter. The Atlanta meeting decided different ly, and hi rhelr decision W<»v. Uobb acquiesced, and gave, as I before said, no encouragement whatever to those who did not. Is it asked why he did not publicly announce that disapprobation ? It would have been poli cy in him to do so, but the noble and generous heart of Howell Cobb shrunk from striking a blow that would wound his friends, even though he thought them in the wrong. The list of names advocating the movement included many who were his best and nearest friends. They had stood by him through storm and sunshine, and though his sense of duty prevented his aid ing them, he was not the man to lift his hand against them. He has patiently borne all the vituperation and obloquy which has been heap ed upon him on that account, and still bears it. The time has come—now when the election i s over —now when the new Administration is fully formed, and tlse suspicion of seeking Cabi net offices can no longer be aroused in the minds of the most uncharitable, that his friends owe it to him to make his true position known. Gov. Cobb now stands prepared to sustain the great Democratic party to which he has always belonged, and to fight, as a private in the ranks, for the imperishable principles of Jefferson, Jackson ami Polk, and which he hopes and believes will derive additional strength and lustre f-fom the Administration of Franklin Pierce. Respectfully, Wm. H. Hull. Baltimore and the Southern Trade. A meeting of the merchants and business men of Baltimore, was to be held in that city Monday evening last, “to take necessary steps for obtain ing reliable information and data in regard to the feasibility of steamers to Savannah, New Orleans and the Gulf.” The Cotton Plant, clo ses a long article on the subject of the Southern trade, with the following remarks : Let the steamers between Baltimore and Sa vannah and also Mobile be determined on.— There should be a meeting of merchants at once to take this thing into consideration, to examine the ground, to open a correspondence with Mo bile and Savannah, and see what can be done. It will do no harm and will show the people of Georgia, East Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama that Baltimore is in earnest. Let the merchants meet, and after getting reliable information, and seeing how the land lies, go to work and do what they can. For that purpo«e we call atten tion to a meeting of merchants to be held in the Southern and Western Reading Room on Mon day evening at 9 o’clock P. M. Several large houses will be present. Something is going to be done if it is ever so small. The Savannah News says: “Such a move ment is worth a dozen commercial conventions. If Baltimore has inducements to offer for our trade, and would share it with New York and Philadelphia, she mutt meet her northern rivals here with equal facilities of communication. Our Baltimore friends are on the right track now, and we hope they will take “ no steps backward.” The Cincinnati Sun says that Lola Montez Countess of Landsfeldt, on the 17th, severely beat one John Jones, who was acting as a trav elling agent for her. She is described as having sprung on the unfortunate Jones with the com bined fury of several wild eat#, and thatappend age joined to “ her little arm,” usually styled in plain English, a fist, struck the defenceless gen tleman a blow somewhere in the vicinity of the upper story, so heavy that he was pitched several feet. Tht Army and Navy.—lt is stated that the annual cost ol the army and navy of the United States per head for the population, is 67 cents. The expenses of the same establishments to Great Britain and Ireland per head is $2 56 ; to France, $2 10 ; to Germany, $2 28. The King ol Sweden, in consideration of the great scientific practical value of Lieut. Maury’s labors, has ordered that the Swedish navy co operate with this officer, by making observations according to the form prescribed for his “Wind nnd Current” chart. Important Decision.—W. C. Clarke, Judge of Probate for Hillsboro’ county, N. H., has re cently decided that the investment of a ward’s funds in a new railroad enterprise, is not the ex ercise of sound discretion, and that the guardian is liable for the money and interest. Coin in Banks,—According to reports recent ly published, the Banks of the Union and the Sub-Treasury have in their vaults about seventy five millions of dollars in coin. It is suggested that nine-tenths of this sum might, as well be for all practical purposes, held in gold ingots or bars, ami the coin distributed in exchange there- I tor.