Georgia Historic Newspapers

    fotrldp (fagifflc cGnistihitiimalfat anb ilcy u b lit
BY JAMES GARDNER, JR
OFFICE ON McINTOSH-STREET
YIMRD DOOR FROM TIIK KORTH-WRBT CORNKR OF BROAD
BTRIIT.
• Me* of LAND by Executors, Administrators or Guar
dians. ate required, by law. to be held on the first
Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in
the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the Court
House in which the property is situate. Notice of
those sales must be given in a publfo Gazette. SIXTY
DAYS previous to the day of sale.
Sales of NEGROES must bo at Public Auction, on the
first Tuesday of the month, between the usual hours
of sale, at the place of public sales in the county
where the Letters Testamentary, or Administration,
or Guardianship, may have been granted, first giving
SIXTY DAY’S notice thereof, in one of the public
Gazettes of this Slate, and at the door of the Court
House where such sales are to be held.
Notice for the sales of Personal Property must be given,
in like manner. FORTY HAYS previous to day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditor* of an Estate, must
be published for FORTY DAYS.
Notice that application will be made to the Court of
Ordinary for leave to sell LAND, must be published
for TWO MONTHS
Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published
TWO MONTHS, before any order absolute can be
given bv the Court.
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
One square. 12 lines. 75 cents the first insertion. and 50
cents afterward*.
LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
Sheriff’s Levies. 30 days. |>2 50 per levy : 60 days. $5.
Executor's. Administrator’* and Guardian’*Sales, Real
Estate, (per square !2 l ines.) $4 75
Do. do. Personal Estate 3 25
Citation for Letters of Administration • T 5
Do. do. Dismission 4 50
Notice to Debtorsand Creditors 3 25
Two Months’ Notices 4 00
Rule* Nisi, (monthly) $1 per square, each insertion
, /“Obituary Notices over six line*, will be charged
at the same rates a* advertisements.
LEGAL NOTICES
Notice of the sale of Land and Negroes by Ad
ministrator*. Executors or Guardians, must be publish
ed FOKTY DAYS previous to the day of sale.
Notice to Debtor* and Creditors of an estate
must be published FORTY DAYS
Notice that application will be made to the
Court oS Ordinary for leave to sell Land er Negroes,
must be published TWO MONTHS, weekly.
Notice of application for Letters of Administra
te t»n. must be published THIRTY DAYS: and Let
ters of Dismission of Executor* or Administrators. SIX
MONTHS —Dismission of Guardian*. FORTY DAYS.
... '.rjtt.*
tors, at the discretion of the Ordinary, upon not less
than TEN DAY'S notice Sales by regular Administra
tors. as under the old law. FORTY DAYS. ,
17“ ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, ahi at ocr
tISK.
AUGUSTA,
SATURDAY MORNING, APRIL 23.
Abbeville Banner—Change of Editors.
The last number bi this well conducted jour
nal contains the announcement that Mr. Allen 1
has retired from the editorship, and his place is (
now occupied by Col. F. W. Sellick. Col.
Sellick is well known as a gallant soldier i
who won high distinction in Mexico. He is 1
also an intelligent and high-toned gentleman, (
and we are gratified that in his person the .
editorial corps has so agreeable an accession |
to its ranks. For gentlemanly bearing, and in- ;
tellectnal merit and cultivation, the editorial ,
corps of South Carolina stands deservedly con- ,
spicuoos. Col. Sellick is capable of winning i
a high position in its ranks.
t'ne New-York Tribune says that whilst ex- i
penments looking to the extensive substitution |
of Flax or Hemp for Cotton in the production of
Fabrics are extensively in progress, an effort is
now making in New-York to demonstrate the
superiority of cotton as the staple of a fabric
hitherto exclusively manufactured from Hemp
of Flax—namely Cordage. “ The American
Cordage Company," working a Yankee patent,
at Nos. 520 and 522 Water-st., is now making
some two tons per day of Cotton Cordage, main
ly intended for tow-lines, bow-lines, &c., ofca- I
nal boats, ot varioue sizes from one inch to six j
inches in circumference.
It is no cheaper than Hempen Cordage, being
sold for s xteen cents per pound, while Hem
pen cost twelve, which is just about equal to the
other—the cotton rope weighing one-fourth less
per yard—but its manufacturers assert that it is
more pliable and every way serviceable, and
that one cotton tow-line will outlast three or four
of the Manilla staple. The managers evince
great confidence in the success of their enter
prise, and intend to double and treble their daily
product so fast as they can procure the requisite
machinery. They have orders a good way ahead,
and the daily consumption of Cordage in the
inland navigation only’ of our country is stated ■
by them at thirty-five tons !
In this establishment, bales of cotton from ;
Southern vessel are hoisted to the upper I
story of the building and come out bales of Cord
age on the ground floor. The process of carding . j
is entirely dispensed with—the cotton passing '
directly from the picker to the machine on j '
which it is converted into roving, thence spun
into yarn, and so twisted into cordage. As raw
cotton now costs 11 a 12 cents per pound, and J
something must be deducted for dirt and waste,
■this Company must make rope very rapidly if ,
they are to sell it for sixteen cents per pound and
make dividends.
The New York United States Economist, has >
received a very remarkable specimen of Cotton, I
destined for the World's Fair. It was procured
by one of the most enterprising and intelligent
merchants of Texas, from the “ Pino” Indians.
It is of a texture and strength of fibre superior
to any ever offered in New York. To the touch
it has the feeling of silk, being destitute of the
harsh feeling incident to Cotton. It is of a long ■
staple, and of a beautiful clear white color. The I
Economist understands that the enterprising
discoverer has procured a quantity of the seed,
and will enter extensively into the culture. It
has been found under circumstances which lead '
to the hope that the degeneration of the quality
usual upon these fine qualities will not be en- j
countered in this case.
The New-Yor < Herald says that "on : Change :
on Thursday a party well posted in California
affairs stated his belief that much trouble was
likely to prevail in that State in the settlement
of land claims. It appeared that the quantity
of land claimed under Spanish titles, reached the
enormous amount of 2,603 3-sths Spanish ■
leagues, equal to 11,299,624 sacres. This vast
body of land was claimed by only 812 individu
als. 540 of whom were for large, and 272 for I
small tracts. If divided equally between the I
812 claimants, it would give 15,159 acres to
each. There had been many difficulties in ad- ;
justing Spanish land titles in Florida, but those
likely to arise in California would far exceed '
them. Many fraudulent Spanish claims, forged
deeds, &c., were trumped up in the former in- !
stance, and were actually confirmed by the com- i
missioned. As California lands were vastly
more important than those of Florida, and the
country not less corrupt, than it was then, the
grandest attempts at pushing through unjust
claims would be made, and the land commission
ers ought to possess stronger nerves of honesty
than belonged to Aristides, to succeed in resist
ing the assaults which would be made by specu
lators upon tbeir sense of justice.
Dr. Ka-.e has returned to New York from his [
visit to Washington, where he proceeded to ob
tain bls instructions from the Navy Department.
Mr. Dobi?in,and all the members of the Cabinet,
it in aid, Utce gren interesrlu ll>« ■ f
but were unable to give him any important
material aid, in consequence of Congress hav
ing restricted them in all such matters. He will, j
however, sail about the 15th of May in the brig
Advance, furnished by Mr. Grinrwll.
Several members of the Grinnell Expedition
have volunteered their services in this second ■
American effort. Dr. Kane has selected from
among them Mr. Henry Brooks, who was sec
ond officer of the an attached person- ,
al servant of the Doctor’s who has accompanied ■.
him in many of b‘» travels. The whole band
will not exceed thirty persons,including some Es
quimaux, who are to join the party. Sir Edward
Parry, the Rosses, and other well known Arc
tic authorities.have, by order of the British Admi
ralty. written suggestive letters affording valua
ble practical information relating to sledge travel.
The letters were accompanied by presents of j
field compasses and India-rubber clothing and
sledges, valuable to the party. The vessels are ,
provisioned for three years. The provisions
consist of meat, biscuit, condensed milk, domes
ticated vegetables. The little brig (the Advance)
which is to convey the gallant party to their
scene of operations, has been magnificently fit
ted out by Mr. Grinnell. The sledges, in addi
tion to their scanty cargo of food, will carry an
India rubber boat, spread upon basket or wicker
■work—a valuable suggestion by Mr.’ Bennett,
agent of the Staunton Life-Boats. Dogs will be
used freely to carry .out depots of food for the lit
tle party.
The New York Herald says that Foreign mis
sions possess no attractions in the eyes of Col.
Benton. He is determined to serve his term of
<two years in the House of Representatives.
Atmospheric Tologp-aph.
The Boston Daily Advertiser ofSaturday has
the following notice of this new invention, by
which it is claimed letters and parcels can be
transported considerable distances with almost
incredible velocity, rendering it practically near
ly equal in speed to the Magnetic Telegraph,
over which it is obvious it has Many advantages
in other respects. The apparatus is in o|ieration
in the Boston Merchants' Exchange:
It consists of a tube connecting the places be
tween which communication is to be maintain
ed, in which a sort of piston called “the plun
ger" is fitted, with a loose leather packing.
The matter to be sent is enclosed in a bag at
tached behind this plunger. Its propulsion is
secured by the pressure of the atmosphere of or
dinary density behind it, that in f ront being rati
fied by means of an air pump, producing a par
tial vacuum. This propelling power is so great
as to produce an apparently mista ntaneous mo
tion ot the plunger with its load from one end to
the other of the model tube on exhibition, which
is about 30 feet long and li inches in diameter ;
indeed the plunger issues forth with so much
force when not confined, as to knock down vio
lently a heavy billet of wood placed opposite the
end of the tube, if it is left open. The speed is
estimated at about one thousand miles in an
hour.
The apparatus is so a'ranged that there can be
intermediate stations upon the line, at which the
progress of the “ plunger” can be arrested, or if
preferred, it can pass directly through to the
terminus,
T: e mechanical difficulties to the plan which
readily suggest themselves have been ingenious
ly and apparently effectually obviated by Mr.
Richardson. The inconvenience of the sudden
shock occasioned by the arrival of the “ plunger”
at the end of its journey is avoided by an ar
rangement by which a portion ot the air in tront
of it is compressed and allowed to escape but
grsduaUv-lauaiaUJksort of cushion to ease the
jolt. Ti e retarding effector tne friction caused
by the motion of the large column of air which
necessarily follows the plunger in. the tube is
prevented by the occasional recurrence ot valves
in the tube connecting with the atmoshere to be
opened by the plunger as it passes. The fric
tion of the plunger itself is reduced to a very low
point by the manner in which its packing is con
structed.
We are inform that the apparatus has met
with the approval of several gentlemen compe
tent to form a sound opinion, who have examin
ed it.
The patent right for the machine is owned by
the Atmospheric Telegraph Company of which
Mr. Richardson is Agent. It is proposed to open
on Tuesday next in this city the subscription
books of a company under the name of the
" New York and Boston Atmospheric Despatch
Company” to construct a line between this city
and New York. The tube of this line, it is pro
posed, shall be two feet in diameter. The cost
of laying it down is estimated at 82000 per mile.
There will be supply valves as often as once in
twenty-five miles, and intermediate stations at
suitacle points, for instance at Worcester. Spring
field, &c. There will be air pumps at all the
stations. Hourly mails may be made up and
despatched, a part of them at fixed hours stop
ping at all the stationsand the othe’s proceeding
throughout direct It is expected that letters
and parcels from N. York would be delivered in
Boston in less than half an hour. A company
able to carry mail matter at this rate of speed
would be powerful competitors as contractors for
performing the mail service. If a sufficient
amount of matter is presented, it is claimed that
the actual cost of transportation is not more than
half that of any other method, while it is twen
ty times as fast. The line need not be straight
but can be curved so as to follow the face of the
ground, or underlie the channels of rivers.
Ic will be observed that this invention bears
some resemblance to the “ Atmospheric Rail
way” so much talked of at one time, but that it
avoids the objectionable features of that scheme,
as the tube is closed throughout It is worthy
the attention of business men. We are inform
that Mr. Richardson has had in successful ope
ration a line of 3 inch tube in a mile length.
Authorised Gold Bars.—We were shown
yesterday (says the Baltimore American) by the
agent of Messrs. Adams & Co.’s Express, two
bars of gold, stamped, valued and certified by the
U. S. Mint, as required by law. The bars are
of different sizes, and the certificate glued on
each corresponds with the numbei and stamp on
the bar, and specifies both the gross value of the
bar and its value in coin after deducting a half
of one per cent, for coinage. In the case of one
of the bars shiwn to us by Messrs. Adams &
Co., its gross value is 84,504, and its value as coin
84,482, being a difference of 822.
The manufacture of Medium Tables in aid of
the Spirit Rappings has become a profitable
branth ofbusiness. The New York Journal of
Commerce thus describes their construction:—
“The table is like an ordinary <nK, with . <fop
formed of a thick board ; but concealed within a
cavity, in the latter, is a small apparatus with a
kind of hammer, for producing the “ raps.” The
hammer is so constructed with a wire running
down through the table leg, that the latter has
only to be i» contact with a nail head, or some
thing of the kind, in the floor, to enable the op-
I erator to produce the raps by means of galvan
ism.”
Excelsior Pioneer Association.—A com
pany of young married men in the city of New
York, have associated themselves under the
above title, for the purpose of forming a colony
on the banks of Lake Minnetouka, in Minneso
ta, nine miles from the Falls of St. Anthony,and
twelve from St. Paul’s. The climate ofthis lo
; cality is described as very healthy, the soil fer
tile, and the scenery exceedingly beautiful. Lake
I Minnetouka was discovered about a year since,
and the lands have been vacated by the late
' Treaty with the Sioux Indians.
One hundred members are required, and it is
. intended to start in June, the members of the
Association designing to“ squat” until the lands
are surveyed, and then each to secure for him
self a farm of 160 acres, and a village lot of not
less than one acre. The location chosen has a
frontage on the Lake, which is navigable for
I forty miles.
It is stated that a lady of Northampton. Mass.,
a lady, too, of beauty, loveliness and intelligence,
the mother of six children.the youngest of which
is an in fant, has become a raving man iac through
the influence upon her mind of the spiritual
, manifestations. She was conveyed to the Brat
tleboro’ insane hospital on Wednesday, in such
a state of excitement that it took two attend
ants to hold her.
The Cotton Circular of Mr. Stewart, of New
; York, sent to Liverpool on Saturday in the
j steamship Atlantic, states, in reference to crop
estimates, that the interest in the probable de
-1 livery of this crop has been waning for the past
three months: the fact that it would exceed
3,100,900, and probably fall but little short of
3,300,000 bales being generally conceded. The
tone of public opinion, be says, now lies between
■ 3,230,000 and 3,300,000 bales.
A corps of surveyors has been organised at
Newburg, and another at Syracuse,N. Y., for the
purpose of surveying a railroad route between
' those cities, and they are now progressing to
wards the centre of the line. The line will be
I less than 170 miles long, reducing the distance
from Syracuse e ‘ty fuil and
perhaps sixty mite*’’ ‘Vtie grades, so far as can
be now seen, will present no impediment to
easy and speedy travel either way, and the iso
lated country it is to traverse, and the tunnel
like centre at which it starts towards the great
| market as the country, all combine to character
ize it as the greatest railroad enterprise in con
i tempiatjon in the State. The nucleus of the
I company, in capita), lice., has says the N. Y. Her
ald, already been forrnea, wfo there is every
i probability of the work being pushed lu» wer.d
; with vigor.
Copper Ore.—We weresfiontf (says the Chat
tanooga Advertiser) fine specimens of copper ore
last week, picked up in Monroe county, Rast
Tennessee. We understand that this ore abounds
in large quantities in several counties of East
Tennessee, in many places it has been work
; ed to great profit.
We learn (says the Savannah Republican of
, the 19tb inst.,) that the Railroad from Macon to
Columbus has received a contract for carrying
the U. 8. mails at 8100 per mile. This contract
applies of course to the Southwestern Road as
far as Fort Valley, to its extension thence to
wards Columbus, and to the Muscogee Road.
Cotton Pbk»s in Baltimore.—An enterpris
ing citizen of Baltimore has recently erected a
cotton press in that city, for the purpose of pre
paring cotton for shipment to Europe. This
step was rendered necessary in consequence of
the arrival at Baltimore of cotton by the West
ern Road.
The flags of the Custom House and shipping,
vere d.splayed at Savannah, at half-mast on
the 19th inst., in token of respect for Vice-Presi
dent King,
[From the Charleston Mercury.]
The Cotton Crop—What will it bo ?
Mkssrs. Editors: —Having observed in your
paper an estimate of the Cotton crop ol this
year as likely to be under three millions ol
bales, and believing it to be unfounded, and well
calculated to lead into wild and ruinous specula
tion, the following views are submitted, as af
fording reasonable ground for a nearer approach
to the truth. In any estimate ot the Cotton
crop, precision is unobtainable; so extended is
its culture, so varied and antagonistical are the
sources from which information is to be obtain
ed, that a reference to the experience ol the past,
is necessary to get at such an approximation to
the probable result, as may afford safe ground to
Judge whether present prices are too low, or
whether they may not justly go higher.
The receipts of the present crop to Ist April
are 2,760,000 bales, showing an excess over last
year to same date of 435,000 bales. What will
the total crop be, depends on what are likely to
be the receipts from Ist April to September Ist.
the close of the Cotton year. To arrive at this,
we take the receipts for the last six years, from
Ist April to Ist September, say from the crops
of 1816-17 to 1851-52, and which were as fol
lows :
Receipts from Balos
Sept. 1, 1846, to April 1, 1847, 1,468,597
April 1, 1847, to Sept. 1, 1847, 311,256 21) porot.
Total crop, 1,779,853
Sept. 1, 1847, to April 1, 1848, 1,780,543
April 1, 1848, to Sept. 1, 1848, 558,269 31J per ct.
Total crop. 2,338,812
Sept. 1,1848, to April 1, 1849, 2,189,082
April 1, 1849, to Sept. 1, 1849, 549,978 25 per ct.
2,739,060
Sept. 1, 1849, to April I, 1850, 1,755.247
April 1, 1850, to Sept. 1,1850, 335,171 -0 per ct.
2.090,418
Sept. 1, 1850, to April 1, 1851, 1,889,901
April 1, 1851, to Sept.l, 1851, 453,863 24 por ct.
2,343.764
Sept. 1, 1851, to April 1, 1852, 2,330,937
April 1, 1852, to Sept. 1, 1832, 702,276 30 per ot.
3,033,213
Sept. 1, 1852, to April 1, 1853, 4,755,975
Taking the above receipts from Ist April to
Sept. Ist, of each of the six years, it will give an
average of 450.000 bales, which (on the suppo
sition that they will not be less this year.) being
added to the quantity already received to Ist
April, say 2,760,000, give a probable total crop
of 3.240,000. Referring again to the foregoing
statistics, it will be perceived that the per cent
age of the receipts of the different crops in each
year from Ist of April to Ist Sent, on the receipts
to Ist of April, has never in any one instance
been less than 20 per cent and as high as 30 per
cent, and forming an average of 25 per cent, for
the six years. If the lowest rate, 20 per cent
be a'lowed on the receipts of this year to Ist
April, say on 2.760.000 bales, it will give 552,-
000 bales yet to be received to Ist Sept., and
sum up a tot’l crop of 3,300,000 bales. That
these estimates of the crop are likely to be cor
rectjmavbe inferred from the fact, that through
a range of six crops from 1846 to 1852, of short
crops and large crops, the per centage ot the
receipts from Ist April to Ist Sept, on the pre
vious receipts to Ist April, has in only one in
stance been as low as 20 per cent, and that there
fore they are five to one in iavor of its being
higher.
Another fact to be observed is, that the per
centage of the receipts from Ist April to Ist
Sept, on the previous receipts of the crops to Ist
April, seem invariably to be greater on the lar
ger crops ; thus for the short crops of 1846 and
1849, it is as low as 18 and 16 per cent.—and
on the lar e crops of 1847 and 1851, it is as high
as 24 and 30 per cent. The present crop being
a large one. it is but reasonable to infer that it
would follow the same law,and that the receipts
for the remainder of the year to Ist September. |
cannot be less than 20 per cent, and the crop be |
under 3,300,000 bales. |
It has been said that the great excess of the ■
crop of this year over the last to Ist of April. I
say 435.000 bales, is no indication ot a material j
excess in the total crop, but that it arises from I
greater facilities of transport this year than the
last. The same reasoning, under similar circum
stances, was urged as to the crop of 1848 to 1849.
The receipts to Ist April exceeded those of the
previous year 408,000 bales. From the Ist April
to Ist Sept, they amounted to 550,000 bales,
and ended in a final excess of 400,000 bales. I
showing the fallacy of any such reasoning. The i
total crop is not likely, therefore, to be less than !
from 3.250,000 to 3,300,000 bales.
With these estimates of the total crop,are pres- ;
ent prices legitimate from a comparison of de
mand and supply, or are they too much of a spe
culative character? Great as is the increased
production, still the consumption moves on an
equally gigantic scale—and with this striking
difference in favor of the latter gaining on the
former. that the increase is on whole con
sumption, in every branch, while the increase
in the production is altogether from but one
source, the United States. The demand, there
fore, will go on steadily to enlarge, and increase
the rate of prices. The supply may increase in
an equal ratio, but is precarious, and may this
coming crop fail to such an extent as to run up
prices to an extravagant height ? The crop of
the United States for 1849-’SO, fell short of the
previous crop of 650,000 bales: a striking in
stance how uncertain is the reliance unon the I
supply. The consumption of Europe alone last
year was 3,077,000 bales, an excess over the
previous year ot 459,000 bales. Money is
abundant, manufacturing interests reaping hand
some profits, peace and prosperity prevailing,
what is there to prevent a steady continued in
crease in consumption, and a higher scale of )
prices? ■
The Grinnell Expedition.
We see it stated that the new Arctic Expe- ■
ditionof Dr. Kane is insufficiently provided with j
the means of making the proposed cruise all that I
is desired. This we believe to be a mistake. I
We had the pleasure, yesterday, of visiting and I
examining the vessel in which Dr. Kane goes, '
the brig Advance, in company with Mr. Grin- i
nell, the munificent patron of the undertaking.
We derived no such impression from him. On j
the contrary, we learned that the preparations i
for the expedition were going on rapidly, and
that the vessel was already provided with stores
fortwo-and-a-half years, while it was contem
plated that she would not be absent more than
one winter, or about fifteen or sixteen mo .ths.
Dr. Kane has just returned from Washington,
where he has been endeavoring to cbtain some
aid from the Navy Department in the matter of
seamen.
But while the members of the Administra
tion generally, and JMr. Dobbin in particular,
enter cordially into Dr. Kane’s plans and ob
jects, and manifested the greatest alacrity to do
all in their power to facilitate them, they dis
cover a lack in the action of Congress that pre
vents the department from doing all that is de
sired. Still no real hinderance to the expedi
tion arises from this or any other cause. The
liberal donation of ten thousand dollars from
Mr. Peabody, goes a great way in the aid of the
enterprise, and with what Mr. Grinnell and
other friends are ready to do, there is no danger
of its suffering either from delay or incomplete
ness. The “Advance” has had her cabin ac
commodations enlarged and refitted, and has al
readv a considerable portion of her stores on
boaril, consisting of pemican, meat-biscuit, dried
and ground potato, and other concentrated
preparations of food. The pemican is beef
steaks dried thoroughly in an oven till it is re
duced to a fourth or sixth of its natural weight,
and then imbedded in lard.
The meat-biscuit is made of ordinary flour
mixed with the liquid derived from beef boiled
till all its nutritive qualities are extracted. —
These are articles simple in the preparation, but
admirably suited to the purposes for which they
are designed. It is the expectation now of Dr.
Kane and Mr. Grinnell, that the “ Advance”
will be ready for sea by Ist of May. We have
aTready, on a previous occasion, described pr.
Kanes’ plan of proceedings, and the route he
proposes to take. Among more portable modes
of conveyance that he carries on board, for use
in the Arctic regions, is a basket boat, made of
French willow, and covered with india rubber.
It weighs but sixty-five pounds, and is scarcely
more than ton fleet in length. A trial was made
yesterday of its capacity, and one man trans
ported in it a cargo of nine hundred pounds
weight across the harbor to Brooklyn. We are
not certain that this experiment may not lead
to the building of basket clippers. They could
not up with small expense at short notice,
anefifheij flexibility would enablejthem to bend
over the rolling wayeji Jjkf a sea serpent.— N.
y. Tribune.
Subers’ Thread.—Austrian papers state
that a merchant of Vienna has lately presented
to the Industrial JLlnion of that capital the de
tails of a series of experiments made by him to
manufacture spiders’ thread into woven tissues.
The thread is wound on a reel, and two dozen
spiders produce in six minutes a beautiful and
deijeato thread, two thousand feet in length.
The stuffs manufactured are spoken of as being
far superior to those pf sill: jn beauty and deli
cacy of fabric.— Scientific Jlmerimn.
I'scorupfioni or Editors and Rki-orters.—
A bill has been introduced into the Senate of
New Xork for the protection ol tips class ol suf
ferers, who are often subjected to great peraecii
tion by actions for libel, brought against them
by gentlemen who find more “truth than poet
ry” in the newspapers. The bill is to the fol
lowing effect:
“ No rejiorter, editor, or proprietor of any news
paper shall be liable to any action or persecu
tion, civil or criminal, for a fair and true report
in such newspaper of any judicial, legislative, or
other public official proceedings, of any state
merit, ajieech, argument, or debate in the course
ol tlie same, except upon actual proof of malice
in making such report, which shall in no case
be implied from the fact of the publication.”
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 27, 1853.
|Front the Savannah Georgian. Iftlh ins/.|
Railroad from Griffin, Ga. Io Decatur, Ala.
Considerable interest seems to have lately
grown up in the counties of Spalding, Fayette,
Coweta, and Carroll, in favor of a railroad from
Griffin, Ga., to Decatur, Ala. The proceedings
ol a mooting on the subject, held in Carrol, have
already appeared in our columns. We find in the
Griffin Jeffersonian calls for similar meetings in
Spalding and Fayette.
That the proposed road is an important one
not only to the portions of Georgia and Alabama
■hroiigh which its track will lie, but to the m e
rests of the Central and of the Macon and West
ern Roads, cannot be doubted. Ihe interest ol
Savannah in the enterprise is direct and palpable
From Griffin to Decatur the distance, by a rail
road with not more than the usual variations
from a sight line, is about 175 miles—7o ol
which will probably be in Georgia. Ihe dis
tance from Savannah to Griffin is 249. Add to
this 175, and we have the approximate distance
between Savannah and Decatur —424 miles.
Decatur, as our readers know, is in North Ala
bama, in the very heart of the Tennessee valley
—one of the most productive sections ot the
Union. Its annual yield of cotton is not much
less than a hundred thousand bales —nearly the
« hole of which, it is believed., would reach this
city, over the Griffin and Decatur Railroad.
How much would be contributed by the coun
ties lying between the Tennessee valley and the
Georgia line, we have no meansof estimating-
We believe that nearly or quite the wholeof that
section, was held by tho Indians until 1837. II
so—cut off as it has been from railroad and na
vigation facilities —its resources are probably
not in a forward state of development.
But the freight which the vicinity ol Decatur
and the country through which it is to run,
would furnish this road, is but a very small por
tion of that which must find its way over it.
Decatur is on the Memphis and Charleston road.,
—a road which, we learn from the report oMts
President and Engineer, (received yesterday.)
is proceeding most auspiciously to its comple
tion. Between Memphis and Decatur lie neai
two hundred miles of this road. The amount ol
produce which must come from Memphis, and
the points this side of Memphis, in the States o'
Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama, to Decatur.
on its way to the Atlantic cannot easily be esti
mated. That produce, on reaching Decatur,
must come to Savannah over the Decatur and
Griffin road, as will be seen from the following
figures: From Decatur to Savannah by the
proposed road, we have estimated the distance at
424 miles. From Decatur to Savannah by
Memphis and Charleston road, extended as it is
proposed that it shall be to Chattanooga, the dis
tance is about 560 miles—making the difference
in favor of the direct route to Griffin a large
fraction over 100 miles : a fraction which must
be increased when the comparison is made with
reference to Charleston.
So much (very hurriedly) by wav of introdu
cing this subject to our readers, and in connec
tion with the proceedings of the Carroll meeting,
published some days since. We shall very fre
quently have occasion to refer to it hereafter.
The following letter, which appears in the
Griffin Jeffersonian, we give as an appendage to
what w.e have written :
Decatur, Ala., 26th March, 1853.
William Cline, Esq., Griffin, Ga.,
Dear Sir:—As I have been anxious to open a
correspondence with Georgia on the subject ot
the contemplated Railroad from this point to
Griffin, your name has been suggested to me by
Gen. E. R. Mills, as a gentleman who feels
somewhat interested in carrying out this most
desirable and profitable Road, and feeling assur
ed. that the interests of this point and Griffin are
identical in the project, and both deeply inter
ested, I trust this will be a sufficient excuse for
my troubling you on such a “ slight” acquaint
ance.
My object is to bring this project to a point,
so as to have an organized body of some sort, to
correspond and co-operate at both ends of the
line. Much has yet to be done, and that in an
effective manner, soon. The route ought to be
surveyed certainly this summer. Charters must
be obtained, a delegation by all mears should
attend the great Commercial Convention, to be
held in Memphis, on the Ist Monday in June,
from Alabama and Georgia, especially to attend
to the interests of this road.
We propose here to have a meeting in May.
to appoint delegates, and will our friends of
Georgia second this movement ? Speaking men
ought to be sent from your section, and this
would do much to turn the attention of capital
ists to it. I have no doubt you are well inform
ed upon the subject of the proposed route, and,
indeed, it needs only’ to be pointed out upon the
map to show itself to be the most important link
of contemplated reads in the southern country
and profitable beyond all controversy as an in
vestment.
The road will run through about forty miles of
the public lands in Alabama. It is contempla
ted that Congress will readily grant As lands to
the same extent, as they do to the Mobile and
Ohio Railroad, which at S2A per acre, would
yield about 5400.000. There is a strong proba
bility that Alabama wil], at the next session ol
the Legislatuie, do something for this route, be
cause it opens upon the most direct communica- ,
tic-n from North Alabama so Mol.ifo Bay, a®;*'
public sentiment in the State is very much injf
favor of having a law enacted the same as Ten-’
nessee, granting 88,000 per mile for railroad im
provements.
The Road will run over about 36 miles of the
Selma Railroad in Alabama; thus Alabama will
have to build but 65 or 70 miles only. Morgan
and Marshall counties will stand a tax of 8200,-
000, and although the Road runs through a poor
section of the country for some distance, you per
ceive the project is far from being “ hopeless” as
to capital: but I maintain that if Georgia had
to build every foot of the Road, it would be the
best investment she ever made in Railroads, and
would yield her a golden harvest.
[From the N. O. Picayune, 11 th inst.]
New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Rail
road.
We published, yesterday morning, a very in
teresting report of a meeting of the stockholders
of this company, held on the 11th inst. The
President of the company, James Robb, Esq.,
submitted the first annual reportofthe President
and Directors, together with the report of the
Chief Engineer of the southern division of the
road,both of which documents are to be publish
ed, and will be looked for with much interest.
From the balance sheet of the company’s
books, we learn that on the 31st ult. the dis
bursements and liabilities cd the company
amounted to $254,424 33; its receipts and dues
to 8341.808 58. the cash balance on hand being
$87,384 25. Os the dues SIOO,OOO are bills pay
able, issued for loan, secured by pledge of the
real estate tax for 1853, which, by the act of in
corporation, the company is empowered to make.
The statement of subscription to the capital
stock of the company presents some interesting
particulars. The total capital of this company,
as fixed by their charter just adopted by the
Legislature, is $8,000,000. To this there have
been subscribed by the city of New Orleans, in
its corporate capacity, $2,000,000. and by in
dividuals of the city $617,750, making a total
of $2,617,750 ; which, less $159,225, reduction
under the railroad tax law, leaves the pre
sent aggregate subscription. pubile and private,
of New Orleans at $2,458,525 The amountsub
scribed by contractors is estimated at $200,000.
which, together with the subscription of Mon
roe, Madison, Attala, Hinds and Copiah counties
of Mississippi, and of the Canton and Jackson
Railroad, raises the present total amount sub
scribed to the capital stock of this company to
$3,376,125. If the State subscribes to the full
extent of the constitutional limit, the capital of
the company will be further increased from this
source $1,600,000 which subscription would only
be payable annually in the proportion of one
fifth of the installments paid in.
The total amount of the capital which had
been “ called” at the date of the report, was
$.359,142 50. I addition to this sum there is due
for 1853, exclusive of State aid, $676.874 58, and
inclus veof the estimated State subscription,
$935,878,85. Subsequently tp the present year
the subscriptions already made, and exclusive of
the supposed State aid, fall due as follows: In
1854, $618,625 83; in 1855, $581,692 08; in
1856. $403,123 33 ; in 1857, 8339.333 34; u>
1859. $333,333 31 : and after 1858, $58,000 from,
Madison county, Miss. The subscription by the
State, whatever may be the amount, can only
be paid to the company in the same proportion
as the remainder of the capital shall be actually
paid in by the stockholders.
The above facts exhibit the operations, affairs
and prospects of this company in q mpst encour
aging light. Thp interests of thp companies of
the three projected railroads are not only the
interests ot the stockholders and of New Orleans
and Louisiana, but they are the interests of eve
ry individual resident of the city and State.
Georgia Wine.—Last week on our way from
Sparta to Milledgeville, whilst the stage was
waiting for the Mail at a new Post Office called
Alta Misa, Mrs. Beck, the wife of the post
mastey, sapj: put to the passengers some of
the beat wine "we ever tafete<|. Mr. Beck in
formed us that he had made about 300 gal
lons ol such wine the last year from the
Devereaux Grape. If such wine can be made
from the Devereaux grape, the cultivation of
that grape is worthy of the attention of all
our planters aqd hofticulturists. There is no
necessity for importing wine lyiien it can be
made at home of such a quality as that made
by Mr. Beck. Wherever wine is cheap and
extensively used,a drunkard is scarcely known;
gqod and cheap wine would banish the use ot
alcoholic liqurs frqip tlje country.-lWeraZ Union.,
HOth inst .
Tho Thacher family, in Massachusetts, have
caused to be manufactured in Boston a perfect
lac simile of Blinker Hill Monument in silver,
about fifteen inches in height, tq lie handed
down as an heir-loom in memory qf their an
cestor, Nathaniel Thacher, a direct descendant
<4 m;e of the first Puritan settlers, and a revolu
tionary officer. The proceeds of q lapd-warrant
granted to his heirs furnished the funds.
On (rood Friday the patriarch of the Indies
presented for adoration to the Queen and King
ol Spain, one of the nails that served to Ijx the
Redeemer to the cross, and which is preserved
in a splendid gold relig-case.
[From the N. (J. Picayune, L6lh rns/.J
From Mexico.
The brig American, arrived yesterday from
Vera Cruz, brought $49,000 in silver. By her
we have received files of the Siglo Diez y Nueve
El Instructor del Puebla and Le Trait d’Union’
to the 2d inst., and Vera Cruz papers to the Sth
Iroiri which we translate the following items :
1 lie news ot Gen. Santa Anna’s arrival at
Vera Cruz was received by telegraph on the Ist
in Mexico, and was celebrated by the firing of
cannon, ringing of bells and other demonstrations
of joy. At Vera Cruz he was entertained with
a banquet on the 3d inst., by the municipality,
at which he was toasted and extolled in the
most extravagant manner. Gen. Woll capped
the climax by classing him with Aleibiades and
Cincinnatus. It is a little remarkable that in
ail the speeches reported, where nearly all Santa
Anna's life is lauded, there is not one allusion to
the American war. Santa Anna gave but one
toast, as follows:
Under the shadow' of the Mexican flag may
there one cry : Independence or death.”
The Eco del Comercioof the sth. states thdt
he was to leave next day. The triumphal arch
erected in his honor bore the following inscrip
tion :
“ Liberty, peace and order. Independence,
authority, concord.”
The Mexican papers are already beginning to
construct Cabinets for Santa Anna, and show
almost as much facility in this matter asourown
papers did a short time since. The latest, as
given by the Libertador of Puebla, is as follows:
Don Jose Maria Tomei, Foreign Affairs; Jose
Ramon Pacheco, Justice; Antonio de Haro y
I'amariz, Treasury ; Gen. Lombardini, War.
The Marquis of Rivera, the new Spanish
Minister, arrived at Vera Cruz on the same
steamer with Santa Anna.
Gen. Estaboli had arrived at Vera Cruz as
■ommissioner from the State of Oajaca to wel
come Santa Arma.
• The Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs ad
dressed a note of thanks on the 30th ult., to Se
nores Tornel and Castillo Lanzas, for the tact
and ability they had displayed in arranging the
neutrality treaty with Judge Conkling, and ad
vising them that the same had been ratified by
•the President.
The new plan for the reorganization of the
army is said to be completed.
Mr. Falconnet had been arrested under the
accusation of bribery and malfeasance in remit
ting the fragments received by him from the
treasury for account of the English creditors
The creditors now demand the $60,000 which
he says he paid as bribes. The charge of bribery
is now said to be well founded, but that it was
not deputies that were purchased, but high offi
cials, one of whom is said to have received $32,-
000 for his share. The allusion is evidently to
Gen. Arista. The papers call upon him to come
forward and explain.
Letters from Mazatlan of the 21 st March, con
firm the rumor of a projected invasion of Sonora
by the Count Raousset, who is said to have
raised a body of more than 1,000 men.
Senor Traconis has been named by the Gov
ernment to take command of the troops in Sono
ra to meet him.
The civil war in Oajaca had involved the
State of Chiapas also, and blood has been shed.
The Indians were defeated by some troops from
the latter State.
Advices received in Mexico from H’vre, state
that the keel of one ship for Vanauld's new line
of steamers to Vera Cruz had been laid. A pro
ject is on foot for a Mexican mail steamship line
on the west coast.
Indian Conflicts in California.
The Indians have committed so many depre
dations in the north of late, that the people are
enraged against them, and are ready to knife
them, shoot them, or innoculate them with the
small pox—all of which have been done.
Some time since the Indians in Colusa county
destroyed about $5,000 worth of stock belonging
to Messrs. Thornes and Toombs; since which
time they have had two men employed at
SIOO per month to hunt down and kill the Dig
gers, like other beasts of prey. On Friday, the
25th ultimo, one oi these men, named John
Breckenridge, was alone, armed only with a
bowie knife, when he met with four Indians,
and attacked them They told him to leave,
and commenced shooting arrows at him; but,
undaunted, he continued to advance, and succeed
ed in killing one, and taking one prisoner, while :
the other two escaped. He immediately pro- [
ceeded to Moon’s Ranch,where the captured In
dian was hupg by the citizens.
On Friday, the 25th of February, stock was ;
stolen from Mr. Carter, of Butte county, to the
value of $3,000. Mr. Carter went forthwith to
the camp of the well-known stage proprietors,
Messrs. Hall and Crandall, and thence started
with a party of twelve men in search of the In
dian depredators. After a fruitless search in the
vicinity ofPine and Deer Creeks, the party be
came impatient, and dispersed on Sunday even
ing. Returning home, one detachment of the
party discovered a half breed by the name of
Battedoa, and took him prisoner. The man,
fearing for his own life, agreed to show the cave
where the Indians were concealed, if they would
/release him. Notice was sent .round, and the
J-coplq agjin at Oak<Grovc on Mnn-
Inayjfrom wnich place they started at midnight
lor the cave.
Arriving there at early daylight on Tuesday
morning, rocks were rolled into the cave, and the
wretched inmates rushing out for safety, met
danger a thousand times more dreadful. The
first one that made his appearance was shot by
Capt. Geo. Rose, and the others met the same
fate frofn the rifles of the Americans. Altogeth
er, there were thirteen killed; three chiefs of
different rancherias, and three women. Three
children and five women were spared ; and it is
but doing justice to say that the women who
were killed were placed in front as a breast
work, and killed either by accident or mistake.
Capt. Rose took one child, Mr. Lattimer anoth’
er, and the others were disposed of in the same
charitable manner among the party.—Sacramen
to [Cal] Union.
Outrage on the Ship Harriot.
A correspondent ot the New Y'ork Express
furnishes a copy of the statem p nt of Captain
Otis, of the ship Harriet, of Bath, Me., made
under oath before the United States Consul at
Havana:—
“ On the 6th day of April, A. D. 1853. person,
ally came and appeared, James Otis, master of
the ship Harriet, of Bath, (Maine) and made the
following statement, (which he would have
made on the day said ship was entered in the
Consulate of the United States, but I, the said
master, saw that the Consul was busy investi
gatin'a case against srnne sailors,) to wit: Qn
the 31st of March last, being hbout 30 miles to
the Westward ot tne Double Headed Shot Keys,
early in the morning,! saw a steamer and a her
maphrodite brig about seven or eight miles to
the Northward of me; the steamer was running
a different course; but after a short time she
commenced to steer about the same course I was <
After an hour or an hour and a half. I saw that
she made sail. An hour after that she fired a
shot, which I saw strike in the water right in
'be range of us. I then ordered our colors set, i
but before the colors were up she fired again.
We then took in sail and hove to. 1
“ After the steamer got within a mile of us,
we saw that she had English colors flying. She
then soon came up and hailed us, and asked
where we were from and where bound. I told
them we were from Savannah bound to Hava
na. Some officer on board then said he was ’
going to send a boat on board of us. Soon after
the boat came with two officers in her. I was 1
in my cabin. The mate came in and said the
officers wanted to see me. I went out, and they 1
said they wanted to take a look around the ves- 1
sei. I told them they had taken the liberty to 1
stop me on my way. and I supposed ’hey would 1
do as they had a mind to. I asked if anything ’
new had taken place that they were cruising and '
stopping a vessel on her lawful voyage. They 1
said they were cruising tp see that ihejr 1
treaty was not infringed. After they had
searched the vessel all around the house forward, 1
and looking down tho hatches, they asked me 1
for the ship’s papers ; I allowed them to see them- '
but observed I did not know what right they 1
had to demand them. Afterward one of the qf- 1
fleers went, down between decks, and lastly '
went Uieiv left us. I was detain- '
ed about one hour and a half. James Otis.
The same correspondent furnishes the follow- I
ing relative to the Manchester: '
About the first day of the month, the Ameri- 1
can Consul, Judge Sharkey, received at the 1
hands of a Spanish pilot an order from the cap- ’
tain of the Manchester to, pay the bearer $35 for
pilotage. The order yas unwarranted and un- I
usual, and no attention was paid to it; bnt the 1
master never meant that the pilotage shoqld hp 1
paid, and by ths) hqpds of the samp pilot enciospd 1
the following letter, sealed, to the consul; which 1
represents the affair in a very different light <
from the publication made in the United States. '•
The American captain—not a Yankee this time <
—readily outwitted the Spaniard, as will be >
seen by hisown letter, which is as
Island of Cvsa, March 15, 1853. ‘
fjiu :—Not having the pleasure of knowing *
your name, I take the advantage of addressing 1
you on account of the schooner Manchester,
of and belonging to Baltimore. The case is ’
as follows : On the morning of the Iflth inst., J
through the lightness of the wind, the qiyrent *
drove the yessgl op shore bn the lluena Vista •
shoal. When in the act ol heaving the vessel <
off, the Spanish cruiser sent her boat to our '
assistance. After getting the vessel off, they I
took us to an anchor off the schooner, and then
sent and broke out a great portion of pargo, <
under sqppicipp of having arms, Ac. But '
finding none, they replaced the cargo,' sent a j
pilot on board to conduct in clear, the cruiser ’
being in company, after having had the mas- 1
ter on board. Inspected the paper?, qnd (bund
them qnd everything all right. The pilot now I
demanded the sum of $35 as q compensation, <
which I think to be a great imposition, and <(o *
not mean to pay. I have given him qn order
on you, as 1 have po ability with me, as I did <
not want the pilot; and tbqt is the reasop of I
my declining paympnt. . ’
Sir,—Please pot tppaV TlW' » 8 ls : not '.
correct, and mv own name is not on the opder. >
Yours, Ac., &c., ]
Isaac Stkklinu, Master,
J, B. Smith, Mate. i
[Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.)
A Baltimorean Among tho Orientals.
Baltimore, April 11, 1853.
In our last communication we made some re
marks about the Mahomedan religion. In Tur
key, as in every other country whose religion is
a nationality, those occupying an humble posi
tion in life are much more enthusiastic in their
religious devotions than others, who, by being in
a more exalted position, peculiarly or politically,
have their minds vitiated by luxury or the strife
for high places. Yet are the latter far from lacking
in respect for, or obedience to, the requirements
of their creed. The highest dignitaries of the
land, not excepting the Sultan himself, scarcely
ever allow the sun to perform his diurnal circuit
through the heavens without prostrating them
selves before the throne of Allah. Friday is the
Mahomedan Sabbath ; on that day the rnosques
are open and their matted floors covered with
the kneeling and cross-legged faithful. The
women are permitted to worship in the mosques
but are compelled to form themselves into a dis
tinct group somewhat remote from the men.
Frequently no one acts in the capacity of
preacher, each worshipper with his face turned
towards the “ Holy City,” serving the Most
High in any manner that corresponds with his
individual inclination. It is a very novel sight
to see a large number of Musselmen engaged in
their peculiar devotions. Whilst some are kneel
ing with their eyes turned Heavenward, others
are standing erect, their arms crossed over their
breasts, whilst others still are so humbly prostra
ted that their foreheads touch thn floor ; all mut
tering their prayers, and these different postures
accord with the strength and fervency of the dif
ferent passages in the prayers
Every one who enters the mosques must take
off his shoes at the door, and put on slippers.—
This rule is imperative. To provide for its ob
servance, you must have slippers of your own;
your “ Cavasse.” or servant making the change
for you and taking charge of you shoes until
your return.
Franks cannot gain admittance into the mos
ques without the procurement of a firman or
permit from the Sultan. It is also necessary to
have a cavasse of the Porte, who acts in the
double capacity of guide and guard, and whose
presence testifies to the Turks that their worthy
sovereign has granted you the privilege of tra
versing their holy sanctuaries. With these ac
companiment’, you need not be under any ap
prehension of being interfered with by even the
most fanatical.
Strangers obtain the firman, through the agen
cy of their respective Legations; and, when in
tended to go through the mosques, form a party
of about a dozen. On the occasion of our visit,
we enjoyed the pleasure of Bayard Taylor’s com
pany. Taylor had just returned from his exten
sive travels in Africa, from whence he has writ
ten so many interesting letters to the New York
Tribune. His friend Harrison, who journeyed
with him, was also one of our party. These
gentlemen travelled through the East in full
oriental costume, and, speaking a little Arabic,
at the same time having suitable personal ap
pearances, passed muster as very good Mussel
men. H. was still wearing his when with us.
One day. whilst at Constantinople, he at
tempted to enter a mosque without a firman.
He was flushed with confidence, inasmuch as
he had. clad in his eastern guise, with his flow
ing beard and smattering of Arabic,succeeded in
accomplishing what very few Europeans ever
have accomplished,namely : a pilgrimage to Mec
ca, kneeling and muttering his prayers with the
most faithful and devout. It so happened that
a Turk recognized him as a gentleman whom
he had observed holding a very animated con
versation a day or two previous, in good -Anglo-
Saxon, with our Charge ; and knowing that
none of his countrymen could perform such a
miracle as that, he made his way toward H
with no very amiable expression on his counte
nance. Our friend observing his advance, con
cluded that discretion was the better part of va
lor, and beat a retreat, making good his escape
ffom the vicinity of the mosqqe ere the virtH oU ?
indignation occasioned by his intiusion had gath
ered into a storm
It is superfluous, I think, to give my readers
a description of the mosques. Those noble mqs
lem temples, that constitute the chief features in
the beautiful tableau that old Stamboul presents
to the greedy eyes of the voyager as he rounds
the Golden Horn, have been so frequently and
so well described by others more competent to
the task than myself-
Who has not read of St. Sophia, with it? im
mense dome, that appears to be suspended in the
heavens; of its columns of many-hued marbles,
and its ceilings of mosaic? Once the pride of
the Christian world, it still, though stripped of
much of its ancient grandeur, stands the ac
knowledged wonder of the Mahomedan.
It is not my province to speak of matters with
which,it is presumed,al most every one is familiar,
but merely those which, from their apparent in
significance,or from some other cause best known
to themselves, others have neglected to mention
—knowing that these subordinate matters ex
emplify as much as any other, the peculiar char
aeteristies of the people among whom they exist.
Whilst in St. Sophia let us pause for a mo
ment and look up into its gallery. What see
we? An innumerable quantity of boxes, of
packages, and every conceivable utensil of value;
piles of money, diamonds, &c. What does it all
mean ? The house of prayer is assuredly not to
be converted into a place of barter ? Ivo ; these
valuables are merely placed tiie.re for safe keep
ing. Their owners, who have gone on a pious
pilgrimage to Mecca, have left them thereunder
the firm conviction that no sacrilegious hand
will harm them during their absence. I'here
they are doubly safe, as they are neither exposed
to the dangers of fjre, nor is it possible that a
moslem would commit any act of dishonesty
within the sacred precincts of a sanctuary dedi
cated to Allah and the prophet.
The Sultan going to or returning from mosque
affords one of the most interesting as well as im
pressing spectacles to be witnessed in the Turk
ish capital,
He is, if on land, mounted on a magnificent
and richly caparisoned Arab charger. Two or
more riderless horses follow in his wake, each
with superb trappings, and like the horse on
which he rides, led by formidable looking
grooms. The military body guard of his majesty
and sometimes a few high dignitaries, the latter
in the saddle, form a part of the brilliant proces
sion that attends his royal highness oju such
occasions. On the Bosphorus he glides in a
highly wrought caiyuc propelled by sixteen
caiquejees, who, with a long admittance oust
sweep of the oars, fairly make his barge fly I
through the waters. The one which he occu
pies, in which, cross-legged, he sits under a royal
canopy, is preceded by two others,who go before
to herald the approach of the “ Ruler of the Uni
verse? and to intimate to all the boats scattered
over the Bosphorus that his sublimity must have
a wide margin to move in.
“ The sound of the church-going bell,” is
heard in Constantinople proper, the hour of wor
ship and of prayer being announced from the
minarets and the muezaim, whose prolonged cry
of La-allah; illah-allah Mahomed resoul allah,
(there is but one God, and Mahomet is his pro
phet.) especially as it falls upon the silence of
eve, has a truly singular effect.
As among all religious sects, there are some
whose peculiar rites distinguish them as a dis
tinct division ofthe body ecclesiastical, so among
the Mahomedans there are those, who, holding
the same tenets in the main as their brethren,
vet whose still more singular mode ol worship
constitute them a separate people. I have refer
ence to the howling Dervishes of Scutari, and
the whirling Dervishes of Pera. It would ho
impossible for pen and ink to give an Idea of the
wild antics, and the still wilder gutural sounds
that characterise the religious exercises of the
{ormer, or the rigid countenances and peculiar
rotarv motions of the latter.
Each sect performs once a week- The first
part of the ceremonies ol the howling liervjshes
is quiet enough, principally consisting in prayer,
and an embracing o,f each other and their vener
able Patriarchs, who occupy a position in the
Upper part of tho room, corresponding with the
direction of Mecca. But the excitement and
fervor grow apace; a deep sepulchral howlsocp
becomes conspicuous in the <'jacula,tfeu4; a, ! ■
phrenz.ied expression sets upon tfleir countenan
ces ; they walk witl; hflrrsed step, and among '
each other 'ft runny a giddy maze; wilder be
come the howls, wilder the visages, more rapid
the devious pace; club-shaped instruments,with
bulbous ends, set with iron points, are wielded |
high in the air and brought down with great ap
parent force poop their bodies; sharp swords
are driven into"'them by cudgels’ heavy blows,
the pointe of heavy iron, weapons are placed
upon the eye and twirled upon that delicate :
organ. At length, after the excitement has I
attained the highest pityh, the cries ha.ve be
come like those p{ the WKB mapiac, their ',
motions of unsurpassable yfejeace, apd their,
blood, rflade to flow by self-inflicting hands, has ,
crimsoned their bodies, they are carried out ,
fainting and exhausted, from the scene of their |
religious zeal. j
•It is said that in the Barbary States,in. certain I.
seasons, these Dervishes; 'fleflotyie so,’ furious in ,
the midst of their peculiar performances that ,
tfiey rush out info the streets with the instru- ,
ments of torture in their hands, and wo betide j
the unfortunate son of Israel who then happens 1|
to cross their path; he woqlfl almost certainly i,
fall a victim to their wild fanaticism.
The whirling lavishes are more peaceable. ,
Commencing their religious rites in the same | s
manner as their howling neighbors, they con- ,
tinue them by a steady whirling motion, with |
their arms extended and their eyes cast down- ;
Ward. 11
With their heads surmounted by sugar-loaf, .
brimless hats, and their lopso sKirt-s, whose low- ]
er margin, in the act, describes a perfect circle ,
round, rpund they go, unceasingly for hours. t ;
Women are not allowed to participate in the ,
ceremonies of either the howling or the whir- ;
ling Dervishes- the mosque of the latter (
were, t say nrr<. f° r since our visit to it the mos- I
que has been destroyed by fire, latticed windows I
in the walls through which Turkish females
peeped at their rotating masculine lords.
1 would here remark that the undue zeal , s
manifested by these strange sects is condemned ‘
VOL. 32 -NEW SERIES -VOL-B.—NO. 12.
by the mass of Mahomedana, and 1 would also
do them justice by saying that many of their
_ venerable and patriarchal members are men of
”” great learning and research. J. E. P. B.
Ancient Tyre.
We parted from Kanta an hour before day
, break, and ascended several barren and rocky
.’ hills, stretching into the sea. From the sum
mit of the last and most elevated of these as
cents, Tyre is beheld, appearing at the extre
mity of a vast and barren elevation. Between
the sea and the last heights of Lebanon, which
, here rapidly diminish, extends a naked barren
” plain of about twenty miles in length, and four
or five in breadth, of a yellow tint, covered
only with thorny shrubs, browsed by the camels
e of the caravan on their passage. Tyre is built
on a peninsula stretching into the sea. and con
(. neefed with the continent by a narrow neck
of land covered with a go’den sand, wafted by
p the wind from Egypt. This city, at present
s called Sour, by the Arabs, is situated at the
3 farthest extrem ty of the above-men'ioned pe
; ninsula, and seems to rise out of the waves. At
' a distance, you would still imagine it to be a
new, beautiful white and animated city ; but it
is nothing more than a fine shadow, which van
s ishes on approaching it. A few hundreds of fal
ling houses, in which the Arabs fold large flocks
. of sheep, and black g ats, with hanging ears,
5 which defiled before us on the plain, are all that
j remain of Tyre 1 She has no longer a port on the
, sea, no longer roads upon land : the prophecies
respecting her have been long since accomplish-
B
r We travelled on in silence, occupied by the
thoughts of this desolation, and of the dust of an
empire which we trod under our feet. Passing
g along the paths between the ruins and tho gray
. and naked hills of Lebanon, which here descend
to the plain, we arrived at the city, now flanked
s by a sandbank, which seems its only existing
rampart, but which will doubtless, ere long, bury
the town under its mass. I thought of the pro
. phecies, and endeavored to bring to my recollec
, tiqn some of tl.oae eloquent warnings with
| which the divine spirit inspired Ezekiel. I
could not recall the words, but I discovered tne
. meaning in the deplorable waste before my
r e y es -
( I had now before me the “ black” Lebanon ;
, but I said to inyself, my imagination has de
ceived me ; I see neither the eagles nor the
vultures which, according to the prophecies,
were to descend unceasingly from the moun
tains to despoil even the remains of the city,
accursed of God, and the enemy of his people.
At the moment I made these reflections, some
thing huge, grotesque, and motionless, appeared
at our left, on the summit of a pointed rock,
which advanced into the plain not far distant,
close to the route of the caravans ; it looked
to me like five statues of black stone, placed
on the rock as on a pedestal ; but from certain
motions, almost imperceptible, of these colossa l
figures, we fancied, on approaching neai'er, that
they were five Bedouin Arabs clothed in their
sacks of black goats hqir, who were looking at
us as we passed.
When, however, we came at a distance of
fifty paces from the rock, we saw one of the
five figures display an immense pair of wings,
which flapped with a noise resembling that of
a sail shaking in the breeze, and it naw be
came clear that the figures were those of five
eagles, of the largest kind I have ever seen in
the Alps or menageries of our cities. They
did not take flight, hut remained unmoved at
our approach. Seated like kings of the de«ert.
they seemed to regard Tyre as their proper
prey. I could not cease from contemplating this .
prophecy in action—this wonderful fulfilment
of the divine menaces, of which chance had
rendered us witnesses. Never bad anything
more supernatural struck my e 'es or ri vetted
my mind; and it required an effort of reason,
not to see behind these five gigantic eagles,
the great and terrible figure o f the poet of
vengeance—ofEzekial—rising above them, qnd
pointing out to them, with eye and uqnd, the ;
city which God had giver, to them, for a prey. 1
I now foqnd that my poetical imagination '
had exhibited to me the eagles ot Tyre less faith- ,
fully, less impressively, Jess superijaturaHy than I 1
the fact warranted..
We arrived at noon, after a march of seven
hours, in the midst of the plain of Tyre, at a 1
place called the wells of Solomon. All travel- '
lers have described these wells; they consist of 1
three reservoirs of limpid, running Y,’qtos, which j
issue, as it were, by enchqrittoypt, from a low, 1
dry, and barrqq s,ot|. qt the distance of two '
mile? from Tyry. Each of these reservoir?, '
raised artificially about twenty feet atowe the '
level of the plain.is full to the brim, and is in- 1
deed continually running over. The excess of
the flqid is employed to turn the wheels of 1
mills, and the wafer is conveyed io Tyre by
aqueducts, half ancient, hall modern, which have
a beautiful effect, seen on the horizon. Ik is
said that Solomon ordered these wells to. be
mqde, to recompense Tyre and its King Hiram
for the services he had received ftorp that mon
arch’s navy and its qrtists, during the building
of the Temple.
These immense wells are each frarp seventy
to eighty feet in circumference ; their depth is
unknown, and indeed is s iid to be bottomless.
No nnc ba» ever been able to learn by what
mysterious channels the waters from the
tains arrive, and there is at least everjj reason to
believe that they are immensg Artesian wells,
constructed thousands qf years before their dis
covery by t'qj moderns.— Lamartine’s Pilgrim-
Heroic Conduct as ; a G;irl.
In the night of the Ilth of August last, during
a violent thunderstorm, cries of distress were
heard under the walls of the ruined chateau of
Gaillac, (Lot,) then inhabited by three rustic
families. The cries were, “ Help, help I my wife
is murdered ; I am a lost man ; it is Albarel that
is killing us.” Albarel was one of the inhabi
tants of the chateau, and was the terror of the
district. The voice of distress was that of
another of the mmates, named Fan, who, with
his wife, had been prevented from coming home
till late by the violence of the storm. The third
family living in the chateau consisted of a man
and his wife named Barthe, and their daughter
Victorine, a girl scarcely turned thirteen years qfl
age.
At the sound of the dreaded name w Albarel,
who that morning only had, threatened to strike
Victorine’s mother, Uasthe and his wife were
struck dumb, with terror, but little Victorina
jumped-out of bed, rushed to her parent’s cham
ber, and exclaimed, 11 Oh, father! tpke, a gun and
go out.” Seeing that he hesitated, she added.
“If you will not, I will go myself; it shall nev
er be said that a man was murdered at opr door
, for want of help.” Stimulated Uy this appeal,
the father went out, but it was too late. Fan
was mortally wounded, and bis wife dead.
Meanwhile Victorine hid herself in the corner
of a doorway through which Albarel, supposing
him to be the murderer, must pass to gain his
own lodgings. She presently heard tht> assassin
approach with stealthy step.
The slightest movement, and her life would
have been sacrificed to the fury of a desperate
ruffian, armed, and reeking with blood. She
remained firm, assured herself of the identity of
Albarel, saw him creep into his chamber, and
instantly went in search of the officers of jus
tice. Upon her evidence Albarel was sentenced
to hard labor for life. The Emperor, on hearing
of Victorine’s courageous action, sent a watch
to the Minister of Justice, and wrote with his
own hand upon the envelope enclosing it. “ For ,
Victorine Barthe, to be presented to he; in a
solemn sitting of the Court of Assfees ”■ Pur
suant to the Emperor’s de?j;®. a, solemn sitting
of the Imperial Coipjt of Cahors was held on
February 2”, fest.
yictOipnq was conducted by the usher to the
witness seat in the centre of the court, and
there, in the presence of the prefect ol the de
partment, fell bench of judges, the assize jury,
and a large assemblage ol the gentry of the de
partment, the watch was presented to her by
M. Jolly, the presiding judge. M. Jolly, in the
coarse of a lung speech, said that heroism had ip
all time been the natural nroduction of tfe- de
. partment ol the Lot, and enumerajyd a, fepg list
of worthies born in the prc,yi,u.c« from the time ']
of the Romans dowhW-af'is, the delivery
of this spegfei th? prefect precepted Victorine
wit{j a medal, of honor of tU- first class, and a
’ purse of ISOf. on the part ofthe Minister of Jus
tice ; and at the conclusion of the ceremony the
jury requested that the speeches of the president
Jolly and the prefect might bp printed, and that
each of them might bp allowed to have a copy.
—Frtnch papp;.
, Only a Child,
“ Who is to be buried here ?” said I to the sex
ton. “ Only 5 v'uild, ma’am.”
On/; a child I Oh 1 had you ever been a moth
, er—had you nightly pillowed that little golden
head—had you slept tire sweeter for that little
velvet hand upon your breast—had you waited
' for the first intelligent glance from those Wee
eyes—had you watched its slumbers,tracing the
features of him who stole yoty; girlish heart
away—had you wept a widow's tears over its
unconscious head. —had your desolate, timid
heart gained; courage from that little piping voice
, to. wrestle with the jostling crowd for daily bread
—had its loving smiles and prgtliag words beep
sweet recompense for gufei sad exposure—had
the lonely future seen brightened by the hope
ol that ymang arm to lean upon, that bright eye
for your guiding star —had you never framed a
plan or known a hope o; fear, at which,that child ,
was not part,
If thare was naught else on earth left tor you
to love—if disease came, and its eye grew dim ;
and food, and rest, and sleep, were forgotten in |
your anxious fears.-—if you pace the floor hour by
hour, with that fragile burden, when your very
touch seemed, to give comfort and healing to that
little quivering frame—had the star of hope set I
at last—then, had yon hung over its dyiag pil- ■
low, whwtbe strong breast yog, should have
weps on was in the grave, where-your child was
hastening—had you caught alow, ifs last faint
cry for the “ hsfyl' you. could not give—had- its 1
last fluttering sigh breathed out on your breast—
Oh J coujd-you, have said—'”Tis only, a child?”
Fanny Fern.
Cossp-mmknts Mianwnawui.. —Says Mr. M 1
(waxing rathpr warm) to Mrs. M., “Facts
stubborn tih.fegs.” Says Mrs. M. to V.
“ Vh.e'f what a fact you must be 1” ’ Mr. JM.,
, “My Wife is tho cause of it.”
r It is now more than forty years ago that Mr.
I L called at the house of Dr. B , one ve
ry cold morning, on his way to H . “ Sir.’
said the doctor, “the weather is very frosty—
will you not take something to drink before you
start ?”
In that early day, ardent spirits were deemed
indispensable to warmth in the winter. When
commencing a journey, and at every stopping
place along the road, the traveller always used
intoxicating drinks to keep'bim warm.
“ No,” said Mr L , “ I never now touch
anything of the kind, and I will tell the reason
—‘my wife is the cause of it.’ I had been in the
habit of meeting some of our neighbors every
evening, for the purpose of playing cards. We
assembled at each other’s shop, and liquors were
introduced. After a while, we met not so much
for playing as for drinking, and I used to return
home, late in the evening, more or Jess intoxica
ted. My wife always met me at the door, affec
tionately ; and when I chided her for sitting
up so late for me, she kindly replied :
“ I prefer doing so, for I cannot sleep when
you are ont.”
“This always troubled me. I wished in my
heart that she would only begin to scold me, for
then I could have retorted, and relieved my con
science. But she always met me with the same
gentle and loving spirit.
“ Things passed on thus for some time, when
I at once resolved that I would, by remaining
very late, and returning much intoxicated, pro
voke her displeasure so much as to cause her to
lecture me, when I meant to answer her with
severity, and thus, by creating another issue be
tween us, unburden my bosom of its pent uj>
troubles.
“ I returned in such a plight about four
o’clock in the morning. She met tne at the
door with her usual tenderness, and said:
“ ‘ Come in, husband, 1 have just been making
a warm fire for you. because I knew you would
be cold. Take off your boots, and warm your
feet, and here is a cup of hot coffee ”
“Doctor, that was too much, I could not
endure it any longer, and I resolved, from that
moment, that I would never touch another drop
while I lived, and I never will.”
He never did. He lived and died practising
total abstinence from all intoxicating drinks, in
a village where intemperance has ravaged as
much as any other in the State.
Magnanimity of Actresses.
We find the following interes ing article in
the Home Journal: “ Good deeds ought to be
known because goodness is so catching; there
fore we do not scruple to publish a paragraph
from a gossiping note received the other day
from a friend who liv € s U p town, and who con
verses with us Occasionally through the penny
post. Ouf friend is the personal, intimate and
professional adviser of both Mrs. Mowatt and
Julia Denn : and he thus narrates a beautiful in
cidentof which he was himself a party.
*• A few days since. Miss Dean speaking of
new play*, and new parts, (unconsciously appa
rently) said: Oh! bow I wish Mrs. Mowatt,
would give me pertnision to play her ‘ Armand,'
whi -h you may, perhaps, not know is ‘ copy
righted? ‘ but’added she, ‘I can’t expect she
would do such a thing, as she keeps it exclusive
ly to herself, I replied, ‘the permission is hard
ly to be hoped tor? But, knowing the really
generous character of Mrs. Mowatt, I told her
the circumstance, and she at once promptly and
frankly said. ‘my dear P she shall have it with
all my heart, if your wish—nay. she is perfectly
welcome to it? And she sent by me her care
fully marked London edition with a prettily
worded permission to Miss Dean to personate
the character of Blanche, wherever and. when
ever she pleased.
“ Miss Dean has accepted the offer most grate
fully : and really I think that it is one of the
most graceful and distinguished acts of courtesy
to q professional rival I know of in theatrical
annals ; for not only is it rare for an author to
allow his work to be used for the benefit of an
other, but in this case a rival actress is per
mitted to add to the list of her characters one
Mrs. Mowatt has held exclusively for herself,
and which has been, in hey hands, exceedingly
popular and remunerative.”
While we hqva been reading and re-reading
this charnxiag incident, we have been think
ing over the many instances of striking mag
nanimity on the part of eminent actresses that
we have been personally cognizant of. There
is Miss (toon herself—cradled in adversity, long
struggling in laborious obscurity, yet, in the day
of triumph, oblivious of former wrongs, but ne
ver forgetful of old friends and old favors ;
not less beloved in private lite than admir
ed upon the stage. Had she been the author
ess, sue would have done for Mrs. Mowatt
what Mrs. Mowatt has done for her, and with
the same frankness and freedom. And there
is Fanny Kemble—another name for generosi
ty and independence—who threw herself in
to the breach of her father’s desperate for
tunes, with the gallantry of a hero, and the
self-denial of a woman ; and who, yvhen she
retired from the stago, gave up to her father
the proceeds of her arduous professional labors. •
And Miss Cushman, too, the only limit to
whose bpuevolence is that which fortune has
and whose last act in this country was
ona which seemed tho best educational advan
tages to a young relative, whom she left has,*
hind, and may never see again. And Mrs.
whose dairy life accords with the personations
of the. noble woman with whom she is identified
in the theatre. And Jenny Lind, who was an
actress, and all of whose conduct we admire, ex-
cepb alone her public repudiation of the dra
matic part of her profession, to which she owed
her fame and fortune.
Madame Sontag, who, when she had already
achieved two distinct and brilliant careers—one
as the most admired si"ger of her day, and the
other as the most admired lady of her court, is
now wooing fortune a third time,with undaunt
ed front, with greater energy than ever, with
powers unimpaired and success unexampled.
And then, Mrs. Sidgns, in the old time, did she
ever personate a noble matron who was nobler
than herself ? era Celeste, who danced a for
tune for another to squander; who pantomined a
spcwadfcr bankruptcy to swallow up; who acted
4 third for the maintenance of her children ?
And why of anothsr well known lady, who,
when one of hw children lay dead in the house,
arid anothw was dangerously sick, kept her sor
rows secret, and played Norma, because the
bread of many poor artists would have been jeo
parded by the closing of the house ?
No one knew, when her usual emotion in the
children-scene was producing an unusual effect,
that the actress herself was more a h- roine than
the fictitious one of the opera ; but such was the
fact. These are but a few instances out of many
which occurred to us while reading our friend’s
note. The annals of the stage coidd furnish a
long catalogue of similar deeds. Nor is the great
ness of soul confined to the ladies of the dramatic
profession. Actors have their little jeafeus.es,
their toibles, their faults; but in generosity, in
standing by one another in times of trouble, we
know not any class of persons who are their
equals
Virginia Girls. *
A correspondent of the Richmond Despatch,
writing from Hanover Co.. Virginia, says :
I see from the Savannah News,that the Geor
gia girls are felling trees and getting shingles.
We havq in this county two girls following the
same- occupation. I send you a sample of their
. workmanship. They gfe six thousand per week
by their own hands, at S 4 50 per thousand.
They supply the whole demand in that region of
country, and many are sold in the Richmond
market. They have by dint of industry purchas
ed an excellent piano. They are most excellent
performers. Their task is six. thousand per
week. They shorten their task by working at
night in the fishing seas-eo, thereby gaining Sat
urday. which th rv devote to pleasure. They go
to the Pamunbv feiverand haul the seine, re
gardless rd, the depth of water They can dive
deeper, stay under longer ami come out dryer
than, any other girls in the United States. Now
! set the Georgia gills cut and comq again.
Something Curious.
“ What a curious trait that is in women—their
exaggerated anxiety to see one who has been
loved by the man in whom they themselves
take an interest.”
Well—yes— rather curious; great many curi
ous things in this world. Curious your husband
will insist upon knowing who gave yon that
little gold ringon your third finger! Curious
that such an ugly frown comes over his pbjz
when he sees those cabalistic marks (in a mascu
line hand) in the maigin of your favorite poet.
Curious you can’t name your oldest boy “ Ffetan”
without telling him your confidential reasons.
Curious that, ho makes you change, your seat at
a concert fear of a draft, whenever one of
ym;r old lovers approaches.. Curious you can
; uever unlock your little writing desk without
having his ntarried cm peeping over your should
er. Curious he’s always most gracious to the
most unintcruting men who visit the house.
Curious he’s deap set against your riding ho, se
baek when everybody says “you’re just the figure
*? r v”, 9 urious he makes his partner take all
the little business trius of the firm. Curious he’s
averse to your “taking the air,” unless Ac snuffs
it too. And marvellously curious and decidedly
disagreeable, whenever you ask him for money,
hat he s aimays so busy reading the newspapers
that he never heard you » Fanny Fern.
A correspondent of the Republic mentions
that the cierks recently removed from the De
partment oi the Interior were notified of their
dismissal by printed letters, which he considers
an ominous circumstance, indicating an inten
tion to carry on a wholesale business. It there
is any impropriety in using printed circulars for
such a purpose, the responsibility must rest with
the lato administration, inasmuch as the identi
cal blanks made use of in the Interior Depart
»J en V Ve . ,e P r * ll^e d four years ago for the use of
Mr. Ewing; and when they were found a few
u nCe ’ ? P ro Per regard for economy required
that they should no.*,; be thrown away, but be
made serviceable. We have not been informed
how man'j the Ewing blanks have beeu
found, ani | we cannot,therefore, say whether the
Supply will equal the demand; but surely no
good whig will object to a style of address which
was adopted by the Taylor cabinet.—> IFasAing
tan Republic,