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fotrldp (fagifflc cGnistihitiimalfat anb ilcy u b lit BY JAMES GARDNER, JR OFFICE ON McINTOSH-STREET YIMRD DOOR FROM TIIK KORTH-WRBT CORNKR OF BROAD BTRIIT. • Me* of LAND by Executors, Administrators or Guar dians. ate required, by law. to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the Court House in which the property is situate. Notice of those sales must be given in a publfo Gazette. SIXTY DAYS previous to the day of sale. Sales of NEGROES must bo at Public Auction, on the first Tuesday of the month, between the usual hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the county where the Letters Testamentary, or Administration, or Guardianship, may have been granted, first giving SIXTY DAY’S notice thereof, in one of the public Gazettes of this Slate, and at the door of the Court House where such sales are to be held. Notice for the sales of Personal Property must be given, in like manner. FORTY HAYS previous to day of sale. Notice to the Debtors and Creditor* of an Estate, must be published for FORTY DAYS. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell LAND, must be published for TWO MONTHS Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published TWO MONTHS, before any order absolute can be given bv the Court. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. One square. 12 lines. 75 cents the first insertion. and 50 cents afterward*. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Sheriff’s Levies. 30 days. |>2 50 per levy : 60 days. $5. Executor's. Administrator’* and Guardian’*Sales, Real Estate, (per square !2 l ines.) $4 75 Do. do. Personal Estate 3 25 Citation for Letters of Administration • T 5 Do. do. Dismission 4 50 Notice to Debtorsand Creditors 3 25 Two Months’ Notices 4 00 Rule* Nisi, (monthly) $1 per square, each insertion , /“Obituary Notices over six line*, will be charged at the same rates a* advertisements. LEGAL NOTICES Notice of the sale of Land and Negroes by Ad ministrator*. Executors or Guardians, must be publish ed FOKTY DAYS previous to the day of sale. Notice to Debtor* and Creditors of an estate must be published FORTY DAYS Notice that application will be made to the Court oS Ordinary for leave to sell Land er Negroes, must be published TWO MONTHS, weekly. Notice of application for Letters of Administra te t»n. must be published THIRTY DAYS: and Let ters of Dismission of Executor* or Administrators. SIX MONTHS —Dismission of Guardian*. FORTY DAYS. ... '.rjtt.* tors, at the discretion of the Ordinary, upon not less than TEN DAY'S notice Sales by regular Administra tors. as under the old law. FORTY DAYS. , 17“ ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, ahi at ocr tISK. AUGUSTA, SATURDAY MORNING, APRIL 23. Abbeville Banner—Change of Editors. The last number bi this well conducted jour nal contains the announcement that Mr. Allen 1 has retired from the editorship, and his place is ( now occupied by Col. F. W. Sellick. Col. Sellick is well known as a gallant soldier i who won high distinction in Mexico. He is 1 also an intelligent and high-toned gentleman, ( and we are gratified that in his person the . editorial corps has so agreeable an accession | to its ranks. For gentlemanly bearing, and in- ; tellectnal merit and cultivation, the editorial , corps of South Carolina stands deservedly con- , spicuoos. Col. Sellick is capable of winning i a high position in its ranks. t'ne New-York Tribune says that whilst ex- i penments looking to the extensive substitution | of Flax or Hemp for Cotton in the production of Fabrics are extensively in progress, an effort is now making in New-York to demonstrate the superiority of cotton as the staple of a fabric hitherto exclusively manufactured from Hemp of Flax—namely Cordage. “ The American Cordage Company," working a Yankee patent, at Nos. 520 and 522 Water-st., is now making some two tons per day of Cotton Cordage, main ly intended for tow-lines, bow-lines, &c., ofca- I nal boats, ot varioue sizes from one inch to six j inches in circumference. It is no cheaper than Hempen Cordage, being sold for s xteen cents per pound, while Hem pen cost twelve, which is just about equal to the other—the cotton rope weighing one-fourth less per yard—but its manufacturers assert that it is more pliable and every way serviceable, and that one cotton tow-line will outlast three or four of the Manilla staple. The managers evince great confidence in the success of their enter prise, and intend to double and treble their daily product so fast as they can procure the requisite machinery. They have orders a good way ahead, and the daily consumption of Cordage in the inland navigation only’ of our country is stated ■ by them at thirty-five tons ! In this establishment, bales of cotton from ; Southern vessel are hoisted to the upper I story of the building and come out bales of Cord age on the ground floor. The process of carding . j is entirely dispensed with—the cotton passing ' directly from the picker to the machine on j ' which it is converted into roving, thence spun into yarn, and so twisted into cordage. As raw cotton now costs 11 a 12 cents per pound, and J something must be deducted for dirt and waste, ■this Company must make rope very rapidly if , they are to sell it for sixteen cents per pound and make dividends. The New York United States Economist, has > received a very remarkable specimen of Cotton, I destined for the World's Fair. It was procured by one of the most enterprising and intelligent merchants of Texas, from the “ Pino” Indians. It is of a texture and strength of fibre superior to any ever offered in New York. To the touch it has the feeling of silk, being destitute of the harsh feeling incident to Cotton. It is of a long ■ staple, and of a beautiful clear white color. The I Economist understands that the enterprising discoverer has procured a quantity of the seed, and will enter extensively into the culture. It has been found under circumstances which lead ' to the hope that the degeneration of the quality usual upon these fine qualities will not be en- j countered in this case. The New-Yor < Herald says that "on : Change : on Thursday a party well posted in California affairs stated his belief that much trouble was likely to prevail in that State in the settlement of land claims. It appeared that the quantity of land claimed under Spanish titles, reached the enormous amount of 2,603 3-sths Spanish ■ leagues, equal to 11,299,624 sacres. This vast body of land was claimed by only 812 individu als. 540 of whom were for large, and 272 for I small tracts. If divided equally between the I 812 claimants, it would give 15,159 acres to each. There had been many difficulties in ad- ; justing Spanish land titles in Florida, but those likely to arise in California would far exceed ' them. Many fraudulent Spanish claims, forged deeds, &c., were trumped up in the former in- ! stance, and were actually confirmed by the com- i missioned. As California lands were vastly more important than those of Florida, and the country not less corrupt, than it was then, the grandest attempts at pushing through unjust claims would be made, and the land commission ers ought to possess stronger nerves of honesty than belonged to Aristides, to succeed in resist ing the assaults which would be made by specu lators upon tbeir sense of justice. Dr. Ka-.e has returned to New York from his [ visit to Washington, where he proceeded to ob tain bls instructions from the Navy Department. Mr. Dobi?in,and all the members of the Cabinet, it in aid, Utce gren interesrlu ll>« ■ f but were unable to give him any important material aid, in consequence of Congress hav ing restricted them in all such matters. He will, j however, sail about the 15th of May in the brig Advance, furnished by Mr. Grinrwll. Several members of the Grinnell Expedition have volunteered their services in this second ■ American effort. Dr. Kane has selected from among them Mr. Henry Brooks, who was sec ond officer of the an attached person- , al servant of the Doctor’s who has accompanied ■. him in many of b‘» travels. The whole band will not exceed thirty persons,including some Es quimaux, who are to join the party. Sir Edward Parry, the Rosses, and other well known Arc tic authorities.have, by order of the British Admi ralty. written suggestive letters affording valua ble practical information relating to sledge travel. The letters were accompanied by presents of j field compasses and India-rubber clothing and sledges, valuable to the party. The vessels are , provisioned for three years. The provisions consist of meat, biscuit, condensed milk, domes ticated vegetables. The little brig (the Advance) which is to convey the gallant party to their scene of operations, has been magnificently fit ted out by Mr. Grinnell. The sledges, in addi tion to their scanty cargo of food, will carry an India rubber boat, spread upon basket or wicker ■work—a valuable suggestion by Mr.’ Bennett, agent of the Staunton Life-Boats. Dogs will be used freely to carry .out depots of food for the lit tle party. The New York Herald says that Foreign mis sions possess no attractions in the eyes of Col. Benton. He is determined to serve his term of <two years in the House of Representatives. Atmospheric Tologp-aph. The Boston Daily Advertiser ofSaturday has the following notice of this new invention, by which it is claimed letters and parcels can be transported considerable distances with almost incredible velocity, rendering it practically near ly equal in speed to the Magnetic Telegraph, over which it is obvious it has Many advantages in other respects. The apparatus is in o|ieration in the Boston Merchants' Exchange: It consists of a tube connecting the places be tween which communication is to be maintain ed, in which a sort of piston called “the plun ger" is fitted, with a loose leather packing. The matter to be sent is enclosed in a bag at tached behind this plunger. Its propulsion is secured by the pressure of the atmosphere of or dinary density behind it, that in f ront being rati fied by means of an air pump, producing a par tial vacuum. This propelling power is so great as to produce an apparently mista ntaneous mo tion ot the plunger with its load from one end to the other of the model tube on exhibition, which is about 30 feet long and li inches in diameter ; indeed the plunger issues forth with so much force when not confined, as to knock down vio lently a heavy billet of wood placed opposite the end of the tube, if it is left open. The speed is estimated at about one thousand miles in an hour. The apparatus is so a'ranged that there can be intermediate stations upon the line, at which the progress of the “ plunger” can be arrested, or if preferred, it can pass directly through to the terminus, T: e mechanical difficulties to the plan which readily suggest themselves have been ingenious ly and apparently effectually obviated by Mr. Richardson. The inconvenience of the sudden shock occasioned by the arrival of the “ plunger” at the end of its journey is avoided by an ar rangement by which a portion ot the air in tront of it is compressed and allowed to escape but grsduaUv-lauaiaUJksort of cushion to ease the jolt. Ti e retarding effector tne friction caused by the motion of the large column of air which necessarily follows the plunger in. the tube is prevented by the occasional recurrence ot valves in the tube connecting with the atmoshere to be opened by the plunger as it passes. The fric tion of the plunger itself is reduced to a very low point by the manner in which its packing is con structed. We are inform that the apparatus has met with the approval of several gentlemen compe tent to form a sound opinion, who have examin ed it. The patent right for the machine is owned by the Atmospheric Telegraph Company of which Mr. Richardson is Agent. It is proposed to open on Tuesday next in this city the subscription books of a company under the name of the " New York and Boston Atmospheric Despatch Company” to construct a line between this city and New York. The tube of this line, it is pro posed, shall be two feet in diameter. The cost of laying it down is estimated at 82000 per mile. There will be supply valves as often as once in twenty-five miles, and intermediate stations at suitacle points, for instance at Worcester. Spring field, &c. There will be air pumps at all the stations. Hourly mails may be made up and despatched, a part of them at fixed hours stop ping at all the stationsand the othe’s proceeding throughout direct It is expected that letters and parcels from N. York would be delivered in Boston in less than half an hour. A company able to carry mail matter at this rate of speed would be powerful competitors as contractors for performing the mail service. If a sufficient amount of matter is presented, it is claimed that the actual cost of transportation is not more than half that of any other method, while it is twen ty times as fast. The line need not be straight but can be curved so as to follow the face of the ground, or underlie the channels of rivers. Ic will be observed that this invention bears some resemblance to the “ Atmospheric Rail way” so much talked of at one time, but that it avoids the objectionable features of that scheme, as the tube is closed throughout It is worthy the attention of business men. We are inform that Mr. Richardson has had in successful ope ration a line of 3 inch tube in a mile length. Authorised Gold Bars.—We were shown yesterday (says the Baltimore American) by the agent of Messrs. Adams & Co.’s Express, two bars of gold, stamped, valued and certified by the U. S. Mint, as required by law. The bars are of different sizes, and the certificate glued on each corresponds with the numbei and stamp on the bar, and specifies both the gross value of the bar and its value in coin after deducting a half of one per cent, for coinage. In the case of one of the bars shiwn to us by Messrs. Adams & Co., its gross value is 84,504, and its value as coin 84,482, being a difference of 822. The manufacture of Medium Tables in aid of the Spirit Rappings has become a profitable branth ofbusiness. The New York Journal of Commerce thus describes their construction:— “The table is like an ordinary <nK, with . <fop formed of a thick board ; but concealed within a cavity, in the latter, is a small apparatus with a kind of hammer, for producing the “ raps.” The hammer is so constructed with a wire running down through the table leg, that the latter has only to be i» contact with a nail head, or some thing of the kind, in the floor, to enable the op- I erator to produce the raps by means of galvan ism.” Excelsior Pioneer Association.—A com pany of young married men in the city of New York, have associated themselves under the above title, for the purpose of forming a colony on the banks of Lake Minnetouka, in Minneso ta, nine miles from the Falls of St. Anthony,and twelve from St. Paul’s. The climate ofthis lo ; cality is described as very healthy, the soil fer tile, and the scenery exceedingly beautiful. Lake I Minnetouka was discovered about a year since, and the lands have been vacated by the late ' Treaty with the Sioux Indians. One hundred members are required, and it is . intended to start in June, the members of the Association designing to“ squat” until the lands are surveyed, and then each to secure for him self a farm of 160 acres, and a village lot of not less than one acre. The location chosen has a frontage on the Lake, which is navigable for I forty miles. It is stated that a lady of Northampton. Mass., a lady, too, of beauty, loveliness and intelligence, the mother of six children.the youngest of which is an in fant, has become a raving man iac through the influence upon her mind of the spiritual , manifestations. She was conveyed to the Brat tleboro’ insane hospital on Wednesday, in such a state of excitement that it took two attend ants to hold her. The Cotton Circular of Mr. Stewart, of New ; York, sent to Liverpool on Saturday in the j steamship Atlantic, states, in reference to crop estimates, that the interest in the probable de -1 livery of this crop has been waning for the past three months: the fact that it would exceed 3,100,900, and probably fall but little short of 3,300,000 bales being generally conceded. The tone of public opinion, be says, now lies between ■ 3,230,000 and 3,300,000 bales. A corps of surveyors has been organised at Newburg, and another at Syracuse,N. Y., for the purpose of surveying a railroad route between ' those cities, and they are now progressing to wards the centre of the line. The line will be I less than 170 miles long, reducing the distance from Syracuse e ‘ty fuil and perhaps sixty mite*’’ ‘Vtie grades, so far as can be now seen, will present no impediment to easy and speedy travel either way, and the iso lated country it is to traverse, and the tunnel like centre at which it starts towards the great | market as the country, all combine to character ize it as the greatest railroad enterprise in con i tempiatjon in the State. The nucleus of the I company, in capita), lice., has says the N. Y. Her ald, already been forrnea, wfo there is every i probability of the work being pushed lu» wer.d ; with vigor. Copper Ore.—We weresfiontf (says the Chat tanooga Advertiser) fine specimens of copper ore last week, picked up in Monroe county, Rast Tennessee. We understand that this ore abounds in large quantities in several counties of East Tennessee, in many places it has been work ; ed to great profit. We learn (says the Savannah Republican of , the 19tb inst.,) that the Railroad from Macon to Columbus has received a contract for carrying the U. 8. mails at 8100 per mile. This contract applies of course to the Southwestern Road as far as Fort Valley, to its extension thence to wards Columbus, and to the Muscogee Road. Cotton Pbk»s in Baltimore.—An enterpris ing citizen of Baltimore has recently erected a cotton press in that city, for the purpose of pre paring cotton for shipment to Europe. This step was rendered necessary in consequence of the arrival at Baltimore of cotton by the West ern Road. The flags of the Custom House and shipping, vere d.splayed at Savannah, at half-mast on the 19th inst., in token of respect for Vice-Presi dent King, [From the Charleston Mercury.] The Cotton Crop—What will it bo ? Mkssrs. Editors: —Having observed in your paper an estimate of the Cotton crop ol this year as likely to be under three millions ol bales, and believing it to be unfounded, and well calculated to lead into wild and ruinous specula tion, the following views are submitted, as af fording reasonable ground for a nearer approach to the truth. In any estimate ot the Cotton crop, precision is unobtainable; so extended is its culture, so varied and antagonistical are the sources from which information is to be obtain ed, that a reference to the experience ol the past, is necessary to get at such an approximation to the probable result, as may afford safe ground to Judge whether present prices are too low, or whether they may not justly go higher. The receipts of the present crop to Ist April are 2,760,000 bales, showing an excess over last year to same date of 435,000 bales. What will the total crop be, depends on what are likely to be the receipts from Ist April to September Ist. the close of the Cotton year. To arrive at this, we take the receipts for the last six years, from Ist April to Ist September, say from the crops of 1816-17 to 1851-52, and which were as fol lows : Receipts from Balos Sept. 1, 1846, to April 1, 1847, 1,468,597 April 1, 1847, to Sept. 1, 1847, 311,256 21) porot. Total crop, 1,779,853 Sept. 1, 1847, to April 1, 1848, 1,780,543 April 1, 1848, to Sept. 1, 1848, 558,269 31J per ct. Total crop. 2,338,812 Sept. 1,1848, to April 1, 1849, 2,189,082 April 1, 1849, to Sept. 1, 1849, 549,978 25 per ct. 2,739,060 Sept. 1, 1849, to April I, 1850, 1,755.247 April 1, 1850, to Sept. 1,1850, 335,171 -0 per ct. 2.090,418 Sept. 1, 1850, to April 1, 1851, 1,889,901 April 1, 1851, to Sept.l, 1851, 453,863 24 por ct. 2,343.764 Sept. 1, 1851, to April 1, 1852, 2,330,937 April 1, 1852, to Sept. 1, 1832, 702,276 30 per ot. 3,033,213 Sept. 1, 1852, to April 1, 1853, 4,755,975 Taking the above receipts from Ist April to Sept. Ist, of each of the six years, it will give an average of 450.000 bales, which (on the suppo sition that they will not be less this year.) being added to the quantity already received to Ist April, say 2,760,000, give a probable total crop of 3.240,000. Referring again to the foregoing statistics, it will be perceived that the per cent age of the receipts of the different crops in each year from Ist of April to Ist Sent, on the receipts to Ist of April, has never in any one instance been less than 20 per cent and as high as 30 per cent, and forming an average of 25 per cent, for the six years. If the lowest rate, 20 per cent be a'lowed on the receipts of this year to Ist April, say on 2.760.000 bales, it will give 552,- 000 bales yet to be received to Ist Sept., and sum up a tot’l crop of 3,300,000 bales. That these estimates of the crop are likely to be cor rectjmavbe inferred from the fact, that through a range of six crops from 1846 to 1852, of short crops and large crops, the per centage ot the receipts from Ist April to Ist Sept, on the pre vious receipts to Ist April, has in only one in stance been as low as 20 per cent, and that there fore they are five to one in iavor of its being higher. Another fact to be observed is, that the per centage of the receipts from Ist April to Ist Sept, on the previous receipts of the crops to Ist April, seem invariably to be greater on the lar ger crops ; thus for the short crops of 1846 and 1849, it is as low as 18 and 16 per cent.—and on the lar e crops of 1847 and 1851, it is as high as 24 and 30 per cent. The present crop being a large one. it is but reasonable to infer that it would follow the same law,and that the receipts for the remainder of the year to Ist September. | cannot be less than 20 per cent, and the crop be | under 3,300,000 bales. | It has been said that the great excess of the ■ crop of this year over the last to Ist of April. I say 435.000 bales, is no indication ot a material j excess in the total crop, but that it arises from I greater facilities of transport this year than the last. The same reasoning, under similar circum stances, was urged as to the crop of 1848 to 1849. The receipts to Ist April exceeded those of the previous year 408,000 bales. From the Ist April to Ist Sept, they amounted to 550,000 bales, and ended in a final excess of 400,000 bales. I showing the fallacy of any such reasoning. The i total crop is not likely, therefore, to be less than ! from 3.250,000 to 3,300,000 bales. With these estimates of the total crop,are pres- ; ent prices legitimate from a comparison of de mand and supply, or are they too much of a spe culative character? Great as is the increased production, still the consumption moves on an equally gigantic scale—and with this striking difference in favor of the latter gaining on the former. that the increase is on whole con sumption, in every branch, while the increase in the production is altogether from but one source, the United States. The demand, there fore, will go on steadily to enlarge, and increase the rate of prices. The supply may increase in an equal ratio, but is precarious, and may this coming crop fail to such an extent as to run up prices to an extravagant height ? The crop of the United States for 1849-’SO, fell short of the previous crop of 650,000 bales: a striking in stance how uncertain is the reliance unon the I supply. The consumption of Europe alone last year was 3,077,000 bales, an excess over the previous year ot 459,000 bales. Money is abundant, manufacturing interests reaping hand some profits, peace and prosperity prevailing, what is there to prevent a steady continued in crease in consumption, and a higher scale of ) prices? ■ The Grinnell Expedition. We see it stated that the new Arctic Expe- ■ ditionof Dr. Kane is insufficiently provided with j the means of making the proposed cruise all that I is desired. This we believe to be a mistake. I We had the pleasure, yesterday, of visiting and I examining the vessel in which Dr. Kane goes, ' the brig Advance, in company with Mr. Grin- i nell, the munificent patron of the undertaking. We derived no such impression from him. On j the contrary, we learned that the preparations i for the expedition were going on rapidly, and that the vessel was already provided with stores fortwo-and-a-half years, while it was contem plated that she would not be absent more than one winter, or about fifteen or sixteen mo .ths. Dr. Kane has just returned from Washington, where he has been endeavoring to cbtain some aid from the Navy Department in the matter of seamen. But while the members of the Administra tion generally, and JMr. Dobbin in particular, enter cordially into Dr. Kane’s plans and ob jects, and manifested the greatest alacrity to do all in their power to facilitate them, they dis cover a lack in the action of Congress that pre vents the department from doing all that is de sired. Still no real hinderance to the expedi tion arises from this or any other cause. The liberal donation of ten thousand dollars from Mr. Peabody, goes a great way in the aid of the enterprise, and with what Mr. Grinnell and other friends are ready to do, there is no danger of its suffering either from delay or incomplete ness. The “Advance” has had her cabin ac commodations enlarged and refitted, and has al readv a considerable portion of her stores on boaril, consisting of pemican, meat-biscuit, dried and ground potato, and other concentrated preparations of food. The pemican is beef steaks dried thoroughly in an oven till it is re duced to a fourth or sixth of its natural weight, and then imbedded in lard. The meat-biscuit is made of ordinary flour mixed with the liquid derived from beef boiled till all its nutritive qualities are extracted. — These are articles simple in the preparation, but admirably suited to the purposes for which they are designed. It is the expectation now of Dr. Kane and Mr. Grinnell, that the “ Advance” will be ready for sea by Ist of May. We have aTready, on a previous occasion, described pr. Kanes’ plan of proceedings, and the route he proposes to take. Among more portable modes of conveyance that he carries on board, for use in the Arctic regions, is a basket boat, made of French willow, and covered with india rubber. It weighs but sixty-five pounds, and is scarcely more than ton fleet in length. A trial was made yesterday of its capacity, and one man trans ported in it a cargo of nine hundred pounds weight across the harbor to Brooklyn. We are not certain that this experiment may not lead to the building of basket clippers. They could not up with small expense at short notice, anefifheij flexibility would enablejthem to bend over the rolling wayeji Jjkf a sea serpent.— N. y. Tribune. Subers’ Thread.—Austrian papers state that a merchant of Vienna has lately presented to the Industrial JLlnion of that capital the de tails of a series of experiments made by him to manufacture spiders’ thread into woven tissues. The thread is wound on a reel, and two dozen spiders produce in six minutes a beautiful and deijeato thread, two thousand feet in length. The stuffs manufactured are spoken of as being far superior to those pf sill: jn beauty and deli cacy of fabric.— Scientific Jlmerimn. I'scorupfioni or Editors and Rki-orters.— A bill has been introduced into the Senate of New Xork for the protection ol tips class ol suf ferers, who are often subjected to great peraecii tion by actions for libel, brought against them by gentlemen who find more “truth than poet ry” in the newspapers. The bill is to the fol lowing effect: “ No rejiorter, editor, or proprietor of any news paper shall be liable to any action or persecu tion, civil or criminal, for a fair and true report in such newspaper of any judicial, legislative, or other public official proceedings, of any state merit, ajieech, argument, or debate in the course ol tlie same, except upon actual proof of malice in making such report, which shall in no case be implied from the fact of the publication.” AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 27, 1853. |Front the Savannah Georgian. Iftlh ins/.| Railroad from Griffin, Ga. Io Decatur, Ala. Considerable interest seems to have lately grown up in the counties of Spalding, Fayette, Coweta, and Carroll, in favor of a railroad from Griffin, Ga., to Decatur, Ala. The proceedings ol a mooting on the subject, held in Carrol, have already appeared in our columns. We find in the Griffin Jeffersonian calls for similar meetings in Spalding and Fayette. That the proposed road is an important one not only to the portions of Georgia and Alabama ■hroiigh which its track will lie, but to the m e rests of the Central and of the Macon and West ern Roads, cannot be doubted. Ihe interest ol Savannah in the enterprise is direct and palpable From Griffin to Decatur the distance, by a rail road with not more than the usual variations from a sight line, is about 175 miles—7o ol which will probably be in Georgia. Ihe dis tance from Savannah to Griffin is 249. Add to this 175, and we have the approximate distance between Savannah and Decatur —424 miles. Decatur, as our readers know, is in North Ala bama, in the very heart of the Tennessee valley —one of the most productive sections ot the Union. Its annual yield of cotton is not much less than a hundred thousand bales —nearly the « hole of which, it is believed., would reach this city, over the Griffin and Decatur Railroad. How much would be contributed by the coun ties lying between the Tennessee valley and the Georgia line, we have no meansof estimating- We believe that nearly or quite the wholeof that section, was held by tho Indians until 1837. II so—cut off as it has been from railroad and na vigation facilities —its resources are probably not in a forward state of development. But the freight which the vicinity ol Decatur and the country through which it is to run, would furnish this road, is but a very small por tion of that which must find its way over it. Decatur is on the Memphis and Charleston road., —a road which, we learn from the report oMts President and Engineer, (received yesterday.) is proceeding most auspiciously to its comple tion. Between Memphis and Decatur lie neai two hundred miles of this road. The amount ol produce which must come from Memphis, and the points this side of Memphis, in the States o' Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama, to Decatur. on its way to the Atlantic cannot easily be esti mated. That produce, on reaching Decatur, must come to Savannah over the Decatur and Griffin road, as will be seen from the following figures: From Decatur to Savannah by the proposed road, we have estimated the distance at 424 miles. From Decatur to Savannah by Memphis and Charleston road, extended as it is proposed that it shall be to Chattanooga, the dis tance is about 560 miles—making the difference in favor of the direct route to Griffin a large fraction over 100 miles : a fraction which must be increased when the comparison is made with reference to Charleston. So much (very hurriedly) by wav of introdu cing this subject to our readers, and in connec tion with the proceedings of the Carroll meeting, published some days since. We shall very fre quently have occasion to refer to it hereafter. The following letter, which appears in the Griffin Jeffersonian, we give as an appendage to what w.e have written : Decatur, Ala., 26th March, 1853. William Cline, Esq., Griffin, Ga., Dear Sir:—As I have been anxious to open a correspondence with Georgia on the subject ot the contemplated Railroad from this point to Griffin, your name has been suggested to me by Gen. E. R. Mills, as a gentleman who feels somewhat interested in carrying out this most desirable and profitable Road, and feeling assur ed. that the interests of this point and Griffin are identical in the project, and both deeply inter ested, I trust this will be a sufficient excuse for my troubling you on such a “ slight” acquaint ance. My object is to bring this project to a point, so as to have an organized body of some sort, to correspond and co-operate at both ends of the line. Much has yet to be done, and that in an effective manner, soon. The route ought to be surveyed certainly this summer. Charters must be obtained, a delegation by all mears should attend the great Commercial Convention, to be held in Memphis, on the Ist Monday in June, from Alabama and Georgia, especially to attend to the interests of this road. We propose here to have a meeting in May. to appoint delegates, and will our friends of Georgia second this movement ? Speaking men ought to be sent from your section, and this would do much to turn the attention of capital ists to it. I have no doubt you are well inform ed upon the subject of the proposed route, and, indeed, it needs only’ to be pointed out upon the map to show itself to be the most important link of contemplated reads in the southern country and profitable beyond all controversy as an in vestment. The road will run through about forty miles of the public lands in Alabama. It is contempla ted that Congress will readily grant As lands to the same extent, as they do to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, which at S2A per acre, would yield about 5400.000. There is a strong proba bility that Alabama wil], at the next session ol the Legislatuie, do something for this route, be cause it opens upon the most direct communica- , tic-n from North Alabama so Mol.ifo Bay, a®;*' public sentiment in the State is very much injf favor of having a law enacted the same as Ten-’ nessee, granting 88,000 per mile for railroad im provements. The Road will run over about 36 miles of the Selma Railroad in Alabama; thus Alabama will have to build but 65 or 70 miles only. Morgan and Marshall counties will stand a tax of 8200,- 000, and although the Road runs through a poor section of the country for some distance, you per ceive the project is far from being “ hopeless” as to capital: but I maintain that if Georgia had to build every foot of the Road, it would be the best investment she ever made in Railroads, and would yield her a golden harvest. [From the N. O. Picayune, 11 th inst.] New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Rail road. We published, yesterday morning, a very in teresting report of a meeting of the stockholders of this company, held on the 11th inst. The President of the company, James Robb, Esq., submitted the first annual reportofthe President and Directors, together with the report of the Chief Engineer of the southern division of the road,both of which documents are to be publish ed, and will be looked for with much interest. From the balance sheet of the company’s books, we learn that on the 31st ult. the dis bursements and liabilities cd the company amounted to $254,424 33; its receipts and dues to 8341.808 58. the cash balance on hand being $87,384 25. Os the dues SIOO,OOO are bills pay able, issued for loan, secured by pledge of the real estate tax for 1853, which, by the act of in corporation, the company is empowered to make. The statement of subscription to the capital stock of the company presents some interesting particulars. The total capital of this company, as fixed by their charter just adopted by the Legislature, is $8,000,000. To this there have been subscribed by the city of New Orleans, in its corporate capacity, $2,000,000. and by in dividuals of the city $617,750, making a total of $2,617,750 ; which, less $159,225, reduction under the railroad tax law, leaves the pre sent aggregate subscription. pubile and private, of New Orleans at $2,458,525 The amountsub scribed by contractors is estimated at $200,000. which, together with the subscription of Mon roe, Madison, Attala, Hinds and Copiah counties of Mississippi, and of the Canton and Jackson Railroad, raises the present total amount sub scribed to the capital stock of this company to $3,376,125. If the State subscribes to the full extent of the constitutional limit, the capital of the company will be further increased from this source $1,600,000 which subscription would only be payable annually in the proportion of one fifth of the installments paid in. The total amount of the capital which had been “ called” at the date of the report, was $.359,142 50. I addition to this sum there is due for 1853, exclusive of State aid, $676.874 58, and inclus veof the estimated State subscription, $935,878,85. Subsequently tp the present year the subscriptions already made, and exclusive of the supposed State aid, fall due as follows: In 1854, $618,625 83; in 1855, $581,692 08; in 1856. $403,123 33 ; in 1857, 8339.333 34; u> 1859. $333,333 31 : and after 1858, $58,000 from, Madison county, Miss. The subscription by the State, whatever may be the amount, can only be paid to the company in the same proportion as the remainder of the capital shall be actually paid in by the stockholders. The above facts exhibit the operations, affairs and prospects of this company in q mpst encour aging light. Thp interests of thp companies of the three projected railroads are not only the interests ot the stockholders and of New Orleans and Louisiana, but they are the interests of eve ry individual resident of the city and State. Georgia Wine.—Last week on our way from Sparta to Milledgeville, whilst the stage was waiting for the Mail at a new Post Office called Alta Misa, Mrs. Beck, the wife of the post mastey, sapj: put to the passengers some of the beat wine "we ever tafete<|. Mr. Beck in formed us that he had made about 300 gal lons ol such wine the last year from the Devereaux Grape. If such wine can be made from the Devereaux grape, the cultivation of that grape is worthy of the attention of all our planters aqd hofticulturists. There is no necessity for importing wine lyiien it can be made at home of such a quality as that made by Mr. Beck. Wherever wine is cheap and extensively used,a drunkard is scarcely known; gqod and cheap wine would banish the use ot alcoholic liqurs frqip tlje country.-lWeraZ Union., HOth inst . Tho Thacher family, in Massachusetts, have caused to be manufactured in Boston a perfect lac simile of Blinker Hill Monument in silver, about fifteen inches in height, tq lie handed down as an heir-loom in memory qf their an cestor, Nathaniel Thacher, a direct descendant <4 m;e of the first Puritan settlers, and a revolu tionary officer. The proceeds of q lapd-warrant granted to his heirs furnished the funds. On (rood Friday the patriarch of the Indies presented for adoration to the Queen and King ol Spain, one of the nails that served to Ijx the Redeemer to the cross, and which is preserved in a splendid gold relig-case. [From the N. (J. Picayune, L6lh rns/.J From Mexico. The brig American, arrived yesterday from Vera Cruz, brought $49,000 in silver. By her we have received files of the Siglo Diez y Nueve El Instructor del Puebla and Le Trait d’Union’ to the 2d inst., and Vera Cruz papers to the Sth Iroiri which we translate the following items : 1 lie news ot Gen. Santa Anna’s arrival at Vera Cruz was received by telegraph on the Ist in Mexico, and was celebrated by the firing of cannon, ringing of bells and other demonstrations of joy. At Vera Cruz he was entertained with a banquet on the 3d inst., by the municipality, at which he was toasted and extolled in the most extravagant manner. Gen. Woll capped the climax by classing him with Aleibiades and Cincinnatus. It is a little remarkable that in ail the speeches reported, where nearly all Santa Anna's life is lauded, there is not one allusion to the American war. Santa Anna gave but one toast, as follows: Under the shadow' of the Mexican flag may there one cry : Independence or death.” The Eco del Comercioof the sth. states thdt he was to leave next day. The triumphal arch erected in his honor bore the following inscrip tion : “ Liberty, peace and order. Independence, authority, concord.” The Mexican papers are already beginning to construct Cabinets for Santa Anna, and show almost as much facility in this matter asourown papers did a short time since. The latest, as given by the Libertador of Puebla, is as follows: Don Jose Maria Tomei, Foreign Affairs; Jose Ramon Pacheco, Justice; Antonio de Haro y I'amariz, Treasury ; Gen. Lombardini, War. The Marquis of Rivera, the new Spanish Minister, arrived at Vera Cruz on the same steamer with Santa Anna. Gen. Estaboli had arrived at Vera Cruz as ■ommissioner from the State of Oajaca to wel come Santa Arma. • The Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs ad dressed a note of thanks on the 30th ult., to Se nores Tornel and Castillo Lanzas, for the tact and ability they had displayed in arranging the neutrality treaty with Judge Conkling, and ad vising them that the same had been ratified by •the President. The new plan for the reorganization of the army is said to be completed. Mr. Falconnet had been arrested under the accusation of bribery and malfeasance in remit ting the fragments received by him from the treasury for account of the English creditors The creditors now demand the $60,000 which he says he paid as bribes. The charge of bribery is now said to be well founded, but that it was not deputies that were purchased, but high offi cials, one of whom is said to have received $32,- 000 for his share. The allusion is evidently to Gen. Arista. The papers call upon him to come forward and explain. Letters from Mazatlan of the 21 st March, con firm the rumor of a projected invasion of Sonora by the Count Raousset, who is said to have raised a body of more than 1,000 men. Senor Traconis has been named by the Gov ernment to take command of the troops in Sono ra to meet him. The civil war in Oajaca had involved the State of Chiapas also, and blood has been shed. The Indians were defeated by some troops from the latter State. Advices received in Mexico from H’vre, state that the keel of one ship for Vanauld's new line of steamers to Vera Cruz had been laid. A pro ject is on foot for a Mexican mail steamship line on the west coast. Indian Conflicts in California. The Indians have committed so many depre dations in the north of late, that the people are enraged against them, and are ready to knife them, shoot them, or innoculate them with the small pox—all of which have been done. Some time since the Indians in Colusa county destroyed about $5,000 worth of stock belonging to Messrs. Thornes and Toombs; since which time they have had two men employed at SIOO per month to hunt down and kill the Dig gers, like other beasts of prey. On Friday, the 25th ultimo, one oi these men, named John Breckenridge, was alone, armed only with a bowie knife, when he met with four Indians, and attacked them They told him to leave, and commenced shooting arrows at him; but, undaunted, he continued to advance, and succeed ed in killing one, and taking one prisoner, while : the other two escaped. He immediately pro- [ ceeded to Moon’s Ranch,where the captured In dian was hupg by the citizens. On Friday, the 25th of February, stock was ; stolen from Mr. Carter, of Butte county, to the value of $3,000. Mr. Carter went forthwith to the camp of the well-known stage proprietors, Messrs. Hall and Crandall, and thence started with a party of twelve men in search of the In dian depredators. After a fruitless search in the vicinity ofPine and Deer Creeks, the party be came impatient, and dispersed on Sunday even ing. Returning home, one detachment of the party discovered a half breed by the name of Battedoa, and took him prisoner. The man, fearing for his own life, agreed to show the cave where the Indians were concealed, if they would /release him. Notice was sent .round, and the J-coplq agjin at Oak<Grovc on Mnn- Inayjfrom wnich place they started at midnight lor the cave. Arriving there at early daylight on Tuesday morning, rocks were rolled into the cave, and the wretched inmates rushing out for safety, met danger a thousand times more dreadful. The first one that made his appearance was shot by Capt. Geo. Rose, and the others met the same fate frofn the rifles of the Americans. Altogeth er, there were thirteen killed; three chiefs of different rancherias, and three women. Three children and five women were spared ; and it is but doing justice to say that the women who were killed were placed in front as a breast work, and killed either by accident or mistake. Capt. Rose took one child, Mr. Lattimer anoth’ er, and the others were disposed of in the same charitable manner among the party.—Sacramen to [Cal] Union. Outrage on the Ship Harriot. A correspondent ot the New Y'ork Express furnishes a copy of the statem p nt of Captain Otis, of the ship Harriet, of Bath, Me., made under oath before the United States Consul at Havana:— “ On the 6th day of April, A. D. 1853. person, ally came and appeared, James Otis, master of the ship Harriet, of Bath, (Maine) and made the following statement, (which he would have made on the day said ship was entered in the Consulate of the United States, but I, the said master, saw that the Consul was busy investi gatin'a case against srnne sailors,) to wit: Qn the 31st of March last, being hbout 30 miles to the Westward ot tne Double Headed Shot Keys, early in the morning,! saw a steamer and a her maphrodite brig about seven or eight miles to the Northward of me; the steamer was running a different course; but after a short time she commenced to steer about the same course I was < After an hour or an hour and a half. I saw that she made sail. An hour after that she fired a shot, which I saw strike in the water right in 'be range of us. I then ordered our colors set, i but before the colors were up she fired again. We then took in sail and hove to. 1 “ After the steamer got within a mile of us, we saw that she had English colors flying. She then soon came up and hailed us, and asked where we were from and where bound. I told them we were from Savannah bound to Hava na. Some officer on board then said he was ’ going to send a boat on board of us. Soon after the boat came with two officers in her. I was 1 in my cabin. The mate came in and said the officers wanted to see me. I went out, and they 1 said they wanted to take a look around the ves- 1 sei. I told them they had taken the liberty to 1 stop me on my way. and I supposed ’hey would 1 do as they had a mind to. I asked if anything ’ new had taken place that they were cruising and ' stopping a vessel on her lawful voyage. They 1 said they were cruising tp see that ihejr 1 treaty was not infringed. After they had searched the vessel all around the house forward, 1 and looking down tho hatches, they asked me 1 for the ship’s papers ; I allowed them to see them- ' but observed I did not know what right they 1 had to demand them. Afterward one of the qf- 1 fleers went, down between decks, and lastly ' went Uieiv left us. I was detain- ' ed about one hour and a half. James Otis. The same correspondent furnishes the follow- I ing relative to the Manchester: ' About the first day of the month, the Ameri- 1 can Consul, Judge Sharkey, received at the 1 hands of a Spanish pilot an order from the cap- ’ tain of the Manchester to, pay the bearer $35 for pilotage. The order yas unwarranted and un- I usual, and no attention was paid to it; bnt the 1 master never meant that the pilotage shoqld hp 1 paid, and by ths) hqpds of the samp pilot enciospd 1 the following letter, sealed, to the consul; which 1 represents the affair in a very different light < from the publication made in the United States. '• The American captain—not a Yankee this time < —readily outwitted the Spaniard, as will be > seen by hisown letter, which is as Island of Cvsa, March 15, 1853. ‘ fjiu :—Not having the pleasure of knowing * your name, I take the advantage of addressing 1 you on account of the schooner Manchester, of and belonging to Baltimore. The case is ’ as follows : On the morning of the Iflth inst., J through the lightness of the wind, the qiyrent * drove the yessgl op shore bn the lluena Vista • shoal. When in the act ol heaving the vessel < off, the Spanish cruiser sent her boat to our ' assistance. After getting the vessel off, they I took us to an anchor off the schooner, and then sent and broke out a great portion of pargo, < under sqppicipp of having arms, Ac. But ' finding none, they replaced the cargo,' sent a j pilot on board to conduct in clear, the cruiser ’ being in company, after having had the mas- 1 ter on board. Inspected the paper?, qnd (bund them qnd everything all right. The pilot now I demanded the sum of $35 as q compensation, < which I think to be a great imposition, and <(o * not mean to pay. I have given him qn order on you, as 1 have po ability with me, as I did < not want the pilot; and tbqt is the reasop of I my declining paympnt. . ’ Sir,—Please pot tppaV TlW' » 8 ls : not '. correct, and mv own name is not on the opder. > Yours, Ac., &c., ] Isaac Stkklinu, Master, J, B. Smith, Mate. i [Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.) A Baltimorean Among tho Orientals. Baltimore, April 11, 1853. In our last communication we made some re marks about the Mahomedan religion. In Tur key, as in every other country whose religion is a nationality, those occupying an humble posi tion in life are much more enthusiastic in their religious devotions than others, who, by being in a more exalted position, peculiarly or politically, have their minds vitiated by luxury or the strife for high places. Yet are the latter far from lacking in respect for, or obedience to, the requirements of their creed. The highest dignitaries of the land, not excepting the Sultan himself, scarcely ever allow the sun to perform his diurnal circuit through the heavens without prostrating them selves before the throne of Allah. Friday is the Mahomedan Sabbath ; on that day the rnosques are open and their matted floors covered with the kneeling and cross-legged faithful. The women are permitted to worship in the mosques but are compelled to form themselves into a dis tinct group somewhat remote from the men. Frequently no one acts in the capacity of preacher, each worshipper with his face turned towards the “ Holy City,” serving the Most High in any manner that corresponds with his individual inclination. It is a very novel sight to see a large number of Musselmen engaged in their peculiar devotions. Whilst some are kneel ing with their eyes turned Heavenward, others are standing erect, their arms crossed over their breasts, whilst others still are so humbly prostra ted that their foreheads touch thn floor ; all mut tering their prayers, and these different postures accord with the strength and fervency of the dif ferent passages in the prayers Every one who enters the mosques must take off his shoes at the door, and put on slippers.— This rule is imperative. To provide for its ob servance, you must have slippers of your own; your “ Cavasse.” or servant making the change for you and taking charge of you shoes until your return. Franks cannot gain admittance into the mos ques without the procurement of a firman or permit from the Sultan. It is also necessary to have a cavasse of the Porte, who acts in the double capacity of guide and guard, and whose presence testifies to the Turks that their worthy sovereign has granted you the privilege of tra versing their holy sanctuaries. With these ac companiment’, you need not be under any ap prehension of being interfered with by even the most fanatical. Strangers obtain the firman, through the agen cy of their respective Legations; and, when in tended to go through the mosques, form a party of about a dozen. On the occasion of our visit, we enjoyed the pleasure of Bayard Taylor’s com pany. Taylor had just returned from his exten sive travels in Africa, from whence he has writ ten so many interesting letters to the New York Tribune. His friend Harrison, who journeyed with him, was also one of our party. These gentlemen travelled through the East in full oriental costume, and, speaking a little Arabic, at the same time having suitable personal ap pearances, passed muster as very good Mussel men. H. was still wearing his when with us. One day. whilst at Constantinople, he at tempted to enter a mosque without a firman. He was flushed with confidence, inasmuch as he had. clad in his eastern guise, with his flow ing beard and smattering of Arabic,succeeded in accomplishing what very few Europeans ever have accomplished,namely : a pilgrimage to Mec ca, kneeling and muttering his prayers with the most faithful and devout. It so happened that a Turk recognized him as a gentleman whom he had observed holding a very animated con versation a day or two previous, in good -Anglo- Saxon, with our Charge ; and knowing that none of his countrymen could perform such a miracle as that, he made his way toward H with no very amiable expression on his counte nance. Our friend observing his advance, con cluded that discretion was the better part of va lor, and beat a retreat, making good his escape ffom the vicinity of the mosqqe ere the virtH oU ? indignation occasioned by his intiusion had gath ered into a storm It is superfluous, I think, to give my readers a description of the mosques. Those noble mqs lem temples, that constitute the chief features in the beautiful tableau that old Stamboul presents to the greedy eyes of the voyager as he rounds the Golden Horn, have been so frequently and so well described by others more competent to the task than myself- Who has not read of St. Sophia, with it? im mense dome, that appears to be suspended in the heavens; of its columns of many-hued marbles, and its ceilings of mosaic? Once the pride of the Christian world, it still, though stripped of much of its ancient grandeur, stands the ac knowledged wonder of the Mahomedan. It is not my province to speak of matters with which,it is presumed,al most every one is familiar, but merely those which, from their apparent in significance,or from some other cause best known to themselves, others have neglected to mention —knowing that these subordinate matters ex emplify as much as any other, the peculiar char aeteristies of the people among whom they exist. Whilst in St. Sophia let us pause for a mo ment and look up into its gallery. What see we? An innumerable quantity of boxes, of packages, and every conceivable utensil of value; piles of money, diamonds, &c. What does it all mean ? The house of prayer is assuredly not to be converted into a place of barter ? Ivo ; these valuables are merely placed tiie.re for safe keep ing. Their owners, who have gone on a pious pilgrimage to Mecca, have left them thereunder the firm conviction that no sacrilegious hand will harm them during their absence. I'here they are doubly safe, as they are neither exposed to the dangers of fjre, nor is it possible that a moslem would commit any act of dishonesty within the sacred precincts of a sanctuary dedi cated to Allah and the prophet. The Sultan going to or returning from mosque affords one of the most interesting as well as im pressing spectacles to be witnessed in the Turk ish capital, He is, if on land, mounted on a magnificent and richly caparisoned Arab charger. Two or more riderless horses follow in his wake, each with superb trappings, and like the horse on which he rides, led by formidable looking grooms. The military body guard of his majesty and sometimes a few high dignitaries, the latter in the saddle, form a part of the brilliant proces sion that attends his royal highness oju such occasions. On the Bosphorus he glides in a highly wrought caiyuc propelled by sixteen caiquejees, who, with a long admittance oust sweep of the oars, fairly make his barge fly I through the waters. The one which he occu pies, in which, cross-legged, he sits under a royal canopy, is preceded by two others,who go before to herald the approach of the “ Ruler of the Uni verse? and to intimate to all the boats scattered over the Bosphorus that his sublimity must have a wide margin to move in. “ The sound of the church-going bell,” is heard in Constantinople proper, the hour of wor ship and of prayer being announced from the minarets and the muezaim, whose prolonged cry of La-allah; illah-allah Mahomed resoul allah, (there is but one God, and Mahomet is his pro phet.) especially as it falls upon the silence of eve, has a truly singular effect. As among all religious sects, there are some whose peculiar rites distinguish them as a dis tinct division ofthe body ecclesiastical, so among the Mahomedans there are those, who, holding the same tenets in the main as their brethren, vet whose still more singular mode ol worship constitute them a separate people. I have refer ence to the howling Dervishes of Scutari, and the whirling Dervishes of Pera. It would ho impossible for pen and ink to give an Idea of the wild antics, and the still wilder gutural sounds that characterise the religious exercises of the {ormer, or the rigid countenances and peculiar rotarv motions of the latter. Each sect performs once a week- The first part of the ceremonies ol the howling liervjshes is quiet enough, principally consisting in prayer, and an embracing o,f each other and their vener able Patriarchs, who occupy a position in the Upper part of tho room, corresponding with the direction of Mecca. But the excitement and fervor grow apace; a deep sepulchral howlsocp becomes conspicuous in the <'jacula,tfeu4; a, ! ■ phrenz.ied expression sets upon tfleir countenan ces ; they walk witl; hflrrsed step, and among ' each other 'ft runny a giddy maze; wilder be come the howls, wilder the visages, more rapid the devious pace; club-shaped instruments,with bulbous ends, set with iron points, are wielded | high in the air and brought down with great ap parent force poop their bodies; sharp swords are driven into"'them by cudgels’ heavy blows, the pointe of heavy iron, weapons are placed upon the eye and twirled upon that delicate : organ. At length, after the excitement has I attained the highest pityh, the cries ha.ve be come like those p{ the WKB mapiac, their ', motions of unsurpassable yfejeace, apd their, blood, rflade to flow by self-inflicting hands, has , crimsoned their bodies, they are carried out , fainting and exhausted, from the scene of their | religious zeal. j •It is said that in the Barbary States,in. certain I. seasons, these Dervishes; 'fleflotyie so,’ furious in , the midst of their peculiar performances that , tfiey rush out info the streets with the instru- , ments of torture in their hands, and wo betide j the unfortunate son of Israel who then happens 1| to cross their path; he woqlfl almost certainly i, fall a victim to their wild fanaticism. The whirling lavishes are more peaceable. , Commencing their religious rites in the same | s manner as their howling neighbors, they con- , tinue them by a steady whirling motion, with | their arms extended and their eyes cast down- ; Ward. 11 With their heads surmounted by sugar-loaf, . brimless hats, and their lopso sKirt-s, whose low- ] er margin, in the act, describes a perfect circle , round, rpund they go, unceasingly for hours. t ; Women are not allowed to participate in the , ceremonies of either the howling or the whir- ; ling Dervishes- the mosque of the latter ( were, t say nrr<. f° r since our visit to it the mos- I que has been destroyed by fire, latticed windows I in the walls through which Turkish females peeped at their rotating masculine lords. 1 would here remark that the undue zeal , s manifested by these strange sects is condemned ‘ VOL. 32 -NEW SERIES -VOL-B.—NO. 12. by the mass of Mahomedana, and 1 would also do them justice by saying that many of their _ venerable and patriarchal members are men of ”” great learning and research. J. E. P. B. Ancient Tyre. We parted from Kanta an hour before day , break, and ascended several barren and rocky .’ hills, stretching into the sea. From the sum mit of the last and most elevated of these as cents, Tyre is beheld, appearing at the extre mity of a vast and barren elevation. Between the sea and the last heights of Lebanon, which , here rapidly diminish, extends a naked barren ” plain of about twenty miles in length, and four or five in breadth, of a yellow tint, covered only with thorny shrubs, browsed by the camels e of the caravan on their passage. Tyre is built on a peninsula stretching into the sea. and con (. neefed with the continent by a narrow neck of land covered with a go’den sand, wafted by p the wind from Egypt. This city, at present s called Sour, by the Arabs, is situated at the 3 farthest extrem ty of the above-men'ioned pe ; ninsula, and seems to rise out of the waves. At ' a distance, you would still imagine it to be a new, beautiful white and animated city ; but it is nothing more than a fine shadow, which van s ishes on approaching it. A few hundreds of fal ling houses, in which the Arabs fold large flocks . of sheep, and black g ats, with hanging ears, 5 which defiled before us on the plain, are all that j remain of Tyre 1 She has no longer a port on the , sea, no longer roads upon land : the prophecies respecting her have been long since accomplish- B r We travelled on in silence, occupied by the thoughts of this desolation, and of the dust of an empire which we trod under our feet. Passing g along the paths between the ruins and tho gray . and naked hills of Lebanon, which here descend to the plain, we arrived at the city, now flanked s by a sandbank, which seems its only existing rampart, but which will doubtless, ere long, bury the town under its mass. I thought of the pro . phecies, and endeavored to bring to my recollec , tiqn some of tl.oae eloquent warnings with | which the divine spirit inspired Ezekiel. I could not recall the words, but I discovered tne . meaning in the deplorable waste before my r e y es - ( I had now before me the “ black” Lebanon ; , but I said to inyself, my imagination has de ceived me ; I see neither the eagles nor the vultures which, according to the prophecies, were to descend unceasingly from the moun tains to despoil even the remains of the city, accursed of God, and the enemy of his people. At the moment I made these reflections, some thing huge, grotesque, and motionless, appeared at our left, on the summit of a pointed rock, which advanced into the plain not far distant, close to the route of the caravans ; it looked to me like five statues of black stone, placed on the rock as on a pedestal ; but from certain motions, almost imperceptible, of these colossa l figures, we fancied, on approaching neai'er, that they were five Bedouin Arabs clothed in their sacks of black goats hqir, who were looking at us as we passed. When, however, we came at a distance of fifty paces from the rock, we saw one of the five figures display an immense pair of wings, which flapped with a noise resembling that of a sail shaking in the breeze, and it naw be came clear that the figures were those of five eagles, of the largest kind I have ever seen in the Alps or menageries of our cities. They did not take flight, hut remained unmoved at our approach. Seated like kings of the de«ert. they seemed to regard Tyre as their proper prey. I could not cease from contemplating this . prophecy in action—this wonderful fulfilment of the divine menaces, of which chance had rendered us witnesses. Never bad anything more supernatural struck my e 'es or ri vetted my mind; and it required an effort of reason, not to see behind these five gigantic eagles, the great and terrible figure o f the poet of vengeance—ofEzekial—rising above them, qnd pointing out to them, with eye and uqnd, the ; city which God had giver, to them, for a prey. 1 I now foqnd that my poetical imagination ' had exhibited to me the eagles ot Tyre less faith- , fully, less impressively, Jess superijaturaHy than I 1 the fact warranted.. We arrived at noon, after a march of seven hours, in the midst of the plain of Tyre, at a 1 place called the wells of Solomon. All travel- ' lers have described these wells; they consist of 1 three reservoirs of limpid, running Y,’qtos, which j issue, as it were, by enchqrittoypt, from a low, 1 dry, and barrqq s,ot|. qt the distance of two ' mile? from Tyry. Each of these reservoir?, ' raised artificially about twenty feet atowe the ' level of the plain.is full to the brim, and is in- 1 deed continually running over. The excess of the flqid is employed to turn the wheels of 1 mills, and the wafer is conveyed io Tyre by aqueducts, half ancient, hall modern, which have a beautiful effect, seen on the horizon. Ik is said that Solomon ordered these wells to. be mqde, to recompense Tyre and its King Hiram for the services he had received ftorp that mon arch’s navy and its qrtists, during the building of the Temple. These immense wells are each frarp seventy to eighty feet in circumference ; their depth is unknown, and indeed is s iid to be bottomless. No nnc ba» ever been able to learn by what mysterious channels the waters from the tains arrive, and there is at least everjj reason to believe that they are immensg Artesian wells, constructed thousands qf years before their dis covery by t'qj moderns.— Lamartine’s Pilgrim- Heroic Conduct as ; a G;irl. In the night of the Ilth of August last, during a violent thunderstorm, cries of distress were heard under the walls of the ruined chateau of Gaillac, (Lot,) then inhabited by three rustic families. The cries were, “ Help, help I my wife is murdered ; I am a lost man ; it is Albarel that is killing us.” Albarel was one of the inhabi tants of the chateau, and was the terror of the district. The voice of distress was that of another of the mmates, named Fan, who, with his wife, had been prevented from coming home till late by the violence of the storm. The third family living in the chateau consisted of a man and his wife named Barthe, and their daughter Victorine, a girl scarcely turned thirteen years qfl age. At the sound of the dreaded name w Albarel, who that morning only had, threatened to strike Victorine’s mother, Uasthe and his wife were struck dumb, with terror, but little Victorina jumped-out of bed, rushed to her parent’s cham ber, and exclaimed, 11 Oh, father! tpke, a gun and go out.” Seeing that he hesitated, she added. “If you will not, I will go myself; it shall nev er be said that a man was murdered at opr door , for want of help.” Stimulated Uy this appeal, the father went out, but it was too late. Fan was mortally wounded, and bis wife dead. Meanwhile Victorine hid herself in the corner of a doorway through which Albarel, supposing him to be the murderer, must pass to gain his own lodgings. She presently heard tht> assassin approach with stealthy step. The slightest movement, and her life would have been sacrificed to the fury of a desperate ruffian, armed, and reeking with blood. She remained firm, assured herself of the identity of Albarel, saw him creep into his chamber, and instantly went in search of the officers of jus tice. Upon her evidence Albarel was sentenced to hard labor for life. The Emperor, on hearing of Victorine’s courageous action, sent a watch to the Minister of Justice, and wrote with his own hand upon the envelope enclosing it. “ For , Victorine Barthe, to be presented to he; in a solemn sitting of the Court of Assfees ”■ Pur suant to the Emperor’s de?j;®. a, solemn sitting of the Imperial Coipjt of Cahors was held on February 2”, fest. yictOipnq was conducted by the usher to the witness seat in the centre of the court, and there, in the presence of the prefect ol the de partment, fell bench of judges, the assize jury, and a large assemblage ol the gentry of the de partment, the watch was presented to her by M. Jolly, the presiding judge. M. Jolly, in the coarse of a lung speech, said that heroism had ip all time been the natural nroduction of tfe- de . partment ol the Lot, and enumerajyd a, fepg list of worthies born in the prc,yi,u.c« from the time '] of the Romans dowhW-af'is, the delivery of this spegfei th? prefect precepted Victorine wit{j a medal, of honor of tU- first class, and a ’ purse of ISOf. on the part ofthe Minister of Jus tice ; and at the conclusion of the ceremony the jury requested that the speeches of the president Jolly and the prefect might bp printed, and that each of them might bp allowed to have a copy. —Frtnch papp;. , Only a Child, “ Who is to be buried here ?” said I to the sex ton. “ Only 5 v'uild, ma’am.” On/; a child I Oh 1 had you ever been a moth , er—had you nightly pillowed that little golden head—had you slept tire sweeter for that little velvet hand upon your breast—had you waited ' for the first intelligent glance from those Wee eyes—had you watched its slumbers,tracing the features of him who stole yoty; girlish heart away—had you wept a widow's tears over its unconscious head. —had your desolate, timid heart gained; courage from that little piping voice , to. wrestle with the jostling crowd for daily bread —had its loving smiles and prgtliag words beep sweet recompense for gufei sad exposure—had the lonely future seen brightened by the hope ol that ymang arm to lean upon, that bright eye for your guiding star —had you never framed a plan or known a hope o; fear, at which,that child , was not part, If thare was naught else on earth left tor you to love—if disease came, and its eye grew dim ; and food, and rest, and sleep, were forgotten in | your anxious fears.-—if you pace the floor hour by hour, with that fragile burden, when your very touch seemed, to give comfort and healing to that little quivering frame—had the star of hope set I at last—then, had yon hung over its dyiag pil- ■ low, whwtbe strong breast yog, should have weps on was in the grave, where-your child was hastening—had you caught alow, ifs last faint cry for the “ hsfyl' you. could not give—had- its 1 last fluttering sigh breathed out on your breast— Oh J coujd-you, have said—'”Tis only, a child?” Fanny Fern. Cossp-mmknts Mianwnawui.. —Says Mr. M 1 (waxing rathpr warm) to Mrs. M., “Facts stubborn tih.fegs.” Says Mrs. M. to V. “ Vh.e'f what a fact you must be 1” ’ Mr. JM., , “My Wife is tho cause of it.” r It is now more than forty years ago that Mr. I L called at the house of Dr. B , one ve ry cold morning, on his way to H . “ Sir.’ said the doctor, “the weather is very frosty— will you not take something to drink before you start ?” In that early day, ardent spirits were deemed indispensable to warmth in the winter. When commencing a journey, and at every stopping place along the road, the traveller always used intoxicating drinks to keep'bim warm. “ No,” said Mr L , “ I never now touch anything of the kind, and I will tell the reason —‘my wife is the cause of it.’ I had been in the habit of meeting some of our neighbors every evening, for the purpose of playing cards. We assembled at each other’s shop, and liquors were introduced. After a while, we met not so much for playing as for drinking, and I used to return home, late in the evening, more or Jess intoxica ted. My wife always met me at the door, affec tionately ; and when I chided her for sitting up so late for me, she kindly replied : “ I prefer doing so, for I cannot sleep when you are ont.” “This always troubled me. I wished in my heart that she would only begin to scold me, for then I could have retorted, and relieved my con science. But she always met me with the same gentle and loving spirit. “ Things passed on thus for some time, when I at once resolved that I would, by remaining very late, and returning much intoxicated, pro voke her displeasure so much as to cause her to lecture me, when I meant to answer her with severity, and thus, by creating another issue be tween us, unburden my bosom of its pent uj> troubles. “ I returned in such a plight about four o’clock in the morning. She met tne at the door with her usual tenderness, and said: “ ‘ Come in, husband, 1 have just been making a warm fire for you. because I knew you would be cold. Take off your boots, and warm your feet, and here is a cup of hot coffee ” “Doctor, that was too much, I could not endure it any longer, and I resolved, from that moment, that I would never touch another drop while I lived, and I never will.” He never did. He lived and died practising total abstinence from all intoxicating drinks, in a village where intemperance has ravaged as much as any other in the State. Magnanimity of Actresses. We find the following interes ing article in the Home Journal: “ Good deeds ought to be known because goodness is so catching; there fore we do not scruple to publish a paragraph from a gossiping note received the other day from a friend who liv € s U p town, and who con verses with us Occasionally through the penny post. Ouf friend is the personal, intimate and professional adviser of both Mrs. Mowatt and Julia Denn : and he thus narrates a beautiful in cidentof which he was himself a party. *• A few days since. Miss Dean speaking of new play*, and new parts, (unconsciously appa rently) said: Oh! bow I wish Mrs. Mowatt, would give me pertnision to play her ‘ Armand,' whi -h you may, perhaps, not know is ‘ copy righted? ‘ but’added she, ‘I can’t expect she would do such a thing, as she keeps it exclusive ly to herself, I replied, ‘the permission is hard ly to be hoped tor? But, knowing the really generous character of Mrs. Mowatt, I told her the circumstance, and she at once promptly and frankly said. ‘my dear P she shall have it with all my heart, if your wish—nay. she is perfectly welcome to it? And she sent by me her care fully marked London edition with a prettily worded permission to Miss Dean to personate the character of Blanche, wherever and. when ever she pleased. “ Miss Dean has accepted the offer most grate fully : and really I think that it is one of the most graceful and distinguished acts of courtesy to q professional rival I know of in theatrical annals ; for not only is it rare for an author to allow his work to be used for the benefit of an other, but in this case a rival actress is per mitted to add to the list of her characters one Mrs. Mowatt has held exclusively for herself, and which has been, in hey hands, exceedingly popular and remunerative.” While we hqva been reading and re-reading this charnxiag incident, we have been think ing over the many instances of striking mag nanimity on the part of eminent actresses that we have been personally cognizant of. There is Miss (toon herself—cradled in adversity, long struggling in laborious obscurity, yet, in the day of triumph, oblivious of former wrongs, but ne ver forgetful of old friends and old favors ; not less beloved in private lite than admir ed upon the stage. Had she been the author ess, sue would have done for Mrs. Mowatt what Mrs. Mowatt has done for her, and with the same frankness and freedom. And there is Fanny Kemble—another name for generosi ty and independence—who threw herself in to the breach of her father’s desperate for tunes, with the gallantry of a hero, and the self-denial of a woman ; and who, yvhen she retired from the stago, gave up to her father the proceeds of her arduous professional labors. • And Miss Cushman, too, the only limit to whose bpuevolence is that which fortune has and whose last act in this country was ona which seemed tho best educational advan tages to a young relative, whom she left has,* hind, and may never see again. And Mrs. whose dairy life accords with the personations of the. noble woman with whom she is identified in the theatre. And Jenny Lind, who was an actress, and all of whose conduct we admire, ex- cepb alone her public repudiation of the dra matic part of her profession, to which she owed her fame and fortune. Madame Sontag, who, when she had already achieved two distinct and brilliant careers—one as the most admired si"ger of her day, and the other as the most admired lady of her court, is now wooing fortune a third time,with undaunt ed front, with greater energy than ever, with powers unimpaired and success unexampled. And then, Mrs. Sidgns, in the old time, did she ever personate a noble matron who was nobler than herself ? era Celeste, who danced a for tune for another to squander; who pantomined a spcwadfcr bankruptcy to swallow up; who acted 4 third for the maintenance of her children ? And why of anothsr well known lady, who, when one of hw children lay dead in the house, arid anothw was dangerously sick, kept her sor rows secret, and played Norma, because the bread of many poor artists would have been jeo parded by the closing of the house ? No one knew, when her usual emotion in the children-scene was producing an unusual effect, that the actress herself was more a h- roine than the fictitious one of the opera ; but such was the fact. These are but a few instances out of many which occurred to us while reading our friend’s note. The annals of the stage coidd furnish a long catalogue of similar deeds. Nor is the great ness of soul confined to the ladies of the dramatic profession. Actors have their little jeafeus.es, their toibles, their faults; but in generosity, in standing by one another in times of trouble, we know not any class of persons who are their equals Virginia Girls. * A correspondent of the Richmond Despatch, writing from Hanover Co.. Virginia, says : I see from the Savannah News,that the Geor gia girls are felling trees and getting shingles. We havq in this county two girls following the same- occupation. I send you a sample of their . workmanship. They gfe six thousand per week by their own hands, at S 4 50 per thousand. They supply the whole demand in that region of country, and many are sold in the Richmond market. They have by dint of industry purchas ed an excellent piano. They are most excellent performers. Their task is six. thousand per week. They shorten their task by working at night in the fishing seas-eo, thereby gaining Sat urday. which th rv devote to pleasure. They go to the Pamunbv feiverand haul the seine, re gardless rd, the depth of water They can dive deeper, stay under longer ami come out dryer than, any other girls in the United States. Now ! set the Georgia gills cut and comq again. Something Curious. “ What a curious trait that is in women—their exaggerated anxiety to see one who has been loved by the man in whom they themselves take an interest.” Well—yes— rather curious; great many curi ous things in this world. Curious your husband will insist upon knowing who gave yon that little gold ringon your third finger! Curious that such an ugly frown comes over his pbjz when he sees those cabalistic marks (in a mascu line hand) in the maigin of your favorite poet. Curious you can’t name your oldest boy “ Ffetan” without telling him your confidential reasons. Curious that, ho makes you change, your seat at a concert fear of a draft, whenever one of ym;r old lovers approaches.. Curious you can ; uever unlock your little writing desk without having his ntarried cm peeping over your should er. Curious he’s always most gracious to the most unintcruting men who visit the house. Curious he’s deap set against your riding ho, se baek when everybody says “you’re just the figure *? r v”, 9 urious he makes his partner take all the little business trius of the firm. Curious he’s averse to your “taking the air,” unless Ac snuffs it too. And marvellously curious and decidedly disagreeable, whenever you ask him for money, hat he s aimays so busy reading the newspapers that he never heard you » Fanny Fern. A correspondent of the Republic mentions that the cierks recently removed from the De partment oi the Interior were notified of their dismissal by printed letters, which he considers an ominous circumstance, indicating an inten tion to carry on a wholesale business. It there is any impropriety in using printed circulars for such a purpose, the responsibility must rest with the lato administration, inasmuch as the identi cal blanks made use of in the Interior Depart »J en V Ve . ,e P r * ll^e d four years ago for the use of Mr. Ewing; and when they were found a few u nCe ’ ? P ro Per regard for economy required that they should no.*,; be thrown away, but be made serviceable. We have not been informed how man'j the Ewing blanks have beeu found, ani | we cannot,therefore, say whether the Supply will equal the demand; but surely no good whig will object to a style of address which was adopted by the Taylor cabinet.—> IFasAing tan Republic,