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About Weekly Georgia constitutionalist and republic. (Augusta, Ga.) 1851-185? | View Entire Issue (May 25, 1853)
'Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.] J Baltimore. May 8, 1853. A Baltimorean Among the Orientals. j [letter no. Vllt.] t .1 Correction—The Mahomedan Cemeteries —Their Fart Extent —Contrast of Tombs and Cypress S Groves —Epitaph*—-Admonitions to the Living r Curious Spcimens—Favorite Resort of Turk- t ish H'own — Hair they Spend Time in the Ceme- \ ,'rries —Distinguishing Characteristics for the ' Tombs of Sexes and of Creeds—-A Great City of i the Dead—Fear of Infidel Sacrilege—Magnif.- < <*nr Mausoleums, <s•<■. A typographical error in my last needs correc- ' tion. You made me say “ the sound of the church-goinc bell’’ is heard in Constantinople ] proper, when it should have been, to agree with the facts of the ea e and my manuscript, “the sound of the church-going bell” is wn-beard in Constantinople proper. I refer to this omission as a very important point is involved in it. ex hibiting the sfrihug difference between a mos- ' lem and a Christian summons to worship. As a fitting topic to succeed what I have said abou* the religious devotions and superstitions of the Turks, allow me to make a tew remarks about the Mahometan cemeteries, whose vast ness and singularity arrest the attention of every sojourner at Constantinople, causing him to feel, as doth almost every object his eye dwells upon in the orient that he is in a strange land, and amid a strange and peculiar people. Taking an elevated, central position, he can command a view ot numbers ot those almost illimitable forestsol dark cypress trees within whose deep shade the monuments ot millions of defunct Turks rear their turbaned heads. He will discover that they constitute a very distin guishing feature in the magnificent picture spread out around him. The largest and most interesting is the ceme tery of Scutari. on the Asiatic side of the Bos phorus. This cemetry is over three miles in length. The cypress trees tall and slender, like the minarets attache,! to the mosques, being thickly planted, and the tomb stm.es occupying in some places almost every foot of ground, render it mther a ditiicu’r matt, r for a prison to wend his ] way through these fields of the dead except over ! the main paths; and nothing can exceed the startling •ilect ol the uaig mingled view yon have, as far as the vision extends, of tombs and 'cvpress trees. Many of the tomb-stones are capped with tur bons, the ample and painted folds of which re semble so miu i •be real article that, in a hurried "lance th: il 1 *he champs des marts, you would fancy it crowded with venerable modems. who are standing as ser.tii.ds over the graves ot de parted friends The inscriptions, as well as the ornamental designs, are in relief, and generally gilded. Many of the marble slabs are painted a gaudy color, their bright hues affording a strange con trast with the cvpress gloomy shade. Some are carved and glided with much elegance and good taste, but as a general tiling they do not present »n appearance that corresponds with our ideas of beauty. Only occasionally you see them surrounded and protected by any kind of enclo sure ; bill those at Eycmb. up in the Golden Horn, are first wgl’erl in. and then screened by fine wire-work tu.i* rises likeanarbol above them. These are really beautiful, and are the tombs of distinguished ehaiAC’ers. The epitaphs, which are either original or ex tracts from the Koran, do not so much record tne virtues ot the deceased as they furnish admoni tions to the living. In order to an idea ot their tone and sentiment. I herewith subjoin a few specimens, translated Irom .he Arabic, in which language they are carved: HIM THE ETERNAL AND EVERLASTING. Death is a cup out or which all must drink : The shroud a garment in which .ill must be dressed; The hearse a carriage in which a'.! must r:do; The grave a door thro ugh which all must pass : Tae earth is a homo v here all must dwell: From God all come; all must return to him. Sir a F f ',l. (opening a chapter of the Koran.) for the soul ol Orman Aga. 1252: HIM THE ETERNAL. My Sadika has gone, Alas! Alas! Mv darling child has left me. Alas! Alas! Sadika ! the I ght of my eyes. The rose garden of ray hopes. Has gone to Paradise: Pray a Fatha for Sadika. the daughter of Osmond Bey, A. H. 1256: HIM THE ETKRXa: AND EVERLASTING. Alas' Ahmed Bay's wife has left this passing world. Cnfortunat- woman, she had to forsake her ten young children May she be immer.ed in the Sea of Mercy of the AU Just' She never f .und relief froia the ills which beset her With eyes filled with griefs tears I writhe her epi taph : , The Eternal in Hi-’ mercy has taken my Shemsieh Kadin. 1246 HIM THE ETERNAL AND EVERLASTING. Scarce had I become a mother, and seen my new- ' born child. When the Arrow of Destiny sent my soul into Eternal Life. I left the garden of this world for that of Paradise. Say a Fatha tor Ayesha, wife of Orman Effendi. “ HIM THE ETERNAL. “ Passer by, look a moment at this, my tomb stone. If you are wise, be not neglectful, but seek wisdom at its source, (in Religion.) “I was a heedless wanderer—what sorrows haw 1 aoUwt with ‘ ai.d ar.ii.Uc«t- •• f bgeajM earth, and this stone was placed at my head. Ibrahim Effendi's wife, say a Fatha for her soul.” After reading the above epitaphs, no one would be iadined to c >ii ci<M with the generally enter- | tained opini :mt the Mahomedan denies a soul to woman, though be does believe " that rea- j son and thinking are out oi her sphere.” | Notwithstanding the superstitious nature of I the orientals, they appear to have no particular j dread of being near the btlrtsd dead. On the | contrary, the cemeteries are among the favorite ; haunts of the Turkish females. I hgve seen ; those bordering its shores filled with Turkish < women, who wrapper) in their gaily colored fer ighees and white yaskmacks. formed many a pic- j turesque group. : There with nought but the grass-covered earth, j or the cold marble slab as carpet or divan, will j they wile away many an hour, chatting, stnok- ; ing. partaking of refreshments, surveying them selves in small mirrors or watching the count less, varied and interesting objects passing before them, on lard and water, as well as the frolick- Bome evolutions of their gaily dressed children, of whom, especially the boys, they appear to be excessively proud. The tomb-stones of the females are simply 1 distinguished by a rose branch being carved on I them, and the style of the turban surmounting! those of the male denotes therauk of the depart- ' ed. The stones designating the graves of the once ; formidable and bloody Janizaries are clearly dis tinguishable by their being decapitated, their turbaned head-' being struck off by the infuriated populace simultaneously with, and soon after, the destruction of that sanguinary band. As the Turk, the Armenian, the Jew and the Frank has each his particular quarter to residein, so has each his separate and distinct section to be buried in. The tall and gloomy cypress and the turbaned stones are peculiarly Mahomedan; a horizontal j/utoion of the latter, with rude de vices carved on them, showing the trade or pro fession of the deceived, or cii 'Jar holes forthe birds to slake their thirst in, after refreshing rains, characterize the Armenian; simple mar ble slabs, lying flat on the ground, denote the Jewish burying grounds, whilst those of the Frank exhibit the usual features of a Christian place of interment. Onaccountol the Mahomedan* believing that at some future day European Turkey, with its beautiful capital, will pass into the hands of the Giaour, they prefer being buried in Asiatic soil. Hence the immensity of the great cemetery of Scutari, in which lie in eternal repose as many bodies as would correspond with three or four times the present population of Constantinople! j Contemplating the nature and tendencies of , bis religion, we can well imagine how repug nant the idea mud be to the mind of the I'urk. that, alter he has bidden farewell to the scene of this world, his mortal remains will bo sacrilegi ously trodden over by the rude foot of the infidel; and we can also conceive of his resigned expres sion, and tiro sincere, earnest “ God be praised” that cornea from his lips, when he has tire con sciousness that sacred Moslem earth will, for eueeeesrve ogee, voe«**l hu> body within itelud- 1 lowed depths In the city ofC •listam. iople are reveral mag- j nificeut mausoleums < Hitaiuibg the bodies of the <‘ttornan soveo ig> ■■ One of thr: most beau tiful of these is that of ’ <• pr< «’nt Sultan s fath er, the late Sultan Mahmud, whose remains repose within it, enclose I in an elegant sarco phagus, which ise.rvered with therirnest shawls of Persia and Cashmere, a 1 li:w its head sur mounted by a genuine 1 urban of the old, u tpnr. The sleeple.s vigilant • of n piomi Mu-selman, shields from sacrilegious tom b, this last sacred restir,g-place ot the ' Retuge ol the World „ Yours, Ac. J- J’- "■ The Southern Memphis Convention. The late Southern Convention at Baltimore adjourned to rm-et at Memphis on the first day of June, and from the movements making in the Cotton Slat", in Ibe appointment of delegates, they at least will b- represented by unusually large delegations of their best men ol all part ies. They propose.at this Memphis Convention, to discuss the fxibcy of— A continental cotton depot, in Opposition to dhe< *■ exnorlation of cotton by the planter; Os a southern importing market, in opposition to New York; Os southern lines o. seamers; Os stimulating maomu" :,ln '' ,s i c -r fact, they propose as far u possible to cut the South luo** from n P°n the North in the ahipph / rnanufact ,r< schools and college* And as they appear to be in earnest in their preparations it is very likely they may do something. Their piogramrne covers a system of operatim .<? very little short ol a political revolution. We shall know anon whether it ends in gas or practical action.— N. Y. Herald. _ Here is a Brickbat lately thrown by a politi cal editor in Kentucky : ’* We are informed that in several parts of this Congressional District Colonel Sam I’lke of and formerly ol this city, has been favorably spoken of for Con gress. Pike’s qualili: ations and patriotism are highly commended in some places Our per sonal regard for him i extensive , as to his le gislative qualifications we know nothing—but for his patriot ism, when we last saw him. he knew no North, no South, no East, no West I We kindly extended him our arm and led him pp an alley.” Terrible Disaster al Sea—Loss of neaih Two i Hundred Lives. We have to record to-day another fearful ca lamity. the foundering of a vessel at sea. with the probable loss of nearly two hundred lives, ( Capt. Forbes, of the brig Reuben Carver, from I ( Sagna la Grande, brought into this port this ( morning, the captain, mate, and six of the crew of ti e ship William A Mary, of Bath, Maine, who were picked up from a boat at sea, in lai . , 27 30. and long. 79 20, having been wrecked near Stirrup Key, among the Bahama Islands, on the 31 of May. Captain Stenson, of the William & Mary, has furnished us the following particulars of the loss of his vessel, which was on the passage from Liverpool to New Orleans, with a cargo of rail road iron and two hundred and eight passengers, chiefly emigrants. At seven o’clock A. M., <-;> the 3d of May, during cloudy weather arid breezes blowing from the southeast, they pnsssed the Hole in the Wall, which is the southern part of the little island of Abaco, one ot the Baha mas nearly north ot Nassau. At noon they made Stirrup Kev, and then bore off about ten miles in a southerly direction. The weath er grew thicker all the while and the wind stronger, while the sea began to roll at a fearful rate. At sunset nothing could be seen of the Key, and the captain supposed that he was well to the north of it. having steered west by north since meridian. At BA. M., when he ju Iged . himself sufficiently to the north and west of the [ Great Isaacs, he put the ship west by south and commenced heaving the lead, but found no bot tom in twenty fathoms. About half past-eight, P. M., the vessel struck upon a sunken rock, where she hung tor a long time, with ten fathoms water all around. Af ter pounding heavily for fifteen minutes she got off, but immediately struck another rock, with- j in a few rods of the first, where she again pound- | e,I for some time, and again went oft. It was i then thought expedient to let go the anchor and I ptepare the boats for launching. The ship was taking in water very last, and though the pas- . sengers worked for life at the pumps, they I found it impossible to keep her fiee. At mil night there were four leet water in the hold, ati.f at 4 A M., with both pumps going, eight : feet. The weather was very black and squally, and the sea tremendously high. Shortly after day break, they found ten leet water in. and Hie . vaMAetl apparently going <k>wn. The mnsterna- I tion of the crowded deck’s at this period may be ' imagined, but cannot be dessribed. All the boats, five in number, were then made i ready and launclre*, but twoof them were stove I on touching the water, leavfng only a small ! boat, arid one long and one life boat These , were manned by the captain, his mates, and the ! crew, together with as many passengers as ■ could be crowded into them. 77re remaindel of ' the passengers were left on board, and in a fei” min- J utes after, i. e. about eight o'clock M, went down with the vessel. How many perished, it is impossible to ascertain, but from this account ot the captain, we infer that not less than one I hundred and fittv persons, men, women, and i children. At the time, the Great Isaacs was bearing east by southeast, about seven miles. The several boats were separated after leav ing the ship, but the captain saw, from the boat , in which he was. a barque, apparently bound t' Europe, hove too in the direction of the long and life boats, and he surmises that the people I in them were picked up. But there is no cer taintv in this; and, supposing them also to have been lost, the total number of deaths will be over two hundred. The cook and the steward, of the William and Mary, together with two of the seamen, were among those left behind, I when the small boats put off. Capt. Stenson has ’ no memorandum of the names ot the lost, which 1 we'are consequently unable to give. This is one of the most dreadful wrecks that we have had occasion to record for many years, j and. coming so soon after the late railroad ca lamities, fills us with emotions of honor ami ! gloom.— N. I*. Evening Post, 16th inst, [lt will be seen by our telegraphic despatches j of yesterday, that the British Barque referred to, did pick up twenty-five of these passengers.)— ■ Eds. Courier. Agricultural. WORK FOR MAY—COTTON. Some partial choppings of cotton may have been already commenced. This, however, does i not amount to more than the rapid chopping 1 through with the hoe, throwing it into bunches I of three to a half dozen stalks. Not much care is required, farther than to so space these bunch es as to make the base of the stand, or the prop er distance at which the stalks are to remain when left to grow for a crop. The final thinning, however, is a nice and particular operation, and needs to be conducted with the utmost care. With such mixing of grass, as is not unfrequent at this time, and a hard press to cover a large space, it often happens that many stalks are cut up in the hurry, and many more are bruised and skinned, to linger and die after a few i days, thus spoiling the stand and having much unoccupied space in every row,amounting in the aggregate to many acres to be cultivated with out any return. These annoyances and failures are the result of every year’s operation on most plantations where what are called full crops are planted. We think it about as great folly as to < dart straws against the wind, to tglk about hand work, in this day of progression, in the culture, of cotton. We will, however, do our duty and venture > the opinion that, in the final thinning of cotton, much of it ought to be pulled out by hand. The . stand would ba saved uniform and perfect, and : the plant left in e healthv and growing state. I - fewer acre- wcmlw ■ ~ would be well covered. But little earth need be added at this time, only enough to support the I young plant. The distance between stalks must j depend upon the size to which the weed wdl probably grow—rich land requiring more, and the thin or poor much less space. The plants when at maturity ought slightly to interlock.— ' If the preparations have been deep and good, ’ ; and no very heavy rains have intervened, or the I ! lands are by nature soft, no very deep or close ! ' plowings will be required at this time. But i! i the lands are not light or soft by nature, or have i not b«en made so by the plow, we must insist , ; upon pretty thorough work. In the early stages i of the crop the uad.s pre to be made loose and l ! soft, or not at all—as deep pf close plowings to ! ■ cotton, after the squares and bioo..;j appear, are ! I rarely admissible. These operations arc j.o va- ; i ried by circumstances as to make it absolutely : ! necessary to leave much to be settled by a sound I discretion. No one rule will suit all soils and all seasons. — Soil of the South-' Prospects of the Crop.—Our liitclbgence trom several sources in Florida, represents the [ i prospects of the cotton crop as ext remely dis- i j couraging. A gentleman of the highest charac- I I ter, writes so follows from Tallahassee —date j ■ May 13th: i “lam no planter at thL tfime, and have no j I interest in misrepresenting the cs>;.«;t;pn of the I ! growing crop in this vicinity. We havu l;ad no rain for the last two months which wet the : earth the half of an inch. Many planters have i not a plant of eottop up. Corn crops looks as I well as could be expects I from a very cool and dry spring.” i From Monticello, a friend writes—-dato May I 14—as follows: ‘ The piospect of a good cotton I crop, this ye»r, in this region, is discouraging. I But part of the eotton js up in consequence of, the piotracted drought, ?nd hordes of grasshop pers are ravaging corn on hammock land.” The Editor of the Floridian writes from Apa lachicola in this wise ; I found the country between Tallahass.ee and j Marianna parching up tor want of jain. In i many cases cotton was not up, while in others j lie stand was poor. Corn, however, considering , the )<x»g dry spell, was looking very well. On j Wednesday, there was what the farmeis call “ a ; fine season”—that u, jt rained beautilully. .The | shower, however, was not general as desired. Towards the river it was but light, while at this place it was scarcely anything at all.— Savannah Georgian, I6tk ivft- i The Girard Railroad.—On I'hursday eve i ning last the Mayor communicated to the Board ! of Aidermen, the proceedings of the meeting ' raeentiy held at the Alhambra, to consider the propriety pf loaning the Girard Railroad $1,000,- 000, accompnnuW with an ordinance regulating said loan. After sotrw discussion, the subject was laid over, under the rule, ur.tij next week. On the succeeding evening the matter caine up before the Board of Common Council, when C‘. W. Gazzam offered the following joint resolution ' ;iffT two Kurds' I will meet in convention on Tuesday, May 24th, : at I o’clock, to consider (<.« p;opriety and expe , diency of subscribing, on the pa.t cf the city, to the stock of the Mobile and Girard liajlrpad company, and also to dispose of such other busi- ( new as may come before tlje convention. — Co uinbus 'hutts. \Sth instant. Rli'Kesen tation m Py..'jxY.— It should be remembered by our Democratic ;.iep<!s through out the State, th it the Democratic Convention which met in March 1852, passed a Resolution that no county would be entitled to a vote by proxy. This y/e think was a judicious act, and must tend greatly to strengthen the Conven tion, and make its action more generally in ac cordance with the sentiments of the Party in every section of the State. Here is the Resolution. Mr. Gardner, of Richmond introduced, the following resolution i Risoloed. That in all Conventions of the Dem ocratic Party hereafter to be held, we recom ' mend that none be entitled to a vote in such Convention except duly authorized Delegates, I who may be present. 1 The Resolution was unanimously carried.— Federal Union. ’ St. Louis Removed to the Country.— (. Much apprehension has long been felt in St. Louis that the action of the waters of the Mis souri, where they enter the Mississippi above ’ that city, will eventually Wear away the Illinois ’ ■'re to such an extent as to force U new chan- SI.'J ■!.„ great Father of Waters J”' 1 ,us leave SC Lom„ ‘" m " Or , ", ix mil «? the country. Th« preset I a< *i ~« ?d ’ away the bank, having Was..-' " a rn| h: and a ball of the telegraph line near Alton, Wl , ! *h the land on which the poles were planted. /he editor of the Alton Courier says: “As much abrasion of the Illinoissliore for the next ten years, or even five years, as has been occurring for a few years past, and the lakes and lowlands above sppken of will be reached. The Gillham farm is now nearly all swept away, and the old dwelling house, which has already been moved once or twice, will soon have to be removed further back or torn down. Where we lode along in our conveyance, on the public road near this place, some three years ago, is now 150 leet out in the stream of the sweeping Mississippi.” Gov. McDonald and the Fire-eaters. A late number of the Constitutional Union;. nrint. dat Marietta, says- :, v McDonald, though not now a candidate l'.„ ( . ■" “ before the people," is an active poll tician. and if reports speak correctly, is looking to the United States Semite. His political char acter whether we consider it as the character ot his party, or solely with reference to hunsell, is a proper subject for criticism. . Well what of it. it Gov. McDonald is looki g forward' to the United States Senate ' Will he not make a very respectable and u«elul member, should he be chosen for that station ' Is he ,„>t able, and is lie not patriotic > Has he not tnlents. standin" and qualification.' It he have all these, what then is the exception, and why should he , • .„k forward to that dignified station ' <>. ... editor, he is a “ fire-eater.” And pray wh ' istl rt. we ask ! It is an indefinite mck name.that has neither point nor meaning with half who use it. It was originally a name con ferred »p'i> Southern State Rights men who stepped promptly and patriotically forward in ISSO, and told the Northern people they would bear their intrusions, their insults, their robbe ries. and plundering no turf her; that they must now stop, or they would have a dillieul'y and fight on their hands ; and who by their linrmess and decision arrested the fanatics in their mad plundering career ; while many of these editors who have now nothing but the stale ciici,»>o song of" fire eater” to regale their reader with, were then encouraging the abolitionists with the cry of “ union” "union,” at all hazards and m the last extremity. We wonder how much this union lullaby would have been regarded by the fanatics, if their fears had not been alarmed by visions of swordsand pistols and bayonets ol the " fire-eaters.” The " fire-eaters” saved their country ■ and their political character, whether examined individually or collectively, has notli ir:; to regret or >■ call before the people—noth thing to apologise or atone for. We have ever been willing to admit, that both Union and State Rights men acted from patriotic motives, aecordir.:; to the different views they took ol the state of affairs between the North and the South; individually too, we have thought many . of the latter were too heady and rash (though Gov McDonald was not among that number.) i while many of the Union party were too tame 1 and submissive ; but that ' fire-eater” is a n ine j opprobrious n.imi- tlran “ submissioni't.” al thollg nffltf eh’rThmcL, tn and „sed of I I late, is what we are 11 <l* a subject of critici»«L we presume, 17. ’ ' aid’s character will Dear as close a s '-'itinyg- the best of the Union Whigs. It is nnlj’ Whig- ; eery trying ‘o make eapital x ot old Democratic ! feuds.— Gritfin Jeffersonian. Prevaring for the Contest.—We publish ! to-day a number of Democratic meetings, and ' would publish many more that have crowded in upon us during the latter part of the week, ; hut our space forbids our so doing at pre-ent. j It is gratifying to witness the zeal, enthusiasm j and union generally prevalent in the Democra- I , tic ranks. It is an omen of victory, too plainly i foreshadowed to be mistaken. The Democratic ■ party in Georgia, once divided and distracted by ! issues hitherto unknown in its history, is strong. > r to-day by thousands than ever before. There I ; may be a few discontents whose dissatisfaction j is the offspring of bitter prejudices and deep ! 1 seated jealousies. Yet, upon the great principles ! of our party, there is no division of sentiment I > among us. The question is not whether the ! | 11 Compromise” was the best settlement of the Territorial questions, or whether "acquiesence” i jin that measure is perferable to “resistance.”— j : These questions have been consigned to the j i “ tomb of the Capulets,” and the great questions, ! the only questions lor every good Democrat to j settle in his own mind is, whether the exposi tion of the Democratic creed contained in the Baltimore Democratic platform, and the policy recommended in the President’s Inaugural, shall be sustained. These are paramonnt questions. I appealing to the calm judgment and patriotic! hearts of the people. That the Democracy of ; ' Georgia are determined to give these questions' ■ their earnest consideration and cordial endorse- | ment. w’e have the fullest evidence in the spirit ; of their primary meetings, and in the complex ion of the delegates already apixiinted to attend ! the Gubernatorial Convention. Among the lat ! ter, we find the names of many gentlemen who i formerly held prominent positions in the Whig ■ party. They have cast aside the shackles of I partv, and with an independence and candor , ' deserving all praise, enrolled their names on the 1 I banner of Democracy, and enlisted forthe war against the Federal doctrines of “ Conservative” i Whiggery. Such indications are pleasant to ; dwell upon; they are living exemplifications of j the wisdom of those great Democratic truths ! i which Jefferson gave the world and Jackson | ! and Polk rendered immortal; they are the Oases in the desert of party, that give the war-worn veteran in the ranks a solace for a lifetime of I duty. That there will be conflicting interests and clashing opinions in the large Convention which is soon to assemble in our city, we are well as sured. That there will be a number of distin- j guished names supported for the nomination by ! their respective friends, is equally true; but] where there is perfect unity of sentiment in re- ■ lation to the principles our standard bearer has : to maintain, it is hardly possible that there can i bp much diversity of sentiment as to who he I shall be. Our Democratic friends cannot do a more acceptable office to their party, and better subserve the interests of their particular friends, than by a determination to act in the Conven tion untrammelled by selfish and il"j^.;.i , f t; i!- .if” .li:,"" . 'virtirA: "nd 'afh'i with care and deliberation the claims of the re : spective can lidates.let all their strength and pre <lilections be cast in the balance of that one who, while he can concentrate the support of the ! greatest portion of the party, is most endowed, with the elements of success. If such a catholic j 1 spirit prevails in the Convention, let the candi ; date be this,that or the other, it matters not. the I day wii! be ours, ours the glory.— Federal Union, i 17/A inst. [From the Savannah Republican ] ■ The Colonization Society. I In the eloquent address, delivered by the Rev. i ' Mr. Gurley, before the Colonization Meeting in ’ 1 this city,allusion was made toa work on Africa, j published sorne years ago by our fellow citizen, ! W. B, Hodgson, Esq. It is entitled “ Notes on Northern, .Africa, the Sahara and Soudan.” The following estrains from that work farci ! b!y exhibit the influence which the colony of Liberia is now exercising, in the civilization and christianizing of Pagan Africa. “In Africa—the land of the degraded negro— I the Gospel now stands, face to face, with the | Koran. " There, the two confluent tides of reli | gious instruction, from the West and theJEast meet. From the Senegambia to the Equator, j along this vast extent of coast, Christianity has I her stations : and she opposes by the Bible, the ! further advance of the Koran. The colony of . Liberia is an advanced post of Christianity. The I j Arabic Sible is eagerly sought, and thankfully I I received, by the ii'ibps: and it has been brought I to the Western coast, uy merchants and pilgrims ! from Egypt, across the whole breadth of that ' i continent. Let, therefore, the Gospel be dissem l inaied in Arabic characters, into whatever lan- ! I gqages the pious zeal of Missionaries may be > able to translate it, since Arabic letters have, for | centuries, been introduced into Africa, and have ; I become familiarized by use. “In Central Africa, education and religious 1 I instruction are entirely in the hands ot Mahom- ! ! medans. The Koran has introduced its letters, ! j wiiere it has been adopted, as the Bible from I i Rome has substituted its letters forthe alphabets | lof Europe. Let not the humanizing influence of i ' the Koran, in abolishing the fetishes, gregrees, I I and human sacrifices of pagan, homicidal Africa, i !be depreciated, jt will bring up the barbarous i I negro races, to a certain degree of civilization ; I and thus it will concur with Christianity, which | is now invading Africa from the West, in sup pressing their inhuman practices and supersti tions. “To a certain extent, the Mahommedans go along with us. Their civil code, contained in the Koran, forbids the enslaving of a man born of free parents, and professing the Mussulman religion; nor can a Mussulman be reduced to slavery in any case. Mahommedanism thus concurs with Christianity in its war upon the African Slave Trade.” “ There are points, says Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, in the Mahommedan faith, which we may turn to account, in attempting to introduce better instruction. The Massulmansof Western Ai.i—' ww.ni with lhesaio— horror, as those of the Hast. i hey ae««.. u> be | favorably impressed by finding that we aeknowl- I edge much of their own sacred history- and I with them, the names of Abraham and Moses serve to recommend our holy books. We may I 1 make common cause, also, with them, in Africa : in our comm,in abhorrence of the bloody rites and sacrifices of the Pagans.” The success of the colony or Liberia is no I longer a problem. It has a regularly orgtnized government, and a constitution borrowed from ours. It, maintains important foreign aid in land commerce, and it has a military forte, ca pable, as it has on all occasions proved, d de fending itself against invasion, and of sii|press ing the slave trade along a vast lined seapoast. The Christian and the philanthropist will egard this infant colony with generous satisfactio and interest. Some of the sovereign States of the irutli have already agitated the policy of forcing the free new-n to emigrate. Liberia is offeredby the Colonization Society, as a home and a refte. Virginia has, by her slate councils, appropriiitd $30,000. annually, to aid this Society in its V ' nevolent designs. The question of free negroes from Georgia is not yet forced up. ' us, because we have still wild uneultivati lands to occupy. But it will be forced upon ini by the inevitable law of 'population, as it hai . been in Virginia. The Abolition Societies of the North, from their formation, have never ceased to wage a • relentless war upon the patriotic, benevolent i designs of the Colonization Society. During this present month, the Anti-Slave Abolition i Societies held their anniversary in New York. Their rabid,vindictive denunciations of the South ••tered with greater, passion if possible, were n. - ••snization Society. Were South agaimt the Co. ' -n abolition to join in this ern slavery and Nortne... ‘-»nge meeting opposition, it would present a 5... of extremes. '|'he Colonization Society, as Mr. Justice Wayuu forcibly remarked, stood on the strictest constitutional ground. Ils organic law was the sacred integrity of our domestic institutions. In concurrence with the State sovereignties, it pro posed simply to aid, charitably and patriotically, in removing from their borders, free negroes, whose coexistence with slaves, the wisest south ern statesmen and Georgia legislation have con demned as unsound policy. Looking beyond the safety of our domestic institutions, and the ijuestion of State policy, southern benevolence will recognize in Liberia, the great Beachcr and Missionary to Africa. 1 hut Pagan lard will, in payment of our debt, receive from us American aws, religion and language. [From the Ncuy I ark Herald, 19/71 fast.] Arrival of the Africa—.Thro© da;'s Later from ’ Europe The Cunard mail steamship Africa, from Liv erpool Saturday noon, the 7th inst., arrived at half-past 12 o'clock to-day. The Washington had not been telegraphed from S.'iitampton when our despatch was made up. . The news is singularly uninteresting if we excel I the K' su‘:i episode and an attempt of the peace men to introduce an arbitration clause into the treaties now pending at Washington. Cotton al Liverpool remained steady but without much animation —middlings American one-sixteenth of a penny dearer. Fine weather had deadened the grain markets. ,\ court martial at St. Petersburg, hud decided in the ■ a e of the officers reeent.lv charged with embezzlement. Gen. Uchakon was dismissed, and impiisoned for six months. (.' ■ ■. Arbusou, Grabbe and Sass, impri . >ned lor three months, and Admiral KolsaEon simi.L dismissed. King Leopold, of Belgium, was on a visit to the Ki"", of Prussia at Pottsdam. Prussia has reduced her duties on French spirits 50 per cent, and is about to reduce the import duty on iron, Counl'is Blanka i’eleky has just been sen tenced to ten vens’ imprisonment for her share in the Hungarian revolt. She has already been immured three years in the fortress ot Pesth. A story goes that the Emperor has assented to the loan ol a million francs to the Count de Chambord, on security of the domain of Charn bord. the money to be advanced by the Bank Foncier. The Countess of Dalliouse, wife of the Gov ernor of India, died at sea. on her way to Eng. land. Her body.was landed at Esmouth. Mr. Duffy. M-' P. lor New Ross, (Ireland), had apologised lor his hasty remarks, and j s again received into favor of the "Honorable House.” ..On Friday night, sth. the Commons i divided on an amendment, that lietand be ex ! eluded from the operation of the income Tax—. 1 majority against the amendment. The debate ' on the Bridget is still continued. Charles Hill, a colored man, arrived at Liver- ' pool lioiu Boston, ill the Parliament line, abor* j : rlir.-n weeks neo. ahff re|>resenteto-4Beneeli' tu -.i 1...... ... lAn'lirr.H’ , Johiisori, a rh'wbjfiwiwtire r;e>,'7r>ni , ! who will sell her for ttXlO. SuMcriptions beveb been set on foot for Hill, who in the mean i time has attached himself to a panorama ot Un- .i . cle Tom. where he exhibits several diabolical , ! instruments,“ m-.de at Liverpool, under his di rections,” to show how the slaves are punished. Lord Palmerston had denied in tha Honse ol i Commons that the government had issued in ; structions regarding the opening of letters ad dressed to foreign refugees. Upon the sth instant the Hale (Kossuth) rocket affair was made the subject of an anima | ted debate in which Mr T. Duncombe and Lord Palmerston enacted the leading parts. Lord Palmerston defined the position in which all exiles should, constitutionally, regard themselves in a country affording them a shel'er, and Lord Dudley Stuart denounced the course of the gov ernment with regard to Kossuth. The matter ! dropped after Messrs. Cobden. Bright, and Lord John Russel! had spoken. The Board of Trade let.nrns for the month ending April 5 bad been 1 published, and was considered very satisfactory. A deputation from the Peace Conference Committee of London and Manchester had pray ! ed of Lord Clarendon to introduce an arrange- I ment so as that all subjects of dispute between England and America should be bettered by na tional arbitration hereafter. Professor Stone's name figured in ihe list ol reverends at the May meeting in Exeter Hall, London. The Irish emigration was going on rapidly. The next India mail steamship Magdalena, ; had arrived nt S-.itithetnpto«i. The Empress of France wa. convalescent. The legacy claims of Napoleftn the First were being discussed in the Senate. Thete was a new arrangement of the Police system. soThere had been a Grand High Mass for the nl of Napoleon the Great. All fears of the Ministerial crisis in Spain were ende 1. ; All the dictatorial decrees ol 1851 had been approved by the Chamber of Deputies at Lis bon. The religious squabble was progressing in Holland. There were political parliamentary troubles ; in Hesse-Cassel, Germany. An election riot had occurred in the district of Bulle, Switzerland. A street fight, connected with polities, had taken place in Chamberfy, Italy. A reduction of the Austrian force in Tuscany was expected. It is stated that Persia is preparing another j peil.tion against Herat. State of the Markets. Liverpool, May 6, 1553. Breads: i;ffs.—Flour attracts more attention ■ than at sailing of the Atlantic. Wheat is quiet. I'here is tn l disposition shown to press sales ot either article. White.lndian corn has moved in to consumption as landed, at 30s. There are | no stocks of Indian corn here. Cotton.—There continues to be a steady de-i mand daily, and owing to the comparative] scarceness of queh’* ; <f gon i staplik Manchester a fair amount of businees is doing, ■ at full prices. " f 1 Stock this day, 748.493 bags, of which 498,4 I 008 are American. Stock last year, 194,595, of I which 355,139 were American : Sales this week. 54,070 bags, including 41,210 American—l.9so bags being on speculation, and j 4,120 for export. ! [Correspondence of the Charleston Courier.] Havana, May 11. . The two days that have elapsed since my last, i affird hut little space for news. A soldier is to i be garroted in a few days time for having shot a Sergeant. Perhaps it will startle you when ] tell you that upwards of 300 are executed every year for crime in this Island. This is below the mark, and trom good authority, and the Govern ment has to pass over many crimes at that. I went to the Plaza de Annas last night to hear the music,it being th? King-consort’s birth day. Usually on such occasions the place is full of ladies, but now the feeling is so strong against Spain that there were not more than 50 present, and they for the greater part were re lations ol officers, Spanish ladies strangers. To make up lor this, the Plaza is swarmed with military and naval officers. There aie evident signs of uneasiness,the men pf-war are out cruising and every thing betokens : a storm expected. The Spaniards every day are ! becoming more and more convinced that the 1 island is lost to Spain, and express their convic- ' ' tion steely. m. m. ( Havana, May 14, 1853. I The market has not been so brisk for Sugars I I this week, still prices are firm at the following ! I rates, viz : assorted 6a 83 and 04 a reals per ' i arrobas; white S.J a 10 rls ; yellOU 6j a 71 ; I ! brown 5] a 6: Cucuruchos 5 a 5); Muscovados I ! 1] a SJ. 28,306 boxes have lieen (hipped this 1 I week; 2279 of which have gone fothe United I i States, and about 20,000 to Cowes ani the Baltic. ! Molasses in demand at2.{ a 24 reals per keg. I | Exchangeon London 104a 11 pein.; New- j I York and Boston 14 a 12 discount. ! Freights to the Baltic £2 15s. a .£t 55.; Ham- ! ■ burg. -£3 a -£3 2s. 6d ; Great Britaij, £■> Jss. n ■ I £3 5«.; Cowes, .£2 17s. 6 I a £3 7s 6-1.; United I I States. $1 per box Sugar, Mouses. Small ' I vessels are hardly to be obtained ind 1 in demand, j ' In Provisions there iS little clange since my I last advici s- a week since. Codkh is very abun dant and dull; Rice also the sami and Lard ditto. Lot of the first was sold at $24 I 2J per quintal, the second at 12 j reals per arrohs, and the last mentioned article at sl4] in bls., and sls in kegs per quintal. Os Jerked Beef 68,000 qls. like arrived this year against 100,000 last year. Codfish, 28,831 qls., against 10,710; Lard 23,01 qls . against 24,107; Rice 12.531 qls., againi 49.459; Lum ber 5056 mille feet, against hhd. Shooks 3 1,869, agaiusl 16,-588; box Shooks 234.867, against 252,112. The news from Europe is wiled for. Vessels are being taken up for New Yrk and Boston. f .»,*>♦• nmpo I’l'lv/ij; j t ij 7 1 j Fi.oiiiha Railroad.—The Jackschvil'e News says: “The time foi closing books for the abscrip- tion of stock in tie Railroads in whih East Florida i- particularly interested, anted last week. The subscriptions toward the lat were made in a manner which showed a debrmina tion to have something done in this ntst neg lected line cl business. The precise imounts obtained we have not been able to tarn, but understand that upwards of half a miton’ was sub eribed to the Florida Railroad, 'ibis sum ought to ensure the success of this piopct, the capital stock being only one million, tnd’pro vision being made for again opening Wks after the organization oftbe company. The Onstruc tion ol this road will be productive of iicalcula ble benefit to this .‘■eelion of the State, .lid must greatly inetease immigration to theinteiior, and develope the inexhaustible resources jf the Pe ninsula. “ We wish it was in our power to give as favorable report of the subscriptions t> the other —the AUanticand Gull Central Road Enough however, has been subscribed in this tdace alone’ to insure the mganization of the company if the substantial interest manifested in i at’other places, where books were appointed b be open ed, and whpdi would be equal participants with Vurs- Ives, in the benefits of its construction ihould be such as to render such a stepadvisablc.’ hit from information received from IVest and liddle Florida, we fear we may not have this |od news to chronicle.” InooK of an Ear tii<;iiai;k. —A friend writing ••be Savauu'ah Georgian, from Waynesboro Hke county, May :20th, says: 1 About sunrise, or immediately afttr, a shock of tt I quake was hdt at tins place, thil morning, wlh lasted some fifteen seconds. During the’ ' (which is Court wdek here) it has been j w. -”«rrn up to last night, vhen very | exi‘e|, ( .|y .. ’ ‘ •"'nd Is very boisterous, | cool aja morning tne . .# but b%s n,> sign of rain. Yours, - DiAvction or Touaoco Plaits.—Wo learn Ip the Marlboro (Md.) Advoeite that in eonseqi,,.,, „| the great destruction bl the fly ol the plants, many planters will make no tobai' at all this season, but will |iant their land in 0,. The crop in Prince George’s coun ty will litaarily be a very short one, iUjiublir. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 25, 1353. Terms of Subscription. Daily Paper, per annum, hi advance... ..$8 00 Tri-Weekly 5 00 Woetoy, per annum in advance 2 00 If p*id within tho year 2 50 Atllioond of the year 3 00 IXy’Tho above terms will bo rigidly enforced. Bank of St. Macy’s. The bills of the Bank of St. Mary’s under five dollars, and the change bills of J. G. Winter, are still taken at par at this office. (jy We reiterate our inquest, so frequently made, that correspondents will write on but o: e page of each half sheet of paper sent us. Resignation of Mr. Connor. The telegraphic despatch, published in our last issue, anouncing the reported resignation of Mr. Conner, President of the S. C. Railroad, proves correct. The Charleston Courier of yesterday, announces the fact, and in doing so pays the fol lowing deserved tiibute to th" zeal, energy, and ability which have distinguished Mr. Conner’s I Management of the Company : , Resignation of Hi:nry W. Conner, Esq. 7 as President of the South Carolina Rail . •' y/e announce with much regret, that <*iT..., rv Conner, F.«q., the able, energectje Qi'letal:;.i’». i-..t ..r r’.,,... | lina Railroad, has resigned his difficult, toilsome, |i and responsible office, the resignation to take ef '! feet, on and aftet the first day of July next.— The Road, under Mr. ftonner’s energetic man -1 agetneht, has gone on prospering and to prosper, increasing in accommodation and business, and | he will leave it with a double or second trade in ■ progress, to meet the torrent of business, ready to burst in upon it, through the many new chan- 1 nels of trade, now opening with the South and I West. Mr. Conner was elected President, over I his worthy and able predecessor, Col. James Gadsden, (now honorably and deservedly en i trusted with the delicate and responsible mission ’ to Mexico.) on the 13th February, 1850, and the united stock of the Road and Bank was then I selling for S7O to $72 per share, on SIOO per share pain in—the price is now $l2B per share I on $125 per share paid in, being nominally $3 I above par, and really very near par, taking the near approach of the July dividend into consid eration. We admit that Mr. Conner had great I financial advantages, in the calling in of the ad- ■ ditional $25 per share, soon after his election ; 1 but the success of bis management has been ! far more than commensurate with this cause. It ! is said, too. by many, that his energy has been pushed to an extreme of rigor, leading to con siderable dissatisfaction ; but we believe sincere i ly that it will ever be, as it has been, impossible ! for any man, however .able or upright, to con ; duct so vast, difficult and complicated a concern, without creating discontent iu many quarters.— On the whole, we think Mr. Conner’s adminis tration ha; been ab e, faithful and successful, and that he deserves the cordial “ well done” of his constituents. Early and late, day and night, has i he toiled untiringly in the service of the Com ! pany, and the fruit of his industry, activity and ! toil has been increased and increasing dividends, and the increased and increasing value of the capital stock. We learn that Mr. Conner de signs to resume mercantile life, and, if so, we shall expect soon to number him among “the merchant princes” of Charleston, the Tyre of the South. It will be difficult indeed to supply ! his place—and Ihe stockholders must look well to their choice of his successor—tew men possess- I iug the energy, talent, and business capacity, and uniting all the qualifications necessary for the station. Earthquake. Friday morning, at 10 minutes past 5, our citizens were startled by a slight shock of an Earthquake. Its duration has been estimated variously from five to fifteen seconds. One of our citizens—an early riser—informs us that he was, at the time, in the open air, and distinctly heard a low, rumbling ncise,which he recognized as that of an earthquake, and it was not till j seated some seconds after at his breakfast table, that lie felt and witnessed the motion. The 1 clattering of the crockery was very perceptible. I The shock was quite sufficient to arouse our less I industrious citizens from their slumbers. L -The Women of F orid., 7: d the Indians.— IgjjWtfwtng note, wr?tr»ii 5y a iany ot r inrnia, I from the Tallahassee Floridian. Should such a petition as she speaks of, be sent up to Wash [ ■ ington, we doubt not. it would lead to the early i removal of the Indians. Women and children, : of all others, are interested in the Indian ques tion, for it is upon their devoted heads that the vengeance of the red man chiefly falls. ! It will be seen that the writer, true to the I rights of her sex, appends a postscript to her ! note: Ft. Capron. Indian River, l_ April 24th, 18-53. j Mr. Editor ;—As our rulers sleep too long on the removal of the Indians, and we can only i be petitioners, I propose through your paper, that all the females in every county of the State ! ot Florida, petition the General Government to send the much dreaded Gen. Harney to remove our treacherous and troublesome neighbors from j the tropical lands. I have just heard that the j General says he wants no better sport. If this I meets your approbation, please give it circula- I tion in your paper. A Female Pioneer. N. B. The orthodox book tells us the unjust judge yielded to the importunities of the woman. We must believe our just rulers will yield to the prayers of the females of the State. Unitarians in the West. —At a recent Uni- ! rian Convention, held at St. Louis, the following preamble and resoltion were referred to a select committee, who are to report to the next Con ; ference. “ M there is a misunderstanding of the views of Unitarian Christians on important subjects, it i is deemed proper to make some declaration in i reference thereto: , “ Resolved, That we regard Jesus Christ not as I a mere inspired man. but as the Son of God—the i messenger of the father to man, miraculously ! sent—the mediator between God and man—the I Redeemer of the world—and that we regard the | miracles of the New Testament as facts on which the Gospel is based.” ! The citizens of Jasper county, and all inter jested in the project of constructing a Railroad | from Monticello to Eatonton, are to hold a meet ing at the Court House, in Monticello, on the first Tuesday in June. Through to Savannah. —The Columbus Times of the 18th inst., says : The iron horse made its first trip from Savannah to Columbus, on Sunday 15th inst.—a blessed sunshiny Sab bath day, which we hope is emblematical of the intercourse of the two cities. Taj.i.ahasskk Convention.—There is to be a grand Railroad Convention at Tallahassee, on the first Monday in June, and delegations are to b© iflvited from the Centra! Atlantic and Gulf Road, the Savannah and Albany Road, the Brunswick Road, and the Mobile and Ohio Road. Ono Fellows in Florida. —The Grand Lodge of the I. O. O. F., for Florida, assembled in Tallahassee the 12th instant, and continued in session for two days. The Grand officers for the ensuing year are: M. I). Papy, M. W Grand Master; W. Denham, D. W. D. Grand Warden ; A. B.Clark,R. W. Grand Master; J W. Argyle, R. W. Grand Secretary; S. S. Knight, R. W. Grand Treasurer, 15, Loeb, W. Grand Conductor; J. R. Meginness, W. Grand Guardian ; Wm. Cooley, W. Grand Marshal. The Governor of Maryland has appointed a list of no less than <ux> hundred and seventy-one gentlemen to represent that State in the South ern Commercial Convention, which is to a»sem ble at Memphis, on the Ist Monday in June. The city of Cincinnati has voted a very large sum of money for the purpose of supplying the in habitants with water. This is n step in the right direction. If any thing were wanting to prove the immetue benefits derived from the establish ment oi a supply of pure water, abundant testi mony is furnished in the increased value which it has conferred on land in the city ot New York. Not only are the charges for fire nsurance much lighter, and the facilities lor obtaining insurance on property much greater, but the prices of land are considered enhanced by the abundant oppor tunities afforded by the preaem e of water for the establishment of all descripf ions of manu factures. James Beattie, Jr., Esq., the late able and ae editor of the West Point Advocate, compirs” withß. C. Holifield, Esq., has become associate- M »ntgoinery in the editorial management ot the ... Times, an interesting weekly Jto-rna', pu d at the State capital. He is a vigorous n>., est advocate ol pemocratic Cuba, her Labor and Products. A Havana correspondent of the N. York Ex press, of a late date, says : “ The commerce of the Island is not only largely American, but much of its productions is in American hands. Plant ers coin money here who visit their estates but once or twice a year. At present, however, there is not more than one-fifth ol the Island cultivated at all. The export of five hundred thousand hogsheads, or one million five hun dred thousand boxes of sugar per aunnm, could easily be multiplied four or five fold, and would be, if the country belonged to the U. States, u..d labor could be procured. The slave trade and slave births do not be gin to meet the demand for labor, and slave property has advanced enormously here within a short time. The estimated annual importa tion is from twenty to thirty thousand from Africa. Gentlemen who have traveled all over the Island, the past winter, tell me that slaves have arrived lately at every port from Africa ; but still there is a constant demand for labor. The Chinese importation of 1,200 —to be increased to 6,000 —is but as a drop in the ocean. Occasionally European white labor has been tried, but aside from the indolence and in ertness of the white laborers brought here, there are no white people capable of enduring heat but the natives of the Island. The Flogging of a Prinoo. The London correspondent of a North German paper relates a story with regard to the way in which Prince Albert disciplines his children which the Tribune translates as follows : “The young prince stood one day in his room in the royal palace at Windsor, at the window, whose panes reached to the floor. He had a lesson to learn by heart, but instead was amusing himself by looking out into the gardens and playing with his fingers on the window. His governess, Miss Hillyard, an earnest and pious person observed this, and kindly asked him to think of getting his lessen. The young prince said : ‘I don’t want to.’ ‘Then.’ said Miss Hill yard,‘l must put you in the corner.’ ‘I won’t learn,’ answered the little fellow resolutely, ‘and wmyt staud iit lbe cwi.ier, lor 1 am the Prince of And as he said this, he knocked out one of tie window panes with his foot. At this. Miss Hillyard rose from her seat and said: “Sir, you must learn, or 1 must put you in the corner'’ 1 ' won’t said he, knocking out a second pane. The governess then i a.ig. and told the servant who entered to say to Prince Albert that she requested the presence of his Royal Highness immediatelv on a pressing matter connected with his son. The devoted father came at once, and heard the statement of the whole matter, after which he turned to his little son, and said, point ing to an ottoman, ‘ sit down there, and wait till I return.” Then Prince Albert went to his room and brought a bible. ‘ Listen, now,’ he said to the Prince of Wales, *to what the holy Apostle Paul says to you and other children in your position.” Hereupon he read Galat. iv. 1 and 2 : ‘ Now I say that the heir, solongas he is a child, differ. eth nothing from a servant, though he be beloved of all; but is under tutors and governors until the time appointed of the father.’ l lt is true,’ continued Prince Albert, ‘ that you are the Prince of Wales, and if you conduct properly you may become a man of high station, and even after the death of your mother, may be come King of England. But now you are a little boy, who must obey his tutors and govern ors. Besides, I njust impress upon you another saying, of the wise Solomon, in Proverbs xiii 24: 'He that spareth his rod, hateth his son; but he that loveth him ©hasteneth him betimes. Hereupon the father took out a ni l and gave the heir to the throne of the weightiest empire of Christendom a very palpable switching, and then stood him up in the corner, saying. ‘ You will stand here and study your lesson till Miss Hillyard gives you leave to come out. And nev er forget again that you are under tutors and governors, and that hereafter you will be under a Jaw given by God.” This, adds the corres pondent,is an excellent Christian mode of educa tion, which every citizen and peasant who has a child may well take to his heart as a model. It may be proper to add that the youngster who is represented to have received this patern al admonition is but 11 years old. Meeting in Macon.—A large meeting of the citizens of Macon, held on the 18th, remon strated against the conduct of the several rail road companies, in not erecting a common pas senger depot at the junction of Sixth and Mul berry streets, according to contract. The mem bers of the City Council were instructed to in stitute legal measures for redress or to resigq. A committee of three were appointed to co operate with the City Council in the selection of legal counsel and the adoption of all neces sary matters of redress. Weather and Crops.—The Memphis Eagle & Enquirer, of Wednesday last, says : Our exchanges are full of favorable accounts of the crops. In most of the cotton-growing re gion the cotton has come up finely, and, a week ago, there were fine stands almost everywhere, uamage may havA beetnlonF' by the' 'v4ry' mid weather (for the season) which has prevailed, anil which still prevails. We do not remember ever to have known it so uncomfortably cold in Mt.y before. We have heard serious apprehen sions of frost expressed. This extraordinarily inclement weather must damage the stands of cotton very seriously, requiring the planters in many cases to replant. Now, as it is known that there was scarcely enough to plant the crop in the first instance, (we speak for all the region around Memphis,) we repeat there is no estimating the amount of damage which the cold weather and the necessity to replantwill cause. The scarcity of cotton seed this season is greater than we ever knew it to be before, owing, we presume, to the combined effects of the mild temperature and extraordinary humidi ty of the past winter. The Memphis Whig, of Friday last, says : Another heavy rain fell yesterday, wetting the earth most bountifully when there was but little need for it. The atmosphere was cool again last night, and this sort of weather is quite unpropitious for the crops. The Nashville Banner, of-the 7th inst., says : The weather in this section of country has been Very good for planting interests, and such crops as are up are unusually promising. The Pointe Coupee Echo, of Satuiday last, says: Since our last the weather continues highly ' favoiable to the growing crops. Abundance of j rain has fallen in all parts of the parish, and everywhere with us the prospects of the planter j are most promising. The Minden (La.) Herald, of the 7th inst., ! says: We have had floods of rain again. Farmers have been injured a great deal. Every road is ; washed up, bridges carried off, and the “ dickens” played generally. The Concordia Intelligencer, of Saturday last, says: The air is somewhat colder than usual for the season, and the frequen : showers, interspersed with sunshine, would seem to bring the grass and weeds forwaid faster than the cotton. Corn looks well. We learn from an eminent planter in our vi cinity, J. J. Preston, Esq., who planted his cot ton as early as the middle of March this year, that the squares are already falling off, caused probably by the line. This is the case only with his early planting, as his neighbors who planted later have good prospects, with the ex ception of a few fields where bad stands are noticed. The St. Francisville Chronicle, of Saturday last, says; We had several showers during the past week, which, we doubt nut, will cause the grass to spring up rapidly. The cotton and corn crops look finely, and should the rain cease for a time, we will have had a propitious season for cultiva tion. The Lancaster (S. C.) Ledger of the 11 th inst. remarks : We were in hopes that we could inform our readers that the tamers’ fears were dispelled by copious and refreshing showers of rain, but this pleasure is denied us, for the very light rain wc j have had has produced such little moisture that it has been completely evaporated by the sun. Notwithstanding the heat ol the day the morn ings and evenings are cool, which have proved : of injury to the young cotton plants. We are told that the corn, wheat and oats crops are all suffering to a fearful extent for want of ruin. The Canton (Miss.) Citizen of Satuiday last says: There was a most refresing rain on Thursday night, which we suspect was very beneficial to the growing crops in this section. The Alexandria (Red River) Republican of Saturday last says : The weather has been extraordinarily cold for the month of May so far, fires of an evening being one-halt the time quite comfortable. Rains j and storms too, have added to the unpleasantness | of the season. The effects thereof i>on the | crops have been injurious, corn has been very j much hurt, and cotton considerably damaged. The Trinity (La.) Advocate of the llth inst. j says: The weather has been favorable lately for the promotion of vegetation, though with rather a j profusion of rain. The growing crop looks j promising, and if people can manage to keep ■ down grass, an abundant yield may be expect- ' ed. The parish is generally healthy, the waters, by the firm stand ol the levees on the Mississip pi, have, notwithstanding the high flood of that river, kept down to a sale level, and prospects are unusually good. Progress of the Brunswick Road.—A friend has this morning shown us (says the Albany Patriot), a letter received from a gen tleman in Brunswick, formerly of this place, from which we make the following extract : “ The Railroad company are laying down the iron as fast us possible. Three hundred hands are at work on the road. They have some five hundred hands on the Canal, and the work will be completed by the first of June. Three more cargoes of iron have been received.” To the People of Fraklin County. Fellow-Citizens:—Permit me, as a citizen of, the county, and one who is as well acquaint i ed with the locality and geography ot the coun t a any person in it, and having a common i interest with you all, t > address you upon the , subject of a division o. the county, as proposed I by a meeting of a portion of the people of the upper or western side of the county, bold at Wilmot’s, on the sth inst. This is a question I which should be well considered and investiga- I ted before taking any action upon the subject.— I would respectfully ask those of my fellow-citi zens who are moving in this matter,ifthey have examined a map of the county, to see if this can , be done so as to make it more convenient and to accommodate any more of the people of the 1 county, than as it now stands. lam persuaded they have not done so, or they would see from i tho shape and geapraghy ofl.be county that it I cannot be done. I’he county is rather in the : nap - ol a trapezium, and to run a line through the centre, commencing at the junction of the i .'ortli, Middle and South, or Hudson prongs of r 11”: Broad river, which is the only way it can , la: dor e, without making it much more incon _ veuient to a large majority of the people ot the county than at present, running near Carnes s ville to the head of Stephen’s Creek and then . .aking the dividing ridge between the North and diddle rivers to the Habersham line. Will this t accomplish the object contemplated? [ think not. Ihe new Court House must necessarily fall about A. N. Meays’. This will throw the people in the fork of Middle and Hudson rivers some twenty miles from the Court House over the roughest kind of a country, also the people i of the Flintsville district, near the same dis tance over i “gh and hilly country, with rivers and creeks tc 'rors, while you will accommo date only the ; "ople of Anderson’s anil a por -1 tion of Bnsbville districts, more than the way • the county now stands, while you will make a ' county about sixteen miles wide and thirty-five , to forty long, in the shape of an angle. If you g ald a part of Habersham. Hall and Jackson, you | do not betterdt. You still thrown the Court ’ \ House further off from the people of the South , eastern and North-western part of the county. This done, and how do you leave the lower side ( of the county ? In about the same situation.— I Premising the Court House to fall somewhere ,• near Knox’s, you throw the people of a portion uL'M“ ul«!aji«j the lower <unl of the Carnesvi Ile ' r ~ r " w country s j travel over, and the North river to bridge, and ! I also the people of the Flintsville and Eastannol ! lee districts along the Habersham line some sis ! teen or twenty miles off. The people on the I Lightwood-long Creek and along the Savannah , ! river will only be some five or six miles nearer . I than at present. The public buildings of each 1 ! county will cost from six to seven thousand j ' dollars, and you will be told that the of r I your town lots will pay for your public buildings. ! What amount will they raise? Say,some twenty i i or twenty-five hundred dollars, leaving a balance . of some four or five thousands to be raised by , taxation from each new county. This, with . our present heavy tax, will be a heavy draw upon our pockets The State tax of our county at present, I think, is between twenty-three and twenty-four hundred dollars, so you see it will fake at least one hundred per cent, on our pres- I , ent taxes for at least four or five years to pay I ! for our public buildings. This is no fancy sketch ; divide the county and , vou will realize the truth <f the prediction.— Besides, you will have new roads to open and I new bridges to build and keep up by the dis . ; trict hands, or at the expense of the county.— t ; The old roads and bridges cannot be dispensed ; with, as they are on the main highway of all ! the travel from the North-east and South-west, i i and ennnot be so change as to run by the new Court Houses and dispense with the old ! ones. We have now already more roads and . | bridges than we can keep in good order. We have now eight public bridges in the county at | ! an annual cost off about two hundred dollars; ; d'vide the county and you will be compelled to ; I have twice the number. All these expenses . added together will l e no light burthen. I A division of the county would be doing the r citizens of Carnesville a great injustice. They have bought town property and improved it . with the confidence that the county site was 3 permanent. It would ruin many of them whose all is pretty well invested in town property. Tn • conclusion, lam free to admit that some portion . o! the citizens live very inconvenient to the Court House, and that it is burdensome to them to attend to their public duties, say Anderson’s and the Bench districts. But will a division ■ accommodate any more of the citizens of the . county than it will discommode? Any man . who is familiar with the locality and geography of tho county, must agree with me that it will i not. Though opposed to the extravagant policy • ' of making new counties unless an extreme ne . | cessity exist, I can see no objection to running a line from some point west, where the Haber sham line crosses the Middle river to near Wil mot’s. strike the Jackson line near Davids, and 1 by cutting off a corner of Hambersham. Hall . and Jackson, make a county, which would boos convenient size. Then by running a line from Bread river where the lines of Franklin and ! Elbert intersect, to the mouth of Payne’s or Fe“d Creek on the Tugalo river, taking a corner , i of E bar I. another county of good size could be made, and accommodate the two extremes of ; this county, leaving the old county in a proper I shone and <lo no injustice to any one. L , - These foots fellow-citizens, I submit to von I ton your candid ■ccnisnu»*ai.|u l^_j)O pt l >g yon svill ~l give them due reflection before taking action in • I the premises. Your, fellow-citizen, E. VV. Morris. Franklin county, May 1 6lh, 1853. Democratic Lleetingsin Troup County. Pursuant to appointment, a number of the Democratic party of Troup county, met in the ■ Court House, at La Grange, on the 18th inst., for the purpose of sending delegates to the Guberna- I torial Convention, to be held at Milledgeville, on the Lsth day of June next, and also, to ap [ point delegates to the Congressional Convention, to be held at Newnan, on the Ist Wednesday in June. Major George Heard was called to the Chair, and Robt. J. Bacon appointed Secretary. The object of the meeting was explained by the Chairman, and on motion, a committee was ap pointed to draft suitable resolutions. The com i mittee consisted of Messrs. Jas. Russell, C. Pitt ! man, J. Brittan, J. M. Flowers, and Thas. i Greenwood. The committee having retired, after a short absence returned,and submitted the following re i solutions: Resolved, That all past strife and differences I upon temporary issues, between the members of I the old Democratic party, should yield to the great fundamental and permanent principles of ' the party in accordance with which this gov ernment has been administered, with but a few | intermissions, for half a century, and elevated to its present high position among the nations of i the earth. j Resolved, That we regard the re-organization of the Democratic party, and the cordial re-union of its two wings, on terms of perfect equality, as essentia! to the promotion of its principles, and that we deem the triumph of those princi- 1 pies as essential to the existence, happiness, and prosperity of the Union. Resolved, That all persons, whatever may have been their past political opinions, who now be lieve in the correctness of the principles laid down in the inaugural address of President Pierce, and the Baltimore Democratic Platform i of 1852. are respectfully invited to unite with i us, and to them we will extend the hand of po litical fellowship, and with them go forth to bat tle under the glorious banner of Democracy. Resolved, That we do now appoint P. O. Har ! per, Robt. J. Bacon, William A. Spear, James IT. Towns, and James A. Russell, as suitable delegates to attend the Convention, to be held in Milledgeville, on the third Wednesday in i June next, for the purpose of nominating a can ' didate for Governor, and while we cannot but express a decided preference for our own fellow citizen, the Hon. Hugh A. Harals.m, for that of- I flee, yet we will cheerfully abide the action of the Convention, and give the nominee our united and cordial support. ! Resolved, That we do appoint the folllowing gentlemen : Charles D. Pittman, Thomas Ar r >!.!. !■ ;...- L.-.. hen Willis, and Col. J. M. Flowers, as suitable delegates to attend the Con gressional Convention, shortly to assemble at ' Newnan. ! Resolved, That while we congratulate the I Democratic party upon having at the head of ' affairs, a man of profound and disciplined mind, of purest patrioti’m.and unflinching moral cour age, yet our congratulations are mingled with the deepest sorrow, when we remember the loss which the Democratic party, and the country at large have sustained, in the death ofour lament ed Vice-President, whom, for his personal and political integrity, we delighted to honor, while living, and whose noble, enlarged and manly sou), linked him to us by ties which death itself ! cannot sever. The resolutions submitted, were unanimously adopted by the meeting. On motion of P. O. Harper, it was carried by the meeting, That any of the d> legates appoint- ! ed to either of the Conventions,finding it impos sible to attend, shall have the power to appoint a I substitute. A motion was then made and carried, that a ) copy of the proceedings of this meeting, be sent for publication, to the Federal Union, Times & Sentinel, and Constitutionalist. The meeting then a Ijourned. Gi:o. Heard, Chairman. Robt. J. Bacon, Secretary. [communicated.] Hon. Hiram Warner. Mr. Editor:—The names of different indi viduals have been suggested in the public press, ! for the nomination of Chief Magistrate. This is proper, if done in a proper spirit. Very little if any thing, has been said, through the public print, in favor of one ot onr most eminent citi zens. and who is the particular favorite of a large 1 portion of the Democratic party. I allude to the ! Hon. Hiram Warner,a gentleman distinguished alike, as a jurist and a statesman. As a Demo crat lie is unexceptionable. When the recent unhappy sectional strife raged with such viru lence and ferocity, which tore asunder the pha lanx of the Democracy ; but which, fortunately j for us, and for the country, is now well nigh ce- I mented, Judge Warner was among the first who | urged upon the party to forget past differences, | and to rally again under the flag of Democracy’ | With such an individual as this,as a candidate ter I Governor, no apprehension need be entertained I kut that victory will attend us. Lek. 1 Democratic Meeting in Habersham County. At a meeting of the Democratic party, held this day, in the Court House, in Clarksville Habersham county, for the purpose of chosing delegates, to represent said county in the Gub ernatorial Convention, to be held in Milledge ville, on the third Wednesday in June next, the following gentlemen were chosen said dele gates: Dr. George D. Philips, Jesse Sandford, Robert E. McMillerand J. Van Buren. And on motion, the following resolutions were passed : Resolved, That we adopt, and cordially approve the platform laid down, and promulgated by the Baltimore Convention, in 1852. Resolved, That we cordially acquiesce, in the views of Gen. Pierce, as expressed in his in augual address, delivered in Washington City, on the 4th ol March last. Resolved. That we recommend, to the favora ble consideration and support, of the people of this Congressional District, the name of Gen. Wm B. Wofford, as a suitable person to repre sent us in the ensing Congress. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting, be published in the Athens Banner and Augusta Constitutionalist. Phillip Martin. Chairman. W. S. Hackett, Secretary. May llth, 1853. “ The Norwalk Tragedy.” Since the disaster at Norwalk, we find but few papers without some comments under the above head. The disaster was certainly a deplorable one, and the discussion is well .enough, if any practical good is likely to grow out ot it. This I very much doubt, unless the primary cause of the evil should be better understood, and cor rected. There is no economy to railroads in these accidents, as the N. Y. Herald supposes. Whether with or without default, they are dwaslrous to their interests, nod they have every inducement which interest can afford, to use every precaution to avoid their occurrence. Neither Punch.'* re remedy, or any other remedy against directors, would be attended with any result. Examine railroad accidents closely, and you will trace them mainly to three causes, namely—high speed, carelessness of engine men, and the care lessness of passengers themselves. and pertenacfouriy^lem^id^*by"7fie*puTinc— backed by the press, and exacted by the gov ernment, and is the primary cause of nine-tenths of tfie fatal accidents that occur. More fatal ac cidents now occur on the improved roads with heavy rail, then formerly happened upon the flat-bar roads, and mainly from this cau«e. En gines will sometimes run off under any manage ment. The danger is much increased br high speed. Under the pressure of a25 ton engine, with an open throat and a speed of 40 or 50 miles per hour, a secret flaw in .iron, or an invisible rot in timber is more likely to give way, and when this occurs the wreck is complete, and the danger to passengers much increased. At mode rate speed, the train is more manageable, ft can be held up for visible obstructions ahead— there is less strain on the track and machinery, and if a run off docs oecur, the resistance ahead checks the impulse of the train before danger reaches the passengers, if in their places. The public then is responsible for much of the injury complained of. Look at the verdict of the jury in the Norwalk case. The regulations of the company were very perfect, except in limiting the speed on bridges—and this the Journal of Commerce thinks the public would hardly submit to. 2d. The habitual carelessness of engine run ners. No legislation against companies will cor rect this evil. The interests of companies already secure all their vigilance. The pay of thesc men is high,and generally uniform, so that there is no inducement to supply, intentionally, a bad runner. But these officers are numerous, constantly changing, new appointments have to be made, and vacancies suddenly filled. It is as impossible to have perfection in all such ap pointments, as to keep* hypocrites out of the church, cowards out of an army, or corruption out of the government. This is the more difficult, as the most irreproachible characters become habitually careless. The engine becomes their home—they become insensible to dancer—and few men can tax their minds with unbroken vi gilance, except from constant apprehension of personal risk. Perhaps something might be done on this head to aid companies, by inflicting a cfiminal punishment for gross negligence.— Fines and discharges imposed by companies, have certainly proved inefficient. 3d. The carelessness of passengers themselves. By the statistics of railroad accidents, it will be found that about nine-tenths ot the personal injuries happen out of the passenger cars ; in jump ing off, or perhaps on, while the train is in mo tion, or by standing on the platform, from which the rules of all companies very properly exclude them. They pay for “a seat,” and yet they stubbornly refuse to occupy it. This is notedly the case in approaching a station— when there is the most danger. By far the greater number of run offs are at the “switch.” The speed here is slow, and the passengers within the cars rarely feel the shock, but the platform passengers are liable to be injured more less—though seldom fatally. And yet if a conductor interfere with this privelege—known to be against the rules of all companies—he is more apt to be abused than obeyed. To these principal causes, the President of a road in a neighboring State has added a 4th. And probably with truth. That is the practice of many companies in paying for all stock killed on their roads. This they have not done from any belief that they were liable, (except when guilty of some negligence) but to keep up good feeling on the road. This has doubtless, however, become a great nuisance— not only to the road, but to the public. Former ly when companies did not pay, stock was rarely’’ killed, and trains seldom thrown off from this cause : but this evils has become enormous, and is increasing from yearto year. The President referred to, informed the writer that his com pany formerly paid for stock, but they soon found that stock scarcely very died a natural death on or near the road. Well cattle were suffered to run where they would be killed sick cattle were driven there, and dead cattle often hauled to the road. They quit paying, and now he says, people take bettor care of their stock, and very little is killed. As the expert ence of all companies is the same with that of ♦he company referred to. it is by no mean cer tain that all should not follow its example. In the above brief sketch, my object is not to excuse “the Norwalk Tragedy.” This was the result of gross negligence, and can neither be excused or palliated. Stieh a case never hap pened before. And even under the breakneck rivalry in high speed at the North, would proba. bly not again happen in a thousand years. Nor smy object to exempt companies from all rea sonable vigilance in guarding against accidents I only wish to show that little can be done legislation until a permicious appetite in the pub lic for this high speed is corrected. If any thin can be done by legislation, I think it must be by the passage of laws in every State, limiting running speed to 20 miles an hour—reducing it to 4 miles per hour on bridges— and inflicting severe cnminaZ punishment on engine men, and other responsible officers, for gross negligence Even with all these exciting accidents at the North, taken as a whole, railroads afford by far the safest mode of travelling in the world. With moderate speed and ordinary care by passengers themselves, it is almost free from danger. Look at the history of our Southern roads. It is be lieved that no passenger in the passenger ear has ever los’ his life on anj’ road in Georgia. If there be an exception, I don’t recollect it.— There have been but few persons injured of any kind, and they have generally happened to be passengers out of their places. But our speed is the subject of continued complaint, and the remon strances against the 4 mile rule on bridges, is a re gular bore. I conclude by saying, that if public opinion at the North will not submit to any re duction of speed,. even on bridges, they should be less surprised at the inevitable consequences. A Traveller, [communicated.] Warrenton, (Geo.,) May 17th 1853. In pursuance of previous notice, a portion of the citizens of Warren county, convened at the Court House, at. 10 o’clock, A. M when or. motion of Jsaac B. Huff, Esq., A. R. Mershon. Esq., was called to the chair, and on motion of E. H. Pottle, Esq., E. V. Culver, was requested to act as Secretary. The Chairman of the Meeting, explained the object to be, to take into consideration the pro priety of having a county celebration of the ap proaching anniversary of American Indepen dence, and to make preliminary arrangements for the same. On motion, the Chair appointed a committee ! of five, consisting of Dr. Wm. H. Pilcher J. | F. Kinsey, Thomas J. Wheeler, Henry R Cody ; and M. H. Wellborn, to select an orator for the ; occasion. Ihe Committee, after retiripg for a few mo ments, returned and announced the name of Jesse M. Jones, Esq , as the orator of the day. On motion the following named gentlemen were appointed a committee, to make all neces sary arrangements for the day, viz Dr M F Swinney, Col. C. A. Lightfoot, Capt E. H. Pot ilf> ’ ,) V v lborn > Andrew Jackson and Isaac B. Huff, Esqs. On motion of Mr. Huff, a committee of nine were appointed, for the purpose of inquiring in to the propriety of having a public dinner, on the forth coming 4th of July, with instructions to report to an adjourned meeting, to be held on the first Tuesday in next month, at which time it is particularly requested, that the citizens gen erally and universally meet at the Court House lor the purpose of hearing the report of the com mittee and taking such other steps for the pur pose of carrying out the object of this meeting, as may be found necessary. w 1 ur chair appointed as that committee, Messrs. N -W- Anderson Thos. J. Wheeler, Henry R. Cody, Dr. Wm. H. Pilcher. Col. C A Liaht Joseph Wallen. Esq Dr. Sterling Gibson, Dr M. E. Swinney and Isaac B. Huff, F.sqs. On motion of Dr. Pilcher, the Chairma.i of the meeting was added to the committee. • i <i m °^ on ’ ttle Sef re,B, y was <lirected to fur nish the Constitutionalist be Republic and Chronicle V bm/mcZ ot Augusta, with a copy of the pro ceedings ot the day—with a request that the same be published. The meeting then adjourned till the first luesday in June next at 10 o’clock, A. M. p v n i R' Mershon, Chairman. E. V. Culver, Secretary. A. syphon for dairymen is novvTn use in Scot land, by means ol which the milk is drawn away o'ffthe miYk 8111 ' * llS^a( * ot 6 h |m ming the cream
