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feJeeklu (hcouvaani MqmbUt BY JAMES GARDNER, JR. (I'linntitutiuiinii'ji NOTICE. fTIHL ’imb'’ Conimi'-siouera appointed in JL the r.«?t autborixinp the formation of the “Sa \ tnnnh River Valley Railrou t Company, - ' hereby give not ee thit the Books for subscription to the Capital S'ock of snid Company. will ho opened in the own of Hamburg, on Monday, the 11th day of July n«xt. r.nd kept opened from day to day as lone ;a yr «de mod rvet<«ary The undersigne* l . by virtue us the row*-rs con fem d upon then hv the act of the General As seai’.’v before referred :o. hereby appoint ns Com missioners tn open IL oks and receive subscrip tions at the several places, named the following persons At " ood-Lawn. I'Jgefi 'ld Bi-triet, Thos McKie, John I' Middleton. and John B Holmes. At Don « G dd M.ne, Edgtfivid District, Win B. Dorn. Wily Harris m, .'.ftieus TucKer. James Tompkins, and Jo<oph H. Jennings. Ar CUhcun s Mills A’ »t\ille District, W. D. Partlow. A Houston. D M. Rodgers. J. A. Nor wood. and Dr. William Tennant- At L»»udivide. Abbeville District. John Speer. Banister AM. Geo™ R. McCalla. Joseph T. Ban kt.*, and Robert M. Davis. A’ Mofitsvilie. Andv: t. District Elias Earle, William >hc.-rard. and James Gilmore. At Abbeville. C. 11.. R. II Wardlaw, Jno. White, B. I. Bosey, Col. John C. Martin, and John McLa rin. At Anderson Court House. A. 0. Norris, B. F. i Crayto” a vi Thomas Sherrard. The Commissioners hereby appointed, will open I books*at the several places unmed, on Monday, the ; 11th div of July next, and keen them open for tbiivj d.***-* and receive such Mibs- , ripiions to the stoefc ui ti.e Company as may be vfervd j. W. 8 HIKES. CHAS HAMMOND, J J BLACKWOOD, A BURNSIDE, BENJ» BAIRD. Hamburg, May 12th. 1853. 5 may 24 EAGLES PHfENIX HOTEL, AUGUSTA. GEORGIA. 1 trrslltXG TO RETIRE, I will sell on \ > fiv i’-th’e terms, to a competent person. A the FURNITURE and LEASE, until October. 15.4. oft c above maol Establishment, contain ing «p* irds of fifty Rooms. Mr. Fraser will improve the property and extend the Lease two armor years, at a moderate Rent, io an approved purchaser. Apply tn Mr. Chas. Baker, or invelt J.RICKMAN, mar 17 ’ I2dk.lc Proprietor. STONE MOUNTAIN HOTEL “Fo RE NT? THIS Largo and commodious Hotel, situated at the ba.-e of the Mountain, has undergone a thorough repair, with the addition of THIRTY ROOMS. The Subscribers deem it unnecessary here to descant upon th'* merits of this delightful Summer Retreat. a> they slitter themselves that the healtb fnlaess and puri-v of the atmosphere, and the beau y of its nnt-iral sc mery. will afford sufficient inducement to those who may wish to rent it. The Hotel ’> uow furnished with everything necessary for immediate op «ration, and every care has been taken in the selection of rin table furniture. Any per son wishing tn rent it for the present season, for farther particulars, wiP i lease address TKOS. X WM JOHNSON, J. L HAMILTON. may 7 etf Adm'rs. of A. Johnson, dee d. CHEROKEE SPRINGS y I’l LL open the 17th June, under the superin vr tendance of Col. Wm. Murray and Lady. These Springs are pure, limpid, and cool, consist ing of Ch'.ly ♦ ate, White Sulphur. Limestone and Frec innt-. The medicinal properties will s »on be made public, as Pr »f Means, of Emory College, is now preparing an Analysis. They are located 5$ miles beyond the Tunnel, on the State Road, three quarters’of a tui’e from Col. Ramsey’s platform, used for Catoosa also: where visitors will find Hacks always ready. Terms of board ] w. may 20 lawAdAdc J. G. PI.NISTON. GEORGIA rURR MILL STONE MANU FACTORY. Tj.IE SUBSCRIBER, thankful for the kind pa tronage received, would respectfully inform his friend® and the public, that he continues to exe eate order* for his well known, warranted Georgia BUtlh .MILL STONES of every desired s ze. at reduced price* and shortest notice. Said Mill Stones are made by the same workman usually ina ; kin 4 f r Jonas H ays] ip. of Burke county, the old I est and best exoericaeed workman of the kind ir. the State. Address me st Holcomb. Burke cour.tr. Ga apr 12 d 12- JAMES STEVENS. ' ICE ! ICE !' ICE !!! THE ELLIS STREET ICE COMPANY have received the greater part of their supplies of ICE for the season. and now offer it for sale ; first selling from the Jackson street leo House by re tail at 3j cents per pound, or by the $6 worth tickets at 3 cents, at which prices not less than - pounds will be sold at a time. At whnlesa’o to Hotels, Bar Rooms, Soda Foun tains and other largo consumers by the s2l) of ’W-te*4w- w':.‘ ' ::->> !<ss that, 50pounds will be delivered at a time. Terms cash, on delivery. AU orders from the country, directed to A. Deas, Ager.’. Ellis Street Ice Company. Augusta, will re ceive prompt a'tention. Packages and Blanket.- furnished at the customary prices, and the le< 'carefully packed, to be sent by Railroad, if de sired --?»• The House will ho opened from sun-nai till run sot. and on the Sabbath from 7 o'clock un til 10 o'clock, A. M., and from 12 o clock until 2 P. M Tickets may bo purchased from the Agent. .Mr. A. Beas, at the Ice House. apr 10 d«4e!4 CIRCULAR SAW MILLS. THE Ist—t and awarded the first ;trr- m no one of which ha* ever {ailed to givi the most abundant "t’isfaction and will keep coo l with at ra’cr. are now for sale in Augusta. Ga ■and are i operation in various parts of North and South Carolina, and Georgia Perrons interester n thelum'.e bubnes.’ :! ro resoectfully invited t< alt and <r t o «. their p-rformaneo, or addri ss. pre paiii.chu f »Bcwing persons, wbahave them at work an i amheriaed to act as agents for the sale of mills: HIRAM WELLS. Northampton. Mass. J G. A M b ANTHONY, irparta, Ga. HENRY STEVENS. n »reen? , boro’ , lia. HOBT. W MATTHEWS, Williston, S. C. J. J HOLLAND,Tinker's Creek, S. C. .7. Bl BINK. A. BANCUM, Wadesboro'N.C. P J. WRAY, Raleigh. N. C. The fo'l-wing is true of every Mill started hr me or toy AgenU. and those started hereafter, will bo guarantied to give orpial satisfaction. Haxcock Co> nTY, <la. .May 14, 1353 Mr 0. Child—Dear Sir Arer having given your Double Circular Saw Mill a fair trial, we uro pre pared to say to you. that • o are well satisfied with IU performance, and with pleasure recommend them to all persons engaged in the lumber business. Nothing in reason could induce us to exchange "tgain for the up and down saw. us we can saw dou ble the lumber in the same time and with much less trouble and cxpeMO. Very respectfully your|. J. (J. A M. S. ANTHONY. The price of a Mill, with Head Blocks, teed and backing <. • r. ur.il irons for twenty foot of ways. $350. and the freight* adik 1. Portable and Sta tionary Engines, adapted to the above Mills, fur nished at low rates for co-h. AU I'tdcrs sent to 0. CHILD, Augusta, Ga., will rMflive prompt ntteotioß. wtf may 25_ AXES. THE well known snperio'ity of the GENUINE HARTFORD COLLINS AXES, has induced some manu<*cturers to stamp their axes II COD LlNS.n’d each axe* o ' frequently sold as my manufacture. The GENUINE COLLINS AXES, which have been made under my direction for more thnn tweit.’v-five years, and which have sustained such an unrivalle 1 reputation, are invariably stamped COLLIN’ A CO. HARTFORD. They are to be found at our D pot in the city of New York, and at the principal Hur ware Store* in the large cities. bA M L W. COLLINS, New York. aprs cly WARREN COUNTY. GEORGIA. a 1.1. Exeeurors, Administrators »nd Guardian* Ja. in said coun r y, are hereby notlucd and re quested to make their annual returns to the Ordi nary’s office, in Warrenton, by the first Monday in July next, or they will be proceeded against as the law direct. ARDEN R. ' ERSHON, may 24 cl _ Ordinary LOST —On the l«th ins’anr, within three miles of the town of Greenville. Meriwether conn ly, Ga .a POCKET BOOK containing the follow ing notes, vis: u note on John Jones and John Flo-d, of said county, for s■** SIW), due 25th flee., 1853. payable to subscriber, f note on William Beauch amp, of said county, for S2B". dated about the last of Feb.. 1853, duo one day as er date, and payable ’o -übrerilor. A note on Milton P.Tuck er, K. B Daek, and Albert Jeter, of said county, for £450. due »sth Dec . 1852, payable to W. D. Martin. A note on W. D Martin, of raid county, for $1,500, or about that amount, the date not recollected, but due one day afterdate. All per sons are hereby warned not to trade for any of the above note*, aa the makers have i-ten notified not to pay them t», any one Out the subscriber. A liberal reward will be given to any pers-su find ing ttc a’ ove Pocket Book and Notes, arid leaving them nt the st re of Elli”, Simonton A Co., Green ville, Meviwi th r county, Ga , or at the residence *,f the subserihi r in «aid county. may 24 eJS A. f . 11l I.L. •"*' CARRIAGES. Ws’ have on hand, and are receiving, a good aS ortment of CARRIAGES, Hockaways, Barouches. Buggies and Light Carryalls. Also, Hack and R’ ad Wagons, together with an assort ment of Harness, Buggy Lmbrelas, Whips, Trunks Carpet Bass. Vahces, < hildren s Cabs and Wagons. Carrie Bolts, by the package or single one all of wtlth will be sold on reasonable terms, al the store formerly occupied by the late H S Hoadley. Repairing done at short notice. " “ J WYMAif & DARROW. aprß ely REWARD Lost, between Col. Clan ton's Kewell plantation and At'gusta, O" the 10th inst., a larger leather POCKET 8001 , containing 260 dollars, in 10 dollar bills, all on t .e State Bank ; together with some 230 dollars in re ceipts, of no use to any body but myself. may 17 v * &• DYE. PLANTATION FOR SALE. THE SUBSCrt IBI.H. being desirous of locating in another State, offers for sale his PLAN TATION in Columbia Connty, about 15 miles from Au.'U' ta. On the place ia a good Dwelling witi an necessary outbuildings. There i* between six and seven hundred Acre- of LAND, adjoining Nathaniel Bailey and Geo. W. Crawford one hun dred of which is in wood land, Oak and Hickory. For further parti-'Hors U| ply on the promises, or to nov 5 ett G. A. HILL, Bell Air. LAItD. —5 bbls.in etoroand for sale by may 31 S. C. GRENVILLE A CO. The Dead Trumpeter. BY T. K. IIERVKY’, Wake, soldier! wake! thy war horse waits! To bear thee to tho battle back : Thou slumbercst at a foemnn s gates. Thy dog would break thy bivouac : Thy plume is trailing in tho dust, And thy red falchion gathering dust ! Sleep, soldier, sleep ' thy warfare o'er— Not thine own buglcs s loudest strain Shall o'er break thy slumbers more, With summons to the battle plain : A trumpet note more loud ami deep. Must rouse thee from that leaden sleep ' Thou need'st not holm nor cuirass now. Beyond the Grecian hero's boast, Th-'U wilt not quail thy naked brow. Nor shrink before a myriad host . For head and bool alike are sound, A thousand arrows cannot wound. Thy mother is not in thy dreams, With that wild, widowed look she wore, The day—how long to her it seems! She kissed thee at the cottage door. An I sickened at tho sounds of joy, Chat bore away her only boy ! Sleep, soldier, sleep ' lot thy mother wait, To hear tho bugle on tho blast : Thy dog. perhaps, may find thy gate, And bid her home to thee at lust; l r .* cannot toll a sadder tale f - did thy clarion on tho galo. 1..-11 last—and tar away—she heard ' i * -ering echoes fall. 'I I ■ Sailor's Burial al Sea. I. MRS. .SXN S. STKCHKNS. Slowly—-'a ’ with slackened speed Onrshi- . • <-1 over tho heaving ocean. With the •••v i hinge of a well tried stood Wa. n ’.ho r.i< • !- ova.-, and Ills too in motion. Dark clouds hung low o’er flic surging deep, The cordage sigh'd like harp strings broken. As the wind went by, with a mournful sweep, Like a funeral wail half wept—halt spoken. Then came tho s ow. dull tramp of feet. And over tho trembling dock they boro him, Wrapp'd close in hiseanvas winding sheet, With the men behind and his chief before him. Wo gathered around the prostrate dead ; Not a voice was heard—the w n i seemed failing, While each sturdy seaman bared his head; Then it swelled again like a spirit wailing. And with tho wind rose a full deep tone— A voice 'mid the tempest firmly reading— Which blent and swell d with the ocean's moan. Till it rose to heaven, like an angel pleading A dull b.oarse plunge—a smothered sigh— As we saw the sullen waves receive him ; And each seaman shrank with a mournful eye, From the watery gulf as we turned to leave him. Then tho tempest rose, with a wild sharp swell, And our ship rush'd on with a mighty shiver— On on—we fled from the tempest knell That moans o'er that ocean grave forever. The College of Cardinals. This sacred College is an ancient institution ; how old is not known with any exactness. Car dinal bishops and Cardinal clerks are mentioned in a decree of Nicholas 11. who became Bishop .of Rome about the year 1059, which decree al tered the-mode of electing the Pope. The term Cardinal, however, had been in use long before that date, and seems to have been employed to designate the principal ministers of churches. It was used in the Latin and Gallican churches, as well as that in Rome. The Rev. Hugh Stowell Brow n, of Liverpool, England, in a couple of in teresting lectures on the ’’ College of CanP .als,” which a friend has put into our hands, says that Nicholas 11, first formed the Cardinals into a ’ College.” They numbered thirty-five, being seven Cardinal bishops, who occupied the seven suburbicarian sees, and twenty-eight Cardinal clerks, who were the chief presbyters of the twenty-eight parish churches of Rome. The constitution of the College was material ly altered by Pope Alexander 111, and by a de cree of the third Latteran Council, held at Rome in 1779, the election of the Pope was confined solei vto the College. Before that he had be - i el-cted bv the clergv and people. From t ■ •ime of the election of the Pope being inves* ■ I n the Cardinal te. the College of Cardinals b - came a great and important institution in t r Romish Church. At the latter end of the si < I teenth century Pope Sixtus V, finally' fixed t : ■ I number of Cardinals at seventy. It rema. ■ now in all important particulars as he left : consisting of, when it has its full complement I members, six Cardinal bishops, fifty Cardi I priests and fourteen Cardinal deacons. A.r Brown«nake»the following distinctions: ’’ A Cardinal may be a bishop, and yet no‘ i Cardinal bishop. A Cardinal must be the bish ;> of one of the six sees already named, Ostia, Poi ’o, ' Sabina. Palestrina, Albano, Franscati: uni’s} one of these be his episcopal seat, he is not a Car- ' dinal bishop.though he may be lioth Cardinal and I j._ . . Wl--*.i:xi. A: - ‘ ' bishop, although he is a bishop, even an arch- | bishop, and a Cardinal withal. Still he is not a Cardinal bishop, because he is not the bishop ot sny of the six suburbicaiian sees. S<P also, a Cardinal priest may be a bishop,or an archbishop. This is Dr. Wiseman’s case. He is a Cardinal priest,as he informs his flock in his pastoral.— •• We have to announce to you. dearly beloved in Christ that, as if still further to add solemnity and honor before the church to this noble act ot apostolic authority, and to give an additional mark of paternal benevolence towards the Cath olics of England, his holiness was pleased to raise us, in the private consistory of Monday the 30th of September, to the rank of Cardinal priest of the Holy Romon Church.” But the Cardinal priests must have titles derived from some church in Rome: and thus we find, that Cardinal Wise man has a church there, for he says that hisho lipess assigned us, afterwards, for our title in the .irivAe consistory, which we attended, the -bit' " •■' St Pudentiana, in which St. Peter is grom 1-Jlv believed to have enjoyed the hospi 'ality 1 noble and partly British family of theseii.i'o Pudena,’ This is the only remnant of the ! "•>■’ ’ elect their bishops, anciently en joyed bv Roman clergy. The Cardinal priests are »: no ted to some parish church in Rome: the <' ’ ia! deacons, also, to some eccle siastical func ioii there; so that the Cardinalsare still the representatives (in appearance) of the Romi«h clergy. Although lh» Cardinals have been almost ex clusively eiergymsp, sitill laymen may and have been made B|prdinalb. '£hu Cardinal Albani, who managed the elections ot tnfgg succesiye Popes, Pius VIII, LeoXU, and Gregory £7l, was a layman, unordained. In council, and in their official capacity, each Cardinal is distin guished by the title under which he was raised re the Cardinalate. Thus Dr. Wiseman is rec ognized at Rome, nntps Cardinal Wiseman, but as the Cardinal St. Pudentiana. The Cardinal itial dress is showy and really splendid, the red cap is sent by the Pope to the man whom he intends to exalt to the office : while the hat is never sent to any but those of royal blood, being in all other cases placed upon the new Cardinal’s head by the hands of the Pone himself. The “ Cardinaiitial hat” was first given in the year 1213. It is triangular. The other portions of Iress are red stockings, and red tunic, cloak or mantle. If a member of a religious order be made a Cardinal, however, he continues t<? .dress in the costume of his own fraternity. Os course many members of the Sacred Cql lege are possessed of great wealth, but this is not derived from their office, the salary of which is about .£BOO a year, subject to a deduction ot ten per cent. He may hold other offices, temporal or -piritua), and receive a stipend from them also. For fourteen days after a new Cardinal is ap pointed he is not permitted to speak in the con sistory or voie in the conclave. Cardinal Medici, afterward LeoX, w«is ujgde a Cardinal at the age of thirteen ; many others have reppived the hat in mere boyhood. To many of our readers these facts will con vey no information ; tostill more, however, they will exhibit the nature and constitution of the Sacred College in a more concise form than usual, and will probably be interesting.— N. Y. Commercial .Atlvertuer. Pleasant Anticipations. Mr. Porter concludes one of his pamphlets on a-rial navigation with the following flight of prospective fancy; “It may be anticipated that within a few months these .Trial machines may be seen soar ing in various directions, and at different eleva tions,some apparently among or above the clouds, and others, hire swallows, sailing leisurely just above the surface of the earth. The sides ot the most lofty and rugged mountains and the fertile valleys will be alike reconnoitered. Let our gentle readers imagine themselves to be vis iting the pleasant ami excellent literary estab lishment on the summit of Mount Holyoke on a sunny morning in the baimy month of June, and gently descending thence towards the verdant plans which border the meandering Connecti cut, and then, at an elevation of onlj eight or ten feet from the ground, tailing moderately over the rich fields of broom and grain, and over the flower spangled fields of grass waiving to the western breeze, and conversing by the way with the merry farmers, as they follow their re creative avocation of hay making; then ascend ing with accelerated velocity to the altitude of refreshing temperature, and returning to New York to dine. Or suppose yourselves leisurely crashing along by the sleep and rugged sides of the Rocky Mountains and laughing at the astonished coun tenance of the harmless grizzly bear, or at the agility of the frightened antelope ; and then de scending to the extensive prairies to watch the prancing oi im-’ '«i'd horses, or the furious rush ing of hordes of buflaloe.. These things are in deed but fancies at present, but in a months these fancies may become pleasant realities in America, while the proud nations of Europe are staring and wondering at the soaring enterprise of the independent citizens of the United States.'’ Ik Mzevnr, Appointed a Consul.—The Donald G. M itcfapll. who has been appointed Consul to Venice, is no less a parsonage than the celebrated Ik Marvel, the great dreamsi', who has written the Reveries of a Bachelor,” and other works of fiction and fancy. Mr. Mitchell is a good sctiollai, »n accomplished gentleman, and no doubt will discharge the duties of his consulate acceptably to the nation.— Boilnn Cou rier. A Thrilling Scene. BY CHAS. RAND. The following narrative—a true one—de scribes a scene that actually took place not ma ny years since,in a country town in the Slate oi Maine: , Ono evening in tl e month of December, ISJI, a number of townsmen had assembled in the store of a Mr. Thomas Putnam, to talk over ‘ matters and things’—smoke—drink —and, in short, to do anything to‘kill time.’ Three hours had thus-passed awav. they had laughed, and talked, and drank, and chattel, and bad a good time, generally, so that about the usual hours ol shutting up shop, each of the party felt particularly first rate. 1 Come, - said Charles Hatch—one of the com pany—‘let’s all liquor, and then have a game of high, low. Jack 1 ‘So I say,’ exclaimed another, ‘ who’s got the cards?’ ‘ Fetch on your keerds,’ drawled out a third, his eyes half closed through the effects of the li quor he bad drank. After drinking all round, an old pine table was drawn up before the fire place, where burned large fire of hemlock logs, which would snap and crackle—throwing laige live coals out upon the hearth. All drew round the table, seating themselves on whatever came handiest. Four of them had rolled up to the table some kegs, which from their weight, were supposed to contain nrms. ’ Now.' said Hatch, ‘ how shall we play—eve ry’ one tor himself?’ • No—have paitners,’ growled one man. ‘ I say every one for himself,’ exclaimed an other,’ ’No bang’d it I 'll piny so.’ .-housed the former, bringing bis list dor nup ui the tub knoclcir,g one candle out of the stick, and another upon the floor. ‘ Come, come.’said Hatch, ‘no quarrelling— all who say for having partners, stand up.’ Three arose. ‘ Now. all who say each one for himself, sland up.’ The remaining four immediately’ got up. ‘ You see Barclay,’said Hatch, ‘the majority are against you. Come, will you play ?’ ‘Well, as I don’t want to be on the opposite side, I’ll play, answered Barclay, somewhat cooled down. M r. Putnam was not in the store that evening, and the clerks, who were busy behind the coun ter, had taken very little notice of the proceed ings. About half-past ten, Mr. Putnam thought he would step over to his store and see that every thing was safe. As he went in he walked up to wards the fire. When within a few steps of where the men were sitting, he started back in horror. Before him sat seven men half crazy with drink and the excitement of playing cards. There they were, within a few feet ot the fire just de scribed—and four of them seated ox kegs ok powder ! Barclay’—who was a very heavy man—had pressed in the head of the keg on which he sat, bursting the top hoop and pressing the powder out through the chinks. By the continued mo tion of their feet the powder had become spread about the floor, and now covered a space of two feet all around them. Mr. Putnam’s first movement was towards the door, but, recovering himself, he walked up towards the fire. Should either of them attempt to rise—bethought—and scatter a few grains a little further into the fire place where lay a quantity of live coak! At this moment Hatch looked up, and, seeing Mr. Putnam with his face deadly pale, gazing into the fire, exclaimed— ‘ Why, Putnam, what ails you,’ and at the same time made a motion to rise. sFor heaven’s sake, gentlemen, do not rise,’ said Mr. Putnam. ‘ Four of you sit on kegs of powder, it is scattered all around you—one movement might send you all to eternity. There are two buckets of water behind the bar. But, keep your seats for one minute, and you are saved—move, and you are dead men !’ In an instant every man was perfectly sober ed, not a limb moved—each seemed parklyzed. In less time than we have taken to describe this thrilling scene, Mr. Putnam had poured the water, and completely saturated the powder on the floor, and extinguished the fire, so that an explosion was impossible. Then, and not till then, was there a word spoken 1 A New Amusement. We have sometimes thought it might prove a most useful thing for the pale, feeble and sickly’ young women of the present day, if some com petent person should get up a series of amuse- l ments for them, of a kind fitted to des elope and > strengthen their physical powers. Suppose, for ; example we should get an amusement styled “ Taking off our Grandmothers,” in which one or several of these feeble young women should I appear in short-gown and petticoat, with pails, I • 1 and f.Juu scrubbing the floor—mind, onlv play it oi co:.- to be effectively-played it should be done as vigo- I rously, and nearly like our grandmothers who did ■ it in earnest as possible. The brush should be laid on as hard, and the ! floor be made as clean as if done in earnest in- 1 stead of fun. but you are to remember that it is only to be fun. fashionable fun, and you know that a great many fashionable amusements are • as fatiguing as scrubbing floors; for instance, dancing all night. Only let some ingenious i body contrive to make it a fashionable amuse ment to take off our grandmothers’ floor scrub bing. and our word for it, many of our fashion able young women, who don’t seem to have strength enough to pick up a lan or handkerchief would go through the whole process ol scrubbing a floor and do it well. For this purpose have a small tub or bucket of warm water, an old saucer to hold a piece of brown soap, a thick tov. -linen floor-cloth, and a long-handled scrubbing brush. Dip the whole of the floor-cloth into the water, and with it wet j a portion of the floor. Next, rub some soap on ; the bristles of the brush, and scrub hard all over the wet place. Then dip your cloth into the I water, and with it wash the suds off the floor. 1 Wring the cloth, wet it again, and wipe the floor with it a second time. Lastly, wash the cloth about in the water, wring it as dry as pos sible, and give the floor a last and bard wiping with it. As few of our fashionable friends would know • how to get up this amusement, on account of j never having seen it done, we supply the receipe ; from our collection of hints to house-wives. Afterwards go on the next part ot the floor, I wei it, ;crub it, wipe it three times, and pro ceed it in the same manner, a piece at a time, till you have gone over the whole,changing this dirty water for clean whenever you find it ne cessary. When the floor has been scrubbed, leave the sashes raised while it is drying. For scouring common floors that are very dirty, have by you an old tin pan with some gray sand in it, and after soaping the brush, rub on it some sand also. We believe the above are the necessary direc tions, and strictly followed, they will constitute an amusement of the most taking character, and many a gentleman, who wouldn’t give a straw for all the polkas that were ever invented, would give his eyes and his heart for a sight of the young ladies “ Taking off their Grandmothers.” —Jlrime Courier. 4 Bpy's Letter. The following specimen of a boy’s letter, from an English Comic Annual, is one of the richest things of the kind we have ever seen. There is, as an exchange remarks, such a truth of char acter in it—so much of that spirit of drollery, mixed with mischief, which of'en prevails in the young rogues of the male sex, that one cannot help declaring it to be, in its own words, *’ capi tal fun.” The epistle is sent by a country buy to what a cockney would call his “friend in i lawn ” ‘‘Now, Bob,l'|l tell you what I want. I want you come down here for the holidays. Don’t be afraid. Ask your sister to ask you;’ mother to ask your father to let you come. It’s only ninety miles. The two ’prentices, George and Will, are here to make farmers of ; and brother Nick is took home from school to help in agri culture. We like farming very much, it’s capi tal fun. ITs four have a gun and go out shooting; it’s a famous good gun. and sure to go off if you don’t full cock it. Tiger is to be our shooting dog, as soon as he has left off killing the sheep. He’s real savage, and worries cats beautiful. Be fore father comes down We mean to bait our bull with him. There’s plenty of new rivers about, and we’re going a fishing as soon as we’ve mended our top joint, We’ve a pony, too, to ride upon, when we can catch him ; but he’s loose in the paddock—he has neither mane nor tail, to signily. to lay hold of. Isn’t it fine, Bob? You must come. If your mother won’t give you leave to allow you—run away. Remember j you turn up Goswell street,to go to Lincolnshire, I and ask for Widdlefen Hall. There’s a pond full 1 of frogs, but we won’t pelt them till you come ; let it be before Sunday, a» there’s our own or chard to rob, and the fruit’s to be gathered on Monday. If you like sucking raw eggs, we know where the hens lay, and mother don’t; and I’m bound there's lots of bird’s nests. Do come. Bob, and I’ll show you the wasps nest,and everything that can make you comfortable. I dare say you could borrow your father’s volun teer musket of him without him knowing it; but be sure to bring the ramrod,as we have mis laid ours by firing it off.” The Memory or the Dead.—lt is an ex quisite and beautiful thing in our nature, that when the heart is touched anil softened by some tranquil happiness or affectionate feeling, the memory of the dead comes over it most power fully and irresistibly. It would seem almost as though our better thoughts and sympathies were charms, irt yirfi.e of which the soul is enabled to hold some vague and mysterious intercourse with the spirits of those whom we loved in life. Alas! how often and how long rnay those pa tient angels hover around us, watching lor the spell which is so seldom uttered and so soon for gotten.—Dickene. Wages in Ireland, owing to the “continued exodus, have reuchpil a higher point than even duiing the war.” A large railroad contractor reports ten shillings per week as the lowest rate at which he can now procure laborers of an or dinary cIfWS, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 8, 1853. AUGI S'l’A, GEORGIA. SATURDAY MORNING,.... JUNE 4, 1853 Statistics of Orline. Our readers will find the second number on this sub)’ ct, Irom the able pen of Judge Starnes which will be found in our columns, replete with interest and instruction. It shows a gratifying condition ol the state of our criminal dockets, in comparison with those of the most enlightened countries of Europe, and the most enlighl lied among the non-slaveholding States of this confederacy. It suggests many reflec tions connected with the institution of slavery as it exists among us, calculated to make us little inclined to envy the social condition of those who most loudly revile, or idly waste their un , called for sympathy upon us. ARREs ror General St. Arnaud, French Minister of War, Death or General Cor nemeusk.—The following statement is transla ted Irom a confidential letter received from Pa ris, by the last steamer. As a matter of course, i the occurrence is not alluded to in the French journals. We give it as communicated, making due allowance for possible exaggeration, though the source ol information is too reliable to need such allowance: — “ I ought to tell you that the general, marshal of France, St. Arnaud, Minister of War, was . arrested last evening, by order of the Emperor, lor ‘.bf.feljpwiiig reas”i s. tTftrs aide-<.e-eamp ot the Emperor, found hnnretf in I the cabinet of his Majesty with General St Arnaud. A sum of four hundred thousand francs was there, and the Emperor entering his cabinet, asked for this money, which he destined for the marriage portion of the daughter of General St. Arnaud, General Cornemeu.se searched every where, but war unable to find more than two hundred thousand francs, whereupon he said to General St. Arnaud,‘You and I only have been here, and it is only yourself who could have ta ken it.’ Finding that he could not deny the charge, St. Arnaud instantly drew hissword and killed General Cornemeuse; the latter having merely the time to make a rfegagemenf, piercing the arm ofSt. Arnaud. This scene passed under the eyes of the Emperor, and so suddenly, that he had no time to prevent the two blows. The matter is hushed up, but you may rely upon the facts, as I have them from a source beyound all doubt. St Arnaud, you are aware, is the gene ral who played so prominent a part in the coup d'etat of December. Without pronouncing upon the guilt or innocence ot the parties, I cannot avoid observing that consideiing the destination of the money, ! t is extraordinary that St. Arnaud should have taken it, which is equally strange that such a grave charge should have been made ! without probable cause.” Miss Brouan’s Concert. I The Charleston Standard, of June Ist says: i We extract below from the opinion of the Con \ slitulionalist and. Republic of Augusta, upon the ! merits of Miss Brenan, who bids fair to claim ' attention as an artiste. These remarks are mea sured. giving assurance therefore of justness and propriety : “ Her voice is a rich, flexible anil flute-like So prano. It is remarkable for volume and com pass in one yet in the early bloom of woman hood, and unaccustomed to sing to public au diences. Indeed her vocalization has the ap parent maturity of the experienced artiste. The depth of her low notes, which man}’ a distin guished Contralto might her easy flight through the ascending and descending scales, and I her truthfulness and firmness of tone in the most difficult of passages, all gave assurance that the 1 highest walks ot dramatic music are inviting- I ly open to her footsteps.” This young lady is a native of Columbia, in this State, and though it is often said, that na tive merit is seldom properly appreciated, we hope and we believe that our fair friend will find it only one of the many popular errors, which she will be destined to meet with. The truth is, wc are not deficient in the appreciation of native merit. We are deficient in the appreci ation of its assumption. Persons claim honors and rewards not in virtue or merit—not in virtue proper efforts to achieve results, but in virtue of the fact simply that they are natives, i Most people tire in honoring claims like these, : and many native aspirants for distinction, there , fore, have met with disappointments ; but if this 1 young lady should come amongst us, possessing and more than that, she will receive a fair a:«l frank expression ol'aidor and enthusiasm which I has been withheld from foreign artistes of the i highest merit. We are too proud a people to make foreign idols for ourselves, but we have no feeling that would restrain us from joyous praises : of one who has a hereditary right to share in our ■ sympathies and feelings. The stock of cotton in the Liverpool market on the 13th of May, was 728,597 bales,being an I increase of 139,925 over the corresponding period i ot last year. The imports at Liverpool show a decline of 10,871 bales, namely, Ist January to I 13th May, 948.631 ; same time, 1852,959.502 The English consumption has also declined, be ing for the period already mentioned 717,693 bales, against 73-4,906 in the same time of 1852, I showing a decline of 17.207 bales. The U. S. brig Dolphin sailed from Norfolk Va., on Friday, on a cruise for deefi sea sound j ings, &c. She will be employed in the track towards England and the North of Europe, ma- ■ king a thorough examination for all shoals or ! rocks reported as existing in that route. The fol • lowing are her officers : O. H. Berryman, Lieutenant Com’dg., Earl English, Acting Master, W. T. Truxtun, Passed j Midshipman, G. U. Morris, do., S. A. Englis, Assistant Suigeon, Wm. H. Ward, Midshipman, J. G. Mitchell, do. “To This Coaflexion Have they come at Last.”—The Whig candidate for Congress in the Richmond, Virginia, District, at a recent public discussion, said—“ I am anti-bank, anti tarriff, anti-internal improvement by the Gen eral Government, and anti-distribution of the proceeds ofthe public lands.” Here we see the whole whig platform of by-gone days discarded and blotted out at one fell swoop, by a man de j sirous of representing the heretofore strong fed j eral district of Richmond in Congress. ! Mr. James M. Greene, announces in the last Macon that he has disposed of his i interest in that paper to Mr. Jackson Barnes. We wish the latter success in his new vocation. Fishing *.t Pensacola.—A correspondent of . the Montgomery Journal now on a visit to Peu- ■ sacola, writes as follows : I “ I caught twelve red fish, weighing 20 lbs., four flounders weighing 16 lbs., forty crabs weighing 18 lbs,, 1 pompano weighing 2 lbs., j six sheepheads weighing 21 Ihs., sixty mullets | weighing 15 pounds, half a bushel shrimps, and i one old stingaree weighing 13 lbs.; and hereupon this individual left sea, thinking the devil would i come pext. Pensacola is the prettiest place in j all the world. THe salt water bathing is deli cious.” Brunswick Stocks—Among’the sales 01, stocks in New York on Friday, after the close of the Board, we notice the following:—s7,ooo Brunswick Canal Company at 60, and 100 shares Brunswick City Company’ at 10J. The Weather, in Europe.—The English pa pers give accounts of a severe snow storm at Holrnfirth, England, on x the 9th of May. It commenced snowing violently at six o’clock in the morning, and continued’ without intermis sion throughout the day. The railway trains were delayed in their trips several hours, the | snow being four feet deep on the hills, and 18 1 inches on the plains and vail- ys. The trees on the verge of bursting into'! id I leaf, were covered with snow. Three men got stuck fast in the snow, and but for timely assistance must have perished. Accounts from various parts of the north nnd south of France, refer to the unsea sonableness of the weather, and state that the fields as well as the mountains a;e covered wjth snow. The New York Aldermen, (what a precious set they must be 1) are again in trouble; they entered into a contract with Russ & Reid, for paving Bowery, ata cost of $650,000, and in the face of other parties to do the work as well, for $350,000. The Supreme Court granted an in junction on the contract —the Aidermen ordered the work to proceed in defiance and utter disre gard of the injunction, and have tjrus a second tirrxincurred the panalties which attach to the offence of “ contempt of court.” Tho City Fath ers ol New York are certainly the most reckless, unprincipled, and corrupt men, that ever mis governed a city. What “possesses” them to act so' Wisconsin has given ehqrters for (iftpen thou sand miles of Railroad, that will require MOf),- 900,000 to construct. ' j * i ''—’i Republiran.\ Too HW ’William & Marr. It will be to our readers to learn that the |xnssengors, 180 in number, and the crew, rWthi ß ill-fate 4 ship, have been saved, with thftkxeeption of two. who in en leavoring to i jjpifto the long bout were drown ed. The ber uffigid humane conduct of the two seamen, Wr tfard and Samuel I’. Harris, who refu.-ed to-qis "j*:»hip and abandon the |ws«en gers to helph’*®Lgnd despair, is in noble con trast with th' twardly and reprehensible con duct of Cap " Won and his officers, who availed themselves 0 1 '» flpjt opportunity tq desert anil • no’.’<)//'to *B* iJnMkMgM Il l's. An‘lv.lnl<- the dastardly ~’?rj,|feiaan con-luct of Capt. Stin son sets a seal of in lam v and dis grace, the nr,' - >li®Hma and humane spirits ot Ward and Ha’ the admiral ion and ipprohat humanity we ill rrecei ve. tis they deserve, probation Samis, of the wrecking <<•;■ w r CMie|ff.'in saving the livesand relieving th h-t passengers and crew ofthe Millie I a** Worthy also, of the highlit ■ I'iin'ia'ljimiit’ JJiid Capt. Sands u;'‘iate,|i', feelings of ' iW :have attend ed more to ;e of ’the ship " * ot a itr. an W ;e. cargo. But he no l ’ «f c»’ pad his ifit®j«te and ‘risked his ** 1 11 abandoned by Srin -• j«’aotain igd iu " -o . helpless from a I w* iry '*<• I Agent! V Ts’sE (Jl’ lofan R. Ba- ry a»;.i < I ’aiilvba’’ tjarVi, ashoi jin a safe place, in so hours, with tiie “and in the direction it then prevailed. The passengers might all have been safely landed, and much, if not all of the cargo might have been safed, though perhaps in a dam aged state. The statement of Capt. Stinson, that the William & Mary icent down, was false. She was found afloat three days afterwards, at least twenty miles rom the place she struck, and if the passengers had not been taken off, they doubtless, by working the pumps, could have kept her afloat longer. The agents of the British Government at Nas sau K have taken charge of the passengers saved from the William nnd Ma’ry, and they will he forwarded to New Orleaus, the point of their destination. Mr. Bacon informs us that a con siderable fund had been raised by private sub scription, among tie good citizens ot Nassau, to purchase supplies far the more needy of these unfortunate sufferns. Mr. B. also informs us, that the British passenger act of 1852, makes full provision tor disasters of this kind, and the en tirecost of maintaining these passengers,although borne, in the first instance, by the British Gov ernment, becomes, by’ a section of that act, ii Crown debt, and is recoverable from the “own ers, master, ag/ntr and charterers” ofthe ship— a bond being «' rn a* the port from whence the ship sails to cAtC any such contingencies. The cost of maintaining the passengers at Nassau, and transporting then to New Orleans, will be about SI,OOO. We appsnd the following particulars, which we find in the Bahama (at Nassau) Herald: The Am. Ship’William and Mary,” of Bath, Maine, Stinson, master, from Liverpool for New ! Orleans, with a cargo of Rail Road Iron, I’ig ! Iron, Dry Goods nnd Crockery, and 180 Emi- , grant passengers, struck on a small rock (9 feet , under water) neai the Great Isaacs, on Tuesday evening, Mav 3rd,, at 20 m. past 8 o’clock. The | ship was ashore about 3 hours. Three .of the crew who have airived at this port state, that after the ship struck, they let go one Anchor— parted the chain and then let go the other An chor. The boats were got out. two of which were stove. At 6, a. m., the Captain, with the Mates and a part, of the crew, left in on° of the boats, and four seamen and passengers, filling the long boat,: Iso left. Two passengers in en deavouring te “t in the long boat were drown ed. Two Wm. Ward and Samuel D. Harris, quit the ship and abandon the helpin' ./ nd, fo-aiiunale passengers. Discern- \ ingjß f f&priiles ahead, they shipped! the cja. -di d i IBb get the ship under way. in-kiffler ii~uolfLa m reach the land and run tnffiship asbor^’one the passengers could render ■ buv little assist Alice iti working the ship, and they were therefore unable to do so. /farf not \ the Captain and crew descried the ship, it is the conviction of thii seamen referred to that the ship | might have been run ashore. Being unable to | manage her for the want of proper assistance, she drifted to the N. E.. ’be passengers exerting themselves to the utmost at the pumps. Du ring the evening, ralts were constructed from spars. &c., but were not launched until the fol lowing morning. Early on the morning ofthe sth the land was seen about 10 miles d staut. and soon after a schr. hove to sight. The colors were set half mast, when the schr. immediately bore d'.iv.n *“ the ship. The passengers re- | purniis, and Were ; Boner; Vtei’,. eomiug al'* gside to their assistane-.’. lire women and children were first j taken ofl and 1 ruled—afterwards the schr. re turned and savr i the remainder ot the passen gers, two nieh sing on the deck when the ship went down (or Friday) but saved themselves by jumping ii o the wrecking schr’s boat.— When the ship went down the West End of Grand Bahama bore about E, N. E. 20 miles distant. Capt, Sands has doubtless been instru mental in saving the lives of all on board, and with the seamen who repnained with the pas sengers, deserves the warm approbation of the humane, and a generous reward from the Brit ish and American Governments. [Fn-ni the Savannah Courier.] Mr. Ck.'Fvan :—I have before me an account : of Georgia, written nearly a century ago. In it j I have noticed some items connected with our ' flourishing city, and, for the information of your 1 readers,have made the following extracts, viz: Number 1 —“ The Province of Georgia, has j the to South Carolina, in the capaci ty and convenience for trade and navigation ; I first in respect to the great number of streams and rivers which are navigable ; secondly, that vessels trading up any of the streams, may un-j load in fresh water, or after they are unloaded, run three or four miles higher up and he in fresh water, where in 48 hours, the fresh water will ; dissolve the Sea Salt (the Glue of that Coagulum • consisting in Barnacles and sea weeds) and get > the bott ’.n, clean from all adherent matters,, which wiii fall off in scales and kill the sea worms, *.’,thile in other salt water ports tis a , very expensive article, for it is to be done there j artificially, with great labor, time and expense.” ] At the time when this account was prepared, , “there were in Savannah, 400 dwellings, a Church, an Independent Meeting House, a : Council House, a Court House and a Filature.” | The writer says “that in 1760, a season ofex- he sunk a well 24 feet deep. ‘ wTierew ih he obtained 18 inches of water, and , after three hours in vain, digging, for sinking the curb deeper, in the quick-sand, he at last had the well wall set up, and his well water proved, ■ not on!’’ ofthe best kind of this city,but had al ways Wie’ei in abundance for himself and neigh bors in .ime of scarcity. ’ In n “re—to the wharves the account says, | ■‘TheSavaunah Bay is nearly fronted with eon- I tiguous wharfs, the first ot a new construction was built in 1759, by the direction ofthe author who advised the builder, (one Thomas Eaton,) j to drive two rows ol piles as tar asunder as he : desired his wharf to be wide, and as tar towards the rive, qs low water mark, to secure their cops with plates, and to tunnel planks within, on the piles, this done, then to brace the inside with dry walls of stones, intermixed with willow twigs, and in the same manner to shut up the ends cAsAhe-two rows with a like front along the stream, to build inside what cellars he had occa sion for. then to fill up the remainder with the sand nearest at hand from the bluff, or high shore ot the stream under the Bay. This plan has been followed since to this day.” Ni MBEii 2.—Opposite Cockspur Island is the meufrh qf greqt Tifaee Creek. Between Cock sig-rJfaW Tibee Island is the best channels of cMJßjjCapi... vc of point blank shot •*TEeTnannel may easily be defended by two batteries, one on Tibee, and the other on Cock spur. On the last mentioned Island, the author, in 1761, laid out, and directed the construction ol'Fort George, which is only a small red übt fOO feet square, with a block house or wooden four bastionce 40 feet square, in it to serve for a defence, magazine, store house and Barracks. This redoubt answers more to stop vessels which had a mind to act in hostile view. The reason forty dirpjrutive construction wus the then pre vailing incapacity to raise, for this purpose, more than 2.000 ixiunds sterling, as many other equal ly necessary construi tions for the public benefit stood then in competition before the eyes of the Legislator.” The writer in the next place, gives the fol lowing theory, in regard to the health ol the city, and the causes thereof, which may perhaps arnjjse some of our learned Esculapians: “The city of Savannah, continued from its first settlement for near 30 years, to be account ed a very healthy place. The South Carolinians used to come there for recruiting their health, but that the vapors that: generally breed in swtjmp lands, gnu rise by help of its high trees, as thrpugh uhimneyu, to gain the free air, in tfitUe. by an y moving wind, they are carried I the road of the wind, they had the same chance in both these swamps, viz: on Hutchesons is land, North, opposite the city in the stream, as al»o in the low swamp lands, East ol Savannah, on which the trees were higher than the city, so that none of their vapors could touch, the inha bitants who were so near to their rise, but soon a* the ti.ees on both tho lands were cut down,mid tne cleared land converted into Rice fields, the vapors hanging upon them at present., are by a NbrthorEast wind, (lor want of their having landers to assend by them above the summit of the city,) rolled in it, and all the streets and bouses filled with jhem, to the prejudice of its inhabitants, whose diseases are, in every respect similar to those in South Carolina.” If the writer were alive I’.t present day, he would perhqps sap to find the Ca roliiiians, »ti|f resorting to Savannah for healthy residences in summer; notwithstanding the re ?C.rr.f of the “Mimney*” or u ladders" from utchinsons Island. Old Fogy. [From the Federal Union.] Up His Excellency, Howell Cobb, Governor, &c. Sir: One of the first features in the tables which I have presented, that prominently at tracts our attention, is the very considerable preponderance ol crimes against the Person. VVhatdoes this indicate ' As compared with similar calculations in other civilized countries, what observation should be made upon it ? If these crimes against the person were of an atro cious character and not chiefly assaults and bat teries. or other minor offences. I should hesitate before agreeing that it was not to be regarded as a sign of a people more or less barbarous, as com pared with other civilized States. It is proper to remark, however, that calculations based up on statistics in latter years, especially as regards society in America, do notshow. that crimes against the person are fewest, where civilization [especially that which consists with the highest degree of education] has most extended its influ ences. Figures clearly show this, in many places. For example, the tables of Mon. Guerry in his ■’ Statisliqua Morale de France," a work published about 20 years since, show “that while crimes against, the person are the most frequent in Cor sica. the Provinces of the Southeast, and Alsace, where the people are well instructed, there are the fewest of these crimes in Berri, Limousin and Brittany, where the people are most igno rant.” Again, we find Messeurs Beaumont et De Tocqueville, when speaking of crime in the U. States." thus not only do two States out of three present a greater proportion of individuals con demned for crimes against the person in 1830, tha , in 1-790,” [wffen the writer supposes the sr WP r<) 18.30. that Srate where we fin'l the greafeJt number of such offences is the Sftrte of Connec ticut, which in point ot education and intelli gence ]en fait d’instruction et de lumieres] occu pies the first rank in the whole Union ; and the State which has fewest crimes against the per son is the State of Pennsylvania, where the po pulation is comparatively ignorant.”— Reaumont et De Tocqueville Si/steme Penetentiare. Vol. 2, p. 263. At another place on the same page, these wri ters say, “it has been generally considered in Europe, that as a society advances in civilization, the number of crimes against the person dimin ishes. The statistics which we have to present, prove, that in America at least this is not true. We see on the contrary, that in Pennsylvania, the number of crimes against the person does not diminish with time, and that in the Slates of Connecticut and New York, according as civili zation advances, these offences seem to increase wi’h it. This increase takes place in a manner equal and uniform; it is difficult to attribute it to chance.” Thus we see that an increase of crimes against the person with us is not, necessarily evidence, of a low state of morals and civilization. Though this he true: still I think that if con nected with this considerable preponderance of crime against the person in our distric', the sta tistics which I present, exhibited many such offences of an aggravated and atrocious character (instead of an almost entire absence of such cases.) it would be legitimate to conclude there from. that this state of facts indicates an inferior ! state of morals and civilization. i As it is. I think, we are only authorized to in , fer from it, that our people are tenacious of a j reputation for courage, that they are resentful of insults, are fond of indulgence in spirituous li | quors, and when under this influence are too apt i to give and to resent real or fancied insults; that they are a people of quick passions without ' malice, as the general rule, and though often I erring while under the effects of intoxication or I passion, are wit) out that brutality, that indura- i tion of moral perception, in which so many hor- i rible crimes have their origin in other countries; especially in France and England. That not withstanding the fact, that as a whole, they do not reach a very high standard of education, yet I that there is among them a general diffusion of I Christian and moral influences, and sentiments, and that they are not urged by oppressive insti tutions, nor want and starvation into those des perate or depraved habits, which degrade and brutalize the humam being; and out of which these terrible crimes arise, even as the reeking vapors ascend from the dunghill. We shall be confirmed in this view, b.y obser ving the exceedingly small number of crimes against property, and the comparatively small number of aggravated cases of crimes against so- j cietv, which these statistics present. The next remark which the subject calls for is that the number of accusations in proportion to the white population at first impresses one, as greater than we have the right to expect from other circumstances which come under our no tice. If we contrast this with the number of crimes in France in proportion to the population, as shown by M. Guerry’s tables in the work alrea dy referred to, the comparison will appegr tn be ~d ’ ‘ ” -.’’’f shat counrrv. B’j* this j uspec. will not bear close scrutiny. Suin examination will show a better state of morals in our community than in highly civilized France. It will be found, by looking to the talqlpq which I have presented, thqt tfap great majority of accusations with us, are for minor offences. Such as assaults and batteries, retailing without license, trading with slaves, petit larcenies and j other inconsiderable misdemeanors, there being i very few atrocious crimes ot any description, especially such crimes as prenqeditatpd rpurder, (or assassination, as the French call it.) death from poison, parricide, crimes against children, rapes, arson, burglary &e. Whilst M. Guerry’s tables groan under the weight of many such; and they may be said indeed to constitute a very large proportion of the crimes in France. As I have already shown in our community, the felonies of all descriptions grpc’qnt to, only about one-filth of the accusation?. As compared with England and Wales, the j number of crimes is very largely in our favor. I find that in the year 1849. there were in England and Wales, about 86,561 committal?. The population at that time was about fifteen* millions, and this gives us afaout one committal or accusation to every one hundred and seventy three and twenty-eight one-hundredths of the population. Chambers Information for the Peo ple. Vol. I, p. 46; 1 Amer. Ed. From other sources, it is easy to learn,that the proportion of crimes to the population in Eng land, is much greater than with us; and among the offences in England and Wales are crimes the most revolting to humanity, parricides, mur ders of children by parents (driven to despera tion and madness by want and starvation,) shocking mutilations of tender infants, premedi tated murders of wife by husband, and husband by wife, violations of females ending ;;i epurder, deaths by poison am] by siarvafio'n, atrocious burglaries consummated by murder and other such crimes. Let it not be supposed, the view of this subject which these statistics furnish, ' would be changed if the number of crimes com mitted by persons of color constituted an ele- | ment in our calculations. lam prepared gt the proper tjmg to shew, that in propoYtion to the population, there are fewer crimes among our slaves, than among the whites; and that a re port of crimes among the slaves in our district, will be found almost, if not quite as favorable, as that given by Sir Charles Lyell in his last book of travels in this country, of the 500 slaves on the estate of Mr. James Hamilton Couper ot I our S'ate. The next feature in these rabies worthy of your Excellency’s attention is the smallness of the number of females charged with crime in our community. That number is only 7.21-100 in every 100 accusations. Now from Sir Henry L Bulwer’s “ Fiance, Social, Literary and Political,” p. 143, we learn, that “ in the committals in England and Wales, the females are in the proportion of cna ru'iee.’- ( From a note on the satay page, we learn, that “ on a hundred crimes against person, the men are guilty of eighty-six, the women of fourteen. Elf a hundred crimes against property, the men commit seventy-nine, the women twenty-one.” From another source, we learn that “ the pro portion of females to males in c.qipmitt„is (Ln«- ' land and Wales) so; without violence is i as §4 to 73, a difference of one-sixth against fe males.”—Chambers Information for the People, vol. 1, p. 461, 1 Amer. ed. From another we ascertain, that from 1827 to 1831, in Connecticut, there was one white wo man committed to 16.44 whites of bptfa or one white wonqan to |5,4|-lUU of males; in Pennsylvtjnia ( in the year 1839, there was one white woman committed to 15.64-190 of both sexes, or 14 61-100 males.— Beaumont ct De Tocqueville, Systeme Penetentiare aux Etats Unis,p 271. Let us observe first, the wonderful difference in our favor in this respect, when copjiMred. with France and England, the tyy.y most ' civil ized nati< ns of Euray,?. In France, the com mittnlsnf females are as 1 woman to 3 males; in England and Wales, as 1 to 5 ; with us they are as Ito more than 13. This simple circlip - stance is significant of a very between our society, and tims# two conn* '•:e is a foct prominent, indisputable; which (jii .■> u«,dence in our favor of a great moral ad vantage, which proves—whatever they may say of our civilization, and the structure of our soci ety—that moral degradation, and crime as com pared with them, have made but little tyruail upon the mothers of our State. In this respect, wo van compare favorably even with “ the land of steady habits.” The statistical results above given, as to Connecti cut, it is true, are very nearly similar to those which our tables present; but it shp.foii be recol lected, that the statistics furnished, by the French writer refer to the whole State while mine go only to nine counties of our State, em bracing one of the only two cities in the State more than 1Q,009 inhabitants,out ofwhipli\ity arise 16 (or nearly 2.3) of tho ‘.r oftences shown to have been commjttgd KV Hiuales. And these 16 are prinpip«tty fay luwd women of the town, neverai oi whom, were natives of the northern States. In the rural portions of the district, which contain more than one-half the population only about 1-3 of the offences are found which are committed by women. " P This plainly authorizes the conclusion, if that I VOL. 32--NEW SERIES—-VOL-B.—NO. 18. an average were taken ofthe whole State, it would be greatly in favor of our population over Connecticut and Pennsylvania in this regard. ’ (fit be thought, that, this comparison is not entirely fair, because out of our calculations, the negro women are omitted, whilst the laboring peasantry are ofcourse included in the foreign 1 statistics, and that among them these crimes i may be chiefly found, I again suggest, that I hope hereafter to g‘ve a statement of crimes among persons of color in our district, and in the meantime. I declare, that facts and figures show without the least doubt, that among the negro 1 women of our district there are by far fewer crimes than among the whites, and that if I were to present this comparison with reference to the , whole population, the result would be still more ' remarkably in our favor. Very Respectfully. Your Excellency’s oM’t serv’t. E. Starnes. [Correspondence of the Mobile Herald If Tribune.] On Board Steamer Wm. Jones, Jr. 1 I May 13, 1853. f . Returning from a hurried but very pleasant ' excursion as far as Montgomery, I continue my. notes. j I had never before ascended the Alabama, and ’ found much to interest me in the formation of its bold and romantic banks, and in the varied growth which covers them. Many of our fellow , passengers complained of sameness and of the absence of any very frequent marks ofthe hand ' of man in dealings and houses. Neither my bet -1 ter half nor myself, however, experienced any such cause for complaint, finding an unusual de- 1 gree of pleasure in the continued variety of scenes and of growth, for which that same band of improvement shows very little respect as a general thing. VVe found the “ Sam Dale,” too, and her careful jolly Captain and attentive Clerk as pleasant a craft for a voyage of a few days duration as could be desired. I was greatly struck with the improvement made in Montgomery since I was last there, some seven years ago. What a beautiful loca tion for a city ! I know of none more so, and her citizens are making the most of it. The fine wide streets, well paved side walks, so deep ly shaded; the noble churches—handsome stores and dwelling houses, with the stately capital —all betoken the existence of an unusual de gree of good taste and of enterprise, for which, I regret to say. a traveller will look too often in vain amongst our inland towns. There is no denying the fact that your good State of Alabama is far in advance of us in Louis iana and Mississippi in active and well directed enterprise. I don’t like to own it; but must give in ! Your railroads, foundries, manufacto ries,Artesian wells. &c.. &c. all give token there of. There is a better feeling too existing amongst your planters—more of a determination to ren der themselves more and more independent of the west and north ; to raise and produce within themselves all that they van to produce without positive loss or injury to their legitimate busi ness of cotton growing. They support theirown southern manufactories too with the right kind of feeling, invest ing their spare funds in sueh enteprises ; using southern made gin stands, &c., almost universally. I found those made by Tay lor & Co., of Columbus, Ga.; Pratt, of Prattville Ala.; and two others whose names I forget, in almost universal use and esteemed above those of any northern make. Steam engines, straw cutters, grist mills, &c., are almost universally those made in the State; and, so far as I could learn, every manufacturing enterprise flourishes and pays dividends. Several were named to me, my informants being stockholders, which 1 were paying fully 29 per cent. | I found, too, that there was a strong and ' growing feeling in favor of southern water ! ing places, mineral wells., Sjo.. in place of i going north, as has been ou»tomary. Though some talked of attending the clap trap, so call ed World’s Fair at New York, far more made inquiries ns to the opening of the hotels at Point Clear. Howard’s Free man’s Pascagoula, Sullivan’s Island, (a favorite point) and other places on the sea coast. We had among our fellow passengers, one going up the river, a lady of Alabama, who looked the picture of good health, on he: return from Cooper’s Wells, Miss. She stated tbqt she was hurrying home to her dear little ones, from whom she bad parted two months ago. with but little hope of ever seeing them again. She had found at those Wellsi a per fect cure, and spoke in terms of the warmest gratitude of the water sand all connected with them. Os Bjladon Springs and some other cu rative waters in your State, I heard the most flattering accounts. But we have all been so much in the habit of taking the long and most fatiguing journeys to the North, to undergo all the deli ;hts of a sweltering crowd, and of scat tering our money amongst those who etyjs us nothing in return, that it wil] require time and patience, and no ]jtUa expenditure on the part of owners of Southern watering places, ro direct the stream of summer travel hitherward. 1 Thn r » was nne ilem of plantation inaolquo-y, I however, which struck me with sqrpww Jr unu ing it still used amongst yuM planters. I mean the old fashiqged, clumsy, labor wasting sweep pres;. When compared with almost any of those in use in Mississippi and Louisiana, it is a quar ter of a century behind McComb’s labor saving, Newell’s, and a score of others, any of therri as cheap, and infinitely more effective gnd conve- I nient. I saw ?,t extensive and very com- plete foundry at Montgomery, very superior na tive pig metal and coal; and elsewhere, beauti ful specimens of marble, valuable building lime, and, better still, the richest specimen of gregp sand marl that I have seen west or sqpth oi' N. Jersey, and quite equal to valuable beds which have done sc, nauea towards rendering the natural! poor sanrty lands of that State the most profitable in the Union. I shall have more to say on this head shortly, and most prqb,ab]y through the columns of the Cotton pUvfor. Yours, &c., Thos. Affleck. Qug with Mexico.—We have been favored with the following extract of a let ter received by a commercial house in this city, from Col. James Gadsden, of Charleston, our newly appointed Minister to Mexico. Our com mercial readers will te gratified with the inter est tqken fay Col. Gadsden in the prosperity of trade between the two countries—of free trade , so far as it ean be secured—which in connection , with free intercourse, a necessary consequence of j free trade, will as he justly remarks, “accom plish more in harmonizing the disturbing dis agreement between the two countries than gll , the treaties and negotiations whie]} diplomacy , may accomplish.” The yfWe tone of the ex- . tract is admireb’.i. Entering upon his duties in quel; u spirit’, the results of Col. Gadsden’s mis sion cannot fail to be eminently salutary. “ You will probably be as much surprised as myself with my Mexican appointment, jt tool; me by surprise, but as a voli>r,taiy from the President, it js tfafi higher appreciated. ] have long fait a iMite to visit the domains of and to do so underexisting circutn stances and opportunities is the more gratifying, j My only anxiety is, that 1 may justify the Presi dent in the high trust reposed,and fulfil the prom- j ises of a faithful Representative. “ Will you be kind enough to eolfee’ for mg , among those engaged in .M exican t' jdc, the ' statistics which may bn yalgabie and’ important, j I desire to unde',vtand thoroughly out commer pigl ;ciatfoais with that country, and see to what ; extent they may be encouraged and extended j advantageously tons, under the broad banner of Free and unrestricted Trade. “Free and uninterrupted intercourse,coinmav- i cially and socially with Mexico, will ac«omplish more in harmonizing the difitorbl'ng disagree- ( ments between the ijw*> countries, than all the treaties rations which diplomacy may 1 accomplish. “ They are the great Panacea of peace on earth and good will towards mankind; the foreshadowing ofthe Christian, ‘-n. ' N. Y. Journal of Commerce Joaquin, tub Xw#ft Mexican Robber.—The i San Herald gives a romantic account : -io.aqnir., the Mexican robber. He recent- ] ly stopped on the Salinas Plains, and the owner of the house asking him, in the course of the : i conversation, if he had heard of Joaquin, tte per- j son a (dressed, put his hand to l\ishwiri. and with i grave politeness and peqatraiing glance, replied : s ’’Sir, I that Joaquin, and no man takes ( tpf. aUya, oi’ comas within one hundred yards of 1 rne, with these good weapons,” Without any further ceremony, and perfectly unexcited, the robber went on to relate tte »*»- I son of his conduct in his late cayew, He said | that becoming disgusted wi,th »he frequency of , Mexican te r.ad come to California ; to end Ji is d?A’4 to peace, as an American citi- | zen, b.wi that he had been oppressed, robbed, and ; persecuted by the Americans in the plqcws; < had lost $40,009, been driven fr<?ro a piece of < land, which he was wording wi?h an American , companion: hgd bjeainsulted end grossly mal- , treated vy;tteut justice; had been flogged—and , fag was deter mined to be revenged for his wrongs, ; four-told. He had robbed many, killed many, , nnd more should suffer in the same way, q; eSe , he would die in the struggle. He anparoed then , to grow very serious, and bowwow excited, but , subsequently added, that tearing n large reward was offered for h,i» aead or his living body, he rode into Stockton, disguised, walked leisurely er.:.oDd, with his serane thrown over his should ’eirs, reading the different hand-bil,!,; ppstgd up about town. Coming to one arj these, in a pub lic thoroughfare, &>,QQO was offered for his capture, he wrote in pencil upderneath: “I will give $10,090. myself—Joaquin”—-and 'ei.- , surely rode out ot the town. 1 A Ladies Fair is to be. held to-morrow at Courtland, ibv proceeds ol which are to be devoted to tyligious purposes. Among the ar ticles to. be exposed tor sale or “raffle” on the oc casion, tho Tuscumbia North Alabamian men tions a farm—“ the rarest in our country—a ferm which considered in regard to its dimensions or the character ot its soil, is entirely unequalled,” > The supper on the occasion is to be Crowned with twenty bushels of strawberries lr Hurrah for North Alabama - Eagle if Enq., ISth inst. ttnglish papers state that between November, - 1859, nnd the 31st of December, 1852, H)s9 lives were lost in the English Coal mines. ; [For the Chronicle (f Sentinel.] The Anti-Liquor Law Movement. Mb. Editor :—The writer of this article has been a constant patron and a careful reader of your paper for seven or eight years, and in the great political questions which have shaken this government to its very foundation within that period, he has coincided with you in sentiment, and sympathized with you in feeling. There is a subject, however, which is at this time agita ting the public mind of Georgia and many of her sister States, upon which he differs with you in opinion. I refer to the subject which forms the caption to this article, but do not suppose for an instant that I am going to get in a passion, like some of your subscribers, fly-off at a tangent and order my papier discontinued. Not at all. On the contrary, I appreciate your motives and honor the object you, in common with many of your co-laborers, have in view, viz : The im provement of the social and moral condition of our noble State. But the radical error into which, in my humble judgment, the advocates of this measure have fallen, consists in their viewing it only in its social and moral bearings. I deem it one of the gravest political questions that has ever stirred the public mind of Georgia —one that deeply affects the constitutional or ganization of our State government. Nor am J to be bluffed from pursuing this investigation by the taunts and jeers, and ridicule of stump speakers, newspaper scribblers, embryo poli’i cians. and over-zealous reformers, who assert “ that this constitutional objection is all stuff — that those who raise it are office-seekers, and afraid of their popularity, and that they, par ex> cellence, are the only true patriots and philan thropists.” As for one, I scorn such imputations, and hurl them back in defiance. 1 am not at this time, never I ave been, nor. do I anticipate being a candidate for any office. Nor do I evoi taste ardent spirits in any form.noram 1 connect ed with the traffic in this article, directly or remotely. On the contrary, I have no sympa thy for those who are engaged in this unenvia ble vocation. They have blighted the brightest prospects of my youthful ambition. But if I were a candidate for office, policy would dictate to me a different course, as I am, doubtless, in the minority in this county, and probably in the State. Thus much byway of digression to vindicate tnv motives from the ifliarge of selfishness, and my position from that of insincerity, in order that I may receive a candid hearing before the> public. As to the constitutional right of the Legislature topass a general law, interdicting the retail of ardent spirits, there can be but little doubt. As to the policy of such a law/ there may be very serious doubts. The proposition now before the people is, for the Legislature to blot out from the Statute Book the present License Laws and grant to the people themselves in each county the power— to do what? Why, sir, shift the argu ment as much as you please; present it in as many shapes as possible; clothe it in whatevei language ingenuity ean devise, and it amount* to nothing more nor less than the power to pass a law in their respective counties, pro’iibiting the retail of ardent spirits—in other words, the power to legislate upon this subject. Where does the Legislature get the authority to delegate such a power to the people ? Not from the Con stitution, lam sure, Art. 1, Sec 2of the Con stitution reads as follows: “ The Legislative power s'ealt be vested in two separate and dis trict branches, to wit: a Senate and House oi Representatives, to be styled ‘ the General As sembly.’” And yst ths advocates of this mea sure. innocently, no doubt, propose to make this same General Assembly the instrument to per petrate an outrage upon the Constitution, by delegating this legislative power over this uab.. ject to the people themselves. The people 'rteoi •elves, in general Convention, have tho right »o alter, or even to tear down this venerable tabric which they reared with their nwn hands, and construct another in its stead, according to their liking; hut I here enter my solemn protest against any such right in any one Legislature ot Georgia. But 1 may be met with tho assertion, that the passage of a law, by the Legislature, sub mitting this matter to too people of each coun ty to regulgta as a majority may determine, would not te conferring Legislative power upon the people. Well let us see. Legislative power is the power to pass laws Law is a rule of ac tion. Man has the natural right tn retail liquor, no one denies. Any rule or regulation, there fore, which restrains toat right is a law, which law is necessarily created by legislative power . Therefore, if the people make any such regula tion, restraining this vsMural right, they exer cise legislative power. But I have heard it asserted that tte Legisla ture has already delegated similar power over this subject, if not directly to tte people, to the Inferior Courts. Well, if this be true, it proves nothing more than tfajt it has violated the con stitution ; which a no reason that the same thing steu'.lu again occur. But it is not true. Ttey have given to the Inferior Courts the l>ower to grant retail licenses, aad in so doing, L*> cXat i <A vc*watt* ot us UiX —not the power to prohibit the retail of ardent spirits. The Court acts as a fiscal, not as a le gislative agent, I deeeng A unnecessary to pursue this invertf gatioa further as it seems to me a bare state ment of my leading proposition, ia connection with the constitution, will convince any legal mind ol its correctness. And 4 was grsatly sur prised, after the publication ofthe Atlanta reso lutions, that such « measure ever should have emanated (tom u body, of men, some of whom hijva celebrity for legal attainments. It serves to I show how far the zeal of good man, engaged in a good cause, may sometimes lead them astray*. By reference to your paper, ot 11th ult., I per ceive that the Supreme Court of New-York has decided this question in accordance with these viewa. And mark the similarity in the consti tution of that State and our own, upon this sub ject. Art. 1, sec. 1, < f the Constitution ol New- York reads thus; “The Legislative power of this State shall be vested in a Senate and an As sembly.” The same point has been decided by one at the Courts ol Minnesota. And, doubtless., she has a similar provi ion in her constitution. All the States, in fact, whose com-titutioas 1 have examined, have this fundamental principal laid down in their organic law. A departure from this principle, to say nothing ofthe second obligationpmposed upon every legislator to pre serve.inviolate that coMtitutibn which he is sworn to defend, would, if carried out ', n practice to any extent, create as many dia’dnet munici palities or independent democracies, as there are different counties in the States all governed by conflicting laws. This q;-*# never the design of the framers of our Stoto and Federal •constitu tions. It is a vtostoken idea, that either the United States, or any of the States, or any coun ty to te? State, is a pure democracy. ihis is empfsaticully a representative govern- Hient; and all laws, to be constitutional, must te passed by the chosen representatives of the people in their legislative assemblies. Then why do not the advocates of legislation upon this subject, meet the question boldly, take the mon ster by the horns, and petition the legislature to prohibit the retail of ardent spirits by a law of theirown manufacture. This would at least obviate the constitutional* difficulty, and leave only the question of policy open lo* discussion. If the proposed measure should te adopted by the next Legislature, and carried out by the people, this questing, which I have been discus sing in a very cursory manner, will havetopass through t.te ordeal ot judicial scrutiny, and if it vao.ftto Oaar this test, all the evil consequences .•iendant on a failure, will te the result. A dark gloom will pall the prospects and dampen the ardor of some of tfae purest philanthropists that ever labojofi with misdirected zeal for the good ot thoirsacG. E Proteinrrs Unum. FoßEftiN Cotio.n iKAUf.,—We have teen shown an important letter addressed to C. C. Baylor Esq., late United. States Consul at Amsterdam, and editor of the Cotton Plant, by the President of a powerful, extensive and weal thy European Commercial Cofiipany. This let ter is in conclusion of a correspondence which has been going on for some time between Mr. Bayloi and European influences in regard to the importance of a Continental depot for cotton. From the language and tone to the letter before us the most favorable disposition is manifested, and the President has notified Mr. Baylor that one of the company was to sail for Ameriea in time to te at the Memphis Convention. All Memphis the plan of a tour will be agreed upon. His tour is to enable this gentleman, as the con fidential friend and agent ot iae European Com pany, to inform them oS the condition of tho cotton growers, gad their disposition to partici pate in any movement, such as is con templated by direct trade. The object will al so te to give certain assurances to the planters of the determination of European capital to co operate in the formation of a Continental Ijepot of Cotton. This tour must prove interesting, not only on account of the opportunity it will give tototogent European Society to judge of our Southern friends, but also in regard to a change in the destination of that portton of the cotton crop which now goes circuitously to the manu facturers of the continent.— Nashville News, 23th ultimo. Cotton Blooms.—~Sir. Lindsey, sends us from Mil Flovd’s plantation near this place a li,ne large Cotton stalk, some two feet high, which has upon it one bloom and a number of squares. This is the finest specimen of the pro duct w» have seen this season, we hope our friend has plenty ofthe same sort. It offers u friendly prospect in these dull times and unlike ly seasons.— Sandersville Georgian, 31*4 inst. Found Dead—We learn that a negro man was found dead on Sunday morning in the woods, a short distance above the Deep Cut, on the Railroad. Who* found, his body was con siderably mutilated! by the hogs and carrion, so much so, that no.description could be given of him. Those, who saw the body seemed to think that he must have come to his death while ly ing out, and that it was not occasioned by acci dent er undue m->ans, as no traces of anything ofthe sort was discoverable. He was buried • without i ques.t, The body had been dead sev eral days it was found. Thfa *fothes and hat ofthe negro have been plteedi at Robinson’s Turnout, where they may be examined ; possibly they may lead to h.ii> identification.—ft.