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min - ■■ toeeklj Cbco anb feyublie BY JAMES GARDNER,JR (fuiistitiitiiiniilirit K lUpiiblir. OFFICE ON MoINTOSH-STRKET THIRD DOOR FROM TUR SORTH-WIBT CORNER OF BHOA P • STREET bAlewof LAND by Executor*. Administrators or Ouar dians. are required. by taw. to be held on the first , Tue«ia« in the month, between the hours ot ten in the lb. . -. H >n ami throe hi the afternoon, at the uart H.in whi.-h the property ia sitiia‘« Notice o these sales must be given in A public Garotte, •..ia DAYS previous to the daj of sale. „ I Salas of NEGROES must heat Public Auction, on the . first Tuestav of the mouth, between the usual hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the county whirr the Letters Testamentary, or Administration, or Guardianship, mar hare been granted, firet giving , utXTV DAY * notice thereof, in one of -he public | Gaaetteaof Ui< State, and at the door of the Court i , House where such sales are to lie held. I Notice for the sales of Personal Property must be given. j ; in like nmner. FORTY DAYS previous to day of sa.e Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Kstate. must j be published for »<>RTY DAYS. 11 Notion that ipplioaimn . ill be made to the Court of Grdirarvfor leave to soil LAND, must be published • for TWO MONTHS _ ... . , Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published . , TWO MONTHS, before any order absolute can be : -<v?n hr th*Onnrt, =■ TFRMS of advehtisino. One square. 12 lines, 7S cents the «rst insertion, »nd W rants afterwards. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS Sheriff’s Levies 30 days. $2 50 per levy ; 60 days. $5 Fxe •it »r‘s. Administrator * and Guardian * Sales. Heal , Estate, (p-'r square I ! mes.). $4 .$ | p o do. Personal E5tate......... 3 . Cits ion for Lettersof Administration ? I'l I do. Dismission • 4 50 | Notice to debtors and Creditors 3 $5 Two Month*' Notices * _• * ; Kales Ni*i. (monthly) Cl per square, each insertion I ’-?*• OhiM.iry Notices over *ux lines, will be charged a«, the saw** rate* a- *.lvr’-t»M'ment< LEGAL NOTICES '■•T* Notice of the <Ue of Land and Negroes by Ad mini'trA- >r-. Executors or Giardisns. must be publish- ! ed FO TY DAY'S previous to the day of sale. .YT»S.v : <'* t> Debtor* and Creditors of an estate i mu rto published FORTY MVf ' -rex* that ao dicA'.i >n w’ll be ma le to th. Cou-t of Ordinary for leave to sell Vaud or Segroes. I must be published TWO MONTHS, weekly. ~ -j- Notice of application for letters of Admiuistra- | ti uu. must lie published TimU-Y- 1 , ....... ot ' :.,'.’.-jiaas.'A'OKTY DAVS. < ' . property of a perishable na- | ] tnSbT the Act of 1852. bv Executor* and Admiuistra- j , tors a* the discretion of th» Ordinary, upon not le«s ; thin TEN DAY’S notice. Sale-by re S iIM Adminiatra- LUn ter the ''l I ’-1-. FORTY DAYS. ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, aak AT OCR t Augusta, Georgia. ; SATURDAY MORNING. JUNE 18, 1853. | ( public Documents. The Hon. Robert Toombs will receive our 1 thanks for valuable public documents. i , Judge Lumpkin's Letter. The letter of Judge Lumpkin, which we find , irt the Temperance Banner, ot the 4th inst., and pub’isbed to-day. will be read with interest. It , is on a subject of general concern to our citizens, > an 1 the distinguished position of the author in the ranks ot the advocates of the temperance caus- not less than bis distinguished judicial posi- . tion. gives groat weight to his opinions and sug- ] gestions. I * He u‘ters a timely caution in the following , i ! language , «- It is <lue to cqndor, however, to state that . 1 am not fully persuaded in my own mind, as to ■ tru rrMus-Wt the movement, which is now : ( makn * X’wßan detests grog-shops more than , Ido: tf ’ a dlv would I see them exterpated , j from the I vd. But have we laid a foundation j ; broad and deep enough in the moral and mertal , edncati >n of the people, to sustain such a meas- | lire > I soar not. We must not expect too , much in legislation : it ean neither make a peo- , pie rich, moral nor wise. ’ i 1 We take p’easure, however, in referring to the ; fact that tbe plan ot to al prohib tion of the re- I tail traffic has been adopted svith success in some villages in our neighboring State of South , i Caroli .a. We were informed, on a recent visit : to Edgefield C. H .that a law of the corporation i prohibit, ?. the sale of spirituous liquors by retail, i : and that it worked well—was cheerfully ac quiesce 1 in. and that no efforts were made to ; evade its operation. The good effects were ap- I parent ia the absence ot' instances of drunken ness. the sight of a drunken man in the streets i being :»_•« as rare as it was lormerly frequent. ' The law did not, however, interfere with tbe i ancient rites of hospitality, practiced from time imroeumrial among the gentlemen of Carolina, • ' as we had abundant opportunity of testing. The village of Graniteville is also governed I ' on total abstinence principles, so far as to pro- i bibit the sale. Within the corporate limits, of j syir:tu-vus i’*u-*rs •- ras is I *-j. hs c-h*-sr_-, -ii ~ --r.irnritv of Grtnitavillc WBf .--x. _ I i, no’edt i- being orderly and industrious. We d< ,t whether a general law prohibiting the ♦’l'ffic whether by wholesale or retail, could be enforced in that or any other Southern State, admitting its constitutionality. And we hold to the opinion that a traffic that is wrong by the i gill,is not less so by the shipload.and that legisla tion. to b» j ist anfeqiialjhould be sweeping and universal. It should smite an evil root and I branch, if it attacks it at all; so that the rich ami the poor shall alike fee) the prohibition. Charleston and Savannah Railroad.’ A writer in the Charleston Mercury thus strongly ont-s the project of a Railroad between : thaT city We publish the arti cle. believing that sooner or later, the road will be built. But we must be permitted to express a doubt whether Savannah will ever become a suburb of C"harfeston ’ •• Whilst so manv projects for extendfng the I of Charleston by Railroads are afloat, iti. prising that a connection between Charleston an( i Savannah has not been brought I forward, either in the pub'ic prints or by capital ists We have expended millions already, and propose to expend .millions more to see ' ,re .. t " Charleston the commerce of the W est By the , savacitv and energy of G-orgia. that State is | ahead of os in procuring an uninterrupted com munica’ion by her railroads, fr.om Tennessee to Savannah, her s-aport. Whilst there .. an ob- ’ s’ruction at Augusta, and the produce Avhich comes through Georgia for Charleston, has to be carried from one depot to another. Savannah will have immense advantages in obtaining tbe trade. sft is not merely the additional expense and dam- i age which this porterage occasions, but it is trie time lost also. Some uncertainty must attend transportation of goods over two r ads, under diff-rent agents and management. Sometimes th»re will be such a pressure for transportation, that not only cotton, but goods, will be obliged to lie over for many days Mote thev can be for warded And although this may only occasion ally be tbe case, it occurs exactly at that period of time when most inconvenience results from it. When business is most brisk, competition is c lo«e«t a!«o. and time often makes the success or failure of mercantile operations. The Rabun Gap Road may in some measure counteract the darad'-antage. by establishing an uninterrupted communication lief ween Tennessee and Charles ton. But this will still leave Savannah a com- a competitor which can strengthen it- self bv Railroads running still further South. Our troe oohi-v appears to us. is not to tap the Georgia Railroads high U" in the interior. It is to tap Savannah itself. By building a Railroad whose terminus will be directly opposite to that citv. we virtya'ly pipre Charleston by the side ofSavar nah. The trade of Savannah gathered from all quarters from the South as well as tbe West, frou, F’orida as well as Tennessee, will, 00**0* to Charleston, if she affords a Irefter mar fcet for if. iransactioris. The interests of iridi vidua.'t' 38 w-ll a* the laws of commerce, will then det.-rmirie the fate of the two cities. Iwo larg* cities cannot grow equally within one hun dred miles of each other—with only five hours’ travel between them. One must be tbe suburb of tbe other. That city which has most capital, i the «ner >y end mercantile integrity of Wh be ing equal, most absorb the other Charleston is superior to Savannah in population and capital; I will say nothing a'uout our mercantile integrity. Without disparaging Savannah. I suppose a nty in which a Bank has never failed, and which Preserved a »pecie-paying currency dunng tne X'nvulsions of 1837 arid MO, when from sew York to Orleans there wa*t not a specie paying Bank in existence excepting in Charles ton. need not fear any competition where integ rity is an element of success. Superior in fiop ulatii-’n and capital, and equal in integrity to Savannah, it is hardly a question, whether Charleston would be benefitted by the Radroad The only question is.will it pay the stockholders? , Charleston. Most Fiesdish Children Slaughtered by their Father I J of last week. George Lake, a clock wati-h re pairer. residing in the town of LaGrange, Dutch eu county, New York, killed bis two children, aged two and four years, and also fatally wound ed his wife with an axe. He immediately arm ed himself with sword, pistol and rifle, and his captor; were obliged to shoot him with shot be fore they could take him. He was captured and lodged in tbe Poughkeepsie jail. Tbe cause of this inhuman butchery is unknown. It is said that he always appeared fond of his family. He had before been arrested on a charge of attempt ing to shoot bis brother-in-law, but was acquit ted. Capt. Kraffts, of tbe schr. Advance, has been indicted by the grand jury of the U.S. District Court at Norfolk, on the charge of being con cerned in the slave trade. His crew have been discharged from custody. Spied lhe Mail.. We have before us the proceedings oi a Dem ocratic meeting held yi Polk county on the Ith inst.. for the appointment ot Delegates to the Gubernatorial and District Conventions, which came to hand yesterdaf. Lovick P. Garrison, was called to the Chair, and Daniell C. Roberts, 1 appointed Secretary. Messrs. L. H. Walthall 1 and H. Fielder, were appointed delegates to the j District Convention. The following Preamble j and Resolutions were adapted : ! Whsrsas, from the foundation of our Gov ' eminent, two great national parties have exist ed, and have swallowed up all other parties form ed for collateral issues ; and whereas, the many attempts in Georgia, by Whigs and Democrats combined, to form a third party upon issues not strictly democratic, a majority of which would, sooner or later, lapse into a Whig party : Be it therefore Retained. That the Democracy of Polk county, will strictly adhere to and faith fully carry out. unmi.xed and unadulterated, every principle laid down in the Baltimore Democratic Platform. Resofrcif. That the late Inaugural address of President Pierce is fully and strictly Democratic —opposed to Whig principles and Whig doctrine, it contains truths that was handed down to us by Jefferson, and rendered immortal by Jackson and Polk. Resaved, That we cordially invite all persons to unite with us upon the principles above indi cated. That past differences of opinion should I lie at an end, and Union Democrat and Southern ; Rights Democrats again rally to the time hono-- ed principles ot Democracy. At the same time we cordially invite all those patriotic Whigs who are willing to support the Administration of President Pierce,to unite with us. , Senator from Edgefield. The election held Scmitor front Edgefield ( District, on the 6th and 7th inst., to fill the , vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Hon. I N, L. Griffin, resulted as follows : Carroll 1175, Watson 665 : majority for Carroll 510. In speaking of the election of Mr. Carroll, < the Edgefield .Advertiser, says : “It will be seen, from the state of the Polls 1 which we publish this week, that Col. James P. Carroll has been elected to the State Senate, to supply the vacancy occasion by the death of < Hon. l)j. L. Griffin. Without a thought of dis paragement towards his opponent, Maj. Tillman , Watson, we must be permitted to congratulate i the District of Edgefield upon having select- 1 ed so able a successor to our former efficient ' Senator. Col. P's high talents and superior ( business abilities will be sure to give him a i rank among his Senatorial associates, of which 1 Edgefield wil. have cause to be proud. Decatur, June 15th, 1553. 1 W. B. Ruggles— Dear Sir :— I must avail myself of your kind- 1 ness in opening your columns to any communi- * cation I might think it necessary to publish, s And ask you to announce my name in your < paper as an independent candidate for Congress ’ in the 4th Congressional District, at the ap proaching election. I did agree to submit my claims to a Conven- f tion of the re-united Democracy, acting upon ( the principles of the old school Democrats, leav- j ing out of view the prejudices and heart-burn- i 1 ings of the late issues. But I am informed by s undoubted authority, that such a Convention f has not been held in the District, and that there | will not be such a one, between now and the . first Monday in October next, I must therefore try to get along without it. < I remain with great respect, yours truly, t C. Murphy. ( In noticing the above letter, the Manta Intel- ] ligencer, from which paper it is copied, remarks : “We readily comply with the request of Col. ; Murphy to publish the letter, which we give in ( another column, announcing himself an inde pendent candidate for Congress. The late hour j at which the letter was received prevents us < from accompanying it with the comments j which it very naturally suggests. We ean only , sav, at present, that we regret exceedingly that . Col. Murphy has chosen this course, especially as it can by no possibility result in his re-elec tion.to Congress, in opposition to the nominee of the Convention, while the practical effect of the movement, so far as it will be felt in the canvfss, is simply to throw the election into ' the h inds of the Whigs. Po-r Master at Savannah.—The commis- , e*-’‘*' ;‘?’i , .»f>-rjit.Savannah..lsays the Geor- • c- re.-ei-ftd by Mr. Cohen, two or three I ' days since. He will, we presume, enter fortt.- with upon the discharge of the duties of the of- ; fice. We need not hesitate to say that we regard the appointment as a good one. The circum stances under which it was conferred make it i the mere honorable to him who has received it. : The first intelligence that Mr. Cohen had, that his name had been before the Cabinet in connec tion with the place, was contained in two tele i graphic despatches received at the same time, — i the one inquiring if he would accept it, the other coupling with the same inquiry, the announce ment of his appointment. It is a post to which he liar well entitled himself by his services to the party: its duties he will doubtless faithfully perform. The Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of this State, which com- ‘ menced its session in this city on Monday last ; adjourned on Thursday, having disposed of all the cases before it. We have been promised an outline of the decisions made, which we will publish as soon as furnished. In the Savannah Sews, of Thursday morning, we find published the Minutes of one of the cases decided, which we give below. Supreme Court of Georgia At Augusta, June Term, 1853. F. T. Willis & Co, and others, Plaintiffs in Error. Edwin Parsons & Co., and others, Defendants in Error. Motion to distribute money.—From Chatham. Tbe facts of tbis case wete briefly these : Ed- | win Parsons & Co., F. T. Willis & Co., and Hamilton & Hardeman, obtained judgments, each, against Rowland & Washburn, at the Jan uary Term, 1853, of Chatham Superior Court.— A motion was then made by the Attorneys of tne two last named firms, to distribute the funds ; ($3,950 83) brought into Court, by process of | garnishment issued at tbe suit of E. Parsons & I Co. The motion was resis’ed by the Ceunsel I of Parson & Co. on the following grounds : Ist. I Because it was througlf their vigilance that the ■ fund was raised. 2dly. Because immediately j after the issuing of their garnisbme> t, Rowland tc Washburn assigned all their effects for tbe benefit of their creditors, so as to make it impos- i sibie for the fun I to be reached by gai nishment at I the instance of any other creditor than E. Par- | sons & Co. On behalf of the motion to distribute, it was ■ argued that the fund must be distributed equally j amongst all the judgment creditors, according to ; the fifth section of the Act of 23d December,' 1822. as follows . ,l When any money shall be i ; paid into Court, or shall be raised by the Sheriff, i or his Deputy, or by a Constable, under this ■ i Act. the sam* shall be paid over to judgments or I executions against the Defendant, as in other cases, according to tbe priority established by . law,” and that notwithstanding the assignment, the money when brought betore the Court, must i be distributed according to the above section. ’ The Court below ordered the whole fund paid to the judgment of Parsons & Co , whereupon the case was carried up to tbe Supreme Court, which body reversed the decision (as reported by telegraph) of the Circuit Judge. Counsel for Plaintiffs in Error, F. H. Cone, . A. J. Miller, and Harden (k Lawton. , . For Defendants in Error, Law & Bartow, and ! Hon. J. M. Berrien. A man was recently arrested in London, who appeared to have an uncontrollable penchant for ' stealing umbrellas. He had been in the habit of " trading for eighteen years ata store in Eastcheap, ’ and usually came in with a long bundle in his I i hand. It is presumed he has been accustomed -I to help himself for many years. Upon searching ■ his premises, twenty-two silk umbrellas were 1 found. He had always enjoyed the character of * i an honest and respectable man, and it is pre- I Burned was merely preparing for a rainy day. Tbe navigation of the Colorado river ot I exas jx the exclusive property of the Colorado Navi gation Cotitnany, and, Congress having appro . priated $20,000 for the improvement ot the river, the United States Government has determined I not to expend it for that purpose, unless the company relinquish the monopoly. A meeting I of the stockholders has bean called in conse i quertce. There seems to be no doubt of the sea- • sibility of removing the raft. Mr. J. D. Reid, Superintendentof the Nation al Telegraph Company, has resigned. Gen. J. 1 K. Moorhead ha<l also resigned the office of Pres t ident rtf'the same Company. James Anderson was elected by the Stockholders to fill the va i cancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Moor head. Tbe Atlanta Bank. We had an interview yesterday with Mr. S. C. Higginson, the President of this Institution ; and having copied an aiticle on the 21st ult., from the Chronicle & SriHiin/, mill heard many rumors teiiding to excite distrust and prejudice against the Bank and its managers, we felt it to be due to the public as well as to the iwrnorators of the Bank, to make such inquiries of Mr. Hig ginson, as to its present condition and future prospects, as would satisfy the public confidence ofthe hona fide intention of the Directors, to manage its affairs in strict accordance with its charter and the la ws ol the State. It is due to Mr. Higginson to say that his conversation and answers to our inquiries were unreserved. He gave us every assurance that the affairs of tbe Bank will be regulated according to the best and strictest rules of banking, and with reference to the public interests. In additiSh to these assurances, Mr. Higgin son exhibited to us a letter, of n cent date, from the cashier of one of the soundest banking insti tutions of the city ot New York, to a bunk offi cer in South Carolina, in which the writer states that George Smith, Esq., who is represented to be the principal stockholder in the Atlanta Bank, is estimated to be one of the wealthiest bankers ill Chicago. From these representations, as well as from the known characters ofthe gentlemen in Geor gia, who applied for anil obtained the charter ot this Bank from our Legislature, we hardly think “ there is a deliberate design to use this Bank charter for fraudulent purposes.” Mr. Higginson informs us, that the directors intend to pursue a legitimate banking business at Atlanta, and to furnish the business communi ty of that place with all reasonable monied fa cilities. If. however, the business of that place will not require all the circulation ot the Bank, it is then the intention of the directors, as it is their right, and as all other Banks do, to send their bills to Chicago, or to any other point where they have credit and where there circulation is likely to l*e wanted. The Dbicußo B.uiK- are , required by* Law to deposite State stocks, as se- , curity, for the amount of tiigjr circulation, and 1 hence they attack the issue of other institutions ’ whose circulation there is based upon the per sonal responsibility of the Btockholde'S only, , Mr. Higginson informs us further, that slll 000 ofthe capital stock of the Atlanta bank h ve 1 been paid in, and that the balance ol the $300,- 000 capital, will be paid in as fast as wanted.— The bank has now in its vault $52,000 in specie, which perhaps exceeds the amount ol its circu- ; lation. As, however, a statement of the affairs ( of this institution will shortly be published, we will not enter into further particulars. In concluding these statements, we may be 1 permitted to express the hope, that the affairs ot i this institution may be managed in such a man ner, as not to reflect injuriously upon the char- ; " acter of Georgia. Her Banking institutions never enjoyed, and deservedly so, a higher credit, nor were ever more sound and flo nisbing. than at present in former times the confidence of our people has ' been abused and they have been shamefully ; swindled by heartless speculations in Bank char ters. And no matter for what cause, nor with how little reason, the failure of one of our Banks ' casts suspicious and distrusts over the minds oi I the people, against all other banks, and thus our ; solvent institutions are made innocent sufferers, < on account of the mismanagement ot banks, with which they had no connexion We copy the above from the Savannah Re publican of tbe 10th inst. Mr. Hagginson call- , ed on us yesterday, and made a similar state ment. He also exhibited to us letters from high | sources in New York and Savannah, tbe latter \ ' addressed to the Cashier of one of our Banking j Institutions. Mr. H. informs us that the At lanta Bank bills will be redeemed at Chicago at |c. discount, and in New York city at J. In the course of a week or two, a statement of the ' condition of the Bank will be given to the public. To our Georgia Exchanges.—The Savan nah Journal says: The f. flowing paragraph we ■ , take from the Washington Republic:— “The editor of the Lafayette (Ind.) Journal proposes to bind up a volume containing a copy j of each newspaper published in as a I contribution to the N. Y. Crystal Palace Exhi- ; bition. We regard the suggestion as a good one, I and should be glad to see it adopted by every i State in the whole Union. A copy ot e. / I American newspaper will constitute a cunui < volume, and one of some magnitude also. ’ The Savannah Journal says :—“As we have a bindary in connection with our office, our Georgia Exchanges, if they will favor us with copies of their papers for the purpose, can have them; bound in one handsome volume for the Fair? Should the suggestion meet with their lavor< we hope they will promptly respond to it, and ;jfi'rustClii’sryansririr-1* k* f can,wth in point of ability and appearance. — We the Georgia Press icill respond to this ■ notice, for we consider it exceedingly important, I and desirable that our State Press should be re presented at the Palace, as fully and favorably \ as that of our sister States, all ot which we have little doubt will adopt the suggestion. Papers friendly to the proposition, will oblige us by copying the above.” The Florida Boundary.—The Washington . papers state that “ orders have been sent to the j Surveyer General of Florida to cause the old line | of 31 degrees North latitude, between the Span- ; ish and the United States to be retraced. This is now the long east and west northernmost line between Florida and Alabama, first run in 1796 to 1800 by Ellicott and Mina, Commissioners on the part of the two Governments. The ne ; eessity for retracing it arises from the fact that | the U- 8. Survey in Florida and Alabama are to be closed upon it. The order for retracing it is significant of the closing of all Government sur veying operations in those two States. Capt. Talcott, who, some time since run out the line of 43 degrees 30 minutes, the northern boundary of lowa, has completed his report, which has gone in to the Governme.it. He executed the ( work under the joint supervision or commission ship ofthe Surveyors General of Wisconsin and lowa.” The New York Herald, of Friday, says that the Crystal Palace has made very considerable progress within the last ten days. The greater [ part of the windows in the dome are in their j places. Os these there are sixty-four—twotiei’s of thirty-two each. The planking is going on | very well. The large fan-lights are receiving i their sashes, and the whole thing is closing in l very rapidity. I The additional building, 450 feet by 21, is also j i going ahead very fast. The lower story of this I is to be devoted to machinery in motion ; the se- ; ' cond story is given to pictures, and the Associa- ■ I tion will thus have the largest gallery of art ever j opened jn this country. Mr. Le Due, the Commissioner from Minne- ; ’ sota, appointed by Gov. Ramsay, presented birr?- : I self in New York a few days ago. Mr. Le Due, in addition to the cereals and minerals of Min j nesota, has brought down an Indian lodge and a ’ yyild buffalo, four years old. How the latter is to be exhibited, the Herald does not know, but thinks that an Indian lodge, with its equip ; merits, chiefs, sqaws and papooses, bows and ar- I rows, tomahawks and calumets, would forma striking contrast to the trophies ot civilized life ; that the exhibition will display. j I Examination of the Remains of Arthur I Sprinu.—The body of Arthur Spring was taken to tbe dissecting room of the Philadelphia Col ' lege ot Medicine on Saturday, and anatomically I examined by Professor James McClintock, in i | the presence of Dr. Kirkbride, Dr. Evans and I ! several physicians and other scientific gentle men, and the students ofthe medical class. Tbe Bulletin says: ’ “The phrenological developments ofthe head r of the murderer were characteristic ot the man. f Tbe head was large, being over 22 inches in cir i, pumference. The perceptive faculties were s strong and the reflective weak. Benevolence and other organs, which are the indications of a ' good disposition, were found to be very poorly i developed, while selfishness and firmness were a large, and cautiousness was well developed. Se r cretiveness was large, and the animal organs, such as combatjveness and destructiveness, were ' enormous. The base of the brain was very large. The forepart of the head was very small, and the back very large, indicating sensuality and cruel- H ty. The Professor styled the cranium ol the deceased a ‘ bull dog head.’ ” - Sale of Mount Vernon.—A despatch from ■, Washington says that the Mount Vernon estate J has been sold, conditionally that it shall be offer e ed to Congress pext session. Should Congress » purchase it, tbis sale wrli be void. This is from - the memorandum of an agreement between - Washington and John Linton, attorneys lor a New Orleans and New York company. The amount of purchase money has not transpired; $ >OO,OOO was offered and declined. Intelligence has been received at the Baptist i Missionary Rooms in Boston, that Rev. G. Dau- - hie. missionary of the American Baptist Mis- - sionary Union in Assam, died of cholera, March 23 ; at Nowgong AUGUSTA, GMOKGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 22, 1853 I A New Mode op Shiv Ventilation.—An iron ship named the “ Evangeline,” recently launched at Liverpool, has iron irfasts, which me hollow cylinders,and which have trap doors at the lower end to open or shut at pleasure, for the ventilation ofthe vessel. It has been fonnil that excellent ventilation is maintained by these masts,even when the ship is stationary. This vessel has left Liverpool tor New Orleans with a cargo of goods and passengers. News from all parts of the Lake Superior min ing region is highly favorable. One of the largest and finest masses of copper ever seen in the world has been shipped from Minnesota mine to the great exhibition. It is a large square block weighing 5 072 pounds. It was cut from a piece weighing about 80 tons. Several hundred tons of a similar character, some of them nearly as heavy, are to be senton by the Clifi’and Min nesota mines The National and South Cliff mines will also forward fine specimens. U. S. Coast Survey.—The U. S. schooners Gallatin, Madison, and sloop Dobbin, under command of Lieut. Maxwell Woodhull, U. S. N., sailed from New York, on Friday, for Nan tucket. This party has been engaged for the last two months in completing their survey up the harbor ol New York, and will be employed during the summer in the survey of Nantucket Sound. The Madison is commanded by Lieut. John Rutledge. Another Brutal Murder in New York.— Much excitement has been created in New York by the discovery of the body of a young woman , nnnrted Moi-v Ann at Williamsburg. She bad evidently been vio lated and then mnrdered. She was an inmaie in the family ofC. H. Clayton, Esq., irhn- ng'-f, l * reward of SSOO for information touching this horrible affair, and the City Councils SI,OOO more. I Mr. Gough stated in his lecture I Trenton, | N. J , that 600,000 persons had signed the pledge, | and connected themselves with the Washingto- ’ nian movement: that of this number 450,000 had j retrograded and violated the pledge, and either s filled a drunkard’s grave, or were miserable s drunkard’s; that the original mover of the pro- < ject now kept a low groggery in Baltimore, and j was the best customer himself. j Arrival of Cuban Expeditionists.—Tbe [ following officers, who were engaged in the Cu- ( ban Expedition, under General Narcisso Lopez, i and sent to Spain for trial, which resulted in j their being transported to Ceuta, Africa, and, finally, through the exertions of Mr. Barringer, ( the American Minister at Madrid, were granted t a full pardon, viz : Captain E. Radwich, Adju- I taut to th* late Colonel John Pragay; La.ljs- 1 laus Palank, Lieut. John Peteri. Lieut. Conrad f Eichler, Bela Kevekers, George Bronsila and I Juan Nyikes, arrived in New’ York on Thurs- < day week. , The Black Swan has divided the honors of ' Stafford House with Mrs. Stowe. At a concert f given there by the Duchess of Sutherland, for « the purpose of bringing her forward, her accorn- I paniments were played by Sir George Smart, ' and the rooms were filled with Earlsand Count- r esses, Right Honorables and Honorables. _ » There is an existing law in the State of Illi- ) nois which provides that railroad companies f shall pay five thousand dollars for ffvery life lost ’ on a train of cars, through the carelessness or f recklessness of the company or their agents. t Since 1846, so large a breadth of potatoes has ' not been sown in Ireland as in the present s year. The appearance of the crop is most i promising. Nicholas P. Trist, (of Mexican treaty memo- I ry.) has recently returned from Europe, and " purchased a farm in Monmouth county, New York. < - . ' The Paris correspondent of the N. Y. Daily I Times writes that the French Ministe: of Pub- ’ lie Instruction has just decided that the bust of Christ be placed in all the public schools, in com- | pany with that of the Emperor. .’.■ ». ,'i.nc:_. :0..... 2 :-.' übh.tr- ■’ SWT*".' in the Artesian well they are boring on Court j Square. The water flows from the top in a stream of about two gallons a minute. The ■ ; depth is 475 feet, and the water is excellent and ' las cool as ordinary well water. By boring a ■ little farther there is every hope of getting a J copious supply. i Wyatt McNeil, ason of General McNeil, was ' killed, at New Orleans, on the 3d instant, by I being struck by the shaft of a rail road car. I James C. Hall, late postmaster at Cincinnati, | has been elected President of the Ohio and Mis sissippi railroad, vice Judge Etlis, resigned. The Massachusetts State Convention has re solved to elect all officers, except judicial, by the people, and to retain the secret ballot. The Nashville Whig states that a steamer is now building to run as a weekly packet between that city and Louisville. Virginia Wheat Crop.—We notice various complaints of the ravages ofthe fly and worm in the wheat in Culpeper, .Madison, Orange, Augusta and other counties of Virginia. It is said that one gentleman, who has 6,000 acres of sown land, will not raise over 1,000 bushels. The “Bri lge City” is the name of the seventh boat ofthe Union line of steamers, now building at Cincinnati. During the fifteen years ending in 1852, 998 persons were convicted of capital crimes in Great Britain, of whom 152 were executed, 617 transported for life and tbe remainder had tbeir sentences commuted to lighter punishment. The Bible Convention. The Bible Convention, held at Hartford, Ct., on the 6th inst., broke up in a row. On the 7th inst. the chairman announced that they should j meet again before a great while, in some other i part of New England. None of the various ! resolutions introduced vyere paesqd. War Between Peru and Bolivia.—A letter from Callao, April 26. says : No doubt, hostilities i will soon commence between Peiuand Bolivia. I The Peruvian Charge d’Affiiires to Bolivia, and ! Vice Consul at, La Paz, had been foicibly expell ed under the charge o plotting against the Gov ■ ernmeiit of Bolivia. i Capture of Slaves. —Accounts from Ba . | thurst,coast ol Africa, to the 10th of May. an , nounee th it several slavers had recently been ’ captured by the British cruisejp, but that ‘ cargoes of negroes were occasionally run off under the Spanish and Brazilian flags. Arrest of a Fugitive Slave.—Henry Ken ner, a s ave of Mr. Wm. Waul, of Frostburg, ’ Md., who made bis escape about five years ago. and has since been wandering about, was arrest ed at Louisville, Ky., a couple of weeks ago. Joseph Anderson, who was bringing him back i to Maryland, was attacked by him near Coving ton, Ky., and dangerously beaten. Kenner was afterwards committed to Covington jail. i Broke out of Jail—The Edgefield Adver -1 tiser of 15th inst., says: On Monday night, last two prisoners, Williams and New, succeeded in effecting their escape from our new Jail. The I crime of the former was Burglaiy—that, of the latter, Negro-stealing—both offences of the first | degree. Survey Beyond the Ai.atamaha.—The En - gineer Corps lately engaged under Mr. Holcomb, e in the survey of a line ol road from Savannah K to Albany, left this city yesterday evening lor a the west bank of the Alatamaha, there to resume V their labors in the prosecution of their work to e Florida in the direction of the M iddle District We rejoice that the undertaking is in bands so b admirably qualified for its accomplishment.— e Savannah Georgian, \Ath inst. <■ Salary and Piokings.—The Captain General . of Cuba, according to one of the newspaper cor e respondents, receives an annual income of a lit tle over lour hundred thousand dollars, of which amount only $50,000 is his regular salary, $200,- n 000 being his revenue from the slave importa e tions, $24,000 from passport fees, $32,000 Irom the appointments of subordinate officers, $12,000 allowance lor extra expenses,and about SIO,OOO 8 from other sources. At about a quarter before 10 o’clock lasteven- II ing a fire broke out on board the ship Gondar, a Capt. J. G. Barstow, recently from New York, e but now loading at Boyce ri Co.’s wharf lor . Liverpool. The fire companies were promptly ’ on the spot, and as we write, are engaged in filling her. How the fire originated is not t known. She ha<l on board about 180(1 bales of Cotton—a very large proportion Upland. Wei are gratified to learn that the Insurance Com panies ol this city are very small sufferers, the h bulk of the Cot ton being insured abroad.— Ch. Courier, liilh inst. [From the Savannah News, l 11/i inst.\ Hon. Hu«»y 11. Jackson.—We recently an nounced in our telegraphic column that this young and distinguished son of Georgia had been iippointed by the President, charge fairs. to the Couit of Vienna. If there is any thing rnis'iitable in the appointment, it is. be cause, a lull mission has not oeen bestowed up on him ; for, if we may judge of the future by the past, (and what better test can we have .’) he would have done honor to his native State, as well as to himself, by the manner in which he would have dischargad its duties. To say that the citizens of our whole State, with singu lar unanimity, without regard Io party, rejoice in this iippriii'ment, is simply to state a truth, well known by all to be so. Judge Jackson has hardly yet leached the usual pilin ' ot life, being, we believe, not 3.3 years of age, but he has already filled several important petitions, and all with signal ability. In the wa with Mexico he commanded the Georgi < Regiment, and made it the best discip lined Volunteer corps in the army. Since then, lie has been the presiding Judge ot this circuit, and has pr ved himself to beequal to any emer gency—and no one can say with truth, that he has been wanting in every requisite for the ju rist and the Judge. Now he commences a new career—if the«p;,qrtunity be given to him, un less we greatly mistake the man, he will earn 1 as brilliant a reputation as a diplomatist, as he has already done in every station he has adorn- ; ed. • 1 We regret for the sake of our State, that we are to lose his services—even now his name is i prominently mentioned for the high post of : Governor of Georgia— but we hear, and believe he has consented to accept the loreign appoint ment. We wish him health, honor and happi ness. and A'i are sure the democracy of our State will to.rdial’■ join with us in these feel- ' ing», as v.'.T’Ai r.vy dp, in sa.isiaction that 1 ' ' t 'h t \4<h ms*] |S Sou.fa-Woflte H* Georgia —rhe B,uuswick Ba;' . , t road, &c. In a receipt visit to South-Western Georgia, , we were hi’Jblv pleased to wi'ness the signs ot prosperity and improvement which every where meet the eye in that interesting por tion of our State. Especially in Albany and Thomasville,and in Baker and Thomas coun- ( ties do we see the evidences of rapid im- ■ provement. Thar section of the State has suffered some this Spring by drought, but lately many portions of it have been blessed with copious showers, so that at present there is ( a fair prospect of good crops generally, though ( some neighborhoods are still suffering from ( drought. The people every where in South- ( western Georgia are highly excited on the sub- . ject of Railroads. They have discovered that there is nothing wanting to make their sec tion one of the most prosperous, and desira- ■ hie portions of the State, but a cheap and ’ easy access to market, and they are determ ined to have it. T> e Brunswick Railroad, J they believe, will afford them every facility that they need, and they are determined it shall be built. We were told by those who ap- ' peared to be well informed on the subject, . that a large portion of the Stock had arleady ’ beer,taken by Northern Capitalists, and that the people more immediately interested were ? ablet and willing to take the balance. From 1 all lhat we saw and heard on the subject we 1 believe the Brunswick Railroad will be built, € arid that it will form a new era in the prosperi- c t; of South-western Georgia. The first object s of the Stockholders, is to build a Railroad from c Brunswick to Thomasville, and branches to s Albany and Tallahassee ; they then propose 8 tq continue the main track to Pensacola or „ some other port on the Gulf. They expect to h»ve lines of Steamboats running in connexion I with the Railroad, from Brunswick to Charles .in and New York, and from the Gulf terminus a oi the Railroad, another line in connexion with s a route through Mexico, or Central America to J the Pacific. We have received these items of . information from the ardent friends of the Rail- f road ; they may appear extravagant to some, J and visionaiy to others. The plan is a mag hificent one, but we see no reason why it may , not be realized. It will take time and money £ to complete such a great work, but it is already ‘ cnmmenced, which.is an important item in any gteat enterprise, aud it will gain friends and strength as it progresses. Every section that , is built, will benefit some part of the coun- . try. We hope and believe the enterprise will go on and prosper until the whole work is com- 1 pleted and the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexi- ' co are bound together by bonds of Iron. ( Ship Gondar and Cai.go —The destruction I ol this fine ship, and that portion ol a cargo of ! Cotton and Naval Stores which she had on 1 board, has been cornple. All efforts to save eith- ' er vessel or cargo were unavailing, and that por- ■' tion of her hull which remained above water ’ was still slowly burning last evening, twenty four hours after the fire commenced. We have - 1 never witnessed so obstinate a conflict with ’ ll*,-Aierful element, as was presented on this ' -» .ps-an. Her canre, as we mentioned in our issue ofyerterdaj morriing. consisted ol about 1800 bates of Cotton and 275 barrels of Rosin, alb ' ot which, with the exception of $ 1600 in the South Carolina Insurance Office, in this city 1 was insured in England, and the shipments 1 were made by commercial houses of our city, ’ principally on account of other parties. The origin of the fire cannot, we believe, be account ed for.— Charleston Courier, 11 th inst “ Hang Up the Fiddle and the Bow!” Dancing formally denounced and forbidden by the : Presbyterian Church.— The following Resolution i has been unanimously adopted by the Presbyte rian General Assembly at Buffalo: “ Resolved, That the fashionable amusement i of promiscuous dancing is entirely unseriptural and eminently and exclusively that of the ’world which liveth in wickedness,’ and so wholly in consistent with the spirit of Christ, and with that propriety of Christian Jeportment, and that purity of heart which his followers are bound to maintain, as to render it not only improper and injurious for professing Christians either to par take in it. or qualify their children for it by teaching them the art; but also to call for the faitblul and judicious exercise of discipline on the part of Church Sessions when any of. the members ot their churches have been guilty.” Third Congressional District.—We un derstand that at a Conven lion of Delegates for the Third Congressional District, convened at For syth on Monday last, Hon. David J. Bailey was re-nominated the Democratic candidate, to be supported in this District at the ensuing genargl election. We further understand that the name of Mr. Howard, of Crawford, was not before the Convention, at his own request. That of Mr. Smith, of Upson, was the name prominently voted for in opposition to Mr Bailey ; the vote on the second and last bailptting was: For Bailey 19 ; Smith 11, when on motion of Col. Gibson, Col. Bailey was unanimously nominated by acclamation. The Convention was conduct ed and closed in harmony. We presume we shall receive the report ofthe proceedings of the meeting from the Secretary in time to publish in our next. — Criffin Jeffersonian, IGth inst. Notes of the Atlanta Bank.—We do not doubt the ability of Geo Smith & Co., to redeem all the issues of this Bank, made under their own ership. But there are some principles bearing upon the question ot their circulation which, it seems to us, should not be overlooked. 1. The public do not know what its circula tion now is, nor have they any means of know ing- 2. There is no restriction upon its issues. They may issue five [pillion dollars of this mon ey, if they choose, and if the people will take them. 3. They are not responsible and do not pre tend to be responsible for its issues any farthei than the law of Georgia makes them responsible. And if the bank breaks, when there is a million of its bills in circulation, the bill-holders have no remedy but to pocket their losses. 4. if those bills go into general circulation, > there is an end to banking under the general law of this S*, te. Our currency will speedily be composed of sbinplasters. 5. George Smith & Company will not take the paper of individuals without knowing their condition,and without having it well endorsed. Why should they ask the public to take their paper on any different terms? 6. George Smith & Co., stipulated that if the suit of the State against them was withdrawn they would wind up the shinplaster business and come under the general banking Igw ol the State. But here ig a plain attempt to evade the law. It, looks to us like a palpable violation ol their pledge. 7. Now is the time to put a stop to its circu lation in the West. The Southern Michigan . Road have refused it. Some of our business men refuse it. Let every well-wisher to this State —every man who wishes to see a paper curren ' cy secured by a bona fide pledge of public stocks, 1 so that the bill holders in all emergencies will be safe against loss—refuse to take these bills, or > any like them, and they will speedily disappear. want money, as much as most men, but we think it would be wronging the public tp give I circulation to such bills, and therefore we not only advise all men not to touch them, but we shall practice our own precepts. ( We are sorry to be obliged to speak in this mpnner, but we could not hold our peace and be _ guiltless.— Adilipaukie, Wis., Democrctt.Silsl HJay. i 1 New York, June 11. ; Sailing of the Atlantic—Baltimore aud other Passengers.— The American steamship Atlantic sailed at noon for Liverpool. sh e took out 207 ■ passengers and $298,000 in ingots. Among her , passengers are Mr. and Mrs. Zenos Bernum, , son and servant, James M. Buchanan and son. r three Mjsaes Morris, and George Kent, all of l Baltimore; J. F. Graves, bearer of dispatches; > Arthur O’Leary, bearer of dispatches to Turkey; I: Otto (xuthenie, hearer of dispatches to Germa f ny;Hon. J.L. Taylor, of Ohio;. Allen Dod s worth,of Dodworth’s Band, Judge Harker, A. - J. Bleecker, Mr. and Mrs, Braham, the vocalists, u of New York; S. T. Harrison, S. F. Corner, Mrs. Cored, and Mr. and Mrs, Ricon and two chil dren, of North Carolina. [From the Temperance Banner.} Athens, May 26th. 1853. Dear-Sir: — In reply to your favor ofthe 16th inst., I would state that, it is uncertain whether it will be in my power to m ct with the friends of temperance at Atlanta, the last Wednesday in June. It will be unquestionably an occasion of vast importance ; 1 trust that their delibera tions may be stamped with that wisdom which comes down from above. Thank God, that I have lived to see one great victory won in out noble cause. In 1839 the constitutional power of the State Legislature to pass any law prohibiting the traffic in liquor, was boldly denied. I argued that question in the newspapers and in public assemblies, with some of the most distinguished men in the State. The Supreme Court of the United States—the final arbiter in this matter—has settled that question, beyond the possibility of a doubt. Three famous license suits were carried up to that bench from Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Hampshire; Messrs. Webster, Choate and Hallett, from Massachusetts ;—Messrs. Ames and Whipple, of Rhode Island ; and Mr. , Hale, of New Hampshire, were associated in , these suits, and, as chief Justice Taney assures us. in delivering his opinion, “they were fully and ably argued.” Yet after a laborious search i of several years, by this brilliant array of most ■ distinguished counsellors, orators and statesmen, 1 to shield tbe business of their clients upon the ] ground, that the statutes of these States, conflict- , ed with the constitution of the United States, j the concurrent opinions ot the entire court, < swept, away this defence as wholly untenable, ] and sustained tbe State laws to th* fullest ex tent. I would commend the adjudication of ( these important, long and ably contested cases, j to the attention of those who proclaimed so boldfy the contrary doctrine in 1839. It is tbe . casein the Sth .volume of Howard’s Reports. , Tbecourt rfo -nly declarer net there was -io | conflict between these prohibitory St. t av v 'AfufThe Constitution, but ir,«l( jro u-nen • s, Mullv e ablGbed the fifh; A » ” yr YM ’ entirely safe of liitoXical...g® drinks, by ; , wholesale as well as retail, foreign importations as well as domestic manufactures j Allow me to make a few brief extracts from s the separate opinions delivered by the Judges: f Chief Justice Taney:—“Every State may < regulate its own internal traffic according to its ; own judgment, and upon its own views of the inferesi and well-being of its citizens. I am , not aware that these principles have ever been t questioned. Ifany State deems the internal and | retail traffic in ardent spirits injurious to its citizens. an‘d calculated to produce idleness, vice € or deb-jneherv. I see nothing in the constitution ( of tbe United States to prevent it from regula- f ting and restraining tbe traffic, or from prohib- f iting it altogether ifit thinks proper.” ] Mr. Justice McLean:—“The acknowledged j police power of a State, extends often to the de struction of property. A nuisance may be c abated. It is the settled construction of any regulation of commerce, that no person ean in- c troduce into a community malignant disease, or anv thing which contaminates its morals or en- ( dangers its safety. Individuals in tbe enjoy- ( ment of their own rights, must be careful not to f injure the rights of others.” I f ‘Mr. Justice Prior:—“lt is not necessary to ! s array the appalling statistics of misery, pauper- | ism and crime, which have tbeir ori in in the f use or abuse of ardent spirits. The police pow- I er. which is exclusively in the State, is alone | | competent to the correction of these great evils ; € and all measures of restraint or prohibition, ne- ] cessary to effect the purpose, are within the 1 ; scope ofthat authority. All laws for the re- : r straint or punishment of crime—for the preser- j j vation of all public peace, health and morals, are j | from their very nature *f primary importance, i and lie at the foundation of social existence. ‘ f Thev are for the protection of life and liberty. and necessarily compel all laws on subjects ot v secondary importance, which relate only to property, convenience or luxury, to secede when f they come in contact or collision : — Salus Popu li. supremalese. The exigencies of tbe social r compact require that such laws be executed be- , fore and above all others. It, is for this reason | that quarantine laws, which protect public j j health, compel m°re commercial resnlations to f submit to theircontrol They restrain the lib- i j ertv of th* passengers ; they operate on the ■ ship, which is the instrument of commerce and j its officers and crew.—the agents of navigation ; i , they seize the infected cargo and cast it over- ! ( board. All these things are done—-not from any , ; power which the State assumes to regulate com- | because police laws, for the preser- j ( vation of health—prevention of crime, and pro- ; ] tection of the public welfare, must of necessity , , have full and free opration, according to the exi- I gency, which requires their interference. If a| , loss of revenue should accrue to the United States, from a diminished consumption of ardent , spirits, she will be the gainer a thousand fold in . tbe health, wealth and happiness of tbe people.” And M, Justice Woodbury said thus on the face nf them : “ These laws relate exclusively to ( the regulation of licensed houses and the sales , . of an article, which, especially where retailed ; in small quantities, is likely to attract together I within the State unusual numbers, and en- I courage idleness, wastefulness and drunkenness , , to mitigate, if not to prevent this last evil, was ‘ undoubtedly their design. From the first settle- . ment of this country, ard in most other nations, , ancient or modern —civilized or savage—it has been found useful to discountenance excesses in the use of intoxicating liquor. And without entering here into the question, whether legisla tion may not on this—as well other matters — become intemperate, and react injuriously to the , salutary objects sought to be promoted, it is , enough to say, under the general aspect of it, , that the legislation here is neither novel nor ex traordinary, nor apparently designed to promote . other objects than physical, social and moral im provement. On the contrary; its tendency clearly, is to reduce family expenditures—secure health, and lessen pauperism and crime.” J udge Catron. Judge Daniel and other mem bers ot the court, gave their opinion, all re-as- ( firming and corroborating the decisions of each subordinate State court, that the entire control of the sale of intoxicating drinks is within the legitimate province and constitutional compe tency ofthe State legislature ; and that this con trol is not limited to any mere regulations or partial restrictions, but extends to the entire prohibition, whenever the legislature of any State thinks such legislation essential to the pub lic welfare. This point then, is forever at rest: T. be State has the clear constitutional power tp, «X withhold licenses —to tolerate or prohibit tbe traffic. Grava objections have been interposed ot late, as to the mode of exercising this power. A statute was passed by the legislature of Delaware, 19th February, 1847, providing that the citizens of the several counties in that State, sh ’uld decide by their votes, whether or not the retailing of intoxicating liquors should be per mitted in said counties. And this, I understand, is the mode of redress contemplated in ths State. This act was declared to be unconstitu tional by the Supreme Court of Delaware, on the ground that the legislature could not dele gate the power of making laws to any power or body. This was the case of Rice vs. Foster, re ported in 4th Harvington, 479. To the act of 1846, passed in Pennsylvania., giving the citizens of certain jouiities the power to decide by a vote, whether the sale of vinous and spirituous liquors should be continued within such counties, and imposing a penalty for the sale of such liquors, where a majority of the vo ters had been against such sale ;—was deflated to be unconstitutional and void, for the reason that legislative power could not be delegated, hut must be exercised by the body created by the constitution for that purpose.—See Parker vs. Commonwealth. 6 Barr’s State Reports, 507. In a late case in Vermont these decisions are re viewed and overruled, and a contrary doctrine established,—Bancroft vs. Dumas It. Vermont Reports, 456. I forbear to express any opinion upon tbis point.— I formed none. Should the friends of legislation succeed and pass an act of a similar character to the foregoing, it. may become my du ty officially, to decide upon its constitutionality. And for this reason among others —I shall stand I aloof from tfff 3 discussion which is now agitating the State. It is due to candor, however, to state that lam not fully persuaded in my own mind, as to the expediency of the movement, which is now making. No man detests grog-shops more than I do; most gladly would I see them extir pated from the land. But have we laid a foun dation broad and deep enough in the moral and mental education of the people.to sustain such a measure? I fegr not. We must not expect too much of legislation ; it can neither make a peo ple rich, moral nor wise. When the walls of Jerusalem were to be re-built after the captivi ty, each tribe repaired its own portion ; —laying the beams—setting up the doors “ and the locks thereof, and the bars thereof” So it must b.e now in this, and every other rpforrn : We must begin at home. Train up our children right; and feel that the responsibility is upon us, fortheir drunkenness and idleness. We are too easily discouraged by difficulties. Has temperance its season of apathy anfl indif ference? So has religion. Is intemperance on the increase? So is wickedness of every kind. Could it be otherwise, with the influx of gold and of foreign immigration which has come in ■ like a flood upon the country’’ Our principles are right—our object is noble—the judgment and i conscience of mankind are with us, and God is • on our side. Why such despondency ? Will all steam power be relinquished ? Will the tele graph be abandoned ? Will the art of printing, and the mariner’s compass be given to the moles . and the bats? Then not before will the total . abstinence principle he cast aside, I Besides, old States—like old men—require r more time to change their habits and opiaions. , It is hard for the Ethiopegn to chance hisskin . or the leopard his spots. The men of this gen- I eration had formed an artificial appetite forli ; quor before the tee-total doctrine was thought of; ; —but the next will grow upunderits influence Look at the new States in the great vnllies ot the West : lowa has barred out the traffic. Wisconsin holds the vender responsible for the I, mischief he occasions. Michigan inserts in her constitution: “ No Legislature shall hereafter li cense the sale of intoxicating drinks. Let us be patient’as well as prudent, —with, VOL. 32 -NEW SERIES -VOL-8. -NO. 20. the law of love in our hearts and upon our tongues; —the enemy we combat must sooner or la’er fall. The friends of temperance may retard the fulfillment ot their hopes ;—its snemiis can not. With unshaken reliance on Him, whose spirit can soften tbe heart ofthe distiller and seller,— to withhold from their fellow-men the cup that kills, I am very sincerely yours, Jos H knrv Lumpki N. Statistics of Grime, No. 3. To His Excellency, Howell Cobb, Governor, fyc. Another feature in the Statistics to which I have called your attention, is the propor tion of foreigners accused, to the natives This proportion is very large, being 12 97-100 or (discarding the minute fraction) 13 in every 100 offences. In a calculation which I have made, based upon a statement which has* been pre pared for me under the directions of Maj. Zach ry, the worthy Principal Keeper ot our Peni tentiary, I find the ratio of foieigneis imprison ed there, to the numher of convicts, natives ofthe United States, as something less. I take occasion here (while alluding to this Penitentiary record) to say that I hope in ( some subsequent number to present the Sta- , tistical results in the form ot tables (similar ( to those which I have presented in my first No.) derived from this State Prison sum- ■ mary. In the mean time’ I shall refer to it in aid of the observations I am making up- ( on the Statistics which I have already pub- ; lished. ( This record from our Penitentiary shows , the proportion of foreigners to be as 7 20-100 . in every hundred. i Asa sort of disturbing force to tbe conclu- ; sions derived from this record, I find—by the j returns of ’lie United States census of 1850 ] for o’ir State—that there were reported 85 , y my ‘’mi vear, 66 of which were t •i'*i to foreigners. Also that on the , f'J’eu. w there weie in prison 34 t nau’res anu foreigners. ■* 1 This exhibit; a wonderful disproportion of f foreigner- to natives, taking into consider- e ation the relative numbers of the population, r foreign and native ; the convictions showing c one foreigner to about every 3 50-100 natives, ; and the accusations 1 to about 5. These returns, however, seem to be incom- c plete, and derived from a portion us the coun- , ties only; and should not, therefore, probably f be taken into the account. Let us then take the very lowest ratio. s exhibited viz : that shown by the record from r our Penitentiary, where we have 7 20 100 t foreigners born out of the Union in every 100 convictions, or 9 out of the whole numbei, f 125 : and consider the subject with reference f to that proportion. 2 By the United States census returns "tor v our State, I find that in 1850 the foreign ; population or number of our inhabitants born tl out of the United States was 5907. Since ; that time, this population has very much in- y creased. I find by the Sexton’s report for the city of Augusta, during the past vear. that « the deaths and burials of foreigners in the j. city have considerably more than doubled c since 1850; and this population has probably r therefore more than doubled in this place since that year. _ h The intelligent officer at present occupied in ] taking tbe city census has satisfied me by oth- a er facts which he has brought to my atten- c tion. that this pnpu’aHon has more than doubled r in Augusta since that date. This is also true. a no doubt of other cities in the State. The h increase, however, is very much confined to the towns, and is slight elsewhere. t On the whole I think that I shall not be p far from the truth in assuming that the num- j ber of such p*r=ons in our State at present, is f very near y 10 000. t Now. according to the census returns, the •; free white population, of our Stale in 1850 r was 521,438. From this, let us deduct the ) number of foreigners at the time, viz : r 5907. and wa have in round numbers a na- ( tive white nnnulation of 515 000. From among f these 515,000 natives th*n come the 116 j native convicts in the Penitentiary, while t from the 10,000 foreigners come the 9 con- ( victs horn out of the United States. This, it will be perceived, gives one con viction of a native to every 4956 of the t native population, and one conviction of a , foreigner to every It 11 of the foreign popu- t lation. or 4of the latter to one of the form- , er. taking into consideration the relative , proportion of the population, foreign and native, t In this estimate, it will be seen, we have not ( taken into account, tbe increase of the native | white population since 1850. I have not time to dwell upon the practical > reflections to which these results give rise, but , must for the present leave them with the reader, i Before taking leave of this subject, however, I desire to remark, that Beaumopt and De Toc queville in their Sytleme Penitentaire, &c., show that st the time when they wrote, in the States of Massachusetts, Connecticut. New York, Pennsylvania, apd Maryland, the number of persons born onl of tbe United States, in the State prisons these Slates, was as 14 in I every 100 imprisoned. (Beaumont et JDe Tgcoue ville. Sustemc Penitcntiaire- Par. Ed. 1836. Vol. 2. P. 300.) a result very similar to that which the record from this district, as presented by me, shows, viz: 13 In every 100 imprison*: ments. I find also from the same source, and same page, that in tbe States referred to, the num ber of persons, natives of the State in which 1 thev were tried, in the State Prisons were as ■ 53 in every 100 of all offences, and the num ber of persons, natives of other States of the * United States, were as 33 in every IQO ; while the record kept by me shows 55 natives of the state and 32 natives of other States < in every 100 tried-*a result very nearly coin- ' cident. At the same place these writers compare 1 the number of foreigners tried in France in proportion to natives, with what is showy, (as above) as true of the United States, and say.that ' The No. of Foreigners in France, to the tatal accused is as 3 to 100. The No. of accused born in the Department where tried, is to the whole, as 72 to 10ft. The No. of accused born out ot the De- ' partment. but in Franca, .s as 23 o 100. This Table shows many more natives ac cused of crime, much fewer foreigners and considerably fewer persons born in other sec tions of the country than with us. Messieurs Beaumont et De Tocqueville thinks, that this result is owing to tha fact, that the population in France is “ infinitely more sedentary” than wish us. There can he no doubt, that this in part accounts for the difference; but whilst it does this, it al so illustrates in part the difference in the moral condition of the two countries, espe cially when we take in cohnection with it, the reflection, that the record which I have presented and by which we make this cojn parison. exhibits few or none of those revol ting crimes which apncn’,’ s» prominently in the criminal calender of the French. Anocher very interesting feature of these statistics is the comparative ages of persons committing crimes. Our tables show, that in this judicial District 3 85 1 Oft are between the ages of 15 and 2ft; 46 15 100 between the uses Ot 2ft and 30. 28 85-100 between 30 and 40. 7 69 100 between 40 and 50, and 13 46 100 between 50 and 60. The record from our Penitentiary furnishes the follow Table : Convicts Letvyeen 15 and2l, in every 100 19 20 d 0 do 21 and 30 do do 35.20 <j Q do 30 and 40 do do 22 40 do do 40 and 50 do do 12 00 Jo do 50 and 60 do do 640 do do 60 and 70 do do 480 100 00 It appears by the record referred to, that ot the above, there are 13 40 who are between 18 and 2j of nearly 20 years of age, and only 5-80 who ore under 18 A tabl# l is furnished by Bcaunont and De Tocqueville, at p p SSI. 283 of Ih. ir work here tofore cited by me. shown g the ages of offenders in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Mas sachusetts and Connecticut, as fallows . Prisoners less than 20 years old 1 in 10 or 10 00 da between 20 and 30 lin 2 or 50 00 do do 30 and 40 lin 5 or 20.00 do do 40 and 50 lin 9 or 11.11 do do 50 and 60 lin2s or 4,oft The rest are above 60 years old. A similar table is furnished by these writers showing the ages of offenders in France, as fol- lows • Cpnvicis less than 21years nf age 1 in 5 or 20,00 do between 21 and 30 1 in 3or 33.33 do do 30 and 40 1 in 4 or Q 5 00 do do 40 and 50 I in 8 or 12,50 do do 5.3 and 6ft 1 in 18 or 5.56 do da 60 and 70 1 in 46 or 2.17 Tha number above 70, they say is something ; but so small as to make record usselea. In Chamber’s “ Information for the People.” I find the following table compiled for England in the year 1838. Offenders under 12 years old 1 58 da between 12 and 16 9 92 da do 17 and 21 29 13 ' do do 22 and 30 31 24 do do 31 and 40 14 75 do do 41 and 50 7 02 ’ do do 51 and 60 3 00 above 60 I 58 Not ascertained 1 78 I 100 00 In the British Almanac for 1845, I find a 1 similar table for 1843, as follows. Offenders aged under 15 years 5 7 f do between 15 and 20 22 7 I do do 20 and 25 24 3 do do 25 and 20 14 9 1 do do 30 and 40 16 4 do do 40 and 50 8 1 ! do do 50 and 60 3 5 r do above 60 1 9 Not ascertained 2 ® . 100 0 A comparison of these statistics, coming as they do from such different communities of men, and at different periods of time is not a little useful. Such comparison serves very forcibly to show, the approximation to accuracy of result, and consequent, rehabdity of such statistical fa bles. By it, we find what an English writer calls ‘ wonderfully uniform results as to age” just where character, habits, structure of society, &c. may be ■ upposed to operate least influence ; and just such variations elsewhere, as serve to a cer tain extant, to illustr te tbe difference in the character, habits arid condition of th* people. We observe at a glance, in these tables, how true it is, as Sir H L. Bulwer somewhere says, that such statistics every where show, that the greatest number of c-irnes are committed by per sons at a period of life, “ when the faculties are most developed, and the passions most strong.” But let us first compare the record as taken from our Penitentiary with the French table, and we will find with us. 19 20 100 offenders under 21 years of age, or about 1 in 5. In France we find lin 5. We have with us of fenders between 21 and 30 years of age 35-20- 100. or nearly Ito 3. In Franc* we find 33 33- 100 or 1 in 3. With us there are offen ders between 30 and 40 years old 22 40-100 or something more than 1 in 4. In France 25 100, or lin 4. With us 12-100 are between 40 and 50 or nearly 1 in 8. In France, 12 50-100, or just 1 in 8. If with the French, and our tables, we now compare the table (as above given) for the Northern States, We shall find a considerable difference in the first proportion stated,that is to sav: of persons under 20 and2l.andthisofcour.se affects the ratio of the next proportion, viz : the ages between 30 and 40. In the American ta ble, we find that the age taken is 20 years, and in our Penitentiary, and France, it is 21 years. By the first, we find, that offenders in the States mentioned, un ler 20 years old, are as 1 in 10, and between 20 and 30 as 1 in 2. whilst with us, and in France, offerer under 21 ate as 1 in 5 and bi rwe-n 21 an-lßH'' • '■< " . In commenting o.i t»,‘, .JiUeiencu as belnueu the French and tne American tables which they exhibit. Beaumont and De Tocqueville at p 302. 2 vol. of tbeir work, sav. that “it is the displacing of a year, which causes the difference observa ble ; a difference only apparent.” If this be so, there is indeed a very surprising co-incidence in these results. Even if they be wrong in this ; still there remain many striking features of similarity. When we bring the English tables (above given) into comparison with the others, a re markabfo difference is observable, to the advan teg ofthe French and our own people. We find from one ofthe above tables taken from English authority, that out of every 100 of fenders. there ere 20 63-100; or about 1 to every 2i under 21 years of age. Os these 1 58-100 were under 12 years, and 9 92-100 or nearly 1 in >O, between 12 and 18. With us there are iibont 1 in 5 only under 21 ; 5 80-100 or about 1 in 20. between 15 and 18 ; and none under 15 years old. We have heard much about the number of “ juvenile delinquents.” in England, but a com parison of their criminal statistics with other countries exhibits this in so prominent a man ner, as to sadden and shock—as to excite the wondering thought, of how it is possible, that a hard thinking, practical, unimpassioned people like the English, in the fare of the stubborn and alarming evidence, which this and other features of their criminal statistics (such as the large number of awfully'bru’al mate offenders, the great, proportion of female criminals, the deep depravity, and fiendish cruelty of some of them] exhibit, as to the degree and ex’ent of their na tional immorality and depravity, even as com pared with Roman Catholic France, and slave holding America, should yet allow themselves, to shut their eyes in ex-taeies of “ Uncle Tomi tudes,” to their miserable social condition, to “thank God that they ?re not as other men,” or even as the poor slaveholder, to warn those un happy slaveholders, a« does one of their greatest men. Earl Carlisle in his preface to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, not “to lay the unction to their souls, that the common run of mechanics and laborers in England are on a level of suffering and de gradation with the slave on a rice swamp in Carolina, or at a sugar crop time in Lonsiana, &c.” One would think, that instead of wasting their energies in sympathy for people who are so much less immoral, brutal, and de'-raved than, themselves, and leaving such to deal with their .national ills as they best can, they would bring 'ail their resources to bear upon the reform of those monstrous social evils in their own sys tem—which in the voices ofthe weak and the helpless are crying to Heaven for redress — would give all that they can spare of what Lord Carlisle calls 1 ’ tbe warmth of sympathy and ar dor of humanity” to stay the bloody hands of their starving and brutal “ common run” of adult male criminals—and especially to hold them up from.injures to helpless women and in fants—to save from famine, and cruelty, crime and its consequences the miserable, little pauper children, who swa m throughout the Kingdom ; and to turn back or away from an car'hly hell of want, and crime, and degredation, the broad j and deep stream of motheis and wi.es, sisters and cJaujiliters, wbic-h bus Heeri so long pouring into that dread abysm in England. Very Re pectfully, Your Excellency’s ob’t serv’t, E. Starnes Living beyond our Means. For the sake ol appearance to keep up a dis play and make a figure in the world, multitudes adopt the vicious habit of spending more than they earn. Pride and fashion exercises a mer ciless despotism over their purses. The rich in their abundance do not feel the burden: but when the thing is attempted by those in mod erate and humble circumstances, then “ comes the tug of war.” In order to ape the attitun*s of wealth, thev exhaust all their resources, and even strain their credit until it is perfectly threadbare. • There is much in the habits and customs of so ciety furnishing a strong temptation to this course—vet it is a serious evil. It is not as be tween man and man ;it is an extravagance that carries in its train a pecuniary injustice. He who lives beyond his means must supply the de ficiency from the pockets of his neighbors, very often upon the strength of a deceptive credit.— His very display gives him an appearance of affluence that misguides the judgment others. He knowingly passes himself off for more than he is worth, and what is this but a species of fraud ? There is, of course, an end to this habit some where ; the commercial reputation of the indi vidual must finally be swamped by the number of his unpaid indebtedness; yet the whole pro cess is one of dishonesty, even before this catas trophe reveals it. No Christian ought to be guilty of it. He not only disgraces himself there by. but also jeopards the reputation of religion among men It is moreover a very nncomfortable habit. He who lives above bis means generally owes more than he can pay ; and the further he goes, the worse he makes his condition. He becomes a stereotyped borrower ; pays one debt by contracting another; has a great many debts to pay—little, petty, annoying bills, s*a’tered in all directions, which he does not know how to meet. They are constantly haunting him with their unp’easant clamors; thev sacrifice his reputation, and give the com munity the just impression that he is a poor pay master All this must be a source of great inconvenience and perplexity, far too great to find an adequate compensation in a little mean ingless parade It would be far wiser, involv* much less friction of the nerves, to shine less and enjoy more. The temptations of the habit are both nume rous and dangerous. It tempts a man to sacri fice hi® sense of honor, to place a light estimate upon his word to be easy in promising and very slow in fulfilling His moral principles become loose, and pass into tbe state of decay. His wants bribe him ; and he is likely, under the plea ot necessity, to do what under other cir cumstances he would not think of doing. Some times be is led to contact debts, and the i move a wav. leaving them unsettled and unpaid. Per haps he runs his crefftt in one place UU .u<;» it out. and then does the «ame thing in another, till he finally runs himself out. He is tempted tn acts of meanness, not to say dishonesty, such as dodging creditors, and mak ing promises which he does not seriously expect to fulfil. His virtue is always taxed and strain ed by his pride on the one hand, and the incon veniences of bis extravagance on the other ; and between the two the path of plain and simple honesty is made very difficult. Sins seldom go alone ; one form of wrong leads to another ; and hence he whose proud heart requires what his lax conscience permits, is on the highway ol temptation. What he may be led to do in cer tain crisis made by his folly, he cannot tell. He may be so severely chafed and pinched, as even to he guilty of the crime of murder. And then again, he who consumed all and more than all, for the purpose of display, of course has not a penny for the offices of charity; he can give nothing to aid the poor, to promote the public good or disseminate the knowledge of the gospel. He is always himself too poor for this work ; and quite likely soothes his con science and corrupts his heart with the plea of his own poverty. He would be glad to do some thing, but he cannot.—he is so poor. Very true; but let him inquire into the reasons of his pov erty. He lives too fast; he spends too much on himself and family, he keeps up more parade than he can support, and this is the chief reason why he is unah'e to contribute to the interests of charity and benevolence. How much more commendable in the sight of earth and Heaven, is that man who is econo mical and frugal, that he may be liberal—who restrains his own passion from excessive indul gence, that he may devote at least a portion ot his substance to tbe cause of God and interests of philanthropy. His is a rare and valuable vir tue. and. when it shall be more common in the church of Christ, it will be less difficult to find the means of sustaining and enlarging all her institutions of lov*.— Exchange paper. Hon. James Buchanan is expected to leave for the Court of St, James in the course of nex*| month.