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COMMVNICATION.
(cOMMUNtOATRD )
On the use of Limo and Magnesia for Ag
ricultual Purposes.
Third ami Concluding At licit.
BY PROF. JULIEN DSBY.
11l cur last article or the use of lime, we stated
that it was difficult to give an} - exact general cs
md ■ o’* the quantity tube used on different kinds
of s?: —n gov! ns ’ic : :.d ch-.vist being alone
compete.itto tl. s->l.- - i« aof this problem. The
practice of other countries is here o! little avail.
In Englund and Scotland, 130 bushels of un
slack. ' I ne may be taken a an averge to the
acre every 14 or 15 years, but sometimes as
much ;.s from 220 to 260 are used, and oven to
600 in yes', bogs On the Rhine, in Germany,
from 53 to 63 bushels every 6 or S years. In
Silesis. from 32 to 3S In France, in the de
partment of Sarthe, 10 bushels every 3 years; in
the department of Mayenne, 24 ; and in the de
pirtment of Ain, GO to 100 bushels every 9 years.
In Flanders, 40 every 10 years. In every local
ity in Europe there seems to exist differences in
this respect.
According to our observations, we may take as
a rule, that an application of from 8 to 15 bush
els to the acre annually seems to be the best fit
ted to the generality of soils. Il the land be
clayey, a larger quantity may be employed with
out disadvantage; but in all cases the amount
must be proportionate to the purity of the lime
to the thickness of the vegetable soil, and to the
depth of plowing, as well as to the nature of the
crop it is destined tor, aud to the quantity ot
manure (organic or inorganic) existing in the
ground under cultivation.
Lime is applied to the soil in different man
ners, and indifferently to seasons.
Ist. It may b: spread over the soil aud plough
ed into it at any convenient period.
2d. It may be spread on the soil and immedi
ately turned in, after the harvest of any kind or
crop, so as to prepare the soil for the succeeding
crop.
3d. It may (and this is the ordinary way) bt i
applied to land in preparation for fallow crops
4th. It may be spread as top dressing during
the growth of the plants. ,
Sth. It may be mixed with earthy or organic
substances, so as to constitute a '‘compost,’’ .nd
applied in this state.
Lime must be used when reduced to the state I
of an impalpable powder, to obtain which differ- j
ent modes may be employed.
A The fragments ot lime are put up into small i
heaps, which are covered over with a layer oi :
damp earth, (or better yet with ashes and occa- (
sionaily watered) and left so for a period of from j
15 to 25 days. It is now well mixed with the I
earth which covered it, cast evenly over the field '
with a shovel, aud harrowed or slightly plowed I
into it.
B The fragment.- of unslacked lime are strewn ;
over the land, and allowed there to slack by the >
action of the atmosphere, after which the lime is I
spread out as evenly as possible.
C The lime is allowed to slack in any con- ‘
veuient place,and carted to the field; it is then I
thrown off by a man standing on the waggon i
while this last is progressing slowly.
D The lime is stratified with alternate layers '
of mud from the bottom of ponds or ditches, peat, j
. dead leaves or other organic substances, or with :
soil rich in humus (the proportion of lime being |
2 or 3 bushels ot lime to one bushel of these sub- .
stances ) The beep is covered over •Sih earth :
and is left to itself for 10 or 15 days. It is then ;
broken up, well mixed, and allowed to rest for j
an undeterminate space of time, after which it is ;
worked up a second time, and is then fit for use. !
This “compost” is the mule of using lime,
which is to be preferred for light, sandy soils or i
gravel, wh.-re its effects are generally very ex-i
traordinary.
We have now considered Ihne inali its differ
ent agricultural aspects, and will resume our
vie ws in the following manner:
Ist. idiot soils is burnt lime a good manure?
Answer.—ln all soils except such as are cal
careous or chalky, or are rich to excess in ma
nure, or are formed of pure siliceous sand, seldom
rendered humid by rain or irrigation.
2d. In what soils is lime most particularly bene
ficial I
Answer. —In clay soils, in fr- aly cleared
Isof uo q I'ffify, in V, in ac:-; au.i ,in ;
such localities as contain silicates, potash or soda |
i ■ a' i.u! ince, (.. is the metamorphic or gold re- :
<g' :i'>:■ 3 . j.-g'. j which substances can only te i
free I from their combinations in felspar ar.d;
otre; mineral-, and made subservient to tne plant
by means of lime.
3J. In what stale is the lime to be used ?
Answer. —As calcined or burnt lime, and be
fore its transformation into carbonate of lime by
a long exposure to the air. In dry sandy soils it
ought to be applied as a compost, i. e. in conjunc
tion with vegetable debris.
4th. To what crops is lime to be applied ?
Answer.—To all crops ; but it has the most
remarkable effects on the cotton plant, on corn,
peas, turnips, rye, clover, and all leguminous
plants. It is less active in its effects on wheat,
oats, barley and grasses, (graminol.)
sth. How is lime to be applied to the soil 1
Answer. —Spread lightly (sown broad cast)
on the soil, and harrowed or ploughed into it,
but never deeply buried. The application ought
to be made during dry weather, and if possible,
during a windy day, which facilitates the even
distribution of the powdered lime over the whole
surface. If composts be used, they must be as
perfectly as possible incorporated with the soil
G. How much lime is to be applisd to an acre oj
land?
Answer. From eight to fifteen bushels are
generally a suitable quantity, if applied every
year, (which it should be.) If, however, its
effects are desired to last fora several consecutive
years, the quantity must be more than doubled
for two years, i. e. 20 to 40 bushels, more than
trebled for three years, i. e. 40 to GO bushels, and
so on, but is always much better to make use of
email doses, often renewed, than to give a large
quantity with a view of its lasting effects.
7. What precautions arc to be observed when
making use of lime ?
Answer. Never apply it immediately with
farm yard manure, nor liquid manure, nor guano
as the lime operates the too rapid decomposition
of these substances and frees them of their am
monia, causing a great loss of the most indispena.
able element of vegetable: nutrition.
The above are the principal results ol science
and practice, and 1 do not hesitate in affirming
that a judicious use ot lime in Georgia would
more than double her agricultural prosperity.
The experiment of using lime for the cotton*
crop has been tried, the lime being drilled into
furiows with leaves or other vegetable substan
ces and the cotton planted over it. The results,
which surpassed all expectation, are known to
the greater number ol our planters, and yet
many seem reluctant to believe in the efficacy
of lime.
The principal drawback tothe universal use of
lime in agriculture all over this country, seems to
be the high price of this substance caused in
a great measure by the heavy freight on the rail
load lines In m >st countlies of Europe, agricul
tural manures, including lime, gypsum, super
phosphate, ashes and many others aie transported
at a reduced price which makesit possible lor
the farmer to take in sufficient supplies at a rea
sonable cost, and as a consequence increases in
dividual and public welfare without diminishing
in the least the receipts of the rail roads, but on
the contrary raising them to a large amount.
The most extensive lime wo ks in Georgia
are those conducted by Mr. C. W. Howard at
Kingston, Cass County, and through the kindness
ol this gentleman in furnishing me, at my re
quest, with a few notes on the subject, I am en
abled to state some facts which cannot tail to ap
pear startling to all thinking minds.
Lime now sells at 20 cents a bushel at the
lime kilns at Kingston, the freight from there to
Augusta being IS cents a bushel. The fare ought
to be reduced to such a degree that the demand
of lime for agricultural purposes would become
steady and warrant the construction of perpetua l
kilns. Lime would then be manufactured and
sold at the very low price of 12 cents a busbe 1
and ought not to cost in Augusta more than 20
cents a bushel.
Supposing 15 bushels to be applied to the acre
ot cotton, these with reduced freight and cost
would cost three dollars, and certainly produce
an increase of 150 pounds of clean cotton to the
acre, if properly applied. This cotton at the
average price of S cents a pound would be worth
12 dollars, from which deducting 3 dollars lor i
cost of time, remains an inciease of 9 dollars per 1
acre. On a plantation where 100 acres ace culti- i
vated in cotton without lime, a crop of 15,000 |
pounds of cotton can, on an average, be raised ; i> j
ume w :e u5e34,000 pounds would be obtained
worth24oo dollars, from which deducting 3uo
dollars worth of lime, remains 2100 dollars in
stead ot 1200, or a clear benefit of 900 dollars at
tributable alone to the use of cheap lime. This
is near double what could be made by using lime
at the present exhorbitant rates.
1 he produce of cotton on lands situated within
reach of the rail roads, cannot be estimated at
less than 100,000 bales, from about 200,000 acres
Il lime were applied, 200,000 bales would be
raisedj arid supposing every acre to produce 24
dollars wor’hol cotton, the rough produce would
b- 4,800,000 dollars, or double the ordinary pro
duce, and 2,400,000 dollars will have been made
in upper and middle Georgia, by the use ol 3
millions of bushels of limn, costing 600.000 dol
iars, and leaving a ne tsurplus of 1,800,000 dollars
over the ordinary crop.—ln other words, 4,200,-
000 dollars of cotton would be made instead oi
2,400,000, which is the approximative, aetua
amount per annum. The Railroads could no
complain of losses when they would have to car
ry 3.000.000 of bushels of lime for agricultural
purposes alone, besides 100,000 bags of cotton
more than at present. I fin I on examination
that the eighteen cents actual freight per •u-hr.l
of lime from Kingston to Augusta, is divided into
10 Cents or the Georgia Kai.rea l (171 mu;.,
and Scents for the Stale Road (GO miles,)-or
0,058 cent-’ per mile on Georgia Road and 0,133
cents per mile on the Slate Road; the propnil.n
being as 58 is to 133 or nearly as one to three
As a stranger here, I cannot help remarking such
a disproportion in fares, especially wT.-n th.. -
State Road ought, I should think, to favor '.ne ;
general interests most, whereas, in this c..-e i- j
the private enterprise which gives the ex. ..pie
of liberality.
I have no doubt that a reduction in fares on
agricu.tura! manures would be profitable to ali
parties, and I hope that . he mention ot the above
(acts, through the medium of a widely circulated
paper, may draw pub ic attention to the subject
and engage the Railroads to a modification oi
their tariffs. Agriculture in Georgia is yet in its
infancy, both as an art and as a science and needs
every possible kind of encouragement from the
State.
Coming as I do from tin rich and big'.ly cu; i
vated plains ot Flanders. 1 cannot out be stuck
by the rough cultures of this, country whet cUme
p. ; r.d with those; aud though in.ee ilyand high
price oi labour are causes which will pr. v-.ntt .>.
State from being tri::.:,:e: ! into a - ‘g u Jei’
yet I believe much is io be done for the amelio
ration of your agriculture. The absence ot arti
ficial meadows is a remarkable feature in the
Georgia landscape, and I cannot help thinking
that clover and other green Ibdder crops ought
to be much more extensively cultivated here
than they are at present: but here again lime is
indispensable. (More of this in a future article.)
My last and final conclusions are:
1. Let every man, whose lands, as specified
above, present the required qualifications, make
a fair trial of lime as a manure.
2. Let every man interested in the question
strive to obtain good lime at the lowest possible
rate.
3. Let every man, in order to obtain this last
result, ask for reduced fares on the Railroad, and
cheap lime from the burner.
When cheap lime will be had, rich crops,
bright dollars, and still brighter days will be the
planters lot. and I shall have some satisfaction in
thinking that I may have had some influence ot
these happy results.
Rome, Jan. 2d, 1855.
*As a p-oof of the little attention paid to scien
tific agriculture in thiscountry, I have, although
surrounded by books on American culture, not
been able to find au analysis o “Tire cotton plant
in any of the n. If the season di i not render it
impossible I would undertake making one myaell
and intend, if circumstances allow, to do so next
year.
Read Tiers—-We.are informed by a gentle
man of this city, (says tfm Federal Union,) that
Mr. Woodson Wilcox of Telfair cbHnty, Georgia,
made, the past season, 8 barrels of Sugar, ami 200
gallons of Syrup.
This is only one evidence of the great value ol
the pine lands in Southern and South Western
Georgia. Think of this Planters, who are look
ing to the West lor New Homes and richer
lands! There is not a finer county in the States
than Southern Georgia. Itcan be madea paradise
A dispatch from Who ling, dated the B’h inst .
says that the Ohio river is now in good navigable
order, and boats are running freo'y- At Pittsburg
the river is also in a good navigable condition.
Business improving.
GENERAL NEWS.
| From the Hamburg Pion er 1
The Savannah Valley Kailroad.—Good Tid
ings.
The action of the Legislature, at the recent
session subscribing one million of dollars to the
Blue Ridge Railroad, ami guaranteeing the Bands
of the company to the extent of one million more
Ims settled three important proposit'ons, ami es
tablished three immutable facts: —First, that the
Blue Ridge enterprise will be rapidly pressed for
ward to a sucessfid termiration; Second, that
the successful operation of that Road will aw-et
hance the commercial and agricultural interests
<>f Western Carolina, as to require the construc
tion of a Railroad from some point at or near
Hamburg, to Anderson Courthouse ; and *>ird.
the necessity and certain success of the Savannah
Valley project.
The two million appropriation places beyond
al] human contingency the final completion of the
Blue Ridge road. This fact being settled, the
necessity of the Savannah Valiev Road i? no
longer an open question, but a self-evide"rt pro
position. The Greenville and Columbia Road,
while itcan accomplish a great deal, can never
do the business of the link between the upper
turmini of the South Carolina Railroad ami the
terminus of the Blue Ridge Road at Anderson.
Another road must be constructed, the commer
cial and agiicultur.il interests from Charleston to
Knoxville will require it, and the pecunia y in
terest of the capitalists and Railroad companies
will build it In addition to this, there is oneoth
er stronger reason why the Valley road should
be built. In this age of progress there is no stand
still point; there are two movements, aud two
only; one is progressive and the other retrograde
and a people that does not tread the high way ol
the former, must sink in the quagmires and mo
rarses of the latter. If theieiore the Sr- ajp-i b
Valley fails in the great enterprise proj c’yfliicsß'
here to Anderson, other sesetions will reap the
entire harvest; and just in proportion to the on
ward and upward tendency of wealth ai4b*<' '-
ligence experienced along the thornughfaiss of
progress, will be the depreciation and decline of
the negiected interests along the Vally.
There are two reasons then, which sis « i im
press the minds of the Valley people with a sense
of duty, and a proper appreciation of their inter
est: First, that the construction of a TL’ilfoad
through their section is absolutely necesiayy in
order to carry out and perfect the great sy r >m of
Southern commerce ; and second, that sejfi-pv
servation and the advancement of their social
moril, commercial and agricultural condition im
periously demand it- at their hands.
Tips brings us fotbethiid and last proposition: I
and heie we would congratulate our friend - yr- I
ticularly those interested in the work, on the flat- I
tering prospects of success. The State has given '
us ail we a«ked for—s3so,o'o—and although the ;
s'oeks transferred, are not such as were desired,
or even available at the present time, it is con
fidently hope 1 and believe), that in time to meet
mv requirements. par value may he realized on
them. This added to the capital stock already
subscribed, and to be subscribed by.pur neighbors !
has, we think, given sufficient confidence '■« The
S'ockholders to induce them to commence t' ?
work forthwith. We have s p en and conversed
with several of the largest and most inflow ia'
stockholders, and ali are decidedly in saver of im
mediate action, and an early commencement of
the grading.
The meeting of the stockolders on tl -»klJtli
instant, will settle the matter, and then t'.eq
tion will be finally determined, whether we are
to be. or are not to be. We know that the sen
timent of the company is in favor of going to
work, and it is therefore important that every
stockholder, and every friend nT the Road should
lie up and doing-talking, working and exerting
tbeir influence to interest others and to obtain
subscriptions; and finally that all sho’dd come
here on the 24th with a full understanding o(
the magnitude of H.eir undertaking, and a de
termination to make a long pull, a strong pul!
and pull altogether lor the aceccmpiishment of
the end proposed.
Proceedings of the Stockholders of the Sa
vannah Valley Ruf road.
Met at 11. a. m. at the Bmk o ( Humbt”C- I
On motion loh r R.owrilei'. E c q w?
to tbec'.alr. M, H h’- -.ek _
- '-.i: r,i ■ minmesoftneSlstApii
read.
H. Hntchi-on. President, submitted a verbal
repoit of the affairs of the company.
Joseph Abney, Esq. submitted a series of r<' -
bdions which at bis request were lardon the
table un'ii to-morrow.
On motion of John Speer, E’q. a committee
of five was appninte I ! ■ confer with the City
Com i'll of Augusta. Messrs. R wlgerr, Brownlee,
Hut"',! on and Sibley, committee.
A commitlee of three w is appointed to verify
■-oxies. M-ssrs. N. Meriwether, Gyles and
B'?<•': wood, committee.
On motion of John Speer, E’q., an election for
Pr'.-idi’t't and Directors were ordered at 9 a. tn.
to morrow.
Ou motion of Joseph Abney, E.-q., adjourned
to 9 a. m. to morrow.
H. A. KENRICK, Secretary
Hamburg, Dec. 21st, 1854.
Met at the Bank of Hurnburg, at 10 a. tn. Hr.
Brownlee in the ehair.
Mr. Speer, chairman of committee appointed
fer wit ; flu: CBy Co;it..-ll of Augusta. ;e
--: ir‘i'l that the City Council of August,i had' ?,i
--.'■iin‘e.l a committee who would be in attendance
this morning.
, r.l '. ion proxies reported 336 votes re
./ >1 by proxy.
L 'vn granted Mr Specrtowithdrawre
or.'uring election this day.
11. Hutchison, President, stated that he was
unable to give the time and attention to the
business of the Company, which would benect;-
sary when operations were commenced, but wjs
willing to attend to the duties of President, I'fte
of compensation until his successor should ‘>e
elected.
His Hon. A. P. Robertson, and Messrs. Phiniry
and C. A. Platt, corrmitte in behalf of the city
of Augusta, were introduced, and invited to seals
in the convention. The chairman stated tl e
meeting was ready to receive any proposition
from the city of Augusta.
Mayor Robertson stated that he was not au
thorized to make any proposition on the part of
the city, but if the convention had any proposals
to make, he would convene the citizens of Au
gusta at any day the convention desired, and lay
the matter before them.
Josiah Sibley. E q., submitted the following,
which was unanimously adopted:
The Stockholders of the Savannah River Va
lev Railroad, in view of the important interes s
which are involved in the construction of their
Road, are anxious to procure the co-operation i f
the city of Augusta, without whose aid, thisgrei t
wor k must be indefinitely postponed, if not aban
doned. They therefore ask a subscription of the
city of Augusta of Five hundred thousand dollars
and willing to enter into engagements not dis
criminating against Augusta in freights. Thei r |
charter does not permit them to cross the River. ;
and moreover such an extension of their Royl
in*o Augusta, would involve a heavy expense in
procuring a site on the Bank of the River; the;
propose, at their own expense, to build and keep
in repair a substantial Bridge from their Depo' ;
in Hamburg, over the Savannah River, and t<
locate said Bridge at any point between the Au
giisfa Bridge and Campbell street (opposite t<
what is known as the Water Proof Warehcusr
in Hamburg,) that may be designated by the
otv of Augusta—tlie Bridge to be free. We also,
will allow Augu-fa to be represented in our di
rection and respectfully ask bis Honor the Mav or
of the city of Augusta, to call a meeting of the
citizens to take the matter into consideration on
Tuesday the 234, of January next. The Stock
holders will meet again in Hamburg, on Wed
nesday, the 24th of January next. We also re
quite the city of Augusta, to give us a landing
lor our Bridge free ol charge.
O > motion of Joseph Abney, Esq., the follow
ing Resolutions were adopted.
Resolved Ist. That we redouble our exertions
to build the Savannah River Valley Railroad.
Resolved 2d. That we appoint agents to take
advanta ;e of all public meetings along the route
of our Road to increase the stock of the same,
and that it be made the duty of each Officer,
Director, and Stockholder of the said Road, to
increase its stock, by any legitimate means, and
that he employ all his efforts to further the great
design we have in view.
Resolved 3d. That if the Rabun Gap Road be
built, an enterprize almost surely to be accom
plished, the Savannah River Valley Road, must
of necessity, be of the utmost advantage to the
public generally, as Weil as tothe Stock holders of
•he Road.
Resolved 4th. That a’Committee of Five be
appointed to procure subscriptions from Augusta,
Savannah and Charleston in aid of our Road.
Risolved -sth. That no Road now in contem
plation in the State, can more subserve the in
terests of the community generally,—the interests
of the Farmers,—the interests ot the people of
Hamburg, Augusta. Savannah and Charleston,
and the State of South Carolina, than the one
we are now endeavoring to project.
Resolved6th. That the Savannah River Val
ley Railroad ought to be built.
Resolved Th. That, there be allowed to the
friends of she Road, a period until the 24th of
January next within which to procure additional
I stock.
The Committee appointed under 4th Resolu
tion were Messrs. A. J. Hammond, J. W. Har
rison, D. M. Rogers, Dr. N. Meriwether and H.
A. Kenrick.
On motion of Joseph Abney, Esq., the follow
ing resolutions were adopted.
Resolved Ist That the thanks of the meeting
be tendered to bis Honor the Mayor of Augusta,
A. P. Robertson. Messis. Phinizy and Platt, com
| mittee of the city Council, fortbeir courtesy, and
: promyftness in responding to the call of thismeet
-1 ing.
J Resolved 2d. That we are much obliged to Mr.
John Brownlee, who has presided over our meet-
I ing with so much impartiality, and to Mr. H. A.
Kenrick, our secretary, fortheir diligent atten-
] ion to the interests of the company.
On motion of Charles Hammond, Esq., it was
Toted. That the ruoceedings be published in -the
Valley Pioneer, Edgefield Advertiser, Augusta,
Abbeville, and Anderson papers,and that all pa
pers friendly to the enterprise, be requested to
copy.
Adjourned to meet January 24th 1855.
H. A. KENRICK, Secretary.
Hamburg, December 22d, 1854.
[From Ihe Milledgeville Federal Union 1
Court Calendar for 1355.
SUPERIOR COURTS. ff
JANUAKY. Ith Monday, Richmond
•2d Monday, Chatham Muscogee
4th Mondav, Richmond AL’GU3T.
FEBRUARY. 2d Monday, Clark
! Ist Monday, Cluik 3d Monday, Campbell
j3d Monday, Campbell Walton
Walton Ith Monday. Marion
4th Monday, Sumter t Monrce
Meriwether Taliaferro
Monroe Baldwin
Taliaferro Jackson
Alarion .Meriwether
Baldwin Sum ter
Jackson SEPTEMBER.
MARCH. Ist Monday, Coweta
Ist Monday, Coweta ’ Paulding
Chattooga Madison
Paulding . Chattooga
Madison Morgan
Morgan 2d Monday. Cass
2d Monday, Cass | Polk
Polk ; Crawford
Crawford j Butts
Butts ; Elbert
Elbert I Greene
Greene j Gwinnett
Gwinnett | Harris
Harris i3d Monday. Cobb
3d Monday, Cobb ; Twiggs
Twiggs Payette
Fayette Hall
Hall Putnam
Putnam Talbot
Talbot Columbia
Columbia Hart
Hart 4th Monday, Gordon
3d Thursday, Bulloch Macon
Monday after, Effingham
4th Monday, Gordon ■Washington
Macon Wilkes
Newton Clay
Clay last Thursday. Rabun
Washington OCTOB ER
Wilkes Ist Monday, Cherokee
APRIL. Pulton
Ist Meiuday, Ck rokee Murray
Fulton Randolph
Murray Warren
p-'.udolpb " WUkinson
Pike Taj lor
Taj lor Tuesday after, Pike
Camden 2d Monday. Forsyth
Warren Whitlield
Wilkinson Dooly
Thursd’y after Rabun Habersham
Friday a ter, Wayne Hancock
2J Monday, For yth Montgomery
Whitfield Laurens
L'ooly rhur«d'y after Tattnall
Glvnn 31 Monday, Lumpkin
Habersham Worth
Hancock Early
Jtlontgomerj Franklin
Laun ns Henry
Thursd’y after McJ ntosh Stewart
and Tattnall Jones
31 Monday. Lumpkin Oglethorpe
Worth Pulaski
Franklin Emanuel
Stewart 4th Monday, Union
Early Catoosa
Henry Decatur
Jones DeKalb
Liberty Houston
Oglethorpe Jasper
Pulaski Lincoln
Emanuel Scriven
Thursd’y after Bryan Telfair
4th Monday, Union Thursd’y after Irwin
Catoosa Mond’y after, Effingham
Decatur .
DeKalb NOVEMBER.
Houston Ist Monday, Kinch f >one
Jasper Fannin
Lincoln Heard
Feri ven Walker
Telfair Up>on
Thur.-d’y as er L win l .t Tuesday, Bu'loch
MAY. 2d Monday, Bibb
Ist Monday, Kiochafoone Gilmer
Fannin Chat’hoochee
Heard Baker
Walker Jefferson
Up : on J?ade
2d Monday, Chatham 3d Monday Burke
Bibb Pickens
Gilmer Camden
Chat’hoochee Troup
Baker Spaulding
Dade Calhoun
3d Monday, Burke Friday after, Wayne
Pickens 4th Monday, Glynn
Troup Floyd
Spalding Dougherty
Calhoun Thomas
4th Monday, Thomas Thursd’y after Mclntosh
Floyd Monday after, Lowndes
Dougherty and Liberty
Mond’y after, Lowndes Thursd’y after Bryan
Monday after Lowndes Monday after Lowndes
Clinch Clinch
Thursday after Clinch Thursday after Clinch
Ware Ware
Monday after Ware, Ap- Monday after Ware Ap
ping pling
Wednesd’y after Charlton Thursday after, Charlton
Friday after. Coffeo Friday after. Coffee
JUNE. " DECEMBEK.
l-t Monday, Jefferson 2d Monday, Leo
24 Monday, Carroll Carroll
Loe tth Monday, Muscogee.
A Drop of Oil—Every man who lives in
a house especially if the house be his own,
should oil all the various parts of it once in two
or three months. The house will last much
longer, and will be much more quiet to live in.
| Oil the locks, bolts, and hinges, of the street
I door, and it will shut gently, with luxuaious
i ease, and with the use of a small amount of force.
A neglected lock requires great violence to cause
it to shut, and with so much violence that the
whole house, its doors, its windows, its very
floors and joists, are much shaken, and in time
they get out of repair in all sorts of ways, to
say nothing of the dust that is displaced every
time the place is so shaken. The incessant bang
ing of doors, scrooping of locks, creaking and
screaming ol hinges, is a great discomfort. Even
the bell-wire cranks should sometimes be oiled,
and they will act more certainly and with such
gentle force that there will be little danger oi
breaking any part of them. The castors of tables
and chairs should sometimes be oiled, and they
will move with such gentle impulse and so
quietly that a sleeping child or old man is not
awakened. A well oiled door lock opens and
shuts with hardly a whisper. Three pennys
wortb of oil used in a house once a year will
save many shillings in locks and other material,
and, in the end, will save many pounds in even
the substantial repairs of a house; aud an old
wile, living and sleeping in quiet repose, will
ei joy many more years of even temper and ac.
tive usefulness. Housekeepers, pray do not for
get the oil. A stitch in time saves nine, and a
drop in time saves pounds.— The Buiider.
[ From the New Orleans Picayune, Ith inst ]
Later from Texas.
The steamship Perseverance, Captain Place,
arrived at the levee shortly after noon yesterday,
w:th papers from Galveston to the 4th inst, and
fiom San Antonio to the 28th ult.
The Galveston News, of the 4th inst, states
that a spell of most beautiful, fair and sunny
weather terminated on the previous night with
heavy rains and change in the temperature, re
quiring over coats, and rendering fires agr< able.
From the same paper we take the subjoined
item:
The Non-Corr.misrioned Staff and Band of the
2d Regiment of United States Dragoons, under
the charge of Ist Lieut. A. Plea onton. Adjutant
of the regiment, passed through our city to-d-y.
en route to Fort Leavenworth, iWo. They are
the band selected by Gen. Harney last year in
New York, expressly for Dragoon service.
Lieut. C. W. Field, Regimental Quartermas
ter accompanies the command.
A writer in she State Gazette claims for Dr.
Baker, of Austin, the discovery of the gum
which exudes from the mesquite tree, (so close
ly resembling gum-arabic,) in 1853. The Hous
ton Telegraph ays Dr. Francis Moore, of Hous
ton, announced in the Telegraph, in 1839, and
subsequently in a published book, the existence
and properties of this gum, but he did not sup
pose it could be obtained in sufficient quantities
to come in competition with gum-arabic.
The Palestine Advocate reports that at a pub
lic meeting in Palestine, called to decide wheth
er Gov. Pease dr Mr. Raymond was right in re
gard to the Pacific Railroad deposit, after some
discussion a committee was appointed to draft
resolutions. The majority reported that Mr.
Rayrnond was right and the Governor wrong.—
A minority reported the reverse, and the minor
ity report was adopted, only seven preson’ dis
senting. About two hundred voters were pres
ent.
The Galveston News, ot the 2d inst., says:
We are glad to announce that both the Bra
zos and Trinity rivers are now in a fine naviga
ble condition, according to our latest informa
tion.
The same paper gives the following report of
an accident which caused the death of two ne
groes by drowning, and from which Capt. Fow
ler and another had a very narrow escape.
The steamer Beil had been lying at the mouth
of the Brazos for several days, waiting for an
opportunity to come out. On Sunday, Capt.
Fowiertook a yawl with these two negroes
to and went on the bar to sound the chan
nel. Ihe sea ran very heavy, much more so
than anticipated, so that it was with great
difficulty the beat could be managed. The
schooner Columbia was going in over the bar at
the time, and took Capt. Fowler’s boat in tow,
a line having been thrown out for that purpose.
I he heavy sea caused the schooner to pitch vio
lently, alternately slackening the boat’s line and
then suddenly jerking it with great force by
which means the boat was capsized an 1 the two
negroes, in attempting to save themselves w ith
their oars, were drowned. Capt. Fowler saved
himself with difficulty, by seizing hold of the
boat’s rudder, while a man who was also in the
boat, was saved by holding upon Cap - . Fowler’s
coat; so that Capt. F. had to support the weight
of them both while she schooner was towing
them through the rough breakers for about a
mile and. 3 half. This effort required the exer
tion ol al! Capt. Fowler’s strength, and had lie
been a less powerful man, is believed that both
would have been lost.
The Civilian and Gazette, of the 2d inst., in
the course of an article reviewing the rise, pro
gress, and prospects of Galveston, has the foliow
ing items:
From the most reliable date at our control, we
estimate the population of Galveston on the
first of January, 1855, at from 7,000 to 8,000.
Twenty-five hundred emigrants from Europe,
and as many more from the old States of the
Union, have arrived here since October; but a
majority of these have proceeded to tie interi
or.
Our levee has now ia good repair seven
wharves,all admitting dray.;, carriages, &c., to
receive fraight and pa-.sengeV from the ship’s
tackles. On and adjoingihg these wharves,
there are warehouses of capacity to store 25,000
bales of cotton, or 124,000 barrels of measure
ment goods besides a large amount of room em
braced in ware-rooms disconnetced with the
wharves, affording perhaps, space in the aggre
gate for 175,000 barrels. In addition to these
facilities, we have three superior steam cotton
presses, the Merchants, Marine and Shipper’s,
capable of compressing 1,500 bales per day, and
having storage room enclosed and covered in for
20 000 bales.
During the last commercial year these press
es compressed the Fllowing number of bales
each.
Merchant’s Press 22,000 bales.
Marine do, ..32,000 “
Shipper’s do, 26,000 “
Total 80,00 “
The Neuces Valley contradicts a statement
made some weeks ago by one of our coorespon
dents to the effect that thirty recruits for the U.
S. Army had deserted at Arkansas, and fiom four
to eight drowned on board a lighter.
A correspondent of ;he Nueces Valley states
that trade is dull in Brownsville, and must con
tinue so until a change takes place in the affairs
of Mexico.
The Galveston News, of the Blh inst., pub
lishes the following communication, dated Las
Morns, Texas, December 9, 1851:
The troops ordered by Gen. Smith to Fort Da
vis, on the Limpia, have commenced to coiled
at this fort. Their ultimate destination as yet
has not been made public.
The following is'the command ordered: Maj.
John S. Simonson, Rifles, commanding; Capt.
M. L. Elliot, and 2d Lieut. Alex. Mcßae, Com
pany A, Rifles—l7 men.
. Bvt. Capt. Geo McLane, Company C, Rifles
—3O men ;2d Lieut. Geo. W. Howland, Com
pany C, Rifles; 2d Lieut. H. C. Ransom, Com
pany G, Rifles—s 3 men; Capt. Maclay’s Com
pany F, Bth Infantry, and three companies of
lexas mounted volunteers, also two mountain
howitzeis.
Assistant Surgeon A.'K. Smith. Medical De
partment, accompanies the expedition.
As yet companies A and G Rifles are the on
ly companies that have arrived here.
The command will probably leave about the
20th of December.
As soon as the destination of this command is
made public, and any news from it I will com
municate to you as early as possible.
The News states that there is a rumor that
the above command will go to the Muscalero
and Apache villages from Fort Davis, but that
there is no positive authority for this report.
The Columbia Democrat, ot the 2d, says:
The prices of provisions are getting to be al
most enormous. A price current of our town
would astonish a person knowing our advanta
ges and not knowing all our circumstances. Ba
con, and rusty at that, is worth 16 cents, ham 23
cents, cheese 25 cents, butter, Texas, 37 do.,
Goshen, unknown, apples 25 cents a smell, do.
rotten, a dime apiece, and some other things in
proportion.
From El Faso.—Mail Train Attacked by In
dians.
The San Antonio Ledger, of the 28th ult, pub
lishes the following account of an attack made
upon a mail train on the 15th of November. It
is written by Mr. C. A. Rand, and dated El
Paso, Dec. 10:
You are aware that Capt. Skillman and my
self, with Mr. Gordon and two Mexicans, left
San Antonio on the 2d of November, Mr Gid
dings and party, who were in charge of the mail,
having started on the day previous. We over
took them on the 4th, at 8 o’clock in the even
ing. The next morning we breakfasted at the
“Muerte,” or Dead Man’s Hole, Dr. Giddings’
company having avoided that place as being a
dangerous stronghold lor the Iwuians. After
breakfast we passed on, and at about nine o’clock
met Skillmon’s mail party going down, with
Capt. Dalev in command, and Mr. Lockwood
and company traveling with them. We stop
ped with them about half an hour, and separated,
having exchanged Mr. Gordon for Mr. Cooper.
(Skillman’s driver between here and Santa Fe)
and being teitiforc id by the Hon. Rufus Doane,
(whoalso had come down with Daley to meet
Skillman )
About an hour after separation, we stopped to
feed our animals and to shoe a mule which had
been lame, and had hardly unharnessed and turn
ed the mules loose, when we discovered animals
approaching us. Knowing that Dr. Giddings
could not be far in tbs rear, we of course thought
it was his party approaching, but on examining
them with spy-gla ses, we found them to be In
dians. Still we felt no appreh msion of their
being hostile, because being between us and the
other mail paity, we naturally supposed that
after a friendly interview with them, they had
come on to greet us in a similar manner. They
accordingly approached within abmff sixty yards,
waving a white flag and shouting ‘‘Amigos!
amigos!” but all at once astonished us by firing
their guns upon us. They were then six in num
ber; and after firing, they packed northward
around a hili, the summit of which Was some
two hundred yards from our camp; we then
found I.U't there were ether Indians on l',e lop
of the hili, an J ali Hfmds poured in their rhot
upon us in the most impolite manner. While
we were gathering and fastening our mules, Dr.
Giddingds party came up an<l did likewise, re
porting that she savages had also filed on them
in passing, killing a mu'.cai.d wou .dmg another.
Their arrival increased our number to fifteen
men. Everybody having solicited Capt. Skill
man to take command of both trains during the
engagement, he did so, and made his arrange
ments with his usual valor and discretion, two
qualities which he is universally acknowledged
to possess in the most eminent degree, and which
are rarely found so happily combined. Finding
that v.e were rather too near the Indians, they
having every advantage of position, we harness
ed up, and withdrew to the sonthwaid of the
road, to secure an open clear space. As soon as
the Indians discovered our intention, they set fire
to the grass on our north, east and west; but
knowing that cur only hope was in getting out
of reach of their shots from the hill, we pushed
on about 600 yards, and then set fire to the grass
before us, to make a clear place to drive upon.
By this time the Indians were over forty in
number, most of them mounted on good horses,
and more than half of them armed w ith rifles and
Mississippi yagers. We again unharnessed, and
placed the mules as much as possible between
the carriages, the savages shooting at us all the
time, but keeping at the respectful distance of
five or six hundred yards, having been convinced
bv Skillman’s long shots, that “distance fends en
chantment.”
Skillman had before killed or wounded at least
one of the assailants, and in our second encamp
ment he fired some ten or twelve shots with bis
“Sharp’s Rifle,” only three of which shots took:
effect. Thes ■ tbre wounded two Indians and a
horse. We cannot be certain whether any of
the Indians were killed, but suppose that one or
more of them must have, as the crowd concent ra
ted together about sunset, and withdrew to a
greater distance, still, however, keeping on the
road we were to travel.' We expected to be kil
led “an} how,” but <!ecided to attempt to con
tinue our journey, aud stalled on, eveiy man on
foot, with gun m hand, feeling certain that we
should be again attacked during the night; in
which, however, we were very agreeably disap
pointed, as we saw nothing more ot the red men.
During the first atlack, Skillman’s best mule
was shot, while I was leading him towards the
carriage, and Dr. Giddings also had two mules
killed and two wounded. Severed of us were
struck by spent balls, but all were fortunate
enough to escape without serious injury. And
here let me say that our deliverance is to be at
tributed entirely to the “Sharps Rifle” in the
hands of Capt. Skillman. Every b< dy knows
that the. e Indians are very cautious about ex
posing the lives of any of their number; and after
discovering that Skillman’s shots could injure
them at six or seven hundred yards, they kept
themselves carefully out ol reach of our ordinary
gurs and too far off for their own shots to be
effective.
Important from £t. Thomas.
Detention of an .American Steamer by the Au
thorities.—By way ol Kingston and Havana we
have dates from St Thomas up to the 19th es
December. The ft ver was at that time prevail
ing to a considerable extent, bat it was of a mild
typ p -
The British West India mail steamer Parana,
with one hundred and fifty passengers, reached
S'. Thomas on the morning of the 18 hos De
cember, li. rn Southampton, the greater number
; hose on board lor the diftbrent islands, the
Spin ish Main, Aspinwall in I Vera Cruz. On
the evening previous to her arrival.owing tothe
stupidity of the agent, the branch steamers had
al! been sent off. To remedy this gross blunder,
the Parana was despatched to Kingston, Jamai
ca, with such passengers as were destined for
that place, Havana, and the Mexican gulf ports,
whde the American revenue'kteamer Ben Frank
lin was chartered to take off such of the passen
gers as were bound for Martinique, Barbadoes,
and other islands in that direction.
Most of our readers are doubtless well acquaint
ed with the lact that the Franklin has been de
tained for mouths at St. Thomas, or from the
"I:: u wh- n she P •' in at that poit, wi'b iiui sgnd
■ i:i: Men lor il;e I':; z ex; edition to Venezue
la Her c.i urn inder, Capt. Bryutn, st.ited that
ail ids i'.q eis '. < re r<. 'Jar at the time the pas
-iii the in. with their baggage,
■vere ti-. - 1 i.'.-'l on b.ar ! his ve'sel in the bar- •
boro' fhomns—'.hut be had received b.'ll
his regis'er and clearance from th- custom house.
This v.’ason theeveningof the 19th ol Decem
ber, and just after dark set in the anchor of the
Franklin was hoisted, and she steamed out of
the harbor crowded with passengers, among
whom was the new British Governor of St. Vin
cent, Mr. Eyre. As she was passing the outer
four guns, two of which were doubtless shot
ted from the peculiar sound of the reports, were
heaid, and as the Parana passed out, half an hour
afterwards, the Franklin was seen lying under
the cannon of the fort. A small boat at the
same time approached from the detained steamer,
with word that she had been stopped by the au
thorities, and was not allowed to proceed. The
captain of the Parana, with a shrug of the shoul
ders, said that he could not help it, and kept on
his way.
If Capt. Byrum had obtained bis papers in due
form from the custom-house, it was a gross as
well as a wanton outrage thus to bring his ves
sel to under the guns ot the fort. It may be that
the custom-house authorities had not sent dpwn
word to the commander that the Frankliff had
received permission to sail, and that he was ac
ting under an old order to detain her in case she
attempted to pass out of the harbor. The next
arrival from St. Thomas wiil probably explain
a matter which is at present involved in mystery.
It is to be feared thas the Southern Commer
cial Convention, which met in New Orleans on
Monday, will turn out rather a slim affair. The
body was permanently organized on Tuesday by
the selection of Gen. Mirabeau B. Lamar as
President, assisted by two Vice Presidents from
each of the ten States represented. There was
only one hundred and twenty delegates present,
all but thirty-seven ot whom were from Louisana.
Up to yesterday no business of importance had
been transacted. But as we have hitherto had
occasion to remark, these annual meetings can do
no harm, even though they may not transact any
really important business. Even though they
do not immediately perceptible good, they tend
to keep alive the spirit ot union and fraternity
among the Southern States, which is a great de
sideratum in these days of sectional and political
discord in other parts of the country.—Charles
ton Standard.
An eagle, measuring seven feet and three
indies from tip to tip, three feet from beak to
tail, and weighing nine pounds and two-thirds,
was lately killed near Marietta, Ohio. When
shot he was in the act of pouncing upon a pig.