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kuttstitutiiiniilisf ?< ILxrpuhlir B BY JAMILS GARDNER. ——-—„ z___i _=— - --r •■—«a L e P r 1 *3 # 1 U-E J3a V<t*- l 4t la OFFICE ON MCINTOSH STREET. THIRD DOOR FROM TUB NORTII-WB3T CORNS* OF BRO AD-STR K ST. TERMS. Drily in advance. per annum $6 00 If notin advance per annum 7 00 Tri-Weekly in advance.per annum 400 If not in advance per annum SOO Week’y, in advance... .per annum ‘2 00 •• paid within the year 250 at the end of tne year, 3 00 XT* No Discount for Clubs. (r?* No name entered upon our Books, unless theor der is accompanied by the cash. WEDNILSDAY, NOV?TI A Know Nothing View of the Milledge ville Democratic Resolutions. When a man utters patriotic sentiments, and gives a solemn pledge to patriotic action, he is entitled to credit for sincerity until he proves recreant. The presumption should be in favor of his patriotism and honesty. If this be true of a private citizen, certainly not less may be claimed for a mass meeting of a great political party, uttering sentiments which even its oppo nents concede to be patriotic, and solemnly as suming ground which no citizen of the same Sta’e can oppose without an imputation on his own patriotism. For an opponent of such a party thus uttering its sentiments and declaring its purposes to impugn its motives or seek to discredit its sincerity, is no 1 : only not magnani mous, but unjust; and we might add, unpatri otic. In this light we are constrained to view the carping spirit of the editorial of the Savannah Republican, which will be found in another col umn, upon the Milledgeville Democratic Reso lutions. Those Resolutions were carefully pre pared, and d<-lr erately put forth by many of the i leading minds of the State of Georgia. A : material portion of them is the language of the : Democratic Convention of last June, and the I additions since then are but natural sequen ces to the propositions then laid down. The people ol Georgia indorsed the action of that Convention. This shows that they were in earnest and meant to sustain what the Conven tion declared. We are not disposed to doub their willingness to sustain the action of the recent meeting—still less are we disposed to doubt the patriotic purposes of the actors therein. In one sense, it is always politic to be patri otic, and therefore it fnay he true, as said by the Savannah Republican, that “ policy lent its in- ' fluence” in framing and adopting those resolu tions as well as love of country. We are not ambitious of the honors of a proph et. Therefore, we offer no predictions as to the j Cincinnati Convention. We will, however, ex press the opinion that that Convention will ■ make the concessions demanded by the Mil- j ledgeville Resolutions. It it does, then we will defy the Know Nothings to do anything better for the South. The Democratic demand will be backed by a popular majority in every South ern State, excepting one or two, and will be po tential with the North. The recent Democratic victories in Mississippi and Louisiana will add force to the voice of Georgia on this whole sub ject of slavery, and will go far to secure acqui escence frcm the Cincinnati Convention. The demand is just in itself, and in conformity to constitutional and democratic ground. But if this is not acceded to, the people of the North may rest assured the Democratic party of Georgia will make no compromise. It will submit no “ equivalent to their ultimatum,” nor accept one. If,in refusing to do so, it is to be charged with I “ unfurling the banner of rebellion,” and the t people of Georgia are to be stirred up to repudi- i ate their course, the Savannah Republican, is welcome to al* the capital it can make for Know ' Nothingism by such aa appeal to the *'dispas- 1 sinuate men of the country.” The Republican is somewhat inconsistent. It 1 w_ .'.! approve a! the adoption of the principles proposed by the Cincinnati Convention. It I would even “rejoice,” and “offer no factious opposition But yet it throws its sneers and 1 insinuations against the firmness of purpose of the Democrats of Georgia, the effect of which i-, if it has any effect at all, to encourage North ern men to believe that they could put upon us, a- an equivalent to the ultimatum ' a set of high i. g and meaningless resolutions.” i’ut the Democracy of Georgia will trot ac c-pt anything of the kind,even under the threat o: the R/iuWlean's appeal to the dispassionate m i: of the country.” i From the Charleston Mercury [ Professional Magnanimity. Cr.l. John W. Forney, editor of the Pennsylva wuin, has been named by some of the papers of that State as a candidate for the U. S. Senate. Alluding to this, the nomination has been deri ded un account ol his occupation as a journalist. The Philadelphia North American, which is stronyly opposed to Col. Forney in politics, takes the occasion to vindicate the dignity ol thejonrnalist’s office in the following terms: Calking o f yjr. Forney, we desire to express our dissent from an opinion we have seen utter ed in connection with him. It is known that his name has been mentioned, among others, as a candidate for U. S. Senator from this State; and referring to this fact, one of our rural cotem poraries ir.V, !na tes in substance, if notin terms, that his connection with a public journal should disfrarichisehim fortbat position. Tbisisgross ly absurd. A man’s vocation has nothing to do Wtth his eligibility for office, and if he be oth erwise qualifod, that does net form a legitimate su ject of inquiry. But if it did, we should like to know »bat better training for public as say u»V one coufo have, than that winch rsde n e rorn mana| emen f 0 ( a well conducted newspaper. I‘a duties an intelligent editor has to perform, if U, er occupies a leading position tn the polities) „ ltl civil r ' e|atj , tb * community, are daily ie s „ >lls i„ practica | gtate ,_ either lets or hindrances. ln the partmular case of Mr. Forney, of course ,t i s not for us t whether he ought, or ought not, to be selected by hn party—that is their aflhir, and we do not propose to meddle in it; but we do say that in the ability to represent them ably, both by voice and peri, and in longj*ame«t and untiring devri tion to their service. Lis claims are alleast equal totho.eul any comps.tit j! ; and that his occu- pation as a journalist, so far from making against him, it considered at all in the matter, should make decidedly in his favor. We take great pleasure in translerring to our t columns this well deserved tribute to the merits of Col. Forney, and to the just claims of the ed itorial profession ot which he is so distinguished a member. Col. Forney is not only a vigorous and accomplished writer, of enlarged experi ence and extensive political information, but is endowed with noble traits of character and generous impulses which endear him to many friends ami must give him influence in any po sition. Few men in Pennsylvania have ren dered to his party and principles as efficient ser vice, and none are more worthy the honorable post to which his admirers seek to elevate him I be compliment conveyed in the remarks ol the North American, to the editorial corps, is in all respects, just and true. What would half the shining politicians, in high places have been without the friendly puffings ol their editorial friends, and the facts and arguments their la bors have furnished them us material for stump speeches'? and what would become of them, il left to make their way and sustain themselves, Without this friendly editorial aid? The editors are to many of them, like corks to the young swimmer. Without them they would at once go to the bottom. Yet, while the editoral fraternity often are from the force of their position, the Warwicks of their party, setting up others in preference to seeking office for themselves, they should never allow themselves to be depreciated into the mere instruments and stepping stones of other men’s ambition. They should claim what is due from the nature of their vocation and stu dies, at least an equal position, if not, the front rank of eligibility to political honors, as com pared with any other vocation in ,our country. These considerations have not been always disregarded in our country, and many of the most distinguished and honored statesmen in our country’s history, have owedtheir first rise in public favor to their editorial connection with ■ the public press. The Usury Laws. As Bills have been introduced into the Legis lature for the repeal or material modification ol the present Usury Laws, we copy a timely ar ticle on this subject from the Baltimore Patriot. j It suggests the remark, however, the only one | we offer at this time, that it is not for the want I of more Banks that society is suffering, but for | want of more competition with Banks. We | think the Baltimore Patriot wrong in piesent ing Banks as the sufferers under the Usuiy Laws. Under these laws they have the field to them selves, pretty much, while practically they are but little restrained by them. Repeal the laws, as to individuals, and a large amount of private capital would enter the field of competition : Ths Usury Laws.—The Board of Trade of New York are making an effort (o obtain a thor ough revision of the usury laws of that State. They seem to think that the traffic in money should be freed from its present restrictions, and left to follow the same laws that regulate the value of | other commodities. Wo think so too. Statutes concerning usury can never answer the end pro posed. as long as there ; re men who want money, and must have it at any price. What a borrower can afford to pay for it is best known to himselt: and no law is a just one which restrains him from making the easiist bargain bo can. The old po litical economists approached boldly, and discussed lucidly, all other matters connected with theirs .h --je but -.rhea they touched the usury laws, they either drivelled er refined In these days, there have been many bold innovations upon antique customs, and many successful onslaughts upon an tique prejudices ; but, strange to say. the usury laws, so long obnoxious to common sense, and to commercial interests, have not only boon suffered to remain in force upon our statute books, but, like the chivalries follies which Cervantes ridiculed. . they still have their Quixotic defenders, who re * joiee in their ignorance on this point as heartily ns Sancho Panza did on blessed sleep, • because it covers one all over like a blanket.’ A statute which is hourly evaded, and which obliges a nay extra compensation to the lender, lor the risk ha i’ supposed to rue, is injurious alike to good morals and to mercantile integrity. It restricts the operations of trade, and, by diverting capital from the channel in which it might be most beneficially employed, tends to its being applied to uses only remotely serviceable to the commercial community In England, the restrictive nature of the usury lawsjhas been recog nized, and their worst features so extensively mod ified as to present but few barriers to freedom of ■ traffic in money. By an act of Parliament, passed in 1837, all bills 1 of exchange, promissory notes, or other mercantile i instruments, having Jess than twelve months to | run before they reach maturity, arc excepted from tbc operation of the statute. After a trial of more I than a quarter of a century, the salutary effects of I this liberal measure are everywhere conceded, while the evils which were apprehended, have I proved themselves altogether illusory. What, I then, hinders ns from following an example which : releases the traffic in money from restrictions which i all acknowledge to be ouious, and very few are I willing to obey ? Brokers rind private capitalists ‘arc now principally bencGtted. while our banks i suffer, and our business men have to bear the bur ’ den of extraordinary charges f ,r the use of money, because of being compelled, at times, by the na ture of their busir <x-s, to obtain accommodations at a higher rate of interest than the law recognises. The usury laws benefit no one but the moneyed adventurer. Now, it is well known that the bank ing capital of Maryland is far too limited to meet adequately the wants of the community, and that, with property to the assessed value of nearly one hundred millions of dollars, the investment in bank stocks in the city of Baltimore, reaches, in the aggregate, little over seven millions, the amount in circulation being less than one-third of that sum; while Boston, with an assessed value in real and personal property of some two hundred mi.lions, has a banking capital of nearly thirty millions of dollars, and a circulation exceeding ten millions. If, then, the banking capital of Bos j ton is not in undue proportion to the assessed value of property in that city, the relative propor tion of Banking capital in Baltimore should le fifteen millions, which would be about double the amount she now has; while her circulation, by the same rule, should be five millions. Every one will admit that smh an ext-nsionof capital is de sirable ; that it is also .““Ibe, we have not tee least doubt] whatever, provided our statutes con corning usury were abolished, and the interest on money was suffered to regulate itself by the natu ral laws of supply and demand. We call upon our Board of Trade to examine thoroughly this ques tion of usury, and if they find the statute an inju rious one, as wo firmly believe they will, to take such stop- towards promoting its repeal as the in terests of our people demand. Fire in Macon. We learn that a fire broke out, either in, or a (joining, the Electric Telegraph office in Ma eon, yesterday morning, which destroyed that office, and all the apparatus, books and papers belonging thereto, and that the fire extended to the Floyd House, but what further damage was done to that hotel we did riot leern. Mr. John A. Brenner, chief Telegraph opera tor. in this city, left for Macon last night, with apparatus and materials to establish the office again. Austrian Polich in London.—The most notorious chief of the Austrian police, the Che valier von Yensenthal, is in London, with a pack ol fifteen or twenty officers under his orders. Some of these fellows have been seen lounging in the neighbor o! Kossuth’s residence. What i they are about is not known, but watched they | are, as well as watching. Chippings from Georgia Papers. Some of the Know Nothing papers think the second Thursday in December is too early a day for their State Convention. Maj. R. H. Sapp, representative from Whit field, has been too sick to go to Milledgeville but he is getting better. About SOOOO have been subscribed to estab lish a Female College at Thomasville. In the lower part of the State, in consequence of the late rains, they have sift roads to travel The Superior Court ot Thomas county con venes 26111 inst. The Baptists are having a protracted meeting in Thomasville. They want a Bank in Thomasville. The 4th quarterly meeting of the M. E Church, tor the Albany Circuit, commenced yesterday in Albany. Miss Paige has been delivering public lectures iu Atlanta, on “Female Advancement.” She is said to he very talented, eloquent and pretty. Mr. W. N. Mussey is making the final survey of the Railroad route between Albany- arid Americus. B. P. Burnett has seceded from the Know I Nothing Lodge at Lemon’s Court ground, in Cobb county. Rev. Mr. Steagall is announced to preach the uneral sermon of Hon. Wm. B. W. Dent, in Newnau, 18th inst. Spencer Cmieil, Esq., dr-clines being a laud; f late for Mayor of Savannah. The Charleston & Savannah Railroad Compa ny have arranged about their depot in Savannah We are indebted to the columns of the Atlan ta Examiner, of 16th inst., lor the following: Income of the Western &• Atlantic Rail road, October 1855. From Freights 856 205 94 “ Passeugeis 16.760 65 Mail 1,895 83 I Total $74 862 72 Income for October, 1854 43,071 54 831.791 18 E. B Walsh, Master Transp’n. Speculation in Kansas—Lecompton the capital of Kansas Territory, appears to be a I great field of speculation. At the first public sale of town lots there, on the 23d ult., the average I price paid for lots, was three hundred dollars I each,and a large number were sold. The Legis- j lature granted a charter for a railway from Leav- | enworth to Lecompton, and a company is sa:d j to have been formed to build it. Damages Against a Corporation.—At the recent term of the Circuit Court of Knox coun ty, W. A. Hoffer, obtainel a verdict against the Mayor and Aldermen ol Knoxville, Tennessee, for $3,000 damages received (a broken leg, which has rendered him a cripple for life,) by failing from the side-walk at a point where a deep cut had been made in improving Gay street. A Whole Family Swept Away—The j Pittsburg Post tells of a family, consisting of a husband, a wife, and three children, who left Pittsburg last spring lor lowa. On Monday the father returned, having in the brief time elapsed buried his wife and all his children, whe had died in the western home of typhoid fever. Spiritualism at Fault.—There was a very large meeting at the hall, in Cincinnati, Ohio, last Friday evening, to witness an attempt to ; move a table without touching it, by a spiritual j medium, named Wilson, for the sum of one j thousand dollars, offered, in case of success, by Professor Spencer, who is delivering lect'irrs against spiritualism. Ol course, it j?. failure, the medium b ing unable the, table in any way. Railroad Meeting in Sparta, The citizens of Hancock County, and others favorable to the connection between Milledge ville and Warrenton, by Railroad, aterequested I to meet in Sparta on Friday next. The shipping of the world is estimated at 145 500 vessels, and the aggregate tonnage 15,- 500,000. Hunt’s Magazine estimates that at SSO a ton the shipping of the world is worth the enormous amount of $775,000,000. Os this sis teen and a halt millions of tonnage, more than ten and a half millions belong to the Anglo- Saxon race—United States, 40 500 vessels, and ' 5,661.416 tonnage; Great 8ritain,35,960 vessels, ; and 5,043,270 tonnage. Tfie following are the localities where the I principal prizes were drawn, in the Jasper Coun- ! ty Academy Lottery, Class G : $12,000, Macon, ' Georgia; $5,000, Mar etta, Georgia; 83,000, Madison. Georgia; 82 00), Richmond, Virginia; $1,500, Baltimore, Maryland ; $1,200, Burnt Cera, Kentucky ; 81,100, Americus, Georgia. The French Government is taking vigorous ' measures to prevent railroad accidents. Among | other things every railroad company is ordered ; to give in a list of their employees, a statement I of their duties, and a detail of their salaries, in ! order that the Government may decide whether j the yay is sufficient to secure men ol the needful j responsibility. The Delegate from Kassas.—The Nash ville Union announces the arrival, in that city, with his family, of Gen. J. W. Whitfield, the Delegate elect from the Territory ot Kansas. He receives, says the Union, a warm greeting from his numerous friends in this, bis native State. If the General is a fair specimen of the “ border ruffians,” they are an excellent race, Mr. Smith O’Biien, the Irish political exile, has advertised a new book on political subjects, the title being, “The Principles of Government, or Meditations in Exile.” The New York Mirror predicts that within twenty-five years the United Stateswill not only supply the American people with the pure juice ol the grape, but will become the laigeet wine-exporting nation in the world. The Missouri Republican says neither Benton nor Atchison can be elected to the Senate at the present session of the Legislature. Fall Fashions in Utah.—The ladies of Utah have adopted a new costume, which seetr.s to be gradually increasing in favor. It consists ol a loose fitting dress, resembling in cut a man’s sack coat, being buttoned in Iront, and reaching a few inches below the knees, a pair of panta lets adorning th * ankles, and a leghorn hat set jauntily on the head, being, in fact, a modifica tion of the Bloomer costume. New York, Noy. 17—The United States Store ship Relief arrived here to-day from Ru- Janeiro, bringing liomeS. W. Spencer, late duet mate ol the ship Sea Witch, charged with th. murder ot Gapt. Frazier, ol the same vessel as mentioned auuie time since. (From the Federal Union, Nov. 20. 1 University of Georgia—Beport and Me morial of tbs Trustees. The Report and Me -'orial ot the Trustees of the University of Georgia to the Genera! As sembly of the State, which we find upon our table, is a well prepared and very interesting paper. It would give us pleasure to lay it be fore our readers in extenso, but its great length precludes its insertion. We shall, however, make some extracts from the Report and Me moiial, which will convey its purport and object. It appears that the donations to the State University have been forty thousand acres of land, donated by the Legislature, shortly after the acknowledgement of our Independence by GreatJßntain. This endowment of land has been reduced down by the legislature to 8100 000 upon which the Univeisity has been chiefly sus tained heretofore. Other appropriations have been made by the State to erect buildings, but it is contended that the State has been re-imburs ed out ol the forty thousand acres of land. The late Gov. Milledge made a donation to the Col lege, of six hundred and forty acres of land— the late John Marks, of Madison county, gave 81000 to the Library, and Dr. Terrell, of Han cock county recently gave $20,000 to endow a professorship ol Agriculture in the College; these constitute the aid received by the College from public and private sources. The report proceeds at length to show the use made of the means pu l at thedisposal of the Trustees. Tt e college buildings, including President’s and Pro f ssors houses, aie estimated to be wor’h 8100,- 000, an amount equal 11 the original capital. The fucii ty is thus al ud d to. 11 I'b.e Faculty at this lime consists of a Presi dent, six Professors, including the Professor of Agriculture, and two Tutors. The salaries of these officers have varied at different times, being regulated by their income. The President has never received less than 82 000; nor more than 82,500 per annum. The Professors never less than $1,400, nor more than $2 000, each, per annum, and the salaries of the . Tutors have varied from S7OO to 81,000 each, and we are at this time, giving the highest rate of salaries above named, the Tutors excepted, who are paid SBOO. Our resources for the payment of these sala- I lies, for the increase of the Library and various 1 other incidental expenses, consist entirely of the I interest on the endowment of 8100 000. guaran- I tied by the State to bear 8 percent and the in- j terest on about $20,000, proceeds of the -ale ot I lots, and vested in 6 and 7 per cent, stocks, to- I gather with tuition lees. The number of students is now one hundred j —a falling «fl within the last few years, which is accounted for by the establishment of sectarian Colleges in our midst, well endowed. The Trustees, without disparaging these institutions, ask for the establishment of a great institution in our State, wh re all religious sects and men of no professed religion, may meet on a common ground. The more important objects in view, are thus indicated by the Trustees. In this paper our limits will not suffer us to specify all the objects which we have in view, but allow us only to mention the more impor ’ant, viz: that of enlarging the Academical Faculty, and of a: pending to the Institution such schools as will convert it from a mere College into a University. There is confessedly needed at least one addi tional Professorship: that of Modern Languages and Literature There is also a public demand for the establishment of a school ot law; a school for the application of Science to the indu-trial arts; and a scli'> -l for Agriculture The Schoo! of Law should embrace the com mon law, the statute law. constitutional law, commercial law parliamentiary and internation al law. together with equity and Admiralty ju risprudence and proper references to trie civil j law. Connected wi’h this school, should be a course of instruction for merchants arid other business men, embracing the law of Agency,of Partner ship, of Bailments, ot Bills ot Enchange ami Promissory Notes, of Insurance, of Shipping mid other maritime concerns, together with the law <4 sales arid other contracts. There should be taught also in this school, ‘ Me< i 'al Jurisprudence and so much of Anatomy i <n l I’hys.ology as are necessary to a liberal . COUtae ui legal a’ u lies. No a ■.O i.m r.himld , b<*r-q .;i d and no ( .irticu! ir cours • of previoui 1 sinly tor admission to the law school. In lhe school for the applicati hi of Science to the Industrial Arts, instruction should be given I to you ig men, with a view to fit them Io the varicui pursuits of life; such as Engineering and the business of Artisans. Manuliicturers, Agricul’uris's and Miners. In the department ol Engineering, should be taught Suivey:ng in all its branches. Drawing—Topographical, Geotnefiical and Architectural, with shading and tinting, the ap plication ol Descriptive Geometry to Masonry and S’one-cutting as well as to Civil arid Me chanical Engineering. The principles of Architecture. The application of Mechanics to Machinery and Engineering. The science ot Constauction in all its branches, together with the mode ol preparing build ing materials. The location of Roads. Surveys for Excavations ami Embankments. I Bridge-building and Piling. The use of Astronomical In ’rumen’s : and i the ascertaining of time, as well as latitude and | longitude. The Agricultural School only requires the en largement of the Terrell Professorship of Agii culture. In this school should be es’ablished an analytical laboratory, in which the student could daily receive ins’ru tion in Analytical Chem istry and :ts application to the analysis ol soils and rnanuies The assaying of ores and minerals. The quantitative and qualatative analysis of miner al waters. The testing of Drugs ind Medicines. The art of Dyeing, and the preparation and preservation ot food. A desirable appendage to this department would be an experimental form, where the princ files ot agiiculture could be il lustrated by practice. No one should be admitted to these schools of applied science for a shorter period than one month. To accommodate the foregoing wants of the University, additional buildings will be requir ed. The Law School will require an independ ent building with a library, and rooms must be j provided for the schools of applied science. In I support of this scheme of enlargement, the I following considerations are lespectfuily pre, ; sented, &e. To carry out these objects, of course appropri ations ar2 asked, commensurate with their im portance and the necessities of the case to which we cannot now refer. Most of these objects are treated of at length—their necessity shown, and then usefulness explained. This part of the Report is carefully and ably prepared. That portion in which the necessity for the establish ment of a school ol law. is argued, is truly a specimen of fine writing—its force, perspicuous ness, polish and research indicating as its au thor, the present distinguished Professor of law in the University. But we must close this im perfect sketch of a most important Report and Memorial. It will be widely circulated, and serve to correct many erroneous impressions in reference to the College, and at the same time, prove a strong appeal to the liberality ot the State, in behalf 01 the objects specified therein. Unanimity of Sentiment in the Democrat ic Party —The D -mocraey of Kentucky pass ed a series of resolutions at Lexington, on the sth of October last. The Democracy of Illi nois met. at Chicago the other day, and also pass ed a series of resolutions. They aie identical ih sentiment and almost in terms. Let the Democracy of this S'ate read the response ot Illinois to their resolutions. It is the response ot the great Northwest,and expresses the politi cal views ol the Democracy tot the Union. Go East, West, North or South, and we have the same political doctrines in the great Democratic party of the country.— Louisville Democrat. From the East. The correspondent of the Boston Journal writing from Constantinople. Sept. 8, gives John Bull the following hard hit : According to the latest accounts, the English were piscatorially engaged in fishing up the Twelve Apostles, bobbing for the smaller fry < f the quandam Russian Navy, and seining the harbor for submerged cannon. Returning empty handed from the bombastic bombardment of Sweaborg, with no laurels rom the spirited at tack on evacuated Petiopaulcski, they feel bound to carry home some trophies to re-assure that querulous old gentleman, John Bull, that Br - tannia still rules the waves. The English ap pear to be peculiarly banpy in capturingdefence less places. One of their own officers—an un willing participant in the ridiculous farce— assured me ten hours after the Redan was known to have been evacuated, the absurd order was given to storm the place. Bugles sounded the assault; drums beat the charge; Generals gallant ly fed their divisions; aids de camp hurried to and fro; officers could with d fficulty restiain the reckless impetuosity of their troops. “ With a shout of defiance,” as an English paper hath it, they rushed upon the works and captured them in the most bloodless assault on record. Fortunately a bombshell had divided the wires of a battery which was to explode conceabd mints, else few had escaped to tell the tale. The Ruslans have shown much ingenuity in their defences, and some of their ope: atious have I puzzled John Bull. The same letter says : I The capture of this place has solved a hitherto | perplexing mystery to the Allied engineers, i Injure' cannon wen* found converted into mor tars, by being embedded in the ground upto the muzzle. Thus protected from bursting, they received a double charge, were fired off by trains, and uuried balls to an incredible distance. Am bulences. for removed from the theatre of action, had mysteriously suffered. General Bentick’s kitchen, equally distant, tumbled about the manciple’s ears. In short, while Gen. Markham was visiting hisstables to admire a charger be longing to his aid-de-camp, a ball struck the favorite, killing it before his eyes Where do these balls come from? was the daily cry. They I fell from the skies like cerolites, apparently me- Iteoric. Now another lesson in gunnery has I been taught by the dispised foe. I Nicaragua.— lts Extent, Population, fyc.— Ti e i following description of Nicaragua will, at the I present time, be interesting. I On the West it is wa-hed by the Pacific Ocean, and partly on trie East by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. the Mosquito Territory forming a large share cl its Eastern boundary. Honduras borders it on the North, and Costa Rica upon the South. Its area is about forty.nine thousand square miles; and the population is estimated at two hundred and forty-seven thousand. The females are said to greatly exceed the males in number. Not more than twenty thousand ol the people are whites, the test being negroes, Indians and mixed races. Most of the popula tion live in towns, many of them going several miles daily to labor in the fields. The planta tions rrre scattered pretty equa ly over the coun try, and ate reached by paths so obscure as to almost escape the notice of travellers, who are thus liable to tall into the error of supposing that the country is almost uninhabited. The dwel lings o( the people are usually of canes, and thatched with palm, although the better classes construct their residences of adobes, and by the help of fruit and shade trees planted in the couity ir.l, render many ot ’hern exceedingly pleasant. A range of mountains extends along the Wes' roast of the State, at a distance ot a few miles from lhe sea, but attaining no great elevation until they approach the confines of Costa Rica, when they reach lhe height, of five to eleven thousand feet. In t.be central part of the State is an immense level that in known ax the plums ol Nicaragua, comprising in its area the lake ol I that name. Numerous volcanoes exist along the Pacific coast. There are considerable ru n bers of rivers, but none ol them, except the San Juan, are rn vigabie in acornu ercial sense Veins of copper and silver ore ot exceeding richness | are found in many parts, but. they remain almost I all of them either unexplored or only sopeificnil- I ly worked. Gold, al»o. is said to exist. The i riirruite .■ L'.-uitLj, lei'ij,, . v.u,.,... , j ~;,., ; lor and mountainous p.ut> the tempemtuie is i more dry and cool than on the coast, when- it I is hot and approaching to humid The ('renter portion ol the State Contis!.* of plains and gi'tr.le I s'opes formed ol a rich black loam, ol which but a small poiti ui is made available. The produc tions aie indigo, sugar, coflee, cotton of supeiior quality, corn. lice, wheat, At besides oranges, j lemons, and fruits of various kinds. The great I bane of the conntiy has been ns civil wars, arid i it was one of those which enabler! Col. Walker I to achieve his almost bloodless conquest I From the ICashiniJon Union.. Department News, INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. A gentleman writing from Texas gives an account of a pepper which grows in great abun dance in South and West Texas, and which is called the bird or Chili pepper. When domesti cated. this pepper is said to improve in size and j in quality. It commences to ripen in Ju y. and ; continues to do so until the frost kills its foliage The pods contain on an average twenty-four j grains of seed apieee Specirni ..* of tf.e : <-e*', 1 and also of,the grow n plant, a-compaiiied the letter. Letter from XoF.ru Carolina—Mr. Murdock, of Asheville, North Carolina, writes io the effect that the Buncombe giant grata yield ed this season four pounds of dry bay to the square yard. At tnis rate it would produce twenty thousand pounds of Lay to the acre I It is said to be much relished by cattle. A neighbor told our correspondent that bis horses pick it out from other hay. Mr. M. adds the following statement of the amount of corn raised oa an acre of la..d by Mr. Woodford, of the same locality, and the piofi' realized from its sale : 149 bushels ol corn, at 50 cte. per bushel. .$74 50 Outlay lor cultivation, &c 23 25 Profit 51 25 BY TELEGRAPH. New York, Nov, 2Q, I Cottos.—The market is firm one thousand i bales were sold to-'Jay. Flour is improving I State $9 25: Ohio $9 37J. Wheat is also io I moving. Coin is firm at SI.OO. 1 Washington, Nov. 16.—The State depart ment has received by the Pacific a dispatch from Mr. Buchanan, unequivocally denying that he had made a tender of the sympathy of the Uni ted States in favor of tne Allies. The Admin istration is under no apprehension of a rupture with England. The Secretary of the Navy withheld the in structions to Commodore Paulding, until the ar rival of the Pacific, and in consequence of the receipt of official intelligence trom England as suring our Government that the dispatch ot a British squadron to the West India station, has no relerence to Central American matters, nor any object hostile to the United States, only one vessel of the home squadron will proceed to Nicaragua, and that the flag ship Potomac, w ith Commodore Paulding in charge of the general interests of the United States. New York, Nov. 17.—Cotton is firm and the sales to day comprised 5500 bales. Business is checked in consequence of the lightness of the stock. Fair Sugar is worth from 6ja6Jc. per p end. New York. Nov. 16 —By an arrival here we have later advices trom Rio—to the 10th ot Oc tober. Coffee was firm and selling at .">yooo to5)500 Vessels were leaving Rio in ballast on account of high ptices. The stock of Coffee on hand was reduced to 50,000 bags. Flour nominal at 30). Large arrivals. | ICorrespondcnce of the Cons'.Uutionalist ] GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. Milledgeville, Nov. 16, 1855. SENATE. The Senate met 10 o’clock, A. M. Upon reading the journals, Mr. Fambro, of Upson movtd to re-consider so much of the proceed ings of yesterday as concerns the Dougherty County Railroad bill, and supported his motion id a speech against the bill. The motion met the opposition of Messis. Peeples, of Clarke and Baxter, of Hancock. The motion was lost. Mr. Atkinson, ot Camden, moved the re-conJ sideration of yesterday’s action relating to the bill creating Brunswick (Judicial) Circuit. The vote ol the Senate on the motion to re-consider stood, ayes 67, r-avs 32. Mr. Miller, of Richmond, moved to reconsid er the action of the Senate making the consid oration of the bill for the pardon of Boyd the order ol the day for VZednesday next. Agreed to. The counties were called and the following bi<ls introduced: Mr. Bell, of Warren—A billtoallow the Jus tices ot the Inferior Court of Warren county to increase the county tax. By Mr. Bloodworth, of Carroll—A bill to amend the Ca Sa laws. By Mr. Cone, of Greene—A hill to amend the Penal Code, so as to accurately define the crime of murder and provide for punishing the same By Mr Dabney, o! Gordon—A bill local in its nature and not distinctly understood. By Mr. Fambro—A bill to allow the Ordina ry of Upson county to pay tuition fees to teach ers ol poor cl ililren without the ordinary lor mall ties. By Mr. Cone, of Greene—A bill for the relief ot James H. Fannin, of f’roup county. Mr Gibson of Pike—Chairman of the Judi ciary Committee, reported in favor of tbe pas sage rd a bill altering the statute of limitations —Also a bill for extending the statute of Frauds and Perjuries to sales and gilts of slaves:—Also a bill to define the liability of Railroad Compa nies; and against the bill for the execution of tbe will of George M. Waters. Mr Head of Macon—A bill allowing .Uptba Mott to peddle without license;—Also a bill for the relief of Sarah J. Compton. By Mr. Hill of Harris—A bill to compel the Ordinaries in this State to ke**pa record oi let ters of administration, Testamentary and Guard ianship by them issued. By Mr. Jeter ol Marion—A bill to allow tbe examination of Physicians by interiogatories and Commissions. Bv Mr. Lott, of Cuff'e— A Resolution requiring the National Flag to be raised over the Capitol during the Session of the Legislature. By Mi. Mclntosh, of Elbert—A bill to incor porate an Academy in Elbert County. By Mr. McMillan, ot Habersham—A bill to incorporate the North Eastern Railroad: Also a bill to change tbe Ist Section of tbe 3rd Arti cle of the Constitution By Mr. Miller of Richmond—A bill to protect married women in the use of their estates: a bill to change the liabilities of Executors, Ad mimatiators and Trustees: also a billtoallow J ru'lees. Guardians, Administrators and Execu tors to convey property held by them in n Fidu ciary character: also a memorial from lhe citi zens ol Richmond County. By Mr Murphy, of DeKalb—A bill to alter the J 9th Section ot tbe ht A’tide of the Consti tution ol Georgia, By Mr. Morris, of Murray—A bill to prevent the diiviijj* of cnttle during the months of July, Amzust, September and October, through the Conrities of Mutiny arid Whitfield. By Mr. Peepfox, of Clarke—A bill abolishing imydisor.merit lor debt, except in certain cases. Also, a bill to preserve i.nd dispose of the effects id corporations idler their dissolution. By Mr. Rudisill, of Washington—A bill to incorporate the Sandersville Hotel Company. By Mr. Shropshire, of Chattooga—A bill to compel Executors, Administrators arid Guardians who take notes with security Io Have them re newed within twelve months after i bey fall due, or to bring suit on the same in three mouths lb* reaffer. By .41. Smith, of Jones—A bill to reorganize tbe CcngrexHional Districts'ril this State. By Mr. Swinnev, of Kinchafootiee*—A local bill relating Io ceitain election precinct*. ()n motion of Ml. Pope, rd Wilkr-, Messrs. Chid..*, were added to tn« Judiciary <,*hi’huih««. On motion ol Mr. Peeples, ol Clarite, Mr. Long, of Glynn, wav «übr,'if uteri for Guery, of Raudolpli, on the Committcn on Education, and Mi. G m ry.jol Randolph, for Mr. Long,of Glynn, <n. ’hi* Cornmi'tee on Printing. The bill for ib<- pardon of John T. Boyd was made the special order ol the day for to-morrow. The Senate adjourned until 10 o’clock, a. m., to-morrow HOUSE. Novemrkk, 16th.—Mr. McConnell of Catoo sa, moved to reconsider so much ol yesterday’* action as related to the Bill prohibiting th- dri ving of cattle through Cotoosa. Walger, Gilmer, Pickens and other upper comities. The mo tion was »eco..<!ed by Dr. Phillips ot Haber sham, and a •bort »|>eecb follow <1 by Mr. Jones of Muscogee. The question wa* put and the motion sust-iined. The bill was taken up and referred to a special Committee ol five. Mr. Ward offered a resolution referring cer ■ i-.p r'ioi, <>f 11,n Executive message to ttso Committee on Public Printing, The refioita of various Committees to whom private bill* bad been referred was presented. Mr. Jones wa . added to tbe Judiciary Com mittee on motion of Mi, Irwin ot Wilke*. Committees were called, and bill* reported a* follow's: By Mr Mobley, ol Appling—A bill to incorporate Holmesville, Lodge No. 195, of Free and accepted Masons. By Mr. Lawton, of Chatham—A bill to re duce the number ol Jurors to compose a Coro ners Inquest in Chatham county. By .Mr. Terhune, of Floyd—A hili to amend f he laws of this State, in relation to imprisonment for debt. By Mr. Wood, of Fannin—A bill to change the organization of the Inferior Court* of this State, so as to vest its pawes it; one Judge, who is to exercise the present duties of the Ordinary, with a salary of two hundred dollars, and per quisites. By M.;_ Burnett, of Glynn—A private bill. i«lr. Hanis, of Fulton—A bill to incorporate I ,! .‘.e Atlanta Gas Light Company. ■ Mr. Dawson, ol Greece—A bill for the relief I of Margarett Marchman. I Mr. Smith, of Hancock—A bill to consolidate j certain election precincts in the bill named. | Mr. Hale, of Henry—A bill to provide for making out and returning lists of poor children to the Ordinary. Mr. Mathews, of Houston—A bill to organ ize a new county from Houston. Crasvford and Macon counties. Mr. Jones, of Lowndes—A bill to lay out a new county, from the counties of Troup and Heard. Mr. Jones, of Muscogee—A bill to incorpo rate the Columbus Fire Company, No. 4. Also a bill to incorporate the Columbus Iron Works Company. Mr. Thornton, of Muscogee—A bill for the sale of the Western and A’lantic Railroad. Two hundred copies of the bill were ordered to be printed. Mr. Kirkpatrick, of Spaulding—A bill to change the time of holding the Inferior Courts of Spaulding county. Mr. Smith, of Tatnall—A local bill re’erring to Courts of Ordinary in Tatnall r uunty. Mr. Irvin, of Wilkes—A Bill defining the La bility ot husbands for the contracts of tl..*w ?e made before marriage, to such amount as the property possessed by the wife at the time ot marriage, may be worth. Bill read a third time A Bill appropriating eight hundred dollars to each ot several counties in the bill named for Academic purposes. Referred to the Commit tee on Education a second time. A Bill to define the county line between the 1 '.ountics of Mclntosh and Liberty. A substi-