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VOL. LXV-
[NEW SERIES.]
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 25, 1865.
[PRICE 5 CENTS.]
NO. 199
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FRIDAY MORNINR, APC>T 25.
RIDING MATTER PIT EVilitY PAGE.
UI2 AJiDERSOSflLLB TORTlfEW.
More Evidence.
Bad Food, Filthy Water and no
Shelter—Wirz and his
Inhumanity.
The following additional evidence of the
inhumanity of Win and the horrors of the
Andersonville prison appears in the 'Washing
ton Chronicle of yesterday :
Douglas Hospital, Aug. II.
J'-> the Editor of the Chronicle:
Sir : I have'read the two accounts of the
treatment of Andersonville prisoners, written
bv a Georgian farmer, in the columns of your
paper. I think your readers may be more in
terested in reading a description of thesuffer-
irgof the aforesaid prisoners written by one of
the sufferers. I arrived in Andersonville on
the 24th day of June, 18(14. The prisoner!
in the stockade were divided into detachments,
each suppoesd to number two hundred and
seventy men. Whenever vacancies occurred,
from death or otherwise, new prisoners, who
were arriving almost daily, were put into the
different detachments, to fill up the vacancies
as far as possible ; but these would not average
over nine hundred and forty men.
Ir, the latter part of J une and part of July,
there were seventy-eight detachments, number
ing altogether nearly nineteen thousand men.
At the time I arrived the stockade enclosed
eighteen acres of ground, leaving out three
acres of a swamp in the centre of the prison
v«rd, and two acres fenced off by the dead
line. There were bnt thirteen acres for the
prisoners to occupy. In the latter part of
July, ar. addition was made to the stockade of
ten acres, leaving out one acre of this fenced
off for the dead-line. The prisoners then oc
cupied tweDty-two acres. The number of de
tachments had increased to one hundred and
twenty, swelling the number of prisoners to
nearly twenty-nine thousand. Here were near
ly twemv-nine thonsand men made to occupy
only twenty-two acres of ground, in the hottest
season of the year, three fifths of the men
being entirely destitute Of shelter, and exposed
to the burniug rays of a hot southern sun and
the cold, raw, damp nights peculiar to the
southern climate.
Starvation.
The rations of the prisoners were of the
coarsest kind, there not being facilities to cook
for all the prisoners. One-half received cooked
rations, those receiving daily, four days in the
week, one-half pound of corn bread, made of
corn and cobs ground up together, with no
salt in it, and one-quarter of a pound of bacon
per man; the other, for three days, instead of
bread, received one pint of half-cooked mttsh,
without a particle of salt in it. Those getting
raw rations received daily per man one pint
and a half of meal, and a quarter of a pound of
raw bacon. Each man received every three
hays a piece of wood, about two feet long and
two inches thick, to cook his rations with. It
was an impossibility for a man to cook his
rations with this miserable pittance of wood,
Mai many a time I have seen men compelled
10 eal their rations raw ; yes, many a time
have 1 done it myself. For seven months the
prisoners of Andersonville subsisted on these
rations, with no change of any kind. Thous
ands were carried to their graves, disfigured,
potrid masses of corruption, victims to that
horrible, loathsome disease—scurvy,
Kunning through the prison yard wasa small
stream of water, about two yards in width, and
in one place over a foot and a half deep, this,
stream was naturally unhealthy, flowing as it
eid through a swamp some distance from the
stockade. About a quarter of a mile outside
:,e stockade, along the stream, a great ma-
J ‘ ‘ty of the rebels doing duty at Anderson-
. e " ere encamped. They did all their bath-
MJ and washing right outside the stockade,
yose to the stream was a cook house, where
, !o( ri was prepared for prisoners, peeking
•■ready with the filth from the rebel encamp-
®ms, the stream, flowing on past the cook-
rouse, receiving all its filthy refuse, pollated
yo poisonous, entered the stockade, where
I ('’“sands of starving, thirsty wretches vainly
• r yd to quench their thirst with its warm and
mucous waters or dense their diseased and
ii, . f iorms ’ Diarrhoea arising from the
,l* 0 this water numbered its victims by
orousands. •
The “AndereonmUe- Raiders."
an,i^ ere ex * sted 1° Andersonville in the spring
par ‘ 9 1 trie summer of 1864 an organized
hardened villain took no notice of their qom-
plaints, encouraging their oppressors in their
inhuman barbarities.
An Outbreak.
There is a limit to man’s forbearance. In the
mouth of July, after inducing Wirz to promise
them all the facilities be could to carry out their
plans, the strongest of the prisoners arose en
masse, arrested about fifty of the most desperate
raiders, established a court of justice, tried them,
and sentenced about six, of the worst to be hung,
and the rest to wear a ball and ebatn until they
should be paroled or exchanged; they were thea
to be handed over to the United States authori
ties, with a statement of their case. The six
men sentenced to death were hung on a scaffold
erected in the stockade, in full view of all the
prisoners. Wirz, according to his promise,
furnished the prisoners with the materials to
make she scaffold. The culprits, after their trial,
up to the time when they were bung, were »e-
curelv confined in the rebel guard-honke outside
of the stockade. About an hour before the exe
cution, 'Wirz, with a guard, conducted them
from the guardhouse to the gates of the prison,
and handed them over to a party of the prison
ers appointed by their comrades for that purpose,
at the same time saying that he would throw
the responsibility of banging the condemned on
the prisoners ; that they must not expect him to
be responsible in any way. In spite of all Wirz
can say, he was the cause of their being bang.—
if he had done his duty as keeper of the prison,
and seen that order was maintained, the prison
ers would not have been compelled td take jus
tice in their own hands. When the prisoners
would complain to Wirz or his subordinates of
the small quantity of rations they were receiv
ing, they would remark, “It is enough for you
d—d Yankees; we only intend to give you
enough to keep life in you.”
The Roll Call. ■
Every day the roll was called in the prison by
rebel sergeants. Each sergeant had charge of a
ceitain number of detachments. If at the time
the roll was called, there was one man missing
who could not be accounted for af onee, 1lis de
tachment would have to go without their.rations
for that day—two huudred and forty men starved
and lamishsd for the fault of one man. This was
one of Wire's just laws-. While I was io the
prison, twenty de.achments, including the one to
which I belonged, were kept without their rations
for two days, because a man belonging to one of
the detachments had made his escape from the
prison sou his absence had not been made known
at roll call.
* y Freezing.
Many a cold, raw night, with thousands
of other miserable wretches, I hare sat on the
damp, £lchy ground, nothing to cover me but an
old ragged shirt and a pair of pants, looking over
the stockade at the distant camp-fires burning
brightly on the surroundihg hills, longing for a
little fire to warm me. “If 1 only had a little
Ire,” I would think, “just enough to keep me
from feeling so cold, I could do without the shel
ter o; a blanket or tent.” Why did not; Wirz,
seeing most of us prisoners were . entirely desti
tute of shelter, famish us with wood to keep us
warm during the damp, -chilly nights? We
could almost reach over the stockade and touch
the woods, an 1 yet we had to suffer with the
cold. Starving us was bad enbngi. Theymigut
have let ns have a little wood to keep ns warm at
night. • >
Sickness.
When a man took sick in i be stockade, he had
to lie and suffer His stomach” weakened by sick
ness, he loatoed the coarse food he had been liv
ing on. He might long for something nourishing
to eats some one to sympathize with him and
nurse; he could have neither. His comrade, ly
ing by his side, Weak and exhausted from starva
tion, hardly able to take oare of?: himself, with
but one thought—-how he might satiate the
gnawing hunger that was consuming him slowly
everyday—could not help him.
Mortality.
In August the deaths .of prisoners averaged
fifty per day. The dead were carried oat on
stretchers one at a time, two prisoners with a
guard to each stretcher. Only two bodies
could be carried out at a time. Lucky was the
poor wretch of a prisoner who got a chance to
help carry out a body to the dead-house out
side, and some distance from the stockade. He
would'bring in some wood on the stretcher
when he returned. Then he might cook hi§
miserable pittance of food, or have a fire some
cold night to warm himself- Often have!
seen men sitting by a dying man eagerly wait
ing for him to die, begrudging him his life, that
they might carry out his body and get a little
wood to help them keep life in themselves.
The dead were carried to the dead-house,
when the name, company and regiment was
taken down in a book. They were then thrown
roughly into a wagon, hauled to some distance
from the stockade, thrown into shallow
trenches, and a few shovels foil of dirt thrown
carelessly over them. , Such was the manner
of burying the victims .of Andersonville'.
This is but a Short account that I have writ
ten, but I tbihk that I lute written enough to
give the readers of this an insight into the
sufferings »f the prisoners. No one can folly
realize their sufferings, unless, like myself,
they have experienced them.
Very respectfully, B. H.,
Co. ■‘C„’ > Eighth Penn, cavalry,
ARKANSAS,
Address of Governor Murphy
tp the People.
Letter from Dr. T. M. Jacks.
The GovemoJ of Arkansas has issued an ad
dress to the people of the State, in which he
says :
“The civil Government of your State is avain
folly organized. Peabe and apparent harmony
prevail. The law can he faithfully enforced, if
you so will it. On yon rests the responsibility
for the good or evil that may ensue. The future
will take its character from your present action.
If your course is guided by calm wisdom and
patriotism, peace and security will be observed ;
if by the impulses of passion and the prejudices
of the past, confusion and demoralization will ce
the resalt.
“Your condition is critical, and the approach
ing eleotion for members of Congress will be a
test of your wisdom and self-control. The great
sorrows and sufferings ot the last four years have
ernshed the public energies, and produced a reek
less and traitorous state of mind, which a sudden
excitement might render ungovernable. You
must guard against this.
“Listen to no one who is disposed to irritate
old sores. Listen only to those whose words are
calculated to calm the temper and to soothe the
wounded feelings.
“The fate of the State is in your hands. Should
you elect men who by the laws are disqualified,*
they will be rejected; and inasmuch as the grati
fications of members of CoLgress have been
materially modified by Congress passed daring the
rebellion, I have deemed it my duty to place it
before you, that yod? may be enabled, in your
selection of candidates, to act intelligently, with
a full knowledge of the facts.
“To vote for any person as a candidate for
Congress who cannot honestly and truthfully take
the above oath, is discreditable to the voter, and
an insult to the majesty of the law, besides being
a vote thrown away, and should such disquali
fied person be eleotei, the most disagreeable con
sequences are sure to follow, both to him and to
the State.
“In so important a matter, I trust the people
will be wise and watchful, as an imperative doty.
T alio call your attention to the qualifications of
voters in this State. Each voter, before deposit
ing his ballot, in addition to former qualifications,
must take the following oath;
“I do solemnly swear that I will support the
Constitution of the United States and of this
S wte,' afid that I have not voluutarily berne
arms against the United States or this State, nor
aided, directly or indirectly, the so-called Con
federate authorities, since the 18th day of April,
1864.
“ The above oath must be taken by every voter,
ot his vote will be considered worthless, and he
will subject himself to indiotmenl for perjury for
a violation of theaot.
“The returns of the election of offioers made to
the Secretary of State must show that the oath
has been taken at prescribed. I trust, therefore,
yon will see the propriety and necessity of yield
ing a cheerful obedience to the requirements of
the law, until repealed or declared unoonstitu-
tionai by competent judicial authority. It is the
law of the land and must be enforced. The" Ex
ecutive is bonnd in the most solemn manner to
enforce the laws, and with the help of God, he
will try to faithfully perform his sworn obliga
tions.
“To voters we would say, select good men and
true men to serve you. Do not be governed by
those who seek office. They generally seek their
own profit, not yours; and be sure to choose those
whose disposition and capacity are to build np
and restore. Show all those whose inclinations
lead them to pa 1 down and destroy, we have had
enough of that. Let all the laws be exeonted
faithfully. . r
“The good God seems to have returned to ns in
kindness and mercy. Let us humble ourselves
under His mighty hand, and ask of Him wisdom,
and that He will be our guide and counsellor.
Isaac Murphy,
Governor of State.”
repnbCe. It will be well for ns and for human
liberty if we deceive not onrselves as to the mag-
nitudo or the importance of this work. Let it be
remembered, and constantly bornedn mind, that
no republic up to the present time has ever sur-
rived a great civil war. Those that nominally
lived after such wars, lived only in name; with
tho wars they ceased to be republics in fact. Shall
history repeat itself in this particular in America?
The people by their acts must say.
“Lasting peace cannot be restored to any por
tion of the American people until law and order
bear rule in the South. Mobs and wholesale law
less murders have marked tho wane of liberty in
every land. Inaugurate them here, and our own
America will rapidly follow in the wake of mighty
nations gone before.”
WASHINGTON.
Washington, August 17,1865.
Applications for Pardon. Q
Several hundred applications lor pardon were
received to-day, and among them that of the
rebel Brigadier General Alexander W. Campbell,
of Tennessee.
Pardoned,
J. W. Dillard, of Albemarle county, Va.; Alex.
Dudley, President of the Richmond and York
Biver Railroad, and Richard T. Foster, banker,
of Richmond, were to-day pardoned by the
President. Mr. Dudley will at once proceed to
rebuild the railroad over which he has presided
for many years, the iron of which was taken up
by the confederacy to construct the Piedmont
Branch Railroad. Pis pardon was specialty ask
ed for by Governor Pierpoint. Mr. Foster’s ap
plication had been pending for seme time. He
concluded to retain Hon. Thomas Corwin by a
five hundred dollar fee. The latter procured the
pardon at once. We chronicle this as a notable
exception to the general worthlessness of legal
interference.
The hotels of the city are principally filled
with Southerners at present, who are here to ob
tain pardons for themselves or friends. Mr.
Titus, of Memphis, Tennessee, obtained his to
day.
The Interments at Andersonville.
Captain James M. Moore to-day telegraph
ed from Andersonville that he yesterday fin
ished the suitable interment, of the Union pris
oners who died at that prison.
The Fees of Mrs. Surratt’s Counsel.
The statement that has been going the
rounds of the press to the effect that the coun
sel of Mrs. Surratt demanded during the last
hours of her life a fee of thirty-five hundred
dollars, secured by a mortgage upon her
house, and that since the demise of the latter
they have attempted to sell the house to secure
their fee, is emphatically contradicted. It is
affirmed that during the progress of the con
spiracy trial, early in June last, Mrs. Surratt
gave her note for three thousand dollars, for
sixty days, to her counsel, who, after the exe
cution, and several days before the note be
came due, notified several of the intimate per
sonal friends of Mrs. Surratt that they would
settle the note in question at a heavy discount.
The latter subsequently informed the counsel
that but one thonsand dollars coal’d be raised,
which sum was accepted in full consideration
of the note for three thousand.—N. Y, Herald•
POLITICAL.
selv? k ardened 'Villain# who-styled them-
vas'i 6 Andersonville raiders. This gang
5 about two hundred strong, and was eom-
■'-0 oi men who had deserted from the.TTni-
a. 5l!des ar ffiy With the intehtiori' of taking
e® a:il °i allegiance to the Confederate gor-
At| , ent - The rebel authorities pilt them in
A|.. ersonv ‘U e with the captured v qrrisotiers.—
ti| 0u jto these men were not allowed to take
, , the rebels favored them as much as
Bin t j a ri° w ing them to go outside of the
ihr- e - t0 wot * 5 i® trie day time, for which
L. ; '^‘vad more gnd better rations than
si' lii e prisoners, and at night they were
tbuld t0 take 88 mu!dl wood as they
tat- , Ca F y ' course, having a plenty to
able i P- j °* exercise, they were strong,
f msei ° i men .> and they had the other poor,
f 0r , d > starving prisoners completely cowed
„°,5? tIme ’ prisoners arriving in An-
"ere „n e were attac ked by the raiders (who
of ,1. ,t5 med witl1 hea vy clubs) and robbed,
left them thlU T J alcabl ? the reb ®^ «a*f?rit have, ;
.. e inhuman wretches. Wirz was aware
The Peace Impracticable#, and Bogus
Democ at# of Ohio Holding a Con*
ventiont Nomination of A. hoof as
a Candidate for Governor.
Cincinnati, August 18.
The bogus Democratic Convention .assembled
at Columbus yesterday. Mr. Mitchell, tit Knox
county, was appoipted chairman; and W. H.
Mum,ell, of Highland county, secretary; Alex
ander A. Long, was nominated for governor* and
Clinton Aar White for Uententat 'ffoteftritw. ? , >’
; Stroog State sovereignty, resolutions were
adopted. •' ' ' • - . - -
[Special Dispatch to theTribune.]
Columbus, Ohio, August 17.
The radical wing ot ihe democracy held « con
vention to-day and effected an independent or
ganization. A State ticket, headed by Alexan
der Long for Governor and Cl in .on A. White for
Lit utenanV Governor, was nominated. The plat
form indorses state sovereignty to the fullest ex
tent; denies the right of the general government
to raise armies by subscription; pretests against
the suspension of the writ of habeas- corpus; de
clares military commissions lo only vigilance
committees; opposes pub'ic debt, national banks
and paper currently; favor* uniform '.taxation
and tree trade; denies the right of th*_*overik-
meat to emancipate slaves; condemns aagrifsof-
frage; denounces Getr Cox’s colonization scheme,
and closes with a- ftgrffaratiop that the tyeetqrn
democracy has been divided oh these doctrine*,
and that success can phly feet-reached by recon
structing the party on the basis of. »tetej eovef-
eignty. The speakers all declared- the war a
failure, becauae.it had settled nvtbtng. The new
party is already strongly organized in aeverW
sections of the SLate, and is being led by earnest
and most determined men. Hie regular Dea -
cratio Convention 'will* be heTa neil week.'
of the
ons.
dat 10 ^ ex !! t J en< ; e , of *“.gang and their deple
ted '^ dftlth O"8l» their poor victims time
»g»m complained of them to him, the
Letter from Hr. Jacks.
A letter from Dr. T. M. Jacks, dated at Helerih
and addressed to the people of Arkansas, sets
forth the condition of affair in that State very
plainly. The doctor says :
“Secession was not the willing choice of the
people, though the people helped to bring it upon
themselves. They had forgotten that eternal
vigilance was the price of liberty ; they had for
gotten that American freemen, to continue free,
must think and act for themselves. They had
forgotten that party politicians are generally cor
rupt meo. They had lorgotten that following in
the wake of corruption leads to the same evil
consequeDcea as though they bad been corrupt
themselves; they had forgotten that partisan zeal
was not patriotism; they had forgotten that pas
sion was not principle; they had forgotten, in
short, all the high prerogatives of the American
citizen; they bad delegated their thinking and
apting to those they knew to be dishonest—never
dreaming of danger, they willingly followed him
ot ‘tbeir party’ who talked and blustered mbst.
The people have been led into all their troubles
because they would not think for themselves.—
All that the country has suffered has been
brought about by unprincipled men imposing
upon and appealing to the bad passions, not the
sober judgment of the people, and by the people
gubmisaiv-ly obeying tbeir wicked behests. The-'
difference between the enmraahtv oi the leader#
and the people is: The leaders plotted mischief,
the people inspected do harm; the iorm.r sin
ned intentionally, the latter thoughtlessly.
“Though the change in ihe last five years ha*
been terrible and apparently sadden, yet the
training ot the people for it has been the.work of
more than a generation. It required a long and
persistent course of denunciations and false rea
soning to persuade, to drive the people from their
allegiance lo the government of their fathers.
The Clergy.
» * * “To facilitate their covert and wick
ed designs, southern politicians called to their as
sistance a much respected add influential class of
men, who, though in their sacred commission
they are commanded to ‘keep their garmeota
spotless jrom the world,’ forgetting the high
character of tbeir calling, they dishonored God's
Holy Sanctuary by converting it into « forum
for the disenssion and promulgation of party
politics,, Thus beguiled, both in church and
state, bk‘priest ana king,’is not so wonderful
that the people should have been thrown from
tbeir balance, and tfaatunder great excitement,
they should have been induced to commit seri
ous and woeiul indiscretion*. Uninfluenced, and
left to their own sober judgments, the people oj
Arkansas would never have rebelled #L^_
authority of the United States government.
Guerillas.
* * “Perhaps yon shall ask me what ahall
be doa# with th* guerilla ? Shall he be treated
kindly ? Shall he be forgiven ? I answer, he is
an enemy to society, he is an
Can’t defend Mm, charity can’
military law does not recognise him as a soldier;
civil law repudiates him as a citizen. 1 He is al-
jeady pondemtoBd. The only, question is, how
PriUT *«* a W**-
(Ay “Oun Own SLuaaA*D”— Who is determined?
at last, to do sombtlting.)
^Su^ay-Daypf rest; pf co^e, nothing
Monday-Being early in the weeks don’t be-too
irecipitaie in beginning anything. ' ‘
Tuesday—Determine not to let tbe week go by
vithout achieving something briliuint! 3
Wednesday—Resolve on vigorous measnree
or to-morrow ...
s^teawBsssstei
one next
«
Speech of Secretary Harlan—The Ad
ministration.
Secretary Harlan was serenaded at Washington
recently, and acknowledged the compliment in a
patriotic speech, and after the band had played
several airs, the Secretary was called oat by the
ctowd, and spoke as follows:
“I have no doubt that nothing but a feeling of
friendship for me can acconnt for the presence of
the great number of you here to night. It any
are prompted by any other motivo, I do not doubt
that it is on account of their respect for the gov
ernment, which now domi iates over onr entire
and common country, and for the Administration
that is now enforcing the laws of the republic from
Maine to California, and. from Minnesota to
Texas. And possibly I may be indebted for this
compliment on aooount of my connection with
this administration. Ton must not expect me
to-night to develop what will be in the : future the
policy of the individual eleoted to the highest po
sition in the gift of the Amorioan people, No one
is authorized to speak for him but himself; and I
doubt very much whether be now knows what will
be the policy which he will be compelled bv circum
stances to follow in the future. We may,
however, jndge of the future from his offioial acta
in the past.
“I know a large portion of the Ameriean people
feel a deep solicitude on the (abject ot the proba
ble success of his administration, and there are
those- who are the enemies of this administration,
as they were of his predecessor, who are anxious
to array against him those by whose votes he wsb ing, practical men, that trees will
party, and as a result suffering the country to
be destroyed, are they now a sufficient cause
to permit this great party to go to pieces and
the country to ruin as a consequence ? The
party which throngh the military power, sup
pressed a rebellion which has had no parallel
in history, has now the great responsibility
imposed upon it to keep its columns intact and
its men massed until the disorganized States
are reorganized, and a feeling of friendship
and unity is restored thronghont our whole
country. If then, we, as Union men, have no
cause to complain of the President for any
thing which we could not allege with equal
force against his predecessor, let ns see that
we give him no cause to break with us. Allow
me, in retiring, to thank yon for the honor ot
this call.”
Tlie Result of Obstinacy,
[From the Wilmington Herald.]
Gen. Amec, Gen. Duncan and Col. Donellan
have recently retorted from an official visit to
Fayetteville and vicinity. From these officers we
learn that we were premature in annonneing the
marah of troops to that place. Goo. Ames and
company went thore with a view of ascertaining
the truthful cess of certain reports that have come
down here regarding the treatment of oolored
people in that vicinity. Tbe result of this visit,
we are informed, is tbe substantiation of the fact
that the negroes have been cruelly treated by not
only civilians, but theoivil authorities there. Two
negroes were tied np and publicly whipped by the
sheriff, on the sentence of a magistrate in the
town of Fayetteville. Other negroes were tied to
trees and whipped, and then left tied until a storm
prostrated the trees, and the poor negroes fell with
them, and laid a long time before being relieved.
Citizens, too, have presumed to exercise the au
thority of masters over these people, and to pun
ish them at their will with snch severity as to
them seemed fir. It is even reported that negroes
have been killed by tbe cruelty of those who
should be brought to punishment.
Ail these things are not only contrary to the
policy of the government and military orders, bnt
positively forbidden by the laws of the St«t«?of
North Carolina All negroes are now free. Why
will not the people learn this faot and be wise?
Because tbe people of Fayetteville would not
admit this fact, they have now got to submit to it
by the compulsory power of the bayonet in negro
hands. The troops are now under orders to go
there. The government will enforce its policy.—
If people will submit willingly, well and good;
otherwise they will be compelled to submit.
-■ i ——
PLANTERS’ BUREAU.
elevated to his present position- Many, ! doubt
not, have ipuoh'solioitade on this subject. Some
may fear that now that he has been elevated to
place and power he nqay tarn against those who
elected him. Those who fear know bnt little of
the toan they have honored by their votes.—
[Cheers.] I would ask those who have tears
upon this subject, was he not nominated by the
same convention that nominated the lamented
Lincoln. M ‘
“Did he not accept the nomination, and place
himself voluntarily upon the same platform ?—
Was he not elected to the second place by the
same electors who chose the lamented Abraham
Lincoln to.tbe first? And alter succeeding to the
cBafr inadfr vacant (yr the foul ScYof the assassin
was not his first apt a notice to- the Cabinet offi
Mowing ts. Pasturing Orchards,
I want to express my opiuion respecting the two
way9 of saving the grass grown in orchards—
making hay of it or feeding it off I have oome
to tho conclusion that if good, thrifty trees and
abundant crops of nico apples are the object, it
would bo better never to remove a crop of grass
from an orchard I know many make it a prac
tice to mow their orchards, without any inter
ruption, except to plough a year or two and re
seed when the grass rnos out. There are quite a
number of such orchards thak have come under
my own observation, and the scraggy, mossy
trees, and small, imperfect fruit, generally pro
duced by each management, give evidence of a
soil reduced by repeatedly removing its annual
harden without any corresponding return. Per
haps in newer and more fertile localities the re
sult would not he so apparent as here; but a good,
crop of grass,if removed, evidently draws so hard
on the soil that tbe trees are deprived of some of
their needed nourishment.
Tfie following are some of the reasons why I
would not mow an orchard: FirRt—it is too ex-
hanstine. Seoond—The difficulty of mowing
among the t ees, especially with a machine.—
Third—The danger of barking their tranks —
Fourth—the necessity of having trees trimmed up
if grass is to bo cut under them, which is very un-
na ural for a tree standing out alone, and as inju
rious in several ways as it is unnatural. Fifth-
In a meadow the windfalls aod wormy fruit oan-
not be destroyed, which gives a host of depreda
tors time to mature and inflict their injury in
tarn. Sixth—The unpleasantness of picking np
apples among stubble. For the above reasons,
and facts warrant them, I think it may be set
down as a rule, that an orchard and a mea
dow should not both occupy the same field at
once.
Allow me to give what I consider the best
way to treat an orchard after it haa been seeded
to grass ; that is, to pasture it with Sheep.
They seem just fitted for the purpose, as they
remove very little from the soil that is not re
turned, they eat what apples drop early be
cause of worms, together with the pests them
selves, and keep the grasB down short, making
it good picking np the fruit. I know, by my
own experience and the testimony of observ-
thrive and
bear large crops of fruit, almost free from
knots and worms, when sheep are allowed to
ran amoDg them until the fruit begins to ripen
—while other orchards that have been mowed
will make only a small growth, and produce
only second or third-rate fruit.
There are certain conditions that I deem im
portant and desirable in orchard management^
which I will briefly state, and then I aoq done ?
First—Grass and vegetation pf all kinds, ex
cept the trees, should he kept down as short as
possible. Second—All that grows in" ah
ordbard, except fruit, should be returned to
tbe soil. Third—Trees should be allowed to
branch low in order to shade the gronnd under
Amnesty Blanks.
The immediate attention of County
Okditi&ri&i and Clerks is called to the
proviso jn.Gov. Johnson’s Proclamation,
authorizing the above officers to procure
at the office of the Savannah Republi
can the requisite number of blank forms
for the administering of the Amnesty
Oath. The Republican Job Printing
Office, having recently been established,
is well supplied with the latest and most
approved fonts of type, and we are now
prepared to furnish the blanks in such
quantities as may be required at the
shortest notice.
The civil officers upon whom has been
devolved the duty of administering the
oath, will please bear this in mind.
For the information of the above offi -
cers we would state that all blanks or
dered at the duly authorized offices as
enumerated in the Governor’s Proclama
tion Will be paid for by the State. If
procured at other offices they will be
obliged to pay then - own bills.
WHO UUf Uio UIQ»#V* O UUMVC Ml tun UOUIUO* um- . J 1 , . • • . ' _ _ ,
eei s of his predecessor that he desired *a contiou- j them and keep grass from growing. I lta<$
ance of their serrioes ? And have they not con- • that apple trees with branches just high enocigh
tinned, each with bia accustomed portfolio, with 1 for sheep to go under do npuqh better than those
a solitary exception; and that change was mads frimmed up four or five feet,
in pursuance of- an arrangement made by .flirpre- qihe above remarks refer to hearing orchards ;
of coarse young trees demand and receive
cultivation, or else die.—G., Hew Haven Ooun-
decessor t Did he not,"when th* tima came,
reiterate ihe proclamation of emancipation,which
bad been issued hy his predecessor, sod distinct
ly inform the leaders of th* rebellion that they
mast accept as’rifle result of tbe terrible struggle
throngh' which #• have passed, that slavery
cannot hereafter axist to the United States r—
lApplause.]
•‘Has h* ever faltered in tbe declaration of tbe
doctrine that the rebellion is a great crime, and
that those who perpetrated it muet suffer the pen-,
altv of tbe law unless they apply to the Execu
tive for clemency ? [Cries of *No’ and ‘Good ’]
What act ot President Johnson differs from
those of his predecessor in any material point of
yiew? Does any one suggest the policylor the
restoration of tbe Southern States? When he
came into office seven States previously in rebel
lion had been entirely or partially, reorganized
by his predecessor—Missouri, Arkansan, West
Virginia, Virginia, fqnnegSM, 'Ebuislana and
Texas—l am rffminaed that I may iuciud* th*
State of Maryland also. I belie ve, however, that
tUi latter Stats was not pro forma out of the
Union. In short, may I ask, does toe plan Presi-
dent Johnsun"cuw proposes for the Carolines
Georgia, Florida. Alabama and Mississippi, .differ
from that applied to toe other States I have men-
, turned by Preeftlent Lincoln ? Can any one name
outlaw, justice any important dfflerenee between the two class-
t plead for him, w? I apprebend'nqt. '
him as a soldier: ‘-‘Hbi can #i*y one suggest that tbe question
any one suggest that tbe question
of suffrage was settled differently in the States
firtt named from the latter. Now may I in
tend " by whom shall he be executed ? This io j qniro of tbe friends of the late President, those
praotioe will hate to be arranged in eaeh comma-1 who thought his policy good enough for the
BltyInfested by these marauding bands. Society . American people, what cause have they to
Must b* freed from these brigxnds, bnt it should 0 fthe policy of President Johnson ?
be dope tosneba way Poes any one beKeve that if President Lin-
pieo m doiog it. If the guenUft- Woola stfiehd- occunied tha Prodifonriat aU.;. h;-
his way* aod live, he ean only expest to do
hy changing hi* location aa wall as hi* habitat
The Future.
[ * * Can we of the Snath aria* from bur
shame and reatorp ourselves to toe high estate,
K ta whiob,'hy Qonfederate despotism, we have
in dragged, is a question which an anxIoiM
world is now debating. Th* work is before n*
•nd Willson be upon us. As we do onr pari,
well«» foolishly, so will ha (ha future not only of
too 8outo«* State* hot of W trhdo Araerieao
coin had occupied the Presidential chair, his
own policy would be changed hy hiiqaelf with
oo$ a material change of circumstances 2 If
not, who hag a right to complain of hp gn<j-
pesso? I t -- -
“We may have our individual opinions on.
the collateral question* which have arisen, and
whtoh may arise; bat we had these'dlflferencea
of amnion white President Lincoln occupied
tte&randeotial chair. If they were not theh .
A sufficient cause for supderiqg toe Union '
■ — • r —- —•
ty, Conn.—Moore’s Rural Rota Yorker.
Thatchivk BuinuNSa.—A gentleman from
Iowa writes me, inquiring as to thatching build-
iDgs, requesting an answer throngh the Uountry
Gentleman, when abroad I saw frequently
thatched buildings, stacks, Ac., and many of tbe
buildings mnat have had the covering on for very
many years, and it was still useful as roofing.—
The manner of putting on the thatch ia this :
Tbe straw should be fresh and sound, without
braises it practicable. Wheat straw is best for
tbe purpose, though rye is used where wheat can
not be had. When long straw is made nee Of the
Operator begins at to*.oaves or bottom of the
foof-dehositinglitin handful Is in regular breadth*
till the top is reaohed—the different handfolls be
ing so placed endways as to overlap (ilhSc,
and tbe upper ends being constantly pushed a 1
little into the bottom parte of the sheave*. In
this manner the operator gradual It nreBiBdaz
breadth after breadth,' til] toe whole roof is qnv^
ei ed, which is usually done to tfie thickness of
tour er five inches. 1 To retatn the thafeh in ita
S lace short, sharp-pointed sticks are occasionally
irust in, in a slanting direction upwardt-bot
aa tie water ia apt to follow the course of the
stick, it is a better praotice to make use of rope*
or twisted Straw for the purpose, and the thatch
carefully prepared and secured win laal for along
time. This is a brief outline of a thatch upon a
Stack or roof of bmlding. The ingniry fs made,
how long will a thatched roof last? If made
complete, five inches thick, and carefnUy attend
ed TO, if will last as long as the wooden erection
Which it covers. I inquired s few dqys siuoe of
an English gentleman from Canada aa io the
durability o? thatch roofing to Great Britain—h*
said they will last for ages. Where straw ia aa
plenty aDdobeap as rnlowal should think ■
(batched roof a good investment. J.
[Country Gentleman.
CIRCULAR.
Office of Stbeet Commissioneb, J
Savannah, Ga., Aug. 23, 1865. )
In accordance with General Order No.
24, all horses, mules, and cattle found at
large in the streets and squares of the
city, on and after Friday, the 25th inst.,
will be impounded under the following
regulations :
For first offence—Impounding fee will
be fire dollars, and one dollar per day
while the animal remains in pound.
For second offence—Impounding fee
shall be ten dollars, and one dollar per
day while the animal remains in pound.
If not called for in five days they shall
be advertised in the city papers for three
days,' and sold to pay expenses, or turned
over for military purposes.
By command of
BVt. Brig. Gen. DAVIS.
Edw. A. Pabkmson,
Capt. and Street Commissioner.
Headq’bs Sub-Dis’t. .of Ogeechee, )
Savannah, Ga., August 9th, 1865. j
The following Order is republished for
the information of all concerned :
GENERAL ORDER, I
No. 20. f
Hereafter and until further orders all
Commissioned Officers of the United
States Army visiting this City will be re
quired to register their names at these
Headquarters, stating authority and
length of absence.
By command of
< ! ' Bvt. Brig. Gen. DAVIS.
Sno. Mullen, A. A. A. G.
AH Commissioned Officers not on duty
at this Foflt will report at these Head
quarters, and show by what authority
thay are in the city.
By command of
Bvt. Brig. Gen. DAVIS.
Wm. H. Folk, A. A. A. G. au23-7
NOTICE.
Office Provost Marshal, )
Savannah, Ga., August 21,1865. )
Gentlemen wishing to take the Amnesty
Oath will apply at the office on Bryan
street between 9 and 12 A. M. Ladies
will apply, at the office in Custom House
between 1 and 4 P. M., each day.
W. 8. NORTON,
Lieut, and Asst. Provost Marshal.
NOTICE-
Office Provost Marshal,
-dy Sub-District of Ogeechee,
Savannah, Augurt 17th, 1865
Oh and after this date all Drinking or
Billiard Saloons and Grooery Stores, or
other places where liquors are sold, will
be dosed kt 10 o'clock P. M.; on Sunday
at all hours. The proprietors will be
held responsible for the fulfilment of this
order, 1 ' any violation of which will be
summarily dealt with.
By oommand of
Byfc. Brig. Gen- E. P. DAVIS.
Bah**! Cowdrex, Capt., and Pro. Mar.
Sub-District of Ogeechee.
•List, of Ogeechee, )
ivannah, G*i, Aug. 16th, 1865. J
GENERAL ORDER; i
No. 24. f
Captain Clark H Remick, 103d U. 8.
C. T., is hereby announced as Acting
Assistant Inspector General Sub-Dis
trict of Ogechee. He will be obeyed and
at
respected accordingly.
Bycommaud oj .
Bvt Brig. Gen. E. P. DAVIS.
Wr. 1$. iFosfik, & A. A. G.
BUSINESS CARDS.
E. EHRU H,
Wholesale §nd Retail
Always on hand choice Family Grsserissi
tFiaes, Liquors, Ac , of the beat qnality. at
nng49 lm No. 30 WHITAKER STREET.^
J.J.E0R£BT§0>&€0.
GENERAL
Commission Meffchsnts,
ATJGTJSTA, GrA..
Will give strict attention to the purchase and shijJ^
ment of Cotton, Domestics and Taras.
Also solicit consignments of Merchandize of all
kinds, (Sped illy Bagging Rope, Refined Sugars and
Coffee; and will remit in every instance as soon as sale
is made.
Refer to Wm. K. Kitchen, President National Park
Bank New York; A Porter, Kaq., President Bank
State of Georgia. Savannah: Jno. Uavleon, Beq.,Presi
dent Branch Bank State-of Georgia,. Angusta.
N. B.—We do exclusively a commission business.
angS 3m
B. M. BBUCB, THOMAS 3. MOEGAB.
E. M. BRUCE & CO..
288 BROAD ST., ACGC8TA, GA.,
B IVKfiftS A\l» * «TT HI t Ai lOKS.
Dealers exclusively in
Foreign and Domestic Exchange, Coin, Un-
current Money and Cotton.
I HAV this day taken into partnership THOMAS
8. MORGAN. 1 do this io re- ognltion and appre
ciation of his unimpeachable integrity, and high ca
pacity as a business man, and his long satisfactory and
successful management of my commeicial and finan
cial affairs, and his fidelity to my interests, (having
been with me almost without intermi aion for more
than fifteen years, j I do therefore commend him with
confidence to the business public.
augT lm i E. M. BRUCE.
wy. B. JACKSON, . t. WABBOCK.
JACKSON & WARROCK
AUCTION
AND
General Commission iileribanfs,
JACK80NYILI.F, FLA,
CONSIGNMENTS SOI, I CITED.
Personal attention given to forwarding Merchandize
and Cotton. lm __ anglfi
~JAS. B. CAHILL,
General and Commas on rlerchacf,
■A.TTG-TJST.A, Gr-A..
Holders of Merchandize wishing to Realize immedi
ately, win consult their interests by consigning tha
same.
f trict business attention will be given all consign
ments, and prompt returns mute, at the most reasona
ble rates.
Refer to Messrs. Hnnter £ Gammeli, C. L. Colby A
On., Hilton & Randell, A.\ Lomelins, Halsey, Wat
son & Co,, and btnart, * Co ang!9
w. W. ALEXAIBEB,
(Successor to Wright & Alexander,}
GENERAL COMitllSSiOJK MERCHANT
«
Ne. 268 Broad Street.
AUGU8TA, GEORGIA.
All consignments and orders will have prompt at-
tention.2w ang!4
W. HuiNRY WARREN,
'GENERAL
Commission Merchant,
255 BROAD ST., AUGUSTA, GA.,
Dealer In Cotton, all kind* of Foreign
and Domestic Goods, Groceries,
Grain, Produce, etc.
Consignments solicited, to which the most prompt
attention will be given.
ReferenceeA-Hunter & Gaminell, HU! Gowdy, Jno.
L. Vital onga, Wm. Battemby, John C. Ferrill, and to
the leading Merchants and tankers of Augusta, Ga.,
mile, ”
and Naahvllle, Tenn.
3m
june20
Horton & Walton,
.General Commission Merchants,
287 Broad Street,
-A.TTGi-XJci'A-A., GKOTiGi-IA..
apg4
lm
DO
Boot; 1
LUMBER
OtJGB and Dressed Boards: 8
and 4x6; Shingles; Nails, A 8
; Meat Beef; fortes’
8x4, 4x4
Family
Btysfreto
Per Steamer America,
K‘<’’ A fide assortment of
Liquors.
St. Croix Bum,
And a variety of the finest brands of
Lunch Served at 11 O’clock A. M.,
, riTV A.8TA3UD*.
ChjrUa*, in Rear of Custom Home.
TOTEl, keen «
iW'ScalasofSts
as low ae can be on
;.3j;o iwsx.
aagT
ire*
* CO. ,
■ _ ’i r ngrtnn and coaster
i in Savannah, and wl» be sold
GLaOWT.
W. A KAMdRY & kO.,
GENERAL
Commission Merchants
AND
AUCTIONEERS.
308 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
XEFEB TO
Robert Habersham & ons, Savannah.
W.li. Stark, do.
Bones, Brown & Co., Angusta.
Kd- Thomas, ao.
W. K. Kitchen, President National Park Bank. N
jyB
TU bOTT> N fcHlPrfcHS.
ALEXANDER HARDEE
Co ton Shipper,
S prepared to take cotton on storage, at the lowest
os, and has opened on the corner of Jefferson and
r streets, for the purpose of
Weighing, Repairing, Sampling,
Classing and Shipping Cotton
tot the public, at the LOWEoT KATES, famishing
Ink, ftc. ; jnlyl
Wright & Co.,
COMMISSION MEfiCBhWS,
Bio de Janeiro, Brazil.
■ w : • -j. : •
Represented by oar Agent, JOHN S. WRIGHT, Eeq.,
No. 69 Wail street,- New York.
, - 6m te
CORNER OF
,y and. Barnard Streets, c
TJAVE on hand and toe sale at toe Lowest Market!
JtL Kates: Extra Family Flour. 8ITGABS—
Crashed, Granulated and Browns. Crackers and
t akeg in boxes and bblg. NUTS—Brazil, English.
Walnuts and Almonds. TEAS—Black and Green.
COFFEE—Rio and Java. Spices. Soaps, Olive on.
Cocos, Chocolate, Mackerel, Syrups, Currants, Raisins,
Cotn Meat, Grits, Cheese, Brooms, Pails, Ac., Ac.
'■■ ■ Have also for sale:
0oanrBaasii«,Kent«*y Bagging Rope, Manilla
RopaaU spnn Yam,-
HonseUne, Konttdtng American Hemp Packui
Kerosene oik in-cana, Hardware, all kinds,
angi* —— - - lm
Useful, Cheap,
AND , V
DE8IRA.BjLJi!.
e JJDSON’S Patent Stamp Cancelling Machine*
for stamping Revenue Stamp* Checks, Envelopes,
A new invention and great auxiliary to the count
ing room. Orders reodved by
, ■ C. F. BOWS A OO.,
augis ,
iOO g5f“’“ IOT 5’