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VOL. LXV-
[NEW SERIES.]
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 5, 1865.
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NO. 233
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• vANNAH, GEORGIA.
, <51 IISDAV MORNING, OCT. oil,.
d£ADl*^(a MATTER ON EVERY PAGE.
From Florida.
I,0\ MARVIN AT MARIANNA.
His Address to the Colored Peo
pie ol that Section.
Xl,e Governor show them their Position
ami gives some Good Advice.
I.rest Euthusiasm Amoii£ liie Au
dience.
We publish below the able address of the
Provisional Governor of Florida, delivered at
Marianna, on the 17th September,, to the Freed-
m. n in that neighborhood. A large crowd of
colored people of that section assembled to
j.oar what the Governor had to say, and his
address had a happy effect, and was received
.n il muen applause.
Mv Kkiends :—You are aware that for the
>.,jt tour rears there has been waged a terrible
•,vnr between the white man of the North and
Uie white man of the South; during which
tune many battles were fought, a great many
ic ple killed, cities were burned, many plan
tations destroyed, and large tracts of country
rastated. With this war you had nothing to
i": you neither commenced it, nor did you
end it. nor is the result attributable to you at
It was a white man’s war. It is true,
hut a few colored men were enlisted in the
army of the United States, but they fought no
bailies; or if engaged at all in such, they were
t illing affairs: indeed, you had nothing to do
with it. You remained at home, worked, be
haved yourselves, and the blood of no man is
on your bands. When it commenced, it was
neither intended nor prosecuted with the end in
view to liberate you from slavery. Neither
'.!,e Northern white man nor the Southern whito
man expected nor intended such a result,;,
neither, therefore, is entitled to your thanks or
gratitude. To a higher power should you feel
graceful for y our freedom to-day—totheProvi-
<! nee and tender mercies of Almighty God.
Y"U are free : as free as the white man—(A
voice—“Thank the Lordy, blessed Moses
■ie-us! followed by many pious ejaculations)
—tr.d never again so long as the United States
\i-t-, and God grant they may exist forever!)
v,id you be reduced to slavery. If you ask
me the question, whether the white man of the
Njtthur the white man of the South is your
vii I, 1 will answer you by saying that I hope
find believe both of them are; but if it comes
i a q'le-tion of certainty as to which of the two
;• ;<iur /nth,- friend, I shall answer plainly and
filly m, the white man of the South. I was
lorn in the North, raised and educated there,
bit I have spent the last thirty years of my life
m 'he South, and I consider myself capable of
."•'king between the two people particularly in
rciersnee to yourselves. I know the Northern
man. or Yankee, as you call him, from the
■" ■ ovn of his head to the sole of his foot, and I
tell you to-day as your friend, that the South-
era white man, with whom you were raised and
wlio is acquainted with your habits and cus-
tutns, is the best triend you have.
1 have told you that you are free, as free as the
"bite man, that you never will again be slaves—
h it liini hiiuselt has given this freedom to you ;
tiuw, then, the question is, is it to prove a bless*
ieg b you, looking to your advancement and
■avibration,or a curse, involving a condition of
vagabondism and ultimato destruction ? It is
viih you, and you alone to determine. Your
liberation from your former state of slavery, has,
1:1 the dispensation of Providence, unexpectedly
■ :;,e up uQ you and the country. Neither is pre
pare 1 for it. It involves a state of trial scarcely
less to yourselves than to your former owners;
ami while it is their duty to accommodate them-
'" ltei to what they may consider a misfortune, it
uaiso your duty to show by good conduot a just
appreciation of what you may consider a bles-
Now will yon do it? Will you show to
Jsur country and to the world that you are capa-
' of rising from your present Btate to one of
credit and respectability ? I hope you will, but
i fear for many of you. I know, that though I
“Hi here as the Governor of the State, and tell
-!." u diet you are free, that you will not believe it.
* a are prenared to say that you remain on the
mild plantations and are controlled and directed
oy the sagno owners, for whom, as before, you
iie to work, and that you do not understand by
‘Mli facts that you are free, and on after the first
January next, I know as well as if I witness-
'y ! now > what you will do. Y’ou will leave your
, bones—drift about the country—float from
piantait n to plantation—hundreds of you will
"-e to town, and everywhere you will be look
’ r freedom, aud it will only be when your old
fusers and mistresses do not pursue you that yon
*' 1 1 e convinced that you are no longer slaves.
Hi whoa you shall find as you will that you are
- rc '-fiod it with hungry stomachs and with
'I ' hing to eat, with the fact that none cares for
- lU > an d that you are driven more than ever to
^re for ourselves, you will then begin wisely to
consider what is best to be done. Many of you
*''tiien will come to town as washer-women and
irmiog women, when there are already more here
’ w, aro noeded ; and soon you will be faced
wr “ the fact that you can get no work and with
fi'c necessity of looking elsewhere for employ*
lllet| t. You will learn very soon that town is not
£ r «at a place as you thought, and you will
iwe it to n ve i n ,[j e country—the best place for
you.
Now, after you shall have found your free-
, . ,n i an< i driven by stern necessity to do some
'lung lor yourselves, the question is, What is
. ljest for you to do ? My advice is to re-
81:1111 on the plantations where you have been
accustomed to work, with your former own-
m"’" lll °y w ill make a contract with yon.—
‘ , tlle best contract you can with them,
bf ti S IO v to tliem that you are willing to work
iii tT’ U g W ^at N ou are compensated for your
i ,oi f , tllan y° u e 'er have done before. Be
in it u ’J ,1 r trut -‘f u ', be honest, be interested
m,,) * a ®« r » of the plantation ; see that the
are ^ell fed, that the hogs get good at-
b e that fbe things entrusted to you
tr »ct with 8 6Cte< < : When 1 8ay make this con '
to mm h you ! f ° rmer owners and advise you
v hey *m \* you, lh
7 can agree, I mean for jcu to do so if they
are kind, as I know many of them are; bu l i
not to remain with such as are disposed to ;
treat you cruelly and meanly, but go else- j
where and find better employers. Let your
contract be for a part of the crop or so much
money, and when you have made it, abide by
it. You must recollect that in being free
yourselves, that the white man who may em
ploy you, whether your former owner or not,
is as free as you are; and if after making a
contract with him you do not work or conduct
yourself as you ought, that he has a right to
discharge you. When you make a contract
see, too, that the man with whom you make it
has property—has land, or mules’ and wagons
and cattle, out of which you may, if necessary, !
get your pay; because if he has nothing and
refuses to pay you after you have worked for
him one or two years, you cannot collect your
claim by law, for he will have nothing to pay
with. All yon can get from a cat is his skin,
you know. (Great laughter.)
I say when you have made your contract,
abide by its conditions, and do not, after one
half or six months of the year shall have ex
pired, break off from it, because in so doing
you will do great injustice alike to those who
have employed you and to yourselves. Under
such circumstances, you would not be entitled
to pay for the work you have done, nor indeed
ought you to be. You will find that even'
thing depends upon you if you would succeed
in being constantly employed and thus in
thriving in the world. By all means establish,
so soon as you may, a character for faithful
ness, truthfulness and industry. It is your
privilege; it is your duty—a duty which you
owe to your God who has given to you free
dom, to y'ourselves and to the great country
that protects you. Without industry, you
would soon form habits of great idleness and
indolence—would resort to stealing to keep
you from starving, and thus soon become a
curse e v en to yourselves. Nor need you think
that the white man cannot take care of him
self without you, for he can ; his education
aud superior power of mind instruct him how
to do it. 'There is, therefore, no danger of his
starving; if anybody is to starve, it will be
you, and the fault will be yours. There are
thousands of whito men in the North who have
never owned a slave and scarcely have ever
seen one, whose industrious pursuits and habits
have secured to them a good living, and many
of them fortunes, and it would be the case
with the whites of the South if there was not
one of you to remain in tbs country. In the
North there are but few negroes, nor is it the
place for them to live, covered as it is with
snow and thick ice for at least six months of
the year ; but here in the South, where you
have beeD raised and become acclimated, is,
of all places, the best for you to live and pros
per in.
Now will you avail yourselves of theses ad
vantages or not? As yet you know nothing
about freedom. In reference to it you may be
compared to a child just born—almost every
thing you will have to learn. You will have
much to think about, great trials to encountert
difficulties to contend with never experienced
before, and harder work probably to do than
you ever have done before. Heretofore, com
paratively', you have no cares. Your masters,
influenced by interest aside from human feel
ings, which none question many of them hav
ing, have fed you, clothed you, and when sick
have nursed you, and when necessary, have eru-
ployed medical attendance; the raising of your
children has received almost their exclusive
care; they furnished the old women to watch
over them during the absence of their mothers,
who came two or three times to nurse them
during the day. Now, as freed men and wo
men, you are by your work to feed yourselves,
clothe yourselves, employ medical attendance,
raise and educate your children. Will you
properly raise your children? I am afraid some
of you will not. I regret to say, that I have
heard, indeed known of instances where moth
ers have neglected their children to perish and
to die. Then they would set up a great wail
ing and lamentation, in sad contradiction to
their actions towards them while they lived;
which strongly indicated that they wished them
to die so that they no longer would be on their
hands. Much acts are abominable and unna
tural in the sight of God and man, and will, in
time, bring dotfn on the head of those base
enough to commit them the awful punishment
they deserve. Now you that are old or grown
up to be men and women, t^nnot expect to en
joy muufc of the benefits of freedom; but you
have the privilege of sending your children to
school, and so preparing them that they will
be greatly benefited by it. You must raise
them up in the fear of the Lord, and when
they shall be as old as you, they will know
something about freedom and be far better
calculated than you now are to get along in the
world. Another thing I have to tell you: you
must live in a lawful state of matrimony. If
you have never been regularly married, go at
once and get a clergyman, or a magistrate, and
be so; and when you are, be faithful to your
marriage obligations. You husbands, be con
stant to your wives, and wives be constant to
your husbands; have only one wife, or one hus
band, for such is the law of God.
Now 1 feel that some of you, more intelligent
and better disposed than the rest, will succeed
while others will not Bat at first it is going
to be hard with you all, much harder than any of
yon expect; Out you must be patient learn to
bear and keep struggling on and yon will after a
while find it easier. Some of you will work
bard, make a little money and save it, and so on,
till you get one, or two, or three hundred dollars,
and then you will buy a piece of land, and you
will go to some white man kindly disposed to
the colored man and borrow money enough to
buy a male and plough, Ac., and you will set up
tor yourselves. Others will in time buy town
lots and build on them, and so on; will work and
save till they will own considerable property and
become good examples for emulation. And you
wives, too, must help your husbands. Do not
think because yon are free, that your husbands
are to support yon, and that you are to sit all day
in your homes and do nothing. You that are
able must go_ into tbe fields and work as you
have doue before, It is lady-iike, it is proper lor
you to do so. Y'ou should never think of becom
ing a burden to your husbands, but should do all
you can to aid in supporting your families. I
know of nothing mare trifling, more to be avoided
than a good-for-nothing shiftless woman. Nor
do not think that, because you are free, you have
a right to be impudent, uncivil, or impolite to
while people. You have no such right. Impo
liteness is not justifiable in any one You Bhould
be as civil, as polite as you always have been ;
more so if you can. It is proper, it is your duty
to be so. It is impossible tor politenes to do you
any harm, and it will do you a great deal of
good. You do not wish to make white people
hate you. It is to them that you are to look for
almost everything ; you want to be instructed by
them ; you want to learn from them a great many
things you cannot possibly learn without them ;
so you must be polite and civil to them and don’t
put on airs and flaunt and look insolent at them,
and don’t as I have heard has been done iu places
jostle, or rub, or shove up against them when
passing them on the road. Such a course is high
ly wrong and will get you into trouble. Some ot
the most polite men I have ever seen were
colored men who had been raised in good fami
lies. They were naturally polite, aud knew
well how to lie so, and it is so with you. You
can be as polite as any one, and you ought
not to be otherwise. It is a duty which is due
to yourselves ; it is gentlemanly and lady
like, and, now that you are free, you should
try and be gentlemen and ladies. You have a
greater inducement now than you ever had be
fore, and if you wish to be esteemed as ladies
an3 gentlemen, you must conduct yourselves
accordingly- Call your old master, master,
and your old mistress, mistress. It is right
you should; it is proper, it is polite. You do
not mean by calling them so that you belong
to them, but that you wish to be respectful and
polite, and to give no cause for offense, but
rather desire to please. I don’t say that you
must call them master or mistress ; but I say it
is civil and polite in you to do it, and you
ought, therefore, to do it. I have known
many white servants, and there are thousands
in the North, where I was raised, and it is so
in England, too, who call those who employ
them master and mistress. It is a term of re
spect and deference, and they call them thus
because this is so. There they, as I said be
fore, are white servants, and they till the land,
feed the stock and do other work that is done
here, and they are respected and all of them
find employment, as you may do if you will
conduct yourselves properly.
But you must not think because you are as
free as the white people, that you are their
equal; because you are not. You will have
to do a great many things you cannot do, be
fore you begin to be as great as they. You
will have to be able to write a book, build a
railroad, a steam engine, a steamboat, and
thousands of other things you know nothing
of. They are far ahead of you, and it is fool
ish for you to think they are not superior to
you anil will over be ; but they will help you
rise if you try to raise yourselves, and you
must try, and make fast friends of them, and
not, by bad behavior towards them, make
them hate you.
There has been a story circulated in Middle
Florida that on tbe first of January next the
land, mules, &c., will be taken from your for
mer owners and divided among you. Such a
story I suppose you have all heard. Have
yon? Speak out. If you have tell me so. (“Ise
hearn it, Ise hearn it,” said all.) Well who
told you so? (An answer, “the soldiers.”) What
soldiers? These soldiers in town? (“No sir, the
Confederate soldiers.”) Well,-I spoke to the
colored people in Quincy the other day and
they did not understand me. I want you to
understand me. I have been sent here by the
President to talk to you, and I tell you the
truth, and if he had thought I would not tell
you the truth he would not have sent me. I
talked to the white people yesterday and I talk
to you to-day, and I want you to understand
mo and believe what I say. The Fresident will
not give you one foot of land, nor a mule, nor
hog, nor cow, not even a knife and fork or
spoon. (A voice, “Dar! old man, hear dat?
dat’s a bad egg! dat chicken wont hatch no
hotv!”) He has given you your freedom and
that is everything he intends to give you, and
that is enough, and some of you will under
stand me when I tell you why. Before tbe
war each one of you was worth in dollars and
cents to your owners, eight hundred, or a thou-
eand, or fifteen hundred dollars—worth more
than fifty acres, or eighty acres of land and a
mule thrown in. Well, the President has, in
giving you your freedom, taken so many dol
lars and cents from your old masters, and he
thinks, as I do, they have lost enough, and
you by it have had enough given to you.—
If he were to give you more it would prove a
curse to you. God has directed toe President
how much to give you and he will give no more.
God knows what is best for you. If you had so
much land and so many mules given to you, it
would be the ruin of you. Yoo would become
proud and say ha ! ba ! “1 have land now aud a
mule and 1 am a gentleman, and I ain’t agoing
to work.” Now I ask you if it is not so?
Would nt it make you proud and tooiisb, and
wouldn't it prove as I say V (Several voices—
“yes, sir, it would. - ') Then it is best for you
not to have it, and you must be contented with
having your freedom, and what else you have
you will have to get fay work. And when you
shall have made it by hard work, you will know
how many days of hard toil it cost you to get it,
and then yon will rightly value it, and take care
ot it. You now are at liberty to go to work for
yourselves; you have none other to work for.
Yon belong uow to no man ; yon have ceased to
be property; you never will be sold again; and if
you will struggle hard and do right, live as good
men and women, you wiil prosper; if not
you will sutler. You all look to ba well fed, well
clothed healthy, strong, full of muscle and
sinew, showing the kind treatment you have re
ceived, and you aie well prepared to go to work
for yourselves and to develope the resources of
tbe country.
I believe I have covered the whole ground and
said all that is necessary. If, however, i have
left anything out let me know what it is. Come
up ! you have a right to ask, so speak eut! (Here
a few unimportant questions were asked, which
were satisfactorily answered.) Now, before I
conclude, I wish to ask you, are you satisfied ?
Are you ? (“We are,” by all.) Will you prom
ise me to do the best you can, be kindly disposed
to all, to be good men and women ? (“We will.”)
God help you do it!
Creorsia Items.
The State Hoad.—We learn that the Slate
railroad was turned over to the Provisional
authorities on last Monday. Nearly all the
offices have been filled, and tbe new manage
ment is uow operating the line. Contracts for
building permanent bridges were made on
Thursday. The three bridges over the Chat
tahoochee, Etowah and Oustanaula were con
tracted for by Messrs. Virchor & Hardy, and
the bridges over the Chickamauga were let to
Mr. Denamead. Seven engines and several
cars were brought from the North.
St nr on Teleyraph, 30f/t.
Burrs County.—A private letter from In
dian Springs informs us there are very few vis
itors at that place. Times are hard in Butts
county; a great scarcity of money is a general
complaint. And thoso who have a little find
it next to impossible to find anything to eat
that can be bought. The freedmen and women
have congregated about the Springs in great
numbers, and have nearly eaten out the sup
plies of the neighborhood. A negro man was
killed on the night of the 2Gth about two miles
from the Springs. The facts were not devel
oped when the letter was written, but there
was considerable excitement iu the neighbor
hood, especially among the negroes.—Iliiil.
To the Public.—Any person in Georgia,
South Carolina, Florida or Alabama having
preserved printed copies of my letters from the
army, will confer a special favor by informing
me of the fact, by letter, at this place.
The aid of my friends of the Press is solicit
ed in giving this card a general circulation in
tbe States named above. P. W. A.
Thomaston, Upson co ., Ga., Sept. 26,1865.
Letter from General Lee.
Baltimore, Sept. 20, 1865.
The Index, of Petersburg, publishes the
subjoined extract from a private letter to one
of its editors from Gen. Lee
It should be the object of all to avoid con
troversy, to allay passion, give free scope to
reason and every kindly feeling. By doing
this, and encouraging our citizens to engage in
the duties of life with all their heart and mind,
with the determination not to be turned aside
by the thoughts of the past or of the fu
ture, our country will not only be restored in
material prosperity, but will be advanced in
science, io virtue and in religion.
Wishing you every success, I ara most truly
yours, H. E- Lee.
Death of a Prominent Citizen.
Boston, Sept. 28, 1865.
Captain Edward H. Saadford, widely known
as one of the principal owners of Sandford’s
Line of Steamers between this city and Ban
gor, died at St. Catharine Springs. 0. W., on
Wednesday, of congestion of the lungs.
Andersonvilie.
TESTIMONY OS BEHALF OF THE
ACCUSED.
REBEL DESTITUTION.
Passage Between the Court and Prison
er’s Counsel,
&c., &c., <Yc.
Washington, Sept. 28.
The Wirz military commission reassembled
to-day.
The examination of Colonel Parsons was
resumed. While he commanded at Anderson
vilie, boxes of supplies from the Sanitary
Commission reached there; he had them sent
into the prisoners, for which they thanked
him. Witness never knew of Capt. Wirz be
ing absent with the dogs. It was a peniten
tiary offense for confederates to trade for
greenbacks. We thought ibis was so declared
by act of Congress and by a statute of the
State of Georgia. The country around An
dersonvilie was poor, and as a consequence
vegetables were scarce. Soon after some ne
groes had reached Andersonvilie he addressed
a communication to General Winder, asking
what disposition should be made of them.—
The reply was that the question was in abey
ance at Richmond, and until it was settled that
they should be treated as prisoners of war.
Witness did not know whether sentries were
relieved after shooting Union prisoners ; such
information never reached him ; in the rules
and regulations for the government of the
prisoners, signed by Capt. Wirz, trading by the
prisoners was interdicted.
Cross-examined by Judge Advocate Chip-
man—Witness was first assigned to the
command of the troops, and next to the post.
A great effort was made to build accommoda
tions for the prisoners. Capt. Wirz assumed
the responsibility of erecting a dead house.
Judge Advocate—Would it not have been more
humane to build shelter for the living?
Witness—I think it was impracticable for Cap*
tain Wirz to furnish all the shelter required.
Judge Advocate—You do not answer my ques
tion.
Witness—Then I answer yes; some shelter
might have been built; I think the quartermaster
had not sufficient energy; I never exercised the
right to punish prisoners; Captain Wirz never re
ceived any order for that purpose from me; the
latter was responsible for what he did there; Cap-
Wiiz drew up the rules and regulations,
and they had my approval; Captain Wirz
labored indefatigably; whether or not he
accomplished all he desired I do not know, but I
do know that the prison was not half cared for; I
think the responsibility rests oa those who crowds
ed so maDy prisoners there.
By tbe Court—Captain Wirz drew up the pri
son rales by his own authority. Witness ap
proved of them because ho thought they were
right. There was no dead line therein provided
for; it was subsequently erected by virtue, he sup
pose, of Captain Wirz’ own rank.
Nazareth Allen, of the Third Georgia Reser
ves, who had been examined for the prosecu
tion, was now called for the defense. There
was a good deal of sickness in his regiment,
and owing to the heavy duty' required, much
dissatisfaction existed among the men, and some
of them strayed away; the effect of the bad
rations was diarrhea and other diseases among
the troops; he saw some of his men wearing
old clothing which they had purchased from
the Union prisioners; when General Stone-
man’s captured raiders were brought to Ander
sonvilie they were searched, and jewelry, pa
per money, ladies’ shawls, pocket books, gold
table-spoons and silver spoons and forks, and
daguerreotypes were taken from them; witness
never heard that furloughs could ba obtained
for shooting Union prisoners.
Cross-examined by the judge advocate—Wit
ness knew of no soldier dying from starvation
or emaciation because of insufficient food.
Q. Was the clothing which you saw on rebel
soldiers taken from the dead bodies of Union
soldiers? A. I do not know, but I believe
so.
Mr. Baker—Telljxs all about it.
The judge advocate objected saying the wit
ness had answered the question.
Mr. Baker insisted that the witness should
tell about it.
The Court—Mr, Baker, your action is very
improper.
Mr. Baker—The judge advocate stopped the
witness answering the question in full.
The Court—He is the judge advocate's wit
ness.
Mr. Baker—I must call the attention of the
court
The Court, interrupting Mr. Baker, said—
We don’t want to hear it. It is very impro
per.
Mr. Baker—Let us have the whole of the
answer of the witness.
The Court—Let the witness proceed. We
don’t want any assistance of yours at all.
The Judge Advocate—The witness said he did
not know of his own knowledge.
Mr. Baker said that the judge advocate
asked the witness a question, but before he bad
half answered it stopped him. The court, when
Boston Corbett was before them, ordered him to
goon and complete his answer under circumstan-
stances similar to those now pending.
Tbe court said it was not to be prosnmed that
the judge advocate would violate the rules of the
court.
The judge advocate repeated that the witness
had answered the question.
The court asked thewitnesR, “Were they opin
ions of facts you were about to state.”
The Witness—My opinions.
The Court—Wo have already djci led we do
not care about opinions.
Mr. Baker—I ask that the court pass on it.
The Court—Wo have done it repeatedly. We
don’t care about the opinions of witnesses unless
they are professional.
Mr. Baker—The witness was stopped in the
midst of his answer.
The Court—We have decided the question. I
tell you again we need no argument. If you will
take your seat I will take the question.
The court voted when the result was announc
ed in the following words ; “The court don’tcare
about the opinions of witnesses.”
Other witnesses were thea examined for the de
fence, when the court adjourned.
Cotton.—This staple was plentiful on the
streets yesterday morning and sold at good
prices, ranging from 28 to 32 cents. The dis
position, however, is to store and await better
prices. *‘A bird in the hand is better than two
in the bush.” As a general rule, it is better
to accept a good offer when made than to wait
the uncertainties of the future; cotton may rale
higher, and it may decline. Let each bolder
elect for himself, however, what he will do.—
The people here would say, sell and add to the
circulation of money among all classes.—Mont-
yomery Ledger.
Small Pox.—We hea’- of small pox every day
in the city, which, as fast as they are developed,
the patients are removed to a proper building be
yond the limits of tbe city. There is great dan
ger of contracting the disease by going about the
streets and coming in contact with all classes of
persons. We advise the people, old and young,
to hasten and be vaccinated. “An ounce of pre
servative is better than a pound of cure.”
iforUgomrg Ledger, Sept, 30.
AN ARCTIC MYSTERY UN
LOCKED.
Absorbing
News of Sir John
Franklin’s Expedition,
LETTER FROM CAPT. HALL
The Survivrrs Devour their Compan
ions—FrarAHn’s Successor
Defuses ihe Horrid Diet,
and is Saved a Skele
ton.
FULL DETAILS PROMISED.
Ac., Ac., Ac,,
Henry Grinnell, Esq., had received a letter
which Mr. ttall wrote to Oapt. Chapel to be for
warded to Mr. Grinnell, from which we are per
mitted to extract.
Winter Quartkrs, in Ic.loo, Dec. 10,1864. )
Noo wook West End Rowk's Wki-comk, v
Lat. 64:46 N., Ion. 87:20 W. )
Dear Friend Chapel : In this letter I have
some deeply interesting intelligence to communi
cate to you. Since failing in with the natives I
have not been idle. Nothing in Parry’s narra
tive of second voyage for the discovery ot North
west passage relating to the Esquimaux ol Win
ter Island and Igloo-it, but these natives are per
fectly posted up. Indeed, I find through my
superior interpreter, Tookoo-li-too, that many
deeply interesting incidents occurred at both
named places that never found their place in Par
ry or Lyon’s works. But the great work already
done by me is gaming little by little ot these na
tives through'Too-koo li-loo and E-bier-btng re
lating to Sir John Franklin’s expedition. This
you know was the great object of my mission to
the North. I cannot stop to tell you now all I
have gained of this people—no, not the one-bun-
diedth part—most of it relating to Franklin’s
expedition.
[The natives are now loading sledge—it is 7:30
o’clock, A. At.]
I will give you very briefly what the people of
England and America wiil be most interested to
learn. When I come down I shall bring my dis
patches and journals up to the time of writing
you. These will be committed to your oare for
transmitting to tho States.
The most import matter that I have acquired
rela es to the fact that there may yet be three
survivors of Sir John Franklin’s expedition—
and one of these—Ur zier, the one who succeeded
Sir John Franklin on his death. The details are
deeply interesting, but this must suffice till I come
down. Crozier and three tnen who were with him
were found by a cousin of Ou-e la (Abort.) Shoo-
she-arknnm, (John), and Ar-too-a (Frank),
while moving on the ice from one igloo to anotha
er, this cousin having with him his family and
engaged in sealing. This occurred near Neitoh-
il-le (Bontbia Felix Peninsula). Crozier was
nothing bat “skin and bones,” was nearly starved
to death, while the three men with him were fat.
The cousin soon learned that the three fat men
bad been living on human flesh—on the flush of
their companions, who all deserted the two ships
that were fast in mountains of ice, while Crozier
was tbe only man that would not eat human flesh,
and far this reason he was almost dead from
Starvation
This cousin who has two names (bnt I cannot
stop to gtve them now), took Crozier and the
three men at once in charge. He soon caught a
seal, and gave Crozier quickly a little—a very
piece, which was raw—only oue mouthful the
first day. Tbe cousin did not give the three fat
men anything, for they could well get along,
tell CrozieFs life was safe. Tbe next day the
cousin gave Crozier a little larger piece of same
seal. By the judicious care of this cousin lor
Crozier his life was saved. Indeed Crozier’s
own judgment stuck to him in this terrible situa
tion, for be agreed with the cousin that one little
bit was ail that he should have the first day.
When the cousin fmt saw Crozier’s lace, it look
ed so bad—his eyes all sunk in, the face so
skeleton-like and haggard, that he (the cousin)
did not dare to look upon Crozier’s face for sev
eral days after; it made him (tbe cousin) feel so
bad! This noble cousin, whom the whole
civilized world wilt ever remember for humanity,
took care of Crozier aud his three men, save
one, who died, through the whole winter. One
man, however, died a short time after the cousin
found them, not because he starved, but because
he was sick. In the spring, Crozier and the re
maining two men accompanied this cousin on the
Bouthia .Feiix Peninsula to Neitchilie, where
there were many Innnits. Crozier and each of
his men had guns and plenty of ammunition, and
many pretty things. They killed a great many
ducks, nowyers, Sc. wuh their guns. Here
they lived with the Innuits at Neitchilie, and
Crozier became fat and ot good health. Cro
zier told his cousin that he was once at In-
noil-ie (Repulse Bay], at Winter Island
and Igiooiik many years before, and that
at the two last-named places he saw many In
nuits, and got acquainted with them. This
cousin had heard of Parry, Lyon, and Crozier
of his Innuit friends at Repulse bay, some years
previous, and therefore when Crozier gave him
his name he recollected it. The consin saw
Crozier, one year before he found him and the
three men, where the two ships were in the ice.
It was there that the cousin found out that
Crozier had been to Igoolik.
Crozier and the two men lived with the
Neitchilie Innuits some time. The Innuits
liked him (C.) very much, and treated him al
ways very kindly. At length Crozier, with his
two men and one Innuit, who took along a
ki-ak (?) [an India-rubber boat, as E-bier-bing
thinks it was, for all along the ribs there was
something that could- be filled with air,] left
Neitchilie to try to go to the Kob-lu-nas coun
try, taking a south conrse.
When Ou-e-la (Albert) and his brothers, in
1854, saw this cousin that had been so good to
Crozier and his men, at Pelly Bay (which is
not far from Neitchilie), tbe cousin had not
heard whether Crozier and the two men and
Neitchilie Iannuit had ever come backor not.
The Innuits never think they are dead—do not
believe they are. Crozier offered to give his
gun to the cousin for saving his life, but the
cousin would not accept it for he was afraid it
would kill him (the coDsifl), it made such a
great noise, and killed everything with noth
ing. Then Crozier gave him (the cousin) a
long curious knife (sword, as E bier-bing and
Too-koo-li-too say it was), and gave him many
pretty things besides. [The dogs are all in
harness, and sledges loaded and Innuits wait
ing for my letters. I promise to be ready in
thirty minutes.] Crozier told the cousin of a
fight with a band of Indians—not Innuits, hut
Indians. This must have occurred near the
entrance of Great Fish or Back’s river. More
of this when I see yon. * *
God bless yon, C.F. Hall.
From Mexico—Another French Suc
cess.
San Francisco, Sept. 25.
The steamer Sacramento has arrived from
Panama. She briDgs dates from Acapulco to
the 17th inst. The French war ships had landed
500 soldiers and taken possession of the town,
Alvarez had previously withdrawn hia forces,
amounting to 1500 men, badly equipped and
short of ammunition, but very enthusiastic.
The majority of tbe Mexican population had fol
lowed him. He was confident of maintaining
the oause of Juarez throughout tbe interior ol
Queretsro.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
vn-
36
36
37
44^
44%
45
46
46
47
Jfew fork money market.
Nbw York, September 29, 1865.
The gold market was very firm, under a brisk
demand tor customs duties. The opening price
was 143%, from which there was an advance to
144 1-8. The supply for delivery was easy.
Foreign exchange is steady, but not very ac
tive. Leading drawers contioue to ask 109% a
110, but very little business is done at over
109%.
Money was a little more active to-day, and
there was a fair demand from Btock houses at 5 a
6 per cent. There is a good supply of commer
cial paper oflering which is taken at 7 a 8 and 9
a 10 for the first and second grades.
New York General markets.
New York, Sept. 29.
Bbeadstcffs.—The floor market was more ac
tive for all grades, and closed 5c a 10c higher, as
shown in onr annexed quotations. State and
Western flour was active, with sales of 14 500
bbls at our revised quotations below. Southern
flour was in good demand, with sales of 650 bbls.
Canada flour ruled active; tbe sales comprised
about 400 bbls. We quote:
Superfine State and Western $7 SO a S SB
Extra State V.... 7 90 a S lit
Choice State 8 15 a 8 35
Common to medium extra Western 8 00 a 8 60
Extra round hoop Ohio 8 05 a 9 00
Western trade brands 9 25 a 11 15
Common southern 8 75 a 10 50
Fancy and extra do lo 65 a 14 BO
Common Canadian 8 00 a 8 50
Good to choice and extra 8 60 a 11 50
Cottojl—This year’s cotton crop promises to
hardly equal the estimates of it which have been
made' from time to time. The accounts from
Northeast Mississippi, we observe, represent the
yield as very poor, the negroes being unwilling
to work or make contracts with the planters ;
while a report from Texas says that the destruc
tion of cotton by the army worm is alarming, aDd
that in many districts not more than a third or a
fourth of the crop will be gathered.
Cotton was in good export and fair home de
mand, in part for speculation, and prices ruled
rather more steady. The receipts continued
large. The sales comprised 4,380 bales, mostly
at oar quotations, though a tew outside lots
changed bands at something under our extreme
prices. We quote:
Upland, Florida. Mobi'e N.O AT.
Ordinary.... 35
Middling... .44
Good Mtd’ng45
Beeswax.—We note sales ot 10,000 lbs yellow
at 47c a 50c lor Western and Southern.
Coffee.-The market was rather quiet, but
tail prices were realized. We quote ; ltioprime,
22c; do good, 2lc a 2 %c; do tatr, I9%c a 20c ;
do ordinary, 18c a 18%c; do fair to good cargoes,
18%ca20%c; Java, mats and bags, 26c a 27c;
Maracaibo, l'JC a 22c; Laguayra, 21c a 22c; St
Domingo, 17%c a 17%c, gold, net cash, duty
pa d.
Hai.—The market was active, and prices were
without material change ; shipping 60c a 65c, and
75c a 90c for city bales, as to quality.
Freights were qniet, but rather firmer. The
engagements wereTo Liverpool, 21,000 bush
els cornet 41-2d a4 7-8d, 150 bales cotton at %d
a %d, (the latter for Sea Island), per steamer ;
2,500 bales cotton at %d. To Glasgow, per
steamer, 7,000 bushels corn at 6 T-2d, per 60 lbs.
To A ntwerp, 300 bhds tobacco at 30s. Charters
are a bark from Apalachicola to New York, cot
ton, l%c; a brig, Philadelphia to Antwerp, pe
troleum, private; a bark, to New Orleans and
back, private.
Molasses.—The market was fairly active and
prices were firm, with sales of 200 hhds Porto
Rico at 80c a 95c, and 200 do Barbadoes at 78c.—
Also 120 hbds Cuba muscovado omprivate terms.
Naval Stores were in good demand, the mar
ket retaining its full strength for nearly all de
scriptions. We note sales of 200 bbls spirits
turpentine, at $ 1 05 a 1 10 for large and small
lots; 345 bbls crude, per 280 lbs, at $5 25 a 6.—
In rosins we notice further sales of 1,500 bbls
common at $6 50 a 6 75 ; 1 000 do strained at
$7 50 a 9; 1,000 do No 2, at $9 50 a 11; 450 dc
No 1, at $12 a 16, and 82') do prime pale at $18 a
20. Tar was steady, with sales of 150 bbls at $7
a 9 50, as to quality. Pitch was quiet at $6 50 a
*S.
Nails —Cut were firm, and sell as fast as de
livered from the mi Is at 8c, cash, with an upward
tendency, as the demand was far beyond the
ability ot the mills in operation at present to
supply. No clinch are in the market. For forged
horse most agents advanced their price to 34c for
8’s, and declined to till orders tor Jess, while a
few lots were sold at 32c. Copper were steady
at 50c, yellow metal at 35c, and zinc at 20c cash.
Provisions —The beef market was more ac
tive and firmer, with sales of 2,500 bbls at $9 a
12 50 for plain mess, and $'2 a 15 25 for extra
mess. Beef hams were doll and unchanged.—
Bacon was quiet. Cut meats were a shade firmer
and fairly active; the sales were about 500 pkgs
at 16 a 17%c tor shoulders and 19c a 23c for
hams The lard market was doll and declining;
the sales were about 65t‘ pkgs, at 26c a 30 l-2c for
common to choice. Batter was in demand and
firm, with saies at 30c a 42c tor Western and 40c
a 52c for State. Cheese was more active and a
shade firmer; the sales were at 13c al8efor com
mon to prime.
Rice.—East India was being offered sparingly.
Carolina was in short supply, and prices had an
upward tendency. We note sales ot 150 bags
Rangoon on private terms.
Sugar.—The market was active, and we notice
an advance of l-8e on all grades of raw, while re
fined remained steady. The sales embraced 2,410
hhds Cuba Muscovado at 12 l-2c a 14%c and 200
do Porto Rico at 14c a 16 l-2c; also 3,000 boxes
Havana at from 13%c to 17c.
Whiskey.—Receipts, 142 bbls. Tbe demand
was moderate, aud prices were steady. We note
sales of 400 bbls at $2 29 1-2 a 2 30, mostly at
tbe outside price.
Galveston Cotton Statement.
Galveston, Sept 16, 1865.
This Year. 1860-61.
Stockon hand 1st Sept, 1865.. 13,857 3 168
Received at this Port to date.. 4,810 3,907
“ at other ports 478 365
Total 19,145 7,440
Exported to New Orleans.l,709 412
“ “ New York...3,316 1,289
“ “ Boston 5,025 20-1,721
On band and on shipboard
not cleared 14,120 5,719
Note.—The ports of Texas were blockaded
dnring tbe last lour years, in which time the ex-
S orts bv sea were about 30,000 bales, and via
texieo 130,000 bales. In making a comparative
statement, reference is made to last crop received
and shipped—that ot 1860-61.
Eufauli
Cotton Market. 1
Ecfaula (Ala) Sept. 28.
The market has been quite brisk for the last
few days. Several lots nave changed hands.—
A good deal from wagons is offering, all of which
is freely taken at prices ranging from 20c to 33c,
in currency, and 15c to 22c in gold. Freights by
boats $5—boxes $4 per bale.
BUSINESS CABDS.
JUST RECEIVED,
A T the Pioneer Saw Mill, a large quantity of A?1
Timber, which we are prepared to saw and fumlsl
to any size ordimension required, in large or smal
quantities. We are also prepared to steam the same
in « new steaming apparatus we have recently erected
if pnrehasers so desire it. We will also purchase Tim
ber as it arrives in this market. y
^P 25 Ut ROSE * ARKWRIGHT.
CLAYTON, ADAIR & PURSE,
GENERAL
COMMISSION MEBCKANTS,
ATLANTA. GEORGIA.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION paid to the
A purchase and sale of
Cotton, all kinds of Produoe, and
General Merchandize.
Special attention given to the purchase and sale of
Real Estate in the city, and of Plantations in any part
of Georgia.
They will bny and sell Foreign and Domestic Ex
change, Stocks Coin, Bank Notes, and collect Notes,
Drafts, Ac., with prompt remittances.
Engaged exclusively in a Commission Business, with
ample and safe storage rooms,they hope to merit a lib
eral patronage.
Refer to Phinizy & Clayton, R. H. Warren, and W.
E. Jackson, Augusta, Ga ; Geo. W. Williams, Charles
ton; Samuel Tate, Memphis, Tennessee; G. C. Torbett
and V. K. Stevenson, Nashville, Tenn.; Baldwin,Starr
& Co., and Tracy, Irwin & Co., New York.
WM. W. CLAYTON,
Late Agent Georgia Railroad Bank, Atlanta.
GEO. W. ADAIR.
Late of Anderson, Adair A Co., Atlanta.
ISAIAH PURSE,
Late of Poullain, Jennings Ac Co., Augusta, Ga.
sep25 lm
KOBT. P. YORK,
M. E. WILLIAMS, .
J. B. M TNT IRK.
P. H. WAED.
W. Mils. MUM & 1.
AUCTION AND COMMISSION
MERCHANTS,
Bay Street, Savannah, <3-a.
Consignments of Cotton and Lumber solicited.
References: .
Savannah—Brigham, Baldwin A Co., Gaden 4k
Unckles, Erwin A Hardee. Hunter A Gammell, Isaac
D. LaRoche, Hiram Roberts, W. Woodbridge, L. C.
Norvell A Co.
New York—S. T. Knapp Ac Bro., D. H. Baldwin Ac
Co.
Sale days, Tuesdays and Fridays.sepS
A. T. CUNNINGHAM, 1>. G. PURSE.
CUmSGHAH & PURSE,
FACTORS, FORWARDING
AND
Commission Merchants,
Bay Street Savannah, Gra,
References—Robt. Habersham A Sons, Hunter A
Gammell. Octavus Cohen, Brigham, Baldwin A Co ,
Erwin A Hardee, Claghorn O Cnnningham. sep5-3m
CHARLES L. COLBY & CO.,
SHIPPING, COMMISSION,
AND
FORWARDING MERCHANTS
JONES’ BLOCK,
CORNER BA Y AND ABERCORN STS.,
9A.VAJsnsrAXi, cga.
Liberal cash advances made on consignments to the
firm represented in New York by Charles L. Colby,
Esq., or to onr friends in Boston.
ALEX. H. HOL * AY, Resident Partner.
Repekknges.—Messrs. Dabney. Morgan & Co., New
York; Jarvis Slade, Esq.. New York; Gardner Colby,
Esq., Boston; Hon. J. Wiley Edmands, Boston.
ang!6 tf
HEART BRTAA,
Broker and Commission Agent,
For Sale and Purchase of Stocks, Bank
Notes, Produce, <kc., and for For
warding Cotton,
Bryan Street, next to Merchants’ and
Planters’ Bank Building.
anglS |m
SAMUEL P. HAMILTON,
(Successor to Wilmot & Richmond, J
DEALER IN
Watches, Silver Ware, Jewelry,
Canes, Cutlery, Ac.
Cor. Whitaker, Si. Jidien and Congress- Sts,
SAVANNAH, GA.
Watches and Jewelry repaired. Chronometers rated
by transit. Cash paid for old Gold and Silver.
jy23 «
A. J. HEADY, WM. M. SMITH, «. J. MOSES.
BRADY, SMITH & CO.
Commission
AND
Forwarding Merchants,
AND
Manufacturers’ Agents
NORTH SIDE OF BAY STREET,
Between Whitaker and Barnard,
SAVANNAH, GEOKG4IJY.
liberal advances made on consignments of Cotton,
&c„ to their friends in New York and Boston.
References—Wm. K. Kitchen, Prest National Park
Bank, N. Y.; H. C.Thacher &Co., Boston; Israel Co
hen, Baltimore; Hall, Moses*Co.,Colhmbns; Wyman,
Moses & Co., Montgomery. »og‘
KIRLIN, BRO, & BURKE,
WHOLESALK DEALERS IN
ALES, WINES AND LIQUORS
0or. Whitaker Street and Bay Lane.
jnnefil **
MARCY, MY & CO..
308 BAY STBKE3T.'.
North Side,
Between Barnard and Jefferson Streets,
WOOD, COAL AND GRAIN
AND
GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS
• AND
HAY, CORN, OATS AND FEED,
At lowest market prices. jy3
W. A HAMSEY & GO.,
GENERAL
Commission Merchants
to any size ordimension required, in large or «m.u AND
""-"lities. We are also prepared to steam the same
JKSSOP Ac SON’S CAST STEEL.
auctioneers.
308 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga,
For sale by
sep21—tf
RICHARDSON & BARNARD,
Bay st, opp. Mariners’ i hnreh.
L V TUBER.—
Ship Timber, and Yellow and White
Pine, tough and dressed; Ash, Cherry, Oak,
Hahsnny, Ac. For sale by
RICHARDS N & BARNARD
sep21—tf Bay st, opp. Manners' Church.
C IRCC CAR's AWS-
COTTON DINS, from 7 to 80 saws, worked
by one man, b,
•epil—tf Bay »t, opp. Mat mere Church.
Robert Habersham * Eons, Savannah.
W. H. Stark, do.
Bones, Brown * Co., Augnsta.
Ed. Thomas, do. . _ . u
W. K. Kitchen, President National Park Bank, N»
Y. ». _
RICHARDSON & BARNARD
Commission ant Shipping Merchants*
Bav St. nnnosite mariner’s Church*